CN110923394B - Steelmaking apparatus and steelmaking method - Google Patents
Steelmaking apparatus and steelmaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110923394B CN110923394B CN201911189735.2A CN201911189735A CN110923394B CN 110923394 B CN110923394 B CN 110923394B CN 201911189735 A CN201911189735 A CN 201911189735A CN 110923394 B CN110923394 B CN 110923394B
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- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009845 electric arc furnace steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 PVC and the like Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method, wherein the steelmaking equipment comprises a preheating device, an electric arc furnace, a refining device, an intermediate smelting device and a continuous casting machine, wherein the preheating device is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet; the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel outlet are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with the steel outlet, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell; the refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the steel tapping hole; the middle smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering component is arranged in the middle smelting device; the continuous casting machine is provided with a feed port and a tapping hole, and the feed port is communicated with the outlet. The invention does not need to transport a ladle, can realize dynamic continuous operation in the steelmaking process, shortens the production period and improves the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method.
Background
With the development of technology, the quality requirements on steel are increasingly improved, the thin plate has good deep drawing performance, the thick plate has uniform performance in the whole thickness, the pipe has high transverse impact value … …, and the independent contents of sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen, silicon, manganese, aluminum and other oxide nonmetallic inclusions generated in the deoxidation process in the steel are required, so that the removal of ultra-clean steel is reduced to a few parts per million or even a few thousands of parts per million, and the harmful effect on the steel performance is eliminated.
Steelmaking can be divided into a long process and a short process according to the process flow, wherein:
the long process is to blow coarse molten steel from iron ore, sintering (or pelletizing), coking, blast furnace ironmaking and converter, and then make steel in a refining furnace. Coke is the most important raw material indispensable for a long process, and because coking coal resources are limited, coking coal only accounts for 5-10% of the total amount of coal, and coking coal which can be economically developed in the prior art only accounts for 1.5-4%, so that the long process which depends on coking coal faces the situation that coal resources are deficient and cannot be produced. The long process is large in scale, high in investment, large in occupied land area, long in production period, high in ton steel energy consumption and serious in environmental pollution, and especially pollution of a coking system, so that the method is a defect which cannot be overcome by the traditional long process.
The short process is to melt and oxidize scrap steel, direct reduced Iron (DRI, sponge Iron) and the like into crude molten steel by an electric arc furnace, refine the crude molten steel into finished steel by a refining furnace, and the finished steel does not need coke, but adopts the most common Midrex and HYL methods which take natural gas as reducing agents, rotary kiln methods, shaft furnace methods and rotary hearth furnace methods which take coal as reducing agents and the like, but still needs the Iron ore powder agglomeration or pelleting process, and needs rich natural gas resources, the coal-based rotary kiln method has low production efficiency, and the rotary hearth furnace methods such as an Inmetco process, a Fastmet process, an irondynamic process, a Comet process and the like are difficult to expand in scale.
Energy conservation, consumption reduction and environmental protection in electric arc furnace steelmaking are always one of the core technologies of global electric arc furnace steelmaking technology development.
In a conventional steelmaking arc furnace, scrap is charged from the furnace roof in two to three times, and the scrap is melted by means of an arc generated between an electrode and the scrap. Therefore, the traditional electric arc furnace can only intermittently transmit power into the furnace, and the furnace cover is unscrewed for charging after a period of power failure, so that the productivity of the electric arc furnace is greatly reduced, and the heat loss and the energy consumption of the electric arc furnace are increased. Meanwhile, a large amount of smoke dust is discharged into the factory building during loading, so that the dust removal and environmental protection difficulty is increased. The intermittent electrode and the scrap steel generate an open arc, so that the damage degree of impact and noise to a power grid is increased, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction of high-temperature flue gas generated by steelmaking are important problems of electric arc furnace smelting, wherein the utilization of flue gas waste heat for preheating the scrap steel is widely paid attention to. A large amount of high-temperature smoke is generated in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, and the temperature of the smoke reaches more than 1000 DEG CThe smoke exhaust amount is up to 500-1200 m 3 /(h.t). The sensible heat of the flue gas is utilized to preheat the scrap steel, so that great economic benefits can be generated.
As is well known, scrap preheating is one of the development directions of energy saving technologies for electric arc furnace steelmaking, and in scrap preheating matched with an electric arc furnace, a horizontal continuous conveying mode and a shaft furnace mode are typical modes at present, and equipment such as an constel electric arc furnace (i.e. a Consteel electric arc furnace) and a grate-type shaft furnace electric arc furnace are used respectively.
Among them, the technology of preheating scrap steel by utilizing electric arc furnace flue gas is a technology studied at home and abroad for over twenty years, but due to the great technical difficulty, only a small number of schemes are put into practical use at present, and typically represent technologies such as Consteel (US 5400358-1992) finger shaft furnace (DE 4025294A 1-1992) and shaft side pushing charging (US 2007/0013112A 1) with vibration continuous charging.
The horizontal scrap steel preheating device is concerned by partial enterprises because the horizontal scrap steel preheating device has no excessively high requirement on the height of the factory building.
The typical horizontal continuous feed scrap preheating device is currently mainly a so-called continuous steelmaking electric arc furnace (consteer) introduced abroad.
Consteel (US 5400358-1992) is a horizontal continuous feeding technology, can realize arc-stabilizing smelting of an electric arc furnace, is environment-friendly, reduces electrode consumption, and can greatly reduce the production process cost of the electric arc furnace, but the method has the advantages that only upper materials are heated, so that the preheating effect of the scrap is poor, and the average energy-saving effect is only 25kwh per ton of steel according to domestic and foreign reports; in addition, as the heat exchange efficiency of the raw materials (scrap steel) is improved, the scrap steel in the conveying groove is stacked on the conveying belt to be thinner, the length of the preheating section is necessarily increased, the whole length of the equipment can reach 90-100 m, and the arrangement of workshops is very unfavorable; and the dynamic sealing leakage is serious, and the capacity requirement on fans and the like is high.
The hot flue gas of a Condi electric arc furnace flows in the preheating device against the scrap, and since the scrap cannot be filled in the horizontal preheating device, a large part of the gas flow flows in the upper part of the scrap layer, so that the preheating effect of the scrap at the bottom is poor, and a preheating tunnel with a length of 60 m is generally required for achieving higher heat exchange. Because the scrap steel contains chlorine-containing compounds, such as PVC and the like, in theory, the chlorine-containing compounds can generate dioxin when being incompletely combusted at the temperature lower than 800 ℃, particularly the dioxin is most easily generated when being incompletely combusted within the range of 300-500 ℃, and because the preheating tunnel of the Consdi furnace is longer, the temperature is continuously reduced after the heat exchange of hot flue gas and the scrap steel, the chlorine-containing compounds in the scrap steel can easily generate the dioxin when being incompletely combusted within the range of 300-500 ℃, and the environment is polluted. But it has inherent disadvantages: 1. although the inventor of the present invention considers that the Consteel process developed by the company can preheat the scrap to about 500 ℃, the Italian Dexing company of equipment suppliers can also publicize that the scrap can be preheated to 400-600 ℃, and the production practice of Kyoei Steel (namely Japanese Co-English Steel) company shows that the preheated scrap has uneven temperature (up-down low), the scrap temperature at 600-700 mm distance from the surface is less than 100 ℃, the energy-saving effect is only 25kwh/t Steel, and the heat transfer efficiency is very low. Production practice of using a Consteel electric arc furnace in China also proves that the equipment has low scrap steel preheating temperature and poor energy-saving effect. 2. The equipment is long, the total length of a preheating channel and a loading conveyor is about 60 meters, the occupied area is large, the installation of the equipment and the transformation of an old factory building are very difficult, and the one-time investment is high. 3. The air leakage rate is large, a large amount of wild air is mixed in the flue gas, so that the burden of a dust removing fan is increased, and the recycling of the flue gas waste heat is greatly avoided. 4. The feeding electromagnetic crane has very high operation rate, and some of the electromagnetic cranes reach more than 90 percent, and the production is sometimes influenced by the loading.
