CN110922163A - Process formula of environment-friendly ceramic product - Google Patents
Process formula of environment-friendly ceramic product Download PDFInfo
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- CN110922163A CN110922163A CN201911184332.9A CN201911184332A CN110922163A CN 110922163 A CN110922163 A CN 110922163A CN 201911184332 A CN201911184332 A CN 201911184332A CN 110922163 A CN110922163 A CN 110922163A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 desulfurizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9661—Colour
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, relates to a process formula of an environment-friendly ceramic product, and particularly relates to a porcelain wall and floor tile and a preparation method thereof. The invention relates to a porcelain wall and floor tile which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52-68 parts of ceramic tile waste, 1-2 parts of coal-water slurry slag, 30-50 parts of waste mud and 15-20 parts of clay; the waste sludge is dry sludge obtained by drying sludge generated in the ceramic wastewater treatment process; the ceramic tile waste is waste ceramic tiles and/or polishing waste residues. The formula of the porcelain wall and floor tile provided by the invention mainly comprises solid waste materials, the mass content of the porcelain wall and floor tile reaches more than 70%, the recycling amount of the solid waste materials is effectively increased, the pressure of ceramic enterprises on treating the solid waste materials is relieved, and a new method is provided for realizing zero emission of solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramics, relates to a process formula of an environment-friendly ceramic product, and particularly relates to a porcelain wall and floor tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of the ceramic industry, the amount of generated solid waste materials is increased gradually, which not only causes great pressure on the environment, but also influences the sustainable development of the ceramic industry. Therefore, the treatment and utilization of solid waste materials are very important. The production of ceramic tiles by using solid waste materials is one of the ways of realizing the recycling of the solid waste materials. However, most of the solid waste materials are clinker which is sintered at high temperature, so that the solid waste materials have obvious ridge characteristics (namely low plasticity), the using amount of the solid waste materials in the ceramic tile production process does not exceed 10-15% (wt%), and the utilization rate of the solid waste materials is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a porcelain wall and floor tile to solve the problem of low utilization rate of solid waste materials in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, and the preparation method has high yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the porcelain wall and floor tile is as follows:
a porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 52-68 parts of ceramic tile waste, 1-2 parts of coal-water slurry slag, 30-50 parts of waste mud and 15-20 parts of clay; the waste sludge is dry sludge obtained by drying sludge generated in the ceramic wastewater treatment process; the ceramic tile waste is waste ceramic tiles and/or polishing waste residues.
When the ceramic tile waste is waste ceramic tiles and polishing waste residues, the mass portion of the waste ceramic tiles is 50-60 parts, and the mass portion of the polishing waste residues is 2-8 parts.
Wherein the polishing waste residue is waste generated in a series of working procedures of milling, leveling, coarse grinding, fine grinding, polishing and the like of the polishing brick, and the granularity is about 0.3-0.5 mm; the water coal slurry slag is the residual slag after the water coal slurry is combusted. In the production process of ceramics, a large amount of ceramic wastewater with high turbidity and high suspended matters is generated in the processes of ball milling (ball washing), filter cloth cleaning of a filter press, glazing (cleaning) and the like, the suspended matters are settled to form sludge in the treatment process of the ceramic wastewater, and the dry sludge obtained after the sludge is dried is the waste sludge used by the invention.
In the formula of the ceramic wall and floor tile, the solid waste materials have certain silicate components such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like, and can form the formula components of the ceramic wall and floor tile. The components of the waste ceramic tile and the polishing waste slag are similar, and one of the waste ceramic tile and the polishing waste slag can be selected for use or can be matched for use. The water coal slurry slag has high alumina content and can obviously supplement the proportion of aluminum in the formula. The effective components (chemical elements) of the ceramic tile waste in the solid waste material basically have the main components of the ceramic wall and floor tiles, and the components in the water-coal-slurry slag and the waste mud and the effective components in the ceramic tile waste form the specific required components of the ceramic tile wall and floor tiles.
