CN110911214A - Isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and moving contact thereof - Google Patents
Isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and moving contact thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110911214A CN110911214A CN201811076264.XA CN201811076264A CN110911214A CN 110911214 A CN110911214 A CN 110911214A CN 201811076264 A CN201811076264 A CN 201811076264A CN 110911214 A CN110911214 A CN 110911214A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
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Abstract
The invention relates to an isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and a moving contact thereof, wherein the moving contact comprises a contact body, a plug-in end of the contact body is provided with a needle electrode extending along the plug-in direction, and the needle electrode is used for forming a corona discharge structure with a corresponding end face of a fixed contact so as to generate corona discharge when the moving contact and the fixed contact are switched on and off relatively to move and release direct current residual voltage on a no-load bus connected with the moving contact. The maximum gap breakdown voltage can be reduced by reducing the residual dc voltage, thereby destroying the conditions that produce the high amplitude VFTO. In addition, new parts such as damping resistors or high-frequency magnetic rings and the like cannot be introduced in the method, and the VFTO can be effectively inhibited only by arranging an uneven electric field between the moving contact and the static contact, and meanwhile, the high reliability is ensured. The complexity of the GIS structure is reduced, the hidden trouble of the fault is reduced, the reliability of inhibiting the VFTO performance is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and a moving contact thereof.
Background
Each operation of the isolating switch in a gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear (GIS) is carried out for dozens of times or even hundreds of times, the voltage at two ends of a contact gap suddenly drops within a few nanoseconds, and voltage steep waves continuously generate traveling waves in the GIS, so that complicated refraction, reflection and superposition are carried out, and Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO) is generated. VFTO is a special overvoltage that has three main features: the first is the frequency bandwidth, from zero to hundreds of megahertz; secondly, the steepness is high, and the rise time of the overvoltage can be as low as several nanoseconds; thirdly, the amplitude is high, and the overvoltage can reach 3p.u.
Because VFTO is extremely harmful to the insulation of the GIS itself and adjacent equipment, reliable VFTO suppression measures must be taken in the GIS. In the prior art, a GIS isolating switch is usually adopted to be additionally provided with new components such as a damping resistor, a high-frequency magnetic ring and the like so as to effectively inhibit VFTO: the GIS isolating switch is additionally provided with the damping resistor, so that VFTO can be effectively inhibited, but the isolating switch is complicated in structure due to the fact that the damping resistor needs to be connected with a main port of the isolating switch in parallel, a large amount of space is occupied, manufacturing and using costs of the isolating switch are increased, meanwhile, the operating mechanism is more complicated due to the fact that the damping resistor is additionally arranged, and the probability of mechanical failure is increased; the high-frequency magnetic ring can also effectively inhibit VFTO, but the magnetic ring material is high in brittleness, easy to break and drop slag, the high-frequency magnetic ring is easy to damage if impact or vibration is encountered in the transportation, installation, maintenance and GIS operation processes, the function effect of inhibiting VFTO is reduced, and meanwhile, the ferrite material drops slag, blocks are dropped, and the blocks are diffused into the GIS, so that insulation faults can be caused.
The damping resistor or the high-frequency magnetic ring is adopted to inhibit VFTO, new parts are required to be introduced into the extra-high voltage GIS loop, the complexity of the GIS structure is increased, the probability of mechanical or electrical faults is increased, and the reliability of the isolating switch cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO, and aims to solve the problems that the complexity of an operating mechanism is increased and the reliability of the isolating switch cannot be ensured by a VFTO inhibiting method of the isolating switch in the prior art; the invention also aims to provide the moving contact of the isolating switch.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the moving contact is as follows:
the moving contact comprises a contact body, a needle electrode extending along the inserting direction is arranged at the inserting end of the contact body, and the needle electrode is used for forming a corona discharge structure with the corresponding end face of the static contact so as to generate corona discharge when the moving contact and the static contact are switched on and off relatively to move and release direct current residual voltage on a no-load bus connected with the moving contact.
Furthermore, in order to ensure that the surface of the moving contact can still generate local high field intensity even if a part of the needle electrodes are ablated by electric arcs, more than two needle electrodes are arranged at intervals side by side at the inserting end of the contact body, and the distance from the extending end of at least one needle electrode to a plane vertical to the inserting direction is smaller than the distance between other needle electrodes and the same plane.