The finger shaft furnace electric arc furnace was developed and developed by FuCHS company in Germany in the beginning of the 90 th century, and is a typical electric arc furnace scrap preheating device, and the finger refers to a finger bracket which is opened and closed by a mechanical device and has one or more rows between the shaft furnace and an electric arc furnace communication interface. In the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, the preheating capacity of waste gas to the waste steel is fully utilized by directly adding the waste steel into the waste gas flow, the sensible heat of the flue gas is utilized, and meanwhile, the chemical energy of secondary combustion can be utilized by using combustible gas in the flue gas, so that the waste steel preheating technology with the material supporting device has good preheating energy-saving effect as long as 60-100 kwh per ton of steel due to the fact that the flue gas can penetrate through a waste steel layer, but the waste steel is damaged by the waste steel easily due to the direct impact of the waste steel on a finger bracket in the traditional shaft furnace, the equipment maintenance is increased, and the popularization and the use of the waste steel preheating technology are influenced. Meanwhile, as a certain amount of light and thin materials exist in the scrap steel, partial scrap steel is possibly melted under the condition of secondary combustion of combustible gas, so that the scrap steel in the shaft furnace is bonded, and the problem that the scrap steel of the shaft furnace cannot smoothly enter an electric arc furnace is caused. Therefore, the scrap steel is prevented from directly smashing the finger bracket, the impact of the scrap steel feeding process can be obviously reduced, and the maintenance of equipment is reduced. The FUCHS company also provides a new generation of FUCHS-COSS electric arc furnace, namely, the improvement of the shaft furnace is realized, an independent pushing system is used for replacing the original shaft, the pushing system is a water-free cooling system and is composed of cast iron plates, the influence on the smelting period due to water leakage of the shaft is avoided, but the mechanical structure is huge, and the operation is complex.
The vertical type electric arc furnace has the advantages of high heat efficiency, high scrap steel preheating temperature, high elevation of a factory building, huge equipment, high disposable investment and inadaptability to the transformation of the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking workshop. In the grate shaft furnace, hot flue gas of the electric arc furnace enters from the lower end of the shaft and exits from the upper end of the shaft. Thus, the cross section of the shaft is large enough to allow the hot flue gas to flow through the gaps between the scrap steel. In actual production, the water-cooled finger grate is easy to be broken by scrap steel and leaked or is blocked by scrap steel, the equipment cost is high, and the equipment maintenance amount is large, so that the grate-type shaft furnace is only partially used in the electric arc furnace steelmaking.
Transferring molten steel after electric arc furnace smelting to a ladle, and then transporting the ladle to a refining workshop by using a crown block or a railcar to refine the molten steel in the refining workshop; continuously transferring the ladle refined by the ladle to a vacuum refining process, and performing vacuum treatment by using vacuum equipment; the molten steel after the vacuum treatment is transported to a continuous casting workshop by a ladle, the molten steel in the ladle is transferred to a tundish, the molten steel in the tundish is poured into a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine, the molten steel is cooled and solidified in the crystallizer, a continuous casting billet is cooled secondarily after being pulled out of the crystallizer, flame cutting is carried out subsequently, and the cut continuous casting billet can be heated by a heating furnace and then transported to the steel rolling workshop.
The steel ladle is conveyed to a refining process from an electric arc furnace workshop, is conveyed to a vacuum treatment process from the refining process and is conveyed to a continuous casting process from the vacuum treatment process, the steel ladle is transported for a plurality of times, the temperature of the steel ladle has huge fluctuation, meanwhile, intermittent periodic production of a production rhythm is caused, the stability of continuous casting production is not facilitated, meanwhile, huge loss of heat of the steel is caused, the tapping temperature of the electric arc furnace is improved, the energy consumption of the electric arc furnace is improved, and the service life of the refractory material of the electric arc furnace is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method without transferring a ladle.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a steel-making apparatus comprising:
the preheating device is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet;
the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel tapping hole are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with the discharge hole, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell;
the refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the tapping hole;
the middle smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering component is arranged in the middle smelting device;
The continuous casting machine is provided with a charging hole and a tapping hole, and the charging hole is communicated with the outlet.
The steelmaking equipment comprises the refining device, wherein the refining device comprises a furnace body, a sealing cover, a refining electrode and a vacuum refining furnace, the upper end of the furnace body is opened to form the liquid inlet, the liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the furnace body, the sealing cover is arranged at the upper end of the furnace body in a sealing mode, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace can stretch into the furnace body, a rotary lifting mechanism is connected to the furnace body, the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are connected with the rotary lifting mechanism, and the rotary lifting mechanism can drive the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace to move up and down and horizontally rotate.
The steel-making equipment comprises the rotary lifting mechanism, wherein the rotary lifting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the furnace body, and the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are respectively connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in a rotatable mode through a connecting arm.
The steel-making equipment is characterized in that the liquid outlet is connected with a slide plate type control valve.
The steel-making apparatus as described above, wherein the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a second stirring device for stirring molten steel.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein a plasma burner is also provided within the intermediate smelter.
The steelmaking equipment comprises the filtering assembly and a slag blocking plate, wherein the slag blocking plate is arranged between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of through holes are formed in the slag blocking plate, and the filter is arranged in the through holes.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein said inlet communicates with said outlet through a long nozzle and an outlet end of said long nozzle extends into said intermediate smelter, said filter assembly further comprising a turbulence inhibitor attached to an inner wall of said intermediate smelter at a location corresponding to the outlet end of said long nozzle.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein the distance between the turbulence inhibitor and the outlet end of the long nozzle is less than or equal to 400mm.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein a flow detector is connected to the long nozzle.
The steel-making apparatus as described above, wherein a molten steel flow rate control device is provided in the intermediate smelting vessel at a position corresponding to the outlet.
The steelmaking equipment comprises the first stirring device, wherein the first stirring device comprises at least two spray guns which are arranged at intervals, the spray guns are connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell, the spray guns are arranged at intervals with the tapping holes, and the spray guns are connected with pipelines which can be connected with an external air source.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above, wherein the pipe is provided with a regulating valve.
The steel-making equipment is characterized in that the separable cover on the furnace shell is provided with a furnace cover, an observation hole is formed in the furnace cover, and a camera used for observing the inside of the furnace shell is arranged on the observation hole.
A steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein said preheating means comprises a shaft preheater comprising:
the feeding hole is arranged at the upper end of the vertical shaft, and the discharging hole is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the vertical shaft;
the discharger is arranged in the vertical shaft and can move relative to the vertical shaft, the discharger is provided with an upper surface inclined towards the discharge hole, a flue gas through hole is formed in the side wall of the discharger, facing towards the discharge hole, and the flue gas through hole is communicated with the upper part of the discharge hole and the feed hole of the electric arc furnace;
The guide roller is arranged at the discharge opening and can control the opening of the discharge opening.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein the preheating device further comprises a charge conveyor capable of vibrating the charge, and the discharge port is in communication with the feed port via the charge conveyor.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above wherein seals are provided between said discharger and said arc furnace, between said discharge opening and said charge conveyor, and between said feed opening and said charge conveyor.
The steelmaking equipment comprises a feeding port, a receiving hopper is arranged at the feeding port, the small diameter end of the receiving hopper is opposite to the feeding port, the small diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with a first sliding sealing plate, the first sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the receiving hopper, the large diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with a second sliding sealing plate, and the second sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the large diameter end of the receiving hopper.
The steel-making equipment comprises the preheating device, wherein the preheating device further comprises an inclined feeding mechanism for adding steel-making raw materials into the receiving hopper, the inclined feeding mechanism is arranged on one side of the vertical shaft and comprises a guide rail which is obliquely arranged, and a traction device and a tipping bucket are arranged on the guide rail.
The invention also provides a steelmaking method, which comprises the following steps:
putting the steelmaking raw materials into a preheating device for preheating treatment;
putting the preheated steelmaking raw materials into an electric arc furnace for melting treatment, and starting a stirring device to stir the materials in the electric arc furnace so as to melt the steelmaking raw materials into molten steel;
putting the molten steel formed after the melting treatment into a refining device for refining treatment;
directly putting the refined molten steel into a middle smelting device for filtering treatment;
and directly pouring the filtered molten steel into a continuous casting machine for cooling treatment so as to solidify the molten steel into a steel billet with a preset length.
The steel-making method as described above, wherein the steel-making raw materials include an iron-containing raw material that is at least one of iron-containing ore, iron scale, scrap steel, iron-containing dust, and iron-containing dust mud, and a flux that is at least one of quicklime, dolomite, and fluorite.
The steelmaking method as described above, wherein the electric arc furnace contains hot charged molten iron having a weight of less than or equal to 85% of the weight of the steelmaking material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the steelmaking equipment of the invention eliminates the transfer of a ladle, realizes continuous preheating of steelmaking raw materials, continuous heating electric furnace, continuous smelting of electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting, namely, the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, obviously shortens the production period, improves the production efficiency, saves energy and improves the product quality compared with the traditional intermittent production;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the molten steel at the falling position of the steelmaking raw material is stirred by the first stirring device arranged in the electric arc furnace, so that the flow of the molten steel is promoted, the melting of the steelmaking raw material is accelerated, the production efficiency is further improved, and the phenomenon that the local molten steel temperature is too low to solidify due to the fact that a large amount of heat is absorbed by the molten steel around the steelmaking raw material is avoided;
according to the steelmaking equipment, continuous feeding is realized by adopting a mode of combining the vertical shaft preheater and the furnace burden conveyor, the preheating effect of steelmaking raw materials is good, the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat of an electric arc furnace is improved, the smelting electricity consumption is effectively reduced, the energy is saved, and the production cost is reduced;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are driven to be exchanged and enter the refining device through the rotary lifting mechanism, so that the operation of two working procedures of electrode heating and vacuum refining at one station is realized, the process flow is obviously shortened, and meanwhile, a ladle refining process or a vacuum refining process can be independently selected according to steel types;
The steelmaking method realizes continuous preheating, continuous heating electric furnace, continuous smelting of electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting of steelmaking raw materials, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, and improves the production efficiency and the product quality.
Drawings
The following drawings are only for purposes of illustration and explanation of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steel making apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of an electric arc furnace, a refining apparatus and an intermediate smelter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an electric arc furnace and refining apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the intermediate smelter and the continuous casting machine;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the intermediate smelter;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the steelmaking process of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100. a preheating device;
110. a shaft; 111. a flue gas duct; 112. a flue gas analyzer; 113. a fuel lance; 114. a combustion-supporting oxygen lance; 115. a frame;
120. a discharger; 121. a discharging lifting mechanism; 1211. a connecting piece; 122. a flue gas through hole; 123. a discharge roller;
130. a guide roller; 131. a telescopic rod; 132. a swinging rod; 133. a roller;
140. A charge conveyor; 141. a feed chute;
150. a seal;
160. a receiving hopper; 161. a first sliding seal plate; 162. a second sliding seal plate;
170. tilting the feeding mechanism; 171. a guide rail; 172. a traction device; 173. a dump box; 174. a lifting vehicle; 175. a dumping mechanism; 176. a limit stop;
180. a base; 181. a limit locking structure;
200. an arc furnace;
210. a furnace shell; 211. a feed inlet; 212. tapping hole; 213. a cluster oxygen lance; 214. tilting means for the electric arc furnace;
220. a first stirring device; 221. a spray gun;
230. a furnace cover; 231. an electrode lifting device; 2311. a conductive cross arm; 2312. an electrode; 232. a furnace cover displacement device;
300. a refining device;
310. a furnace body; 311. a liquid inlet; 312. a liquid outlet; 313. a slide plate type control valve; 314. a second stirring device;
320. sealing cover; 321. perforating;
330. refining electrodes;
340. a vacuum refining furnace;
350. a rotary lifting mechanism; 351. a connecting arm;
400. an intermediate smelter;
410. an inlet; 411. a long water gap; 4111. a flow detector;
420. an outlet; 421. immersed long nozzle;
430. a slag trap; 431. a filter;
440. a turbulence suppressor;
450. A molten steel flow control device;
460. a plasma burner;
500. a continuous casting machine;
510. a crystallizer;
520. a secondary cooling zone;
530. straightening rollers;
600. steelmaking materials.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical solutions, objects and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein the use of the adjectives or adverbs modifiers "horizontal" and "vertical," "upper" and "lower," "top" and "bottom," "inner" and "outer" are merely for ease of reference relative among groups of terms, and do not describe any particular directional limitation on the modified term. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby features defining "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a steelmaking apparatus comprising a preheating device 100, an arc furnace 200, a refining device 300, an intermediate smelter 400 and a continuous casting machine 500, which are sequentially connected, in particular:
The preheating device 100 is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, the preheating device 100 can preheat a steelmaking raw material 600 (such as scrap steel or iron-containing raw material), the steelmaking raw material 600 enters the preheating device 100 through the feed port, and the steelmaking raw material 600 is discharged through the discharge port after preheating is finished;
the electric arc furnace 200 comprises a furnace shell 210, wherein a feed inlet 211 and a steel outlet 212 are arranged on the furnace shell 210, the feed inlet 211 is communicated with the discharge outlet, the steel-making raw material 600 discharged through the preheating device 100 can directly enter the furnace shell 210 through the feed inlet 211, the steel-making raw material 600 is melted into molten steel through the electric arc furnace 200, a first stirring device 220 for stirring the molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell 210, the first stirring device 220 can convey high-temperature molten steel near an electrode 2312 of the electric arc furnace 200 to a falling area of the steel-making raw material 600, the high-temperature molten steel continuously washes and heats the falling steel-making raw material 600, the molten steel cooled by the steel-making raw material 600 rises to a molten steel liquid level and flows to an electrode 2312 heating area, the low-temperature molten steel is heated by the electrode 2312, the heated high-temperature molten steel is conveyed to the falling area of the steel-making raw material 600 again, the temperature of the steel-making raw material 600 is promoted, and the temperature and the melting of the molten steel around the steel-making raw material 600 is promoted, and the phenomenon that the molten steel is solidified due to partial liquid steel is excessively low due to a large amount of heat absorption of the temperature of the steel-making raw material 600 is avoided;
The refining device 300 is provided with a liquid inlet 311 and a liquid outlet 312, the liquid inlet 311 is communicated with the steel outlet 212, molten steel formed by melting of the electric arc furnace 200 can directly enter the refining device 300 through the liquid inlet 311, the refining device 300 can refine the molten steel and accurately control impurities and alloy components in the molten steel, and the cleaning of the molten steel is realized, wherein the refining device 300 can adopt a ladle refining furnace, a VOD refining furnace or other forms of refining equipment, and the details are not repeated here;
the intermediate smelter 400 is provided with an inlet 410 and an outlet 420, the inlet 410 is communicated with the liquid outlet 312, a filtering component is arranged in the intermediate smelter 400, refined molten steel can directly flow into the intermediate smelter 400 through the inlet 410, the intermediate smelter 400 can filter the refined molten steel to remove impurities in the molten steel, and the molten steel is further purified;
the continuous casting machine 500 is provided with a feed port, the feed port is communicated with the outlet 420, purified molten steel can directly enter the continuous casting machine 500 through the feed port, the continuous casting machine 500 comprises a crystallizer 510 and a secondary cooling zone 520, the concrete structure of the continuous casting machine 500 is the prior art, the crystallizer 510 can cool down liquid molten steel, initial solidification of molten steel is realized, molten steel wrapped by a shell with a certain thickness enters the secondary cooling zone 520, cooling is continuously carried out in the secondary cooling zone 520 until all liquid molten steel connected with a billet core is solidified to form billets, and the billets can directly enter a hot rolling procedure for rolling, so that products with different sizes are produced.