The ceramic tile waste, the water coal slurry slag, the waste mud and the clay form the main materials of the porcelain wall and floor tiles, and the porcelain wall and floor tiles can further contain auxiliary materials such as pigment, glaze and the like according to the types of the porcelain wall and floor tiles. According to the requirements of the porcelain wall and floor tiles in the production process, production auxiliary materials such as water, thinner and the like can be further used.
The raw materials of the tile wall and floor tile also comprise pigment so as to meet the requirements of appearance color. The specific type and amount of the pigment used can be adjusted according to actual needs and the prior art. Preferably, the colorant is used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts.
In the porcelain wall and floor tile, the use ratio of the solid waste materials in the main materials reaches more than 70 percent, the utilization ratio of the solid waste materials is greatly improved, the pressure of treating the solid waste of the ceramic industry is effectively relieved, and a new solution is provided for realizing zero emission of the solid waste. The porcelain wall and floor tile comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 19-20% of aluminum oxide, 62-67% of silicon dioxide, 2.5-4.2% of potassium oxide, 1.7-2.8% of sodium oxide and 0.5-1.5% of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and meets the requirements of conventional porcelain products.
By using clay to increase the plasticity of the raw material, the kind of clay used can be adjusted according to the area and the actual situation in consideration of the cost. Preferably, the clay is one or more of black mud, bentonite and shale.
The solid waste materials used by the ceramic wall and floor tiles are low in loss of burning substances and suitable for producing extra-thick tiles, and the preferred thickness of the ceramic wall and floor tiles is 1-7 cm. Further preferably, the ceramic wall and floor tile is a square tile, a full-body stone-like tile, an antique tile and the like.
The preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of porcelain wall and floor tiles comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and ball-milling the ceramic tile waste, the water-coal slurry slag, the waste mud, the clay, the water and the diluent to obtain composite slurry, and then carrying out first ageing under the stirring condition;
(2) then, preparing the aged composite slurry into powder, and performing secondary aging to obtain an aged material;
(3) pressing and forming the stale material to obtain a blank body; and then calcining and post-treating the blank to obtain the catalyst.
The preparation method of the invention can still ensure higher yield under the condition of higher usage amount of the solid waste material, and can reach more than 98%. All indexes of the porcelain wall and floor tiles prepared by the preparation method can reach the national standard. The preparation method is simple and suitable for large-scale production, and the prepared product has a wide application range.
In the preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, in the step (1), in order to reduce the using amount of water and improve the fluidity of the composite slurry during ball milling, common diluents in the prior art, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, water glass and the like, are added.
According to the preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, when the used ceramic tile waste contains waste ceramic tiles, the waste ceramic tiles are crushed waste ceramic tile particles during ball milling in the step (1), and the particle size is 6-30 meshes.
In the preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, the step (2) adopts spray drying to prepare the aged composite slurry into powder.
In the preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, the post-treatment after the calcination in the step (3) is a conventional treatment mode for obtaining a finished product of the ceramic tile in the prior art. Such as edging and polishing processes, to keep the peripheral dimensions and the surface roughness of the product satisfactory.
The uniformity degree of each raw material is optimized by adjusting the fineness of the composite mud, and the fineness of the composite mud in the step (1) is lower than 0.8 percent (250-mesh screen residue).
In the preparation method of the porcelain wall and floor tile, the mass content of water in the composite slurry in the step (1) is 33-35%, the flow rate of the composite slurry is 40-50 s, and the specific gravity is 1.65-1.75 g/mL.
In order to ensure that the composite slurry has enough homogenization degree and reduce the difference, the first ageing time in the step (1) is not less than 72 h. The first ageing is carried out under the stirring condition, so that the homogenization can be enhanced and the precipitation can be prevented. The first ageing time can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
The mass percentage of water in the powder in the step (2) is 7-8%.
In order to further improve the uniformity of the powder, the time for the second time of ageing in the step (2) is not less than 48 hours. The powder is aged in the powder bin for the second time, and the powder bin has natural exhaust port to make the self heat and partial water vapor of the powder run off. The secondary ageing time can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The strength of the blank is further improved by optimizing the conditions of press forming, and the pressure of 200-240 kg is correspondingly adopted for every cubic centimeter of the aged material during the press forming. The pressing time is preferably 5 s/time, and the pressing can be repeated to ensure the pressing effect.
