CN110913760A - 心电图(ecg)波形测定用电极结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种即使是在因为走路或跑步等旺盛的身体活动而导致电极接触面积发生变化或因为运动时所排出的汗液或周边状况而导致水分渗透等时也能够均匀地维持电荷量并借此准确地对人体的心电图进行测定和监控的电极装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够在身体活动的同时对心电图进行测定的情况下将在皮肤上生成的动噪声最小化且能够在不执行数字信号处理的情况下检测出高可靠性的生体信号的电极装置。
背景技术
最近，不仅是患有心脏疾病的患者，健康的一般人群也时常会毫无预兆地发生心肌梗塞、心律失常等症状并因此导致致命的危险。为了预防如上所述的问题并保障健康的生活，需要通过持续性地对生体信号进行监测以及记录而及时掌握身体的异常症候并在发生异常时及时采取适当的措施，为此人们正在积极开发融合IT技术的生体信号测定技术。
身体是能够形成电场的一种导体，在因为细胞的电兴奋和稳定而生成动作电位时，会在身体内形成电场。上述电场能够被解释成与日常身体现象相关的结果值并借此对生体的异常有无、运动以及活动性等进行测定。
通常，利用上述原理的生体信号测定方法能够对心电图(ECG)、身体温度、脉搏、血压以及身体变化等进行测定，而为了对如上所述的生体信号变化进行检测而需要使用生体用电极。
为了对日常生活中的生体信号进行测定而需要始终维持佩戴状态，因此需要通过将与皮肤接触的面积最小化而减少皮肤问题，而且为了能够在运动过程中准确地测定生体信号而需要减少动噪声。
在生体信息中最具代表性的是用于对心脏的电活动进行解释的心电图(Electrocardiogram：ECG)，具体是指利用附着在生体表面的电极测定出当心脏跳动时在心肌上产生的动作电位差并对随着时间变化的变动曲线进行记录的图表。
因为如上所述的用于测定生体信号的装置是在皮肤的表面对电信号进行检测，因此在使用者运动时也应该能够稳定地检测出信号。
目前为了测定心电图(ECG)而使用与皮肤直接接触的电极时，通常使用Ag/AgCl凝胶电极。但是，因为如上所述的现有电极的电阻值较大而且与皮肤直接接触，因此在对心脏肌肉运动时的电荷生成量进行测定时会因为身体的运动或测定位置而造成与电极的接触面积的变化，从而导致所测定到的电荷量的变化并进一步导致所测定信号的扭曲。
此外，Ag/AgCl电极为了提升与皮肤的接触而在皮肤与电极之间使用凝胶(gel)类型的电解液，而在长期暴露于人体时会导致皮肤疾病以及发生固化的问题。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于解决如上所述的现有技术中所存在的问题而提供一种即使是在因为走路或跑步等旺盛的身体活动而导致电极接触面积发生变化或因为运动时所排出的汗液或周边状况而导致水分渗透等时也能够均匀地维持电荷量并借此准确地对人体的心电图进行测定和监控的电极装置。
(二)技术方案
用于获取实时心电图(ECG)信号的适用本发明的电极装置，包括：上部电极层110，利用导电性材料构成，用于对信号进行传递；传送线缆111，与上述上部电极层110结合，用于将所测定到的信号传递到接收装置；电介质层130，通过涂覆到上述上部电极层110的一侧面而与皮肤直接接触的生物相容性材料；下部电极层120，用于抵消因为衣物而导致的摩擦静电并提供与信号相关的基准点；接地线缆121，与上述下部电极层120结合并与用于提供基准电位的接地部连接；以及，绝缘层140，用于在上述上部电极与下部电极之间进行绝缘；其中，在金属材料的上部电极层上涂覆生物相容性纳米无机材料(Nano InorganicMaterials)，尤其是涂覆包含碱金属的二氧化硅(SiO2，接下来将包含碱金属的二氧化硅简称为二氧化硅)，在所接触的皮肤与上部电极层之间形成通过对电荷进行蓄积而以不会因为身体活动而造成信号波动(干扰)的方式稳定地输出信号的传感部，因为上述传感部能够根据介电常数大且介电物质的厚度越薄其静电容量就越大的平行板电容器的静电容量计算公式(C＝εA/d，C：静电容量，ε：电解质的介电常数，A：与金属板接触的电解质面积，d：电解质厚度)以及电解质的弛豫时间关系公式(t＝RC，T：电荷存在的平均时间，R：电阻，C：静电容量)起到介电常数越大其弛豫时间越长的使电压变化缓缓增加或减少的作用，因此即使是在因为身体活动而造成与皮肤的接触不完整的情况时也能够稳定地传递信号，从而起到对快速运动的高频噪声(Noise)进行消除的功能。
本发明的特征在于，包括：传送线缆，附着到上述上部电极层，用于对所传感的信息进行传递；接地部，由为了避免从上述传感部输出的信号因为摩擦静电或周边环境发生扭曲而对电路动作进行稳定化并提供基准电压的下部电极层以及通过附着在上述下部电极层而维持基准电压的接地线缆构成；以及，绝缘层，对上部电极层以及下部电极层提供支撑并进行绝缘。