Further, in order to ensure a uniform electric field as a whole, the extending ends of some of the needle electrodes are located on the smooth curved surface, and the extending ends of the remaining needle electrodes are located inside the smooth curved surface.
Further, in order to ensure ablation resistance of the needle electrode, the needle electrode is made of copper-tungsten or copper-complex material.
Furthermore, in order to ensure high local field intensity, the radius of the tip of the needle electrode is 0.3 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, the needle electrode is connected with the contact body in a welding mode for convenience in assembly.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the fracture opening distance of the isolating switch, a movable end shield which is in sliding fit with the contact body and is arranged opposite to the static end shield of the static contact to ensure the fracture opening distance is arranged outside the contact body.
The technical scheme of the isolating switch is as follows:
the isolating switch comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact, the fixed contact comprises a fixed contact body and a fixed end shield cover arranged outside the fixed contact body, the moving contact comprises a contact body, a plug-in end of the contact body is provided with a needle electrode extending along the plug-in direction, and the needle electrode is used for forming a corona discharge structure with the corresponding end face of the fixed contact so as to generate corona discharge when the moving contact and the fixed contact are switched on and off relatively to release direct current residual voltage on a no-load bus connected with the moving contact.
Furthermore, in order to ensure that the surface of the moving contact can still generate local high field intensity even if a part of the needle electrodes are ablated by electric arcs, more than two needle electrodes are arranged at intervals side by side at the inserting end of the contact body, and the distance from the extending end of at least one needle electrode to a plane vertical to the inserting direction is smaller than the distance between other needle electrodes and the same plane.
Further, in order to ensure a uniform electric field as a whole, the extending ends of some of the needle electrodes are located on the smooth curved surface, and the extending ends of the remaining needle electrodes are located inside the smooth curved surface.
Further, in order to ensure ablation resistance of the needle electrode, the needle electrode is made of copper-tungsten or copper-complex material.
Furthermore, in order to ensure high local field intensity, the radius of the tip of the needle electrode is 0.3 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, the needle electrode is connected with the contact body in a welding mode for convenience in assembly.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the fracture opening distance of the isolating switch, a movable end shield which is in sliding fit with the contact body and is arranged opposite to the static end shield of the static contact to ensure the fracture opening distance is arranged outside the contact body.
Furthermore, a corona discharge structure is formed between the needle electrode at the inserting end of the contact body and the inserting end face of the static end shielding cover.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, according to the moving contact, the needle-shaped electrode is arranged on the moving contact to form a local pointed end, so that a local uneven electric field is generated between the moving contact and the fixed contact, local corona discharge is generated, and residual charges on a short load bus are released by utilizing the corona discharge. After the isolating switch is switched off, direct-current residual voltage exists on a GIS bus, the amplitude of the direct-current residual voltage is very high and can reach 1p.u. at most, a more serious electromagnetic transient process can be caused by operating the isolating switch under the condition of the direct-current residual voltage, and the amplitude of VFTO can exceed the normal insulation withstand voltage of related electrical equipment. High amplitude VFTO in the GIS return circuit mainly breaks down the production in the clearance under the busbar residual voltage condition, and the VFTO amplitude that does not have residual voltage time gap breakdown production is smaller, can not produce harm to GIS equipment, and residual voltage size direct influence VFTO maximum amplitude. Therefore, the VFTO generated by the operation of the isolating switch can be effectively reduced by reducing the residual direct-current voltage of the bus. No matter the isolator closes the floodgate or the separating brake process, all can cause the puncture in advance or the heavy puncture of many times between the contact, all have the residual charge problem on the short bus of load side, can both release partial or whole residual charge based on this principle, reduce the voltage steepness when puncturing, realize reducing VFTO's effect. The structural form of the moving contact can reduce the maximum gap breakdown voltage in a mode of reducing residual direct-current voltage when the moving contact and the static contact move relatively, so that the condition of generating high-amplitude VFTO is