The waste material of the porcelain wall and floor tile contains organic impurities such as precipitator, desulfurizer, resin particles, colloidal particles and the like, and the impurities are completely volatilized through calcination, so that the inherent quality of the product is ensured. The calcining temperature in the step (3) is 1180-1200 ℃. The calcination time is adjusted according to the thickness of the green body, and only the impurities are required to be completely volatilized. For example, the calcination time is preferably 100 to 120min when the thickness is 3 cm. If the thickness is less than 3cm, the calcining time can be properly shortened according to the actual condition; if the thickness is more than 3cm, the calcination time is increased appropriately according to the actual situation.
The main materials used by the porcelain wall and floor tile of the invention are mainly solid waste materials, the whiteness is lower, and the porcelain wall and floor tile can be made into square tiles, stone-like tiles and the like with lower requirements on color. If the requirements on the color are higher, such as antique bricks and the like, the requirements can be met by adding the pigment.
When pigment is introduced into the porcelain wall and floor tiles, the preparation method of the invention also comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the aged material and the pigment in the step (2) by adopting a dry mixing pigment (namely, uniformly mixing the aged material and the pigment to ensure that the pigment is attached to the surface of the powder), and then carrying out third aging to obtain composite powder; then pressing and molding the composite powder to obtain a blank; and then calcining and post-treating the green body. The adoption of the dry mixed pigment can lead the stale material to be colored without influencing the color development. Wherein, the time of the third time of staling can be adjusted according to actual conditions, but is at least 2 h.
The porcelain wall and floor tile can also be subjected to glazing treatment on the surface so as to meet different use requirements.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
One, the embodiment of the porcelain wall and floor tile
Example 1
The thickness of the porcelain wall and floor tile is 3cm, and the porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of waste ceramic tiles, 50 parts of waste mud, 2 parts of polishing waste residues, 2 parts of coal-water slurry residues, 20 parts of black mud and 5 parts of pigment (praseodymium yellow 1 part, blank black 1 part and manganese red 3 parts).
Example 2
The thickness of the porcelain wall and floor tile is 3cm, and the porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 parts of waste ceramic tiles, 30 parts of waste mud, 8 parts of polishing waste residues, 1 part of coal water slurry residues, 15 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of pigments (2 parts of manganese red and 1 part of blank black).
Example 3
The thickness of the porcelain wall and floor tile is 3cm, and the porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 55 parts of waste ceramic tiles, 40 parts of waste mud, 5 parts of polishing waste residues, 2 parts of water coal slurry residues, 18 parts of black mud and 2 parts of pigments (specifically 1 part of orange, 0.5 part of blank black and 0.5 part of manganese red).
Example 4
The thickness of the porcelain wall and floor tile is 1cm, and the porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 52 parts of waste ceramic tiles, 50 parts of waste mud, 2 parts of water coal slurry residues and 20 parts of black mud.
Example 5
The thickness of the porcelain wall and floor tile is 7cm, and the porcelain wall and floor tile is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 52 parts of polishing waste residues, 50 parts of waste mud, 2 parts of water coal slurry residues and 20 parts of black mud.