Wherein, the electric arc furnace 200 adopts periodic operation, molten steel is discharged into the refining device 300 after one smelting period is completed, and the electric arc furnace 200 can carry out smelting of the next period, namely, the electric arc furnace 200 adopts a discontinuous tapping mode for production; the refining device 300 finishes refining in one refining period, molten steel after finishing refining is conveyed into the intermediate smelter 400, the intermediate smelter 400 and the continuous caster 500 adopt continuous production, and the molten steel capacity in the intermediate smelter 400 can meet the requirement that the refining device 300 can continuously convey molten steel to the continuous caster 500 in one refining period, so that continuous casting is realized.
It should be noted that the steelmaking apparatus may include two electric arc furnaces 200 connected in series, the former electric arc furnace 200 mainly implementing the scrap melting and dephosphorizing process, the latter electric arc furnace 200 implementing the desulfurization and decarburization process, and the latter electric arc furnace 200 being connected to the refining device 300 for refining, so as to implement the series process of dephosphorizing, decarburizing and desulfurizing processes of the electric arc furnace 200.
According to the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention, the preheating device 100, the electric arc furnace 200, the refining device 300, the intermediate smelter 400 and the continuous caster 500 are sequentially communicated, so that the transfer of a ladle is eliminated, the transportation equipment among workshop procedures is reduced, continuous preheating, continuous heating of an electric furnace, continuous smelting of an electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting of the steelmaking raw material 600 are realized, namely, the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, the production period is shortened, the first stirring device 220 is utilized to stir molten steel at the falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600, the flow of the molten steel is promoted, and the melting of the steelmaking raw material 600 is accelerated, so that the production efficiency is effectively improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the preheating device 100 includes a preheating device 100 including a shaft preheater including a shaft 110, a discharger 120, and a guide roller 130, wherein:
the outside of the vertical shaft 110 is connected with a frame 115, a feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the vertical shaft 110, a discharge outlet is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the vertical shaft 110, the concrete feed inlet can be closed, the upper end of the side wall of the vertical shaft 110 is connected with a flue gas pipeline 111, the flue gas pipeline 111 is connected with a flue gas analyzer 112 for detecting flue gas components, the concrete structure of the flue gas analyzer 112 and the use principle thereof are the prior art, which are not repeated here, a fuel spray gun 113 and a combustion-supporting oxygen gun 114 are arranged in the vertical shaft 110, the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen gun 114 are both positioned below the feed inlet and above the discharger 120, in particular, a spray gun base is arranged on the inner wall of the vertical shaft 110, the spray gun base can horizontally stretch and retract relative to the vertical shaft 110, the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen gun 114 can be rotatably connected to a spray gun base, so that the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen gun 114 can swing within a certain range, the fuel spray oxygen or other fuels can be used for preheating the steelmaking raw materials 600, and also can be used for cutting the raw materials 600 stacked in the vertical shaft 110, and the combustible gas can be prevented from releasing the flame and the combustible materials 221 in the harmful gas in the vertical shaft 110;
The discharger 120 is arranged in the vertical shaft 110 and can move relative to the vertical shaft 110, the discharger 120 is provided with an upper surface inclined towards the discharge opening, in particular, the upper end of the discharger 120 is provided with a plurality of discharge rollers 123, the discharge rollers 123 are uniformly distributed at intervals and form the upper surface of the discharger 120, the upper surface forms an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the horizontal plane, so that the steelmaking raw material 600 can smoothly move towards the discharge opening, the side wall of the discharger 120 towards the discharge opening is provided with a flue gas through hole 122, the flue gas through hole 122 is communicated with the upper part of the discharger 120 above the feed opening 211 of the electric arc furnace 200, flue gas in the electric arc furnace 200 can sequentially flow into the upper part of the discharger 120 through the feed opening 211, the discharge opening and the flue gas through hole 122, and flow into the upper part of the discharger 120 through gaps between two adjacent discharge rollers 123, so as to exchange heat with the steelmaking raw material 600 above the discharger 120, cooled flue gas after heat exchange is discharged through the flue gas pipeline 111, the steelmaking raw material 600 with the temperature rising can enter the electric arc furnace 200 for melting, the lower part of the discharger 120 is connected with a lifting mechanism 121 through a connecting piece 1211, and the lifting mechanism 121 can move relative to the discharger 120 along the vertical shaft 120;
the guide roll 130 is arranged at the discharge opening, the guide roll 130 can control the opening of the discharge opening, specifically, the guide roll 130 comprises a telescopic rod 131, a swinging rod 132 and a roll 133, one end of the telescopic rod 131 is hinged with a frame 115 of the vertical shaft 110, the other end of the telescopic rod 131 is hinged with the rotation center of the roll 133, one end of the swinging rod 132 is hinged with the frame 115 of the vertical shaft 110, the other end of the swinging rod 132 is hinged with the rotation center of the guide roll 130, one end of the telescopic rod 131 is arranged with one end of the swinging rod 132 in a staggered mode, the discharger 120 can regulate the position of the steelmaking raw material 600 in the vertical shaft 110 in the height direction, the guide roll 130 can control the opening of the discharge opening, different discharge speeds are achieved through the combined action of the discharger 120 and the guide roll 130, and the roll 133 can seal the discharge opening so as to achieve the purpose of stopping feeding.