damaged. And the structure of the moving contact can not introduce new parts, such as damping resistors or high-frequency magnetic rings, and the VFTO can be effectively inhibited only by forming an uneven electric field between the moving contact and the static contact, and meanwhile, the high reliability is ensured. The complexity of the GIS structure is reduced, the hidden trouble of the fault is reduced, the reliability of inhibiting the VFTO performance is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a disconnector according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable contact in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operation circuit of the disconnector in the embodiment of the disconnector of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a circuit breaker; 2-an isolating switch; 3-a power supply; 4-an isolating switch; 5-a circuit breaker; 6-a grounding switch; 7-a grounding switch; 8-short bus; 21-barrel body; 22-a moving end shield; 23-moving contact; 24-a static contact; 25-a static end shield; 231-needle electrode.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the isolating switch of the present invention includes a cylindrical body 21, a movable contact 23 and a fixed contact 24 that are inserted in a front-back direction are disposed in the cylindrical body 21, wherein the movable contact 23 includes a contact body, a movable end shield 22 is disposed on an outer side of the contact body, the movable contact 23 and the movable end shield 22 are assembled in a sliding manner, a fixed end shield 25 is disposed on an outer side of the fixed contact 24, and a relative position of the movable end shield 22 and the fixed end shield 25 is fixed to ensure a fracture separation distance between the movable end and the fixed end. The plug end of the moving contact is defined as the front end, the needle electrode 231 is arranged at the front end of the contact body, namely, at the end close to the static contact 24, the needle electrode 231 extends along the front-back direction, the curvature radius of the needle electrode 231 is designed to be small, and an uneven electric field can be created in the isolating switch. When the isolating switch is operated, as the movable contact 23 moves toward the static contact 24, the needle-shaped electrode 231 on the movable contact 23 and the static end shield 25 form a corona discharge structure similar to a rod-plate electrode structure, and the local field strength of the surface of the needle-shaped electrode 231 is very high. Under the action of gap voltage of a switch contact, sulfur hexafluoride gas medium near the needle electrode 231 can be locally broken down, so that a corona discharge phenomenon is generated, a small discharge channel formed by corona is utilized to reduce direct-current residual voltage on a no-load bus, and therefore the voltage gradient during breakdown is reduced, and the purpose of reducing VFTO is achieved.
The arc is generated when the isolating switch is operated, but because the switching capacitance is small, the transient process is ended quickly, and the waveform in the whole process is presented as an extremely fine pulse, so the arc energy is small, and even then, the needle electrode is still required to be subjected to ablation resistance design, in the embodiment, the ablation resistance of the needle electrode is improved by the following method: firstly, the needle electrode 231 is made of ablation-resistant copper-tungsten or copper-chromium material; secondly, the tip of the needle electrode 231 cannot be too thin, the radius of the needle electrode cannot be smaller than 0.3mm, and meanwhile, in order to ensure the formation of local high field strength, the needle electrode 231 cannot be too thick, and the optimal value range of the tip radius is 0.3 mm-1.5 mm; thirdly, the number of the needle electrodes 231 is enough and not less than 20, and the needle electrodes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the movable contact 23 as much as possible, so that even if a part of the needle electrodes 231 is ablated by the electric arc, the surface of the movable contact 23 can still generate local high field intensity. The static contact 24 is designed with an ablation-resistant static arc contact made of copper-tungsten or copper-chromium alloy.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure that an overall stable electric field exists between the movable contact 23 and the fixed contact 24, in the present embodiment, the front ends, i.e., the extending ends, of some of the needle-like electrodes 231 are located on the same smooth curved surface, and the other needle-like electrodes 231 are located within the smooth curved surface. This ensures a uniform electric field overall, and the local needle-like electrodes 231 will realize a non-uniform electric field due to the irregularity, but in the present embodiment, the smooth curved surface is an arc-shaped surface protruding outward in the front direction at the position of the center line of the movable contact 23. Of course, in other embodiments, the smooth curved surface may be an inwardly concave arc surface or a smoothly transitional wavy surface. In other embodiments, the distances from the needle electrodes to the same plane perpendicular to the plugging direction may be different, that is, the extending ends of the needle electrodes may be arranged in a staggered manner.