The types and contents of the components of the waste tiles, the waste polishing residues, the water coal slurry residues and the waste sludge used in the above examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 compositional analysis (wt%) of each solid waste material
| Composition (I) | SiO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | Na2O | CaO·MgO |
| Waste ceramic tile | 72％ | 18％ | 3％ | 2.5％ | 1.5～2.0％ |
| Polishing waste residue | 72％ | 18％ | 3％ | 2.5％ | 1.5％ |
| Coal water slurry slag | 53％ | 32％ | 1％ | 1％ | 7％ |
| Waste mud | 70％ | 19％ | 3％ | 2.5％ | 1.5～2.0％ |
| Bentonite clay | 74％ | 17％ | 1.3％ | 0.5％ | 1％ |
Example of the preparation method of two-ceramic wall and floor tiles
Example 6
The embodiment is a method for preparing the porcelain wall and floor tile of the embodiment 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the waste ceramic tiles into particles of 6-30 meshes, and then respectively carrying out sieve bag filter pressing treatment on the polishing waste residues, the waste mud and the coal water slurry residues and sieving the materials by a 30-mesh sieve;
(2) then putting the waste ceramic tile particles, the treated polishing waste residues, the treated waste mud, the treated coal-water slurry slag and the dried black mud into a ball mill according to the parts by weight, then adding water, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain composite slurry (the fineness of the composite slurry is lower than 0.8%, the mass content of water in the composite slurry is 33%, the flow rate is 40s, and the specific gravity is 1.7 g/mL);
(3) ageing the composite slurry for 72 hours, drying the composite slurry by a spray tower to form powder (the mass content of water in the powder is 7-8%), and ageing the powder for 48 hours;
(4) uniformly mixing the aged powder and the pigment by adopting a dry-mixing pigment method, and then aging for 2 hours to obtain composite powder;
(5) pressing the composite powder by a press under a pressure of 220kg/cm3The pressing time is 5s (3 times of exhausting in the pressing process), and a green brick body is obtained;
(6) and (3) feeding the green brick body into a kiln, calcining for 110min at 1180-2000 ℃, cooling, taking out, and performing edging and polishing treatment to obtain the finished product.
Example 7
The embodiment is a method for preparing the porcelain wall and floor tile of embodiment 2, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the waste ceramic tiles into particles of 6-30 meshes, and then respectively carrying out sieve bag filter pressing treatment on the polishing waste residues, the waste mud and the coal water slurry residues and sieving the materials by a 30-mesh sieve;
(2) then putting the waste ceramic tile particles, the treated polishing waste residues, the treated waste mud, the treated coal-water slurry slag and the dried bentonite into a ball mill according to the parts by weight, then adding water and 1 part by weight of diluent sodium silicate, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain composite slurry (the fineness of the composite slurry is lower than 0.8%, the water content in the composite slurry is 35%, the flow rate is 50s, and the specific gravity is 1.7 g/mL);
(3) ageing the composite slurry for 72 hours, drying the composite slurry by a spray tower to form powder (the water content in the powder is 7-8%), and ageing the powder for 48 hours;
(4) uniformly mixing the aged powder and the pigment by adopting a dry-mixing pigment method, and then aging for 2 hours to obtain composite powder;
(5) pressing the composite powder by a press under a pressure of 220kg/cm3(the pressing process is the same as that of example 1) to obtain green brick bodies;
(6) and (3) feeding the green brick body into a kiln, calcining for 120min at 1180-2000 ℃, cooling, taking out, and performing edging and polishing treatment to obtain the finished product.
Example 8
The embodiment is a method for preparing the porcelain wall and floor tile of embodiment 3, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the waste ceramic tiles into particles of 6-30 meshes, and then respectively carrying out sieve bag filter pressing treatment on the polishing waste residues, the waste mud and the coal water slurry residues and sieving the materials by a 30-mesh sieve;
(2) then putting the waste ceramic tile particles, the treated polishing waste residues, the treated waste mud, the treated water-coal slurry slag and the dried black mud into a ball mill according to the parts by weight, then adding water and 0.5 part by weight of diluent sodium tripolyphosphate, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain composite slurry (the fineness of the composite slurry is lower than 0.8%, the water content in the composite slurry is 35%, the flow rate is 50s, and the specific gravity is 1.7 g/mL);
(3) ageing the composite slurry for 72 hours, drying the composite slurry by a spray tower to form powder (the water content in the powder is 7-8%), and ageing the powder for 48 hours;
(4) uniformly mixing the aged powder and the pigment by adopting a dry-mixing pigment method, and then aging for 2 hours to obtain composite powder;
(5) pressing the composite powder by a press under a pressure of 220kg/cm3(the pressing process is the same as that of example 1) to obtain green brick bodies;
(6) and (3) feeding the green brick body into a kiln, calcining for 120min at 1180-2000 ℃, cooling, taking out, and performing edging and polishing treatment to obtain the finished product.