It should be noted that, in order to facilitate adjusting the position of the vertical shaft 110 preheater, the vertical shaft 110 preheater is disposed on the base 180, specifically, the frame 115 and the unloading lifting mechanism 121 are both connected to the base 180, and the position of the vertical shaft 110 preheater is adjusted by adjusting the height of the base 180, so that the feed inlet 211 can be smoothly connected to the discharge outlet.
Of course, the arc furnace 200, the refining apparatus 300, and the intermediate smelter 400 may be provided on the base 180 so as to adjust the positions of the arc furnace 200, the refining apparatus 300, and the intermediate smelter 400 to enable smooth flow of molten steel.
Further, the preheating device 100 further comprises a furnace burden conveyor 140 capable of vibrating and conveying materials, a material outlet is communicated with the material inlet 211 through the furnace burden conveyor 140, specifically, the furnace burden conveyor 140 is located above the base 180 and is fixed on the base 180 through a limiting and locking structure 181, so that the condition that the material feeding groove 141 moves in the feeding process is avoided, the limiting and locking structure 181 can be a limiting block or a chain, two ends of the material feeding groove 141 of the furnace burden conveyor 140 respectively extend into the material outlet and the material inlet 211, the material feeding groove 141 adopts a telescopic structural design, and when the furnace burden conveyor 140 cannot meet the throwing position requirement of the steelmaking raw material 600, the dynamic adjustment of the throwing position of the steelmaking raw material 600 is realized by adjusting the length of the material feeding groove 141; the feeding chute 141 can adopt a mechanical vibration mode to horizontally convey the steelmaking raw material 600, and can also adopt a grate mode to convey the steelmaking raw material; the furnace burden conveyor 140 adopts a variable frequency motor to realize dynamic adjustment of the vibration amplitude and frequency of the feeding groove 141, meets the requirements of different feeding speeds, and controls the feeding capacity to be 0.4 ton/min-4.5 ton/min; the chute 141 can adopt U-shaped structure, and is protruding into the field font along U-shaped inslot wall processing simultaneously, increases the frictional force of chute 141 to steelmaking raw materials 600, avoids the skidding and the rolling of steelmaking raw materials 600, adopts the mode that shaft preheater and horizontal vibration's burden conveyer 140 combine, realizes continuous feeding, and steelmaking raw materials 600 preheats effectually, has improved the utilization ratio of the flue gas waste heat of electric arc furnace 200, has effectively reduced the electricity consumption of smelting, has practiced thrift the energy, has reduced manufacturing cost.
Still further, sealing members 150 are disposed between the discharger 120 and the arc furnace 200, between the discharge opening and the charge conveyor 140, and between the feed opening 211 and the charge conveyor 140, and specifically, the sealing members 150 may be made of flexible materials such as refractory cotton and refractory fiber, and the sealing members 150 are utilized to perform flexible sealing, so as to avoid flue gas overflow.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the feed inlet is provided with a receiving funnel 160, the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is opposite to the feed inlet, the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is connected with a first sliding sealing plate 161, the first sliding sealing plate 161 can control the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160, the large diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is connected with a second sliding sealing plate 162, the second sliding sealing plate 162 can control the opening and closing of the large diameter end of the receiving funnel 160, the receiving funnel 160 can close the feed inlet, when in use, the second sliding sealing plate 162 is opened, the first sliding sealing plate 161 is closed, the steelmaking raw material 600 is added into the receiving funnel 160, meanwhile, the discharger 120 is lifted to the highest position, then the second sliding sealing plate 162 is closed, the first sliding sealing plate 161 is opened, the steelmaking raw material 600 gradually falls to the lower section of the shaft 110, a stacking area is formed, the subsequently falling raw material 600 gradually falls onto the previously falling steelmaking raw material 600, and double flue gas is prevented from overflowing during the process of adding the steelmaking raw material 600 into the shaft 110.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, to facilitate the transportation of the steelmaking raw material 600, the preheating device 100 further includes a tilting feeding mechanism 170 for feeding the steelmaking raw material 600 into the receiving hopper 160, the tilting feeding mechanism 170 is disposed at one side of the shaft 110, the tilting feeding mechanism 170 includes a guide rail 171 disposed in a tilting manner, one end of the guide rail 171 is disposed at a ground stacking position, the other end of the guide rail 171 is disposed above the receiving hopper 160, a traction device 172 and a skip 173 are disposed on the guide rail 171, the traction device 172 is disposed at an upper end of the guide rail 171, the skip 173 is connected with the traction device 172 through a lift truck 174, a dumping mechanism 175 is disposed on the lift truck 174, the dumping mechanism 175 can jack up the skip 173 back to one side of the receiving hopper 160, so that the steelmaking raw material 600 in the skip 173 can be dumped into the receiving hopper 160, a limit stop 176 is disposed at a position on the guide rail 171 corresponding to the receiving hopper 160, and the limit stop 176 can limit the displacement of the lift truck 174.
Of course, the continuous feeding can also be performed by adopting a grate device, and the specific working principle of the grate device is the prior art and is not described herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the first stirring device 220 comprises at least two spray guns 221 arranged at intervals, specifically, at least one spray gun 221 is arranged at a falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600, at least one spray gun 221 is arranged at a falling position far away from the steelmaking raw material 600, the spray gun 221 is connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210, the spray gun 221 is arranged at intervals with the tapping hole 212, air bricks are paved at an outlet position of the spray gun 221, a pipeline (not shown in the figure) which can be connected with an external air source is connected to the spray gun 221,specifically, the pipeline is arranged on the bottom surface of the shell, and the external air source can be argon, nitrogen, oxygen and CO 2 、O 2 With CO 2 Mixed gas or other inert gas.
Further, a regulating valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the pipeline, the regulating valve regulates the flow area of the pipeline, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, four spray guns 221 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell 210, the four spray guns 221 are respectively a first spray gun, a second spray gun, a third spray gun and a fourth spray gun, the gas flow rates of the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun are determined according to the distribution position of the steelmaking raw material 600 falling to the bottom of the furnace shell 210, if the steelmaking raw material 600 is mainly distributed in the area close to the first spray gun, the pipeline communicated with the first spray gun can be selectively opened, the flow of high-temperature molten steel to the position of the first spray gun is promoted, and the melting of the steelmaking raw material 600 is promoted; if the steelmaking raw material 600 is mainly distributed in the areas of the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun, the pipelines communicated with the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun are selectively opened, so that a large molten steel flowing and stirring function is realized, the high-temperature molten steel is promoted to quickly melt the steelmaking raw material 600, the phenomenon of shell coagulation on the surface layer of the steelmaking raw material 600 is reduced, and the fourth spray gun is mainly used for stirring the molten steel in an electric furnace molten pool and promoting the flow of the molten steel.
In addition, a flow meter may be provided on the conduit to facilitate accurate or precise passage of the gas into the electric arc furnace 200.
Still further, a detachable cover on the furnace shell 210 is provided with a furnace cover 230, the furnace cover 230 is provided with an observation hole (not shown in the figure), the observation hole is provided with a camera (not shown in the figure) for observing the inside of the furnace shell 210, and the falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600 is observed through the camera, so that a proper regulating valve can be timely controlled to be opened according to the actual falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600, and the rapid melting of the steelmaking raw material 600 by high-temperature molten steel is promoted.