When the isolating switch is in an open state, the needle electrode 231 completely enters the moving end shield 22, and the front end of the needle electrode 231 is not in contact with the static contact 24, so that the needle electrode 231 is protected. When isolator closing state, needle electrode 231 enters into quiet end shield cover 25 inside completely, can not exert an influence to insulating yet, can not reduce isolation fracture opening distance yet, and of course, in other embodiments, also can set up movable end shield cover into with contact body synchronous motion.
In other embodiments, the radius of curvature of the moving contact can be changed correspondingly according to the size of the actual isolating switch; the number of needle electrodes can be increased or decreased according to actual needs.
As shown in fig. 4, the operating circuit diagram of the disconnector for suppressing VFTO in actual use includes the circuit breaker 1, the circuit breaker 5, the disconnector 2, the disconnector 4, the grounding switch 6, the grounding switch 7, etc., and when the disconnector is operated, the grounding switch must be in an open state, so that the grounding switch 6 and the grounding switch 7 are both open during the operations of the disconnector 2 and the disconnector 4. When the circuit breaker 1 and the isolating switch 2 are disconnected, the power supply 3, the isolating switch 2 and the short bus 8, namely the bus between the breaker fracture and the isolating switch fracture, form a typical working condition for the isolating switch to switch the no-load short bus.
The typical operating condition of the isolating switch is to switch a section of no-load short bus in a live mode. In the operation process of the isolating switch, because the moving speed of the movable contact 23 is slow, multiple pre-breakdown or re-breakdown between the contacts can be caused. In the closing process, the two contacts are close to each other to generate pre-breakdown. Due to the slow operating speed, the first breakdown is easy to occur at the peak value of the power frequency voltage. The breakdown current charges the capacitive load, i.e. the short bus, to the supply voltage, the potential difference across the contacts decreases, the arc then extinguishes, and residual charge remains on the short bus 8. Thereafter, the voltage of one side of the power supply 3 is the power frequency voltage, the short bus 8 of the load side can be basically maintained at a suspended voltage, namely the residual charge voltage, because no obvious charge release path exists, when the difference between the voltage of the power supply 3 and the residual voltage of the short bus 8 exceeds the insulation strength between the contacts of the disconnecting switch, breakdown occurs again, after the transient process is finished, the voltage of the short bus 8 is consistent with the voltage of the power supply 3 during breakdown, then the electric arc is extinguished, and the residual charge is left on the short bus 8 again, so that preparation is made for the next breakdown process. In this way, multiple repetitive breakdown processes are formed, which can result in a VFTO of higher voltage amplitude. The opening process is similar to the closing process, and multiple times of re-breakdown can occur between two contacts, which can also result in a higher VFTO value.
The difference between the power supply side voltage and the load side voltage forms the switching contact gap voltage. The maximum voltage that may appear in the contact gap is 2 times of the power frequency power supply peak voltage, and the chance that appears is: the residual charge voltage of the load side bus is the power frequency power supply peak voltage of one polarity, and the power frequency induction voltage on the load side bus is ignored at the moment, so that the power supply side voltage is changed to the power frequency power supply peak voltage of the opposite polarity. When breakdown occurs under 2 times of the peak voltage of the power frequency power supply, namely the power frequency peak value is broken down, the VFTO with the maximum amplitude is generated.
According to the analysis of the VFTO generation process, the opening and closing processes of the isolating switch can be carried out for many times, and dozens of times or even hundreds of times of breakdown can be achieved. The residual charge voltage in each breakdown process is a key influence factor of the amplitude of the VFTO, and the size of the residual voltage directly influences the maximum amplitude of the VFTO. The method is only exceptional in the first breakdown of the opening process, because the voltage of a bus at the load side and the voltage at the power supply side are both the power frequency power supply voltage when the opening is broken down for the first time, the problem of residual charge does not exist; the first breakdown in the closing process is possibly influenced by the residual charge voltage, because the load side bus is completely positioned in the GIS, the earth leakage resistance is very small, the last breakdown residual charge voltage in the opening process of the isolating switch can be maintained for a long time, and the voltage of the first contact gap breakdown in the next closing operation is influenced.