Example 9
The embodiment is a method for preparing the porcelain wall and floor tile of embodiment 4, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing waste ceramic tiles into particles of 6-30 meshes, and then respectively carrying out sieve bag filter pressing treatment and 30-mesh sieve treatment on waste mud and coal-water slurry slag;
(2) then putting the waste ceramic tile particles, the treated waste mud, the coal-water slurry slag and the dried black mud into a ball mill according to parts by weight, then adding water and 0.5 part by mass of diluent sodium tripolyphosphate, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain composite slurry (the fineness of the composite slurry is lower than 0.8%, the water content in the composite slurry is 35%, the flow rate is 50s, and the specific gravity is 1.7 g/mL);
(3) ageing the composite slurry for 72 hours, drying the composite slurry by a spray tower to form powder (the water content in the powder is 7-8%), and ageing the powder for 48 hours;
(4) pressing the composite powder by a press under a pressure of 220kg/cm3(the pressing process is the same as that of example 1) to obtain green brick bodies;
(5) and (3) feeding the green brick body into a kiln, calcining for 55min at 1180-2000 ℃, cooling, taking out, and performing edging and polishing treatment to obtain the finished product.
Example 10
This embodiment is a method for preparing the porcelain tile of embodiment 5, which is basically the same as embodiment 10, except that: the raw materials used are different and the calcination time in step (5) is 550 min.
Third, test example section
Test example 1
The ceramic wall and floor tiles of examples 1 to 5 and green brick bodies of the ceramic wall and floor tiles were subjected to a performance test for strength, which was specifically tested with reference to the test standard (ceramic tile, water absorption < 0.5%) GB/T4100-2015 (attached series G), and the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 results of performance testing
According to the test results, the water absorption rate (below 0.5%), the green strength (above 1 MPa), the finished product strength (up to 35-50 MPa) and the antifouling effect of the porcelain wall and floor tile can reach the national standard. The invention ensures the performance of the produced ceramic wall and floor tiles while utilizing a large amount of solid waste materials, effectively improves the utilization rate of the solid waste materials, reduces the production cost and provides a new method for recycling the ceramic solid waste materials.
Claims (11)
1. The porcelain wall and floor tile is characterized by being mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 52-68 parts of ceramic tile waste, 1-2 parts of coal-water slurry slag, 30-50 parts of waste mud and 15-20 parts of clay; the waste sludge is dry sludge obtained by drying sludge generated in the ceramic wastewater treatment process; the ceramic tile waste is waste ceramic tiles and/or polishing waste residues.
2. The porcelain tile according to claim 1, wherein when the tile waste is waste tiles and waste polishing residues, the waste tiles are 50 to 60 parts by mass and the waste polishing residues are 2 to 8 parts by mass.
3. A ceramic wall and floor tile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the ceramic wall and floor tile is 1-7 cm.
4. A ceramic wall and floor tile according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the clay is one or more of black mud, bentonite, shale.
5. A method for manufacturing ceramic wall and floor tiles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing and ball-milling the ceramic tile waste, the water-coal slurry slag, the waste mud, the clay, water and a diluent to obtain composite slurry, and then carrying out first ageing under the stirring condition;
(2) then, preparing the aged composite slurry into powder, and performing secondary aging to obtain an aged material;
(3) pressing and forming the stale material to obtain a blank body; and then calcining and post-treating the blank to obtain the catalyst.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fineness of the composite slurry in the step (1) is not higher than 0.8%.
7. The method for preparing ceramic wall and floor tiles according to claim 5, wherein the water content in the composite slurry in the step (1) is 33-35% by mass, the flow rate of the composite slurry is 40-50 s, and the specific gravity of the composite slurry is 1.65-1.75 g/mL.
8. A method for making ceramic wall and floor tiles according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first ageing time in step (1) is more than 72 hours.
9. The method for preparing ceramic wall and floor tiles according to claim 5, wherein the mass percentage of water in the powder in the step (2) is 7-8%.
10. A method for manufacturing ceramic wall and floor tiles according to claim 5 or 9, wherein the time for the second ageing in step (2) is more than 48 hours.
11. The method for manufacturing ceramic wall and floor tiles as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pressure of 200-240 kg per cubic centimeter of the aged material is applied during the pressing.
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