In addition, a coherent oxygen lance 213 is further disposed in the furnace shell 210, and the electric arc furnace 200 further includes an electrode 2312, a conductive cross arm 2311, an electrode lifting device 231, a furnace cover 230 displacement device and an electric arc furnace tilting device 214, and the specific connection structure and the use principle of the above components are similar to those of the electric arc furnace 200 in the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein;
as shown in fig. 3, the oxygen lance 213 is movably connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210, the oxygen lance 213 can swing, and can also move close to or away from the furnace shell, the oxygen lance 213 can be connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210 through a telescopic tube, the oxygen lance 213 is hinged to the telescopic tube, the oxygen lance 213 can also be movably connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210 in other manners, and carbon powder can be sprayed into the furnace shell 210 through the oxygen lance 213.
In one specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the refining apparatus 300 comprises a furnace body 310, a sealing cover 320, a refining electrode 330 and a vacuum refining furnace 340, wherein the upper end of the furnace body 310 is opened to form a liquid inlet 311, a liquid outlet 312 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320 can be arranged at the upper end of the furnace body 310, both the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 can extend into the furnace body 310, a through hole 321 for inserting the refining electrode 330 is arranged on the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 can be inserted into the furnace body 310 through the through hole 321, a rotary lifting mechanism 350 is connected to the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are all connected with the rotary lifting mechanism 350, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 can drive the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 to move up and down and horizontally, when the refining electrode 330 heats the alloying element for alloying, the rotating and lifting mechanism 350 firstly lifts the refining electrode 330 out of the furnace body 310 and rotates to a refining electrode parking position, then the sealing cover 320 is lifted upwards to separate the sealing cover 320 from the furnace body 310, and the sealing cover 320 rotates to the sealing cover parking position, finally the vacuum refining furnace 340 is rotated to the upper part of the furnace body 310 and is opposite to the working station, then the height of the vacuum refining furnace 340 is reduced, the vacuum refining furnace 340 is used for vacuum refining of molten steel, the vacuum refining furnace 340 is preferably used for vacuum refining equipment in RH or DH type, the gas circulation lifting device is used for lifting and vacuum degassing of molten steel, and the vacuum equipment is used for removing the dissolution [ H ], [ N ], [ O ] in the molten steel so as to reduce the gas content in the molten steel.
When the refining electrode 300 needs to be reused, the vacuum refining furnace 340 is moved to the refining furnace parking position by rotating the lifting mechanism 350, the sealing cover 320 is moved to the upper end of the furnace body 310, and the refining electrode 330 can be inserted into the furnace body 310 through the through hole 321.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 includes a hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the drawing), the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are respectively connected with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in a rotatable manner through a connecting arm 351, the piston rod can vertically extend upwards out of the cylinder body and also retract into the cylinder body, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are driven to move up and down through the telescopic movement of the piston rod, the upper end of the piston rod is rotatably connected with three connecting arms 351, the free ends of the three connecting arms 351 are respectively connected with the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340, wherein the upper part of the piston rod can be connected with a gear matching mechanism of an external gear and an internal gear ring, the connecting arms 351 can rotate relative to the piston rod through the gear matching mechanism, the gear matching mechanism is the prior art, and the connecting arms 351 and the piston rod can be connected with each other through hinges.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a slide control valve 313 is connected to the liquid outlet 312, and the specific structure of the slide control valve 313 is the prior art, which will not be described herein, and the amount of molten steel discharged from the refining apparatus 300 is controlled by adjusting the opening of the slide control valve 313, so that the molten steel is stably conveyed in a state meeting the requirement of the subsequent process.
Further, a second stirring device 314 for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 310, the specific structure of the second stirring device 314 is the same as that of the first stirring device 220, and not described in detail herein, the second stirring device 314 can promote the circulation of molten steel in the furnace body 310, and the second stirring device 314 is located in a 1/6-1/3 area of the horizontal length of the furnace body 310.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, a plasma burner 460 is further disposed in the intermediate smelting device 400, and the specific structure of the plasma burner 460 is the prior art, which is not described herein, and the plasma burner 460 can perform temperature rising control on molten steel in the intermediate smelting device 400 to eliminate a local low temperature area in the intermediate smelting device 400, so as to uniform the temperature of the molten steel.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the filtering assembly includes at least one slag trap 430, the slag trap 430 is disposed between the inlet 410 and the outlet 420, preferably, the slag trap 430 is disposed around the outside of the inlet 410, the slag trap 430 may be annular or plate-shaped, or semi-annular, the slag trap 430 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the through holes are provided with a filter 431 therein, and the filter 431 can capture inclusions in molten steel and further purify the molten steel.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the inlet 410 is communicated with the liquid outlet 312 through the long water gap 411, and the outlet 420 end of the long water gap 411 extends into the intermediate smelter 400, specifically, the long water gap 411 is connected at the liquid outlet 312, and the long water gap 411 extends into the intermediate smelter 400, molten steel discharged from the refining apparatus 300 enters the intermediate smelter 400 through the long water gap 411, the filtering component further comprises a turbulence suppressor 440, the turbulence suppressor 440 is connected to the inner wall of the intermediate smelter 400 at the position corresponding to the outlet end of the long water gap 411, molten steel entering the intermediate smelter 400 through the long water gap 411 can directly fall to the turbulence suppressor 440, and the turbulence suppressor 440 can enable molten steel to flow smoothly at the bottom of the intermediate smelter 400 so as to avoid large splashing and liquid level fluctuation, wherein the specific structure and working principle of the turbulence suppressor 440 are all the prior art, and are not repeated herein.
Still further, the distance between the turbulence inhibitor 440 and the outlet 420 end of the long nozzle 411 is less than or equal to 400mm to ensure a flow control effect of the turbulence inhibitor 440.
Still further, the long nozzle 411 is connected with a flow detector 4111, and the flow detector 4111 can accurately measure the flow of molten steel in the long nozzle 411, so that the opening of the slide plate control valve 313 of the refining device 300 can be adjusted in real time according to the flow of molten steel in the long nozzle 411, so as to ensure stable transportation of molten steel in a state meeting the requirement of the subsequent process.
Further, the position of the middle smelter 400 corresponding to the outlet 420 is provided with a molten steel flow control device 450, the molten steel flow control device 450 can move up and down relative to the middle smelter 400, the flowing speed and flow rate of molten steel are controlled by adjusting the size of a gap between the bottom of the molten steel flow control device 450 and the outlet 420, so as to realize the control of the molten steel flow rate, wherein the concrete structure of the molten steel flow control device 450 is the prior art, and is not described in detail herein, in the steelmaking process, the control of the molten steel flow rate entering the continuous casting machine 500 is realized by lifting the molten steel flow control device 450, and meanwhile, the opening degree of the slide plate control valve 313 of the refining device 300 is coordinated, so that the molten steel flow rate entering the middle smelter 400 from the refining device 300 is equal to the molten steel flow rate of the molten steel discharged from the middle smelter 400, the molten steel in the middle smelter 400 is ensured to be constant, the fluctuation of the molten steel level in the middle smelter 400 is avoided, and the concrete deviation between the inflow amount and the outflow amount of molten steel in the middle smelter 400 is allowed to be Xu Zhongjian in the actual production, the molten steel level is allowed to be within the range of 100mm, so that the dynamic stability of the molten steel flow rate after the continuous smelting process is realized by the middle smelter 400.