From analysis of the VFTO generation process, it can be seen that the residual voltage magnitude directly affects the maximum amplitude of VFTO. The high amplitude VFTO in the GIS loop is mainly generated by gap breakdown under the condition that bus residual voltage exists, the amplitude of the VFTO generated by the gap breakdown is smaller when the residual voltage does not exist, the damage to GIS equipment cannot be generated, and the maximum value of the VFTO is almost linearly reduced along with the reduction of the residual voltage. Therefore, the VFTO generated by the operation of the isolating switch can be effectively reduced by reducing the residual direct-current voltage of the bus.
Because the operation speed of the isolating switch is slow, repeated breakdown can occur for many times when the no-load short bus is cut off. The suppression principle of the invention for VFTO is illustrated by taking a breakdown process in the opening operation of the isolating switch as an example: before breakdown, the power supply side voltage is power frequency voltage, the load side short bus voltage is residual charge voltage (maximum 1 p.u.), and under the action of the gap voltage of the switch contact, sulfur hexafluoride gas medium near the needle electrode 231 can be locally broken down, so that a corona discharge phenomenon is generated, a large amount of high-concentration space charge is generated, small discharge current is generated in the gap due to the movement of the space charge, and the residual charge on the load side short bus is released through a discharge channel. In the process, the voltage of the contact gap is continuously changed along with the change of the amplitude and the polarity of the power supply at the power supply side, meanwhile, the insulation strength of the contact gap is also increased, if the recovery voltage between the contacts is always smaller than the insulation strength of the gap, the possibility of continuous re-breakdown is avoided, and the whole process is finished; conversely, when the contact gap fails to withstand the gap voltage, the gap breaks down, producing VFTO, and then the breakdown process continues to repeat until the gap voltage is momentarily less than the dielectric strength.
According to the analysis, in each breakdown process, due to the corona effect of the movable contact needle electrode 231, the residual charge voltage can be released, most or even all of the residual charge on the short bus is released when the discharge occurs, therefore, the gap breakdown voltage is far smaller than the most serious power frequency peak breakdown voltage, the maximum amplitude of the generated VFTO is greatly reduced, and the very fast transient process can be ended in advance.
The structure of the embodiment of the movable contact according to the present invention is the same as that of the movable contact in the embodiment of the isolating switch described above, and is not expanded in detail.
Claims (9)
1. Moving contact, its characterized in that: the contact comprises a contact body, wherein a needle electrode extending along the inserting direction is arranged at the inserting end of the contact body, and the needle electrode is used for forming a corona discharge structure with the corresponding end face of a static contact so as to generate corona discharge when a moving contact and the static contact are switched on and off relatively to move and release direct-current residual voltage on a no-load bus connected with the moving contact.
2. A movable contact according to claim 1, wherein: the pin electrodes are arranged side by side at intervals at the inserting end of the contact body, and the distance from the extending end of at least one pin electrode to a plane perpendicular to the inserting direction is smaller than the distance between other pin electrodes and the same plane.
3. A movable contact according to claim 2, wherein: the extending ends of some needle electrodes are on the smooth curved surface, and the extending ends of the other needle electrodes are on the inner side of the smooth curved surface.
4. A movable contact according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the needle electrode is made of copper-tungsten or copper-clad material.
5. A movable contact according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the radius of the tip of the needle electrode is 0.3 mm-1.5 mm.
6. A movable contact according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the needle electrode is connected with the contact body in a welding mode.
7. A movable contact according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the contact body is externally provided with a movable end shield which is in sliding fit with the contact body and is arranged opposite to the static end shield of the static contact so as to ensure the opening distance of the fracture.
8. Isolator, including moving contact and static contact, the static contact includes the static contact body and sets up at this external static end shield cover of static contact, and the moving contact includes the contact body, its characterized in that: the movable contact is the movable contact as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The isolation switch of claim 8, wherein: and a corona discharge structure is formed between the needle electrode at the inserting end of the contact body and the inserting end surface of the static end shielding cover.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811076264.XA CN110911214B (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | Isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and moving contact thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811076264.XA CN110911214B (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | Isolating switch capable of inhibiting VFTO and moving contact thereof |
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| CN110911214A true CN110911214A (en) | 2020-03-24 |
| CN110911214B CN110911214B (en) | 2021-12-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114628193A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-06-14 | 平高集团有限公司 | Contact assembly of arc extinguish chamber and manufacturing method of moving arc contact of arc extinguish chamber |
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| CN110911214B (en) | 2021-12-10 |
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