此外，即使是在电极不与皮肤直接接触的在皮肤外侧穿着衣物的状态下也能够将衣物纤维作为电解质使用，因此在皮肤非接触状态下也能够进行测定。
(三)有益效果
适用本发明的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极装置通过在由金属制成的上部电极层上涂覆生物相容性的纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)而在皮肤与上部电极层之间对因为心脏肌肉运动而生成的电荷进行蓄积并依次对电荷进行传递，因此即使是因为附着电极装置的人体的运动状态即走路或跑步等所有身体活动而造成电荷量变化时也能够无信号扭曲地输出稳定信号，从而能够在不受周围环境影像的情况下准确地对心电图进行测定。
附图说明
图1是对适用本发明的电极进行图示的斜视图。
图2是对适用本发明的电极进行图示的块图。
图3是理想的心电图(ECG)波形。
图4是在没有身体活动的状态下利用适用本发明的电极测定出的心电图(ECG)波形。
图5是在身体活动的过程中利用适用本发明的电极测定出的心电图(ECG)波形。
具体实施方式
接下来，将参阅附图对本发明进行详细的说明。
图1是适用本发明的电极装置的斜视图。
适用本发明的电极装置100，包括：上部电极层110，为了对信号进行传递而利用导电性材料形成传感部电极；传送线缆111，与上述上部电极层110结合，用于将所传感到的信号传递到接收装置；电介质层130，通过涂覆到上述上部电极层110的一侧面而与皮肤直接接触的生物相容性材料，用于对电荷进行蓄积；下部电极层120，形成有利用用于抵消因为衣物或纤维而导致的摩擦静电并提供与信号相关的基准点的导电性材料构成的电极部电极；接地线缆121，与上述下部电极层120结合并与用于提供基准电位的接地部连接；以及，绝缘层140，用于在上述上部电极与下部电极之间起到绝缘作用。
上述上部电极层110能够利用厚度为几μm而直径为1cm至10cm的圆形的如铜(Cu)等导电性材料构成，在上部电极层110上以薄膜状涂覆的电介质层130的厚度为nm单位，厚度越薄其效果就更加良好，较佳地以20nm(纳米)以上2μm(微米)以下的厚度涂覆为宜，而上部电极层110并不限定于圆形，还能够以多种不同的形状形成。
其中，上部电极层110能够由包括金(Au)、银(Ag)、白金(Pt)、铜(Cu)、不锈钢的导电性材料和导电性橡胶(包括纤维)的导电性材料构成。
上述上部电极层110的一侧面与由纳米无机材料即二氧化硅(SiO2)构成的电介质层130结合并借此对电荷进行蓄积，从而即使是在身体运动时也能够避免心电图(ECG)输出信号发生扭曲。
作为上述电介质层130，使用纳米无机材料即如包含碱金属的二氧化硅(SiO2)等具有皮肤相容性且在与皮肤接触时也不会诱发刺激的生物相容性介电物质为宜。
上述传送线缆111与上述上部电极层110结合，用于将电极层所传感的信息传递到接收装置。
上述传送线缆111为了将外部的电气干涉所导致的噪声最小化而使用同轴线缆(coaxial cable)为宜。
上述绝缘层140通过固定到上述上部电极层110与上述下部电极层120而起到绝缘作用。
上述绝缘层140为高分子物质，能够由如聚酰亚胺等绝缘材料构成。
上述下部电极层120通过将因为衣物、纤维等外部环境而生成的摩擦静电经由接地线缆121与测定系统的接地电极连接而对因为摩擦静电而导致的噪声进行去除。
上述下部电极层120能够以与上述上部电极层110相同的材料、相同的厚度、相同的大小以及相同的形状形成，但是在同一个电极装置中也能够使用不同的导电性物质、厚度、大小以及形状。
上述接地线缆121使用电阻较小的金属材质的线缆为宜。
适用本发明的电极装置100能够通过在现有的电荷移动方式接收器上追加连接信号转换装置而实现与现有接收器的兼容。
图3是理想的心电图(ECG)波形，是用于对心脏肌肉的电流进行说明的示意图。一般的心电图图表包括表示心房除极化的P波、表示心室除极化的QRS波以及表示心室复极化的T波。各个波形的时间或距离间隔表示各个肌肉中的电生成的传导时间，PR间隔在正常情况下是在012～02秒内形成，是房室结节传导时间。QRS波的间隔在正常情况下是在006～01秒内发生，是心室除分极的发生时间。QT间隔是心电的电收缩期，在正常情况下是在月042～043秒内发生。
图4是通过本发明的具体形象化而测定出的心电图波形，是在静止状态或不活动状态下测定的心电图波形。
图5是在如走路、蹦跳或跑步等活动环境下通过本发明的具体形象化而测定出的心电图波形。
Claims (7)
1.一种心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
在生体信号测定用电极中，包括：