It should be noted that the intermediate smelting vessel may have a plurality of outlets 420 arranged at intervals, and each outlet 420 is provided with a molten steel flow control device 450 to meet the simultaneous pouring requirement of the multi-stream continuous casting apparatus.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention also provides a steelmaking method employing the above steelmaking apparatus, the steelmaking method comprising the steps of:
step 210: the steelmaking raw material 600 is put into the preheating device 100 for preheating treatment, specifically, the steelmaking raw material 600 is put into the tipping bucket 173, the lifting car 174 is lifted by the traction device 172, the lifting car 174 ascends along the guide rail 171, when the lifting car 174 ascends to the limit stop, the limit stop 176 is used for stopping the lifting car 174 from continuing to ascend, the second sliding sealing plate 162 at the upper part of the receiving hopper 160 is opened, the tipping mechanism 175 is driven to tip the tipping bucket 173, the steelmaking raw material 600 is tipped into the receiving hopper 160, the tipping bucket 173 is restored to the horizontal position by the tipping mechanism again, the lifting car 174 is descended to the lowest position by the traction device 172, and the next charging is carried out; then closing the second sliding sealing plate 162, opening the first sliding sealing plate 161, gradually dropping the steelmaking raw material 600 to the lower section of the shaft 110, forming a stacking area, gradually dropping the subsequent steelmaking raw material 600 above the previously dropped steelmaking raw material 600, and finally closing the first sliding sealing plate 161, preheating the stacked steelmaking raw material 600 through flue gas generated by the electric arc furnace 200;
Step 220: the preheated steelmaking raw material 600 is put into the electric arc furnace 200 for melting treatment, and a stirring device is started to stir liquid in the electric arc furnace 200, so that the steelmaking raw material 600 is melted into molten steel, specifically, the steelmaking raw material 600 preheated to a preset temperature steadily falls to the furnace burden conveyor 140 through the rotation of the discharging roller 123 under the control of the discharger 120, the furnace burden conveyor 140 determines corresponding conveying speed according to the production process requirement, uniform and stable conveying of furnace burden is realized, the heating quantity of the steelmaking raw material 600 required by the smelting period of the electric arc furnace 200 is met, meanwhile, the steelmaking raw material 600 is controlled to be uniformly distributed in a falling area, meanwhile, the first stirring device 220 is started, the flow of molten steel is promoted by utilizing the first stirring device 220, the molten steel is continuously heated by utilizing the electrode 2312, the rapid flow of high-temperature molten steel to the falling area of the steelmaking raw material 600 is realized, and the rapid melting of the steelmaking raw material is promoted, wherein the specific structure and the working principle of the first stirring device 220 are described above and are not repeated;
step 230: the molten steel formed after the melting treatment is put into a refining device 300 for refining treatment, specifically, molten steel meeting the process requirements is continuously conveyed into the refining device 300 from a tapping hole 212 of an electric arc furnace 200, a second stirring device 314 in the refining device 300 is started, molten steel in the refining device 300 is stirred by using the second stirring device 314, circulation flow of molten steel is realized, homogenization of temperature and components is realized, meanwhile, a refining electrode 330 is inserted into a furnace body 310 through a perforation 321 of a sealing cover 320 through a rotary lifting mechanism 350, a power supply of the refining electrode 330 is started, the refining electrode 330 is used for heating the molten steel in the refining device 300, meanwhile, alloy materials are added into the refining device 300, so that molten steel alloy elements reach preset requirements, when the molten steel is required to be subjected to vacuum treatment, after the alloy elements are heated by the refining electrode 330, the refining electrode 330 is lifted out from the furnace body 310 and is rotated to a parking position of the refining electrode 330, the sealing cover 320 is lifted upwards to separate the sealing cover 320 from the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320 is rotated to a parking position of the furnace body 320, finally, the vacuum refining furnace 340 is rotated to the position above the sealing cover 320 and is just opposite to the working furnace, and then the vacuum refining position is not described by the rotary lifting mechanism 340, and the vacuum refining mechanism is not described in detail above;
Step 240: the refined molten steel is directly put into the intermediate smelter 400 for filtering treatment, specifically, the molten steel meeting the process requirements enters the intermediate smelter 400 according to a preset flow rate under the control of a slide plate control valve 313 arranged at a liquid outlet 312 and a flow detector 4111 arranged on a long water gap 411, the molten steel entering the intermediate smelter 400 firstly controls the turbulence of the molten steel discharged by the long water gap 411 by using a turbulence inhibitor 440, reduces the impact of the molten steel, reduces the phenomena of slag and the like of the molten steel, improves the quality of the molten steel, filters and removes impurities in the molten steel through a filter 431 on a slag baffle 430, further purifies the molten steel, and finally controls the quantity of the molten steel flowing out of the intermediate smelter 400 by adjusting the size of a gap between the bottom of a molten steel flow control device 450 and the outlet 420 so as to meet the continuity and stability of the molten steel flow rate;
step 250: directly pouring the filtered molten steel into a continuous casting machine 500 for cooling treatment so as to solidify the molten steel into billets with preset length, specifically, pouring the molten steel discharged through an outlet 420 into a crystallizer 510 of the continuous casting machine 500 through a submerged nozzle, solidifying the molten steel into a billet shell with a certain thickness in the crystallizer 510, leaving the solidified billet shell and part of the liquid molten steel from the crystallizer 510 under the action of pulling a billet by a straightening roller 530, spraying water for cooling the continuous casting billet in a secondary cooling area 520 until the liquid molten steel in the billet shell is completely solidified, and cutting the solidified continuous casting billet into billets with preset length;
Of course, the billet produced can be directly sent to a hot rolling process for rolling, and steel products with different specifications and sizes can be produced.
The steelmaking method realizes continuous preheating, continuous heating electric furnace, continuous smelting of electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting of the steelmaking raw material 600, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, compared with the traditional intermittent production, the production period can be obviously shortened, the production efficiency can be improved, the energy can be saved, and the product quality can be improved.
Further, the steelmaking material 600 includes an iron-containing material and a flux, the iron-containing material is at least one of iron-containing ore, iron scale, scrap steel, iron-containing dust and iron-containing dust mud, the flux is at least one of quicklime, dolomite and fluorite, the proportion of the iron-containing ore, iron scale, iron-containing dust and iron-containing dust mud is not limited if the iron-containing material is a mixture, and the proportion of the quicklime, dolomite and fluorite is not limited if the flux is a mixture.
Further, the electric arc furnace 200 is internally provided with hot charged molten iron, the weight of the hot charged molten iron is less than or equal to 85% of the weight of the steelmaking raw material 600, and the consumption of the steelmaking raw material 600 is reduced by arranging the hot charged molten iron in the electric arc furnace 200, and meanwhile, the hot charged molten iron carries a large amount of physical heat, so that the smelting period can be obviously shortened, and the yield of the electric arc furnace 200 can be improved.