上部电极层(110)，利用导电性材料构成，用于对信号进行传递；传送线缆(111)，与上述上部电极层(110)结合，用于将所测定到的信号传递到接收装置；电介质层(130)，由通过涂覆到上述上部电极层(110)的一侧面而与皮肤直接接触的生物相容性纳米无机材料构成；下部电极层(120)，为了抵消因为衣物而导致的摩擦静电而进行接地；接地线缆(121)，与上述下部电极层(120)结合并与接地部连接；以及，绝缘层(140)，用于在上述上部电极与下部电极之间进行绝缘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
为了对上述信号进行传递，导电性材料包括金(An)、银(Ag)、白金(Pt)、铜(Cu)、不锈钢(Stainless steel)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
上述上部电极层(110)以直径为1cm至10cm的圆形形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
上述电解质层(130)由具有生物相容性的介电物质构成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
上述电解质层(130)的厚度为20nm(纳米)以上2μm(微米)以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
上述纳米无机材料由包含碱金属的二氧化硅(SiO2)构成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的心电图(ECG)波形测定用电极，其特征在于：
上述生体信号测定用电极在身体活动的过程中也可进行测定。
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| KR1020170119453A KR101851107B1 (ko) | 2017-09-18 | 2017-09-18 | 심전도(ecg) 파형 측정을 위한 전극 구조 |
| KR10-2017-0119453 | 2017-09-18 | ||
| PCT/KR2018/010684 WO2019054748A1 (ko) | 2017-09-18 | 2018-09-12 | 심전도(ecg) 파형 측정을 위한 전극 구조 |
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| CN113827248A (zh) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-24 | 宁波慈溪生物医学工程研究所 | 一种非接触式心电检测多层复合电极系统 |
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| KR102145433B1 (ko) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-08-18 | 주식회사 셀바스헬스케어 | 심혈관 분석기 |
| KR102145434B1 (ko) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-08-18 | 주식회사 셀바스헬스케어 | 심혈관 분석기 |
| KR102145432B1 (ko) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-08-18 | 주식회사 셀바스헬스케어 | 심혈관 분석기 |
| KR102121729B1 (ko) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-06-11 | 주식회사 셀바스헬스케어 | 심혈관 분석기 |
| KR102236976B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-04-06 | (주)엠에스엘 | 탁상형 심전도 측정 시스템 |
| KR102417015B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-25 | 2022-07-05 | (주)엠에스엘 | 의자형 심전도 측정 시스템 |
| KR102417017B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-07-05 | (주)엠에스엘 | 휴대형 심전도 측정 시스템 |
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| KR101851107B1 (ko) | 2018-04-20 |
| WO2019054748A9 (ko) | 2019-06-27 |
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