In summary, the steelmaking equipment of the invention omits the transfer of the ladle, realizes continuous preheating, continuous heating electric furnace, continuous smelting of electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting of steelmaking raw materials, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, obviously shortens the production period, improves the production efficiency, saves energy and improves the product quality compared with the traditional intermittent production;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the molten steel at the falling position of the steelmaking raw material is stirred by the first stirring device arranged in the electric arc furnace, so that the flow of the molten steel is promoted, the melting of the steelmaking raw material is accelerated, the production efficiency is further improved, and the phenomenon that the local molten steel temperature is too low to solidify due to the fact that a large amount of heat is absorbed by the molten steel around the steelmaking raw material is avoided;
according to the steelmaking equipment, continuous feeding is realized by adopting a mode of combining the vertical shaft preheater and the furnace burden conveyor, the preheating effect of steelmaking raw materials is good, the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat of an electric arc furnace is improved, the smelting electricity consumption is effectively reduced, the energy is saved, and the production cost is reduced;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are driven to be exchanged and enter the refining device through the rotary lifting mechanism, so that the operation of two working procedures of electrode heating and vacuum refining at one station is realized, the process flow is obviously shortened, and meanwhile, a ladle refining process or a vacuum refining process can be independently selected according to steel types;
The steelmaking method realizes continuous preheating, continuous heating electric furnace, continuous smelting of electric furnace, continuous refining and continuous casting of steelmaking raw materials, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, and improves the production efficiency and the product quality.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of this invention, and are intended to be within the scope of this invention. It should be noted that, the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned overall application, and each technical feature described in the specification of the present invention may be selected to be used singly or in combination according to actual needs, so that other combinations and specific applications related to the present invention are naturally covered by the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. A steelmaking apparatus, characterized in that the steelmaking apparatus comprises:
the preheating device is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet;
the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel tapping hole are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with the discharge hole, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell;
The refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the tapping hole;
the middle smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering component is arranged in the middle smelting device;
the continuous casting machine is provided with a feed opening and a tapping hole, and the feed opening is communicated with the outlet;
the refining device comprises a furnace body, a sealing cover, a refining electrode and a vacuum refining furnace, wherein the upper end of the furnace body is opened to form the liquid inlet, the liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the furnace body, the sealing cover is arranged at the upper end of the furnace body, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace can extend into the furnace body, the furnace body is connected with a rotary lifting mechanism, the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are connected with the rotary lifting mechanism, and the rotary lifting mechanism can drive the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace to move up and down and horizontally rotate; and driving the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace to exchange and enter the refining device through the rotary lifting mechanism.
2. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
The rotary lifting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the furnace body, and the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are respectively connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in a rotatable mode through a connecting arm.
3. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
and the liquid outlet is connected with a slide plate type control valve.
4. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a second stirring device for stirring molten steel.
5. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
and a plasma burner is also arranged in the intermediate smelting device.
6. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the filter assembly comprises at least one slag baffle, the slag baffle is arranged between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of through holes are formed in the slag baffle, and a filter is arranged in each through hole.
7. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 6, wherein,
the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet through a long water gap, the outlet end of the long water gap stretches into the middle smelting device, the filtering assembly further comprises a turbulence inhibitor, and the turbulence inhibitor is connected to the inner wall of the middle smelting device at the position corresponding to the outlet end of the long water gap.
8. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 7, wherein,
the distance between the turbulence inhibitor and the outlet end of the long nozzle is less than or equal to 400mm.
9. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 7, wherein,
and the long water gap is connected with a flow detector.
10. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
and a molten steel flow control device is arranged at a position corresponding to the outlet in the intermediate smelting device.
11. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the first stirring device comprises at least two spray guns which are arranged at intervals, the spray guns are connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell, the spray guns are arranged at intervals with the steel tapping holes, and the spray guns are connected with pipelines which can be connected with an external air source.
12. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 11, wherein,
and the pipeline is provided with a regulating valve.
13. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 12, wherein,
the detachable cover on the furnace shell is provided with a furnace cover, an observation hole is formed in the furnace cover, and a camera used for observing the inside of the furnace shell is arranged on the observation hole.
14. A steel-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
the preheating device comprises a vertical shaft preheater, and the vertical shaft preheater comprises:
the feeding hole is arranged at the upper end of the vertical shaft, and the discharging hole is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the vertical shaft;
the discharger is arranged in the vertical shaft and can move relative to the vertical shaft, the discharger is provided with an upper surface inclined towards the discharge hole, a flue gas through hole is formed in the side wall of the discharger, facing towards the discharge hole, and the flue gas through hole is communicated with the upper part of the discharge hole and the feed hole of the electric arc furnace;
the guide roller is arranged at the discharge opening and can control the opening of the discharge opening.
15. A steel-making apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein,
the preheating device further comprises a furnace burden conveyor capable of vibrating and conveying materials, and the discharging port is communicated with the feeding port through the furnace burden conveyor.
16. A steel-making apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein,
sealing elements are arranged between the discharger and the electric arc furnace, between the discharge opening and the furnace charge conveyor and between the feed opening and the furnace charge conveyor.
17. A steel-making apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein,
the feeding port is provided with a receiving hopper, the small diameter end of the receiving hopper is opposite to the feeding port, the small diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with a first sliding sealing plate, the first sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the receiving hopper, the large diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with a second sliding sealing plate, and the second sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the large diameter end of the receiving hopper.
18. A steel-making apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein,
the preheating device further comprises an inclined feeding mechanism for adding steelmaking raw materials into the receiving hopper, the inclined feeding mechanism is arranged on one side of the vertical shaft and comprises an inclined guide rail, and a traction device and a tipping bucket are arranged on the guide rail.
19. A steelmaking process employing a steelmaking apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the steelmaking process comprises the steps of:
putting the steelmaking raw materials into a preheating device for preheating treatment;
putting the preheated steelmaking raw materials into an electric arc furnace for melting treatment, and starting a stirring device to stir the materials in the electric arc furnace so as to melt the steelmaking raw materials into molten steel;
Putting the molten steel formed after the melting treatment into a refining device for refining treatment;
directly putting the refined molten steel into a middle smelting device for filtering treatment;
and directly pouring the filtered molten steel into a continuous casting machine for cooling treatment so as to solidify the molten steel into a steel billet with a preset length.
20. A steel-making method according to claim 19, wherein,
the steelmaking raw materials comprise iron-containing raw materials and flux, wherein the iron-containing raw materials are at least one of iron-containing ores, iron scales, scrap steel, iron-containing dust and iron-containing dust mud, and the flux is at least one of quicklime, dolomite and fluorite.
21. A steel-making method according to claim 19, wherein,
the electric arc furnace is internally provided with hot charged molten iron, and the weight of the hot charged molten iron is less than or equal to 85 percent of the weight of the steelmaking raw material.
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| EP3892947B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2022-01-12 | Badische Stahl-Engineering GmbH | Device and method for maintaining the tap hole of an electric arc furnace |
| JP7259803B2 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-04-18 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Manufacturing method of molten iron by electric furnace |
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| CN111893246B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-10-01 | 浙江友谊新材料有限公司 | Steel ladle assembly for transferring and purifying molten steel |
| CN112094983A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-18 | 山东润金重工科技有限公司 | Method and device for refining scrap steel |
| CN115125359B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2024-01-09 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method and system for steelmaking by hot charging and hot feeding of metallized pellets of rotary hearth furnace |
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