CN110910744A - Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method - Google Patents
Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110910744A CN110910744A CN201911303440.3A CN201911303440A CN110910744A CN 110910744 A CN110910744 A CN 110910744A CN 201911303440 A CN201911303440 A CN 201911303440A CN 110910744 A CN110910744 A CN 110910744A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- tunnel
- air duct
- duct
- longitudinal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of model tunnels, and discloses a model tunnel, a tunnel fire experiment platform and an experiment method, wherein the model tunnel comprises: the air supply device is connected with a blast port of one of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct, and the exhaust device is connected with an air outlet of one of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct. The tunnel fire experiment platform includes: the device comprises a mobile fire source system, a data acquisition system and the model tunnel. The experimental method utilizes the tunnel fire experiment platform to carry out fire simulation experiment. The invention can realize the lateral, top and longitudinal ventilation and smoke exhaust simulation experiments, and the experiment platform can simulate various complex smoke exhaust modes and has wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of model tunnels, in particular to a model tunnel, a tunnel fire experiment platform and an experiment method.
Background
With the development of economy and the continuous promotion of infrastructure construction in China, more and more tunnels are put into construction and use, including highway tunnels, railway tunnels, urban rail transit tunnels and the like. Because the tunnel is located underground space, vehicle fire is the important hidden danger of tunnel safety, according to statistics, every time the car runs for fifty million kilometers, a fire occurs, and various cables on the train and luggage carried by passengers and the like are also important influencing factors of the fire.
The development of the research on the fire in the tunnel, particularly the research on the fire of automobiles/trains, is an important way for reducing the fire in the tunnel and the influence of the fire. The research approaches comprise fire experiment research, theoretical research, numerical simulation research and the like. And the fire experiment research mainly comprises full-size experiment research and reduced-size experiment research. Full-scale fire experiments may cause irreparable damage to the tunnel structure, and the number of abandoned tunnels is insufficient, so that the most common practice at present is as follows: and establishing a fire experiment platform of the tunnel with the reduced size. The tunnel fire experiment platform with the reduced size has the advantages that: the tunnel model is easy to establish, parameters and working conditions are convenient to change, and the tunnel model has the advantages of low cost, convenience in operation, capability of being operated repeatedly and the like.
Because the tunnel section is little, and the distance is long, and inside air current circulation is difficult, how effectively to discharge fume to the tunnel under calamity conditions such as conflagration, ensure personnel's evacuation safety is one of the difficulties that meet in the engineering always. According to the properties, the length, the surrounding environment and the like of the tunnel, various ventilation and smoke exhaust modes in the tunnel are provided, such as longitudinal air supply and longitudinal smoke exhaust, longitudinal air supply and transverse smoke exhaust, transverse air supply and transverse smoke exhaust, local transverse smoke exhaust and the like. The existing tunnel fire experiment model is low in adaptability to different smoke exhaust modes, most of the existing tunnel fire experiment models can only carry out fire experiment of longitudinal air supply or smoke exhaust, and the existing tunnel fire experiment models cannot be suitable for complex smoke exhaust modes.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a model tunnel, a tunnel fire experiment platform and an experiment method, and aims to solve the technical problem that the experiment platform in the prior art cannot simulate a complex smoke discharge mode.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a model tunnel, including: the air-blowing device comprises a lateral air duct, a top air duct, a longitudinal air duct, an air supply device and an air exhaust device, wherein the lateral air duct is arranged between the side wall of the inner wall of the tunnel and the side wall of the outer wall of the tunnel at the same side along the axial direction of the tunnel, the top air duct is arranged between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel and the top of the outer wall of the tunnel along the axial direction of the tunnel, the longitudinal air duct is arranged inside the tunnel along the axial direction of the tunnel, the air supply device is connected with a blast port of one of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct, and the air exhaust device is connected with an air outlet of one.
A tunnel equipment space is arranged between the side wall of the tunnel inner wall and the side wall of the tunnel outer wall and is positioned on the different side of the side air channel, two safety evacuation doors are respectively arranged at two ends of the tunnel equipment space, and four safety evacuation doors are arranged on the side surfaces of the tunnel equipment space and are respectively arranged on the tunnel inner wall and the tunnel outer wall; the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at one end of the air duct, and the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at the other end of the air duct.
The air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively distributed in a horizontal or vertical uniform distribution along the cross section of the tunnel, and the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are distributed in a plurality of horizontal or vertical uniform distributions along the cross section of the tunnel.
The air pipe comprises a first air pipe, a second air pipe, a third air pipe, a fourth air pipe, a fifth air pipe and a sixth air pipe, switches are arranged on the first air pipe, the second air pipe, the third air pipe, the fourth air pipe, the fifth air pipe and the sixth air pipe, the first air pipe is connected between a blast port of the lateral air duct and the air supply device, the second air pipe is connected between an air outlet of the lateral air duct and the air exhaust device, the third air pipe is connected between a blast port of the top air duct and the air supply device, the fourth air pipe is connected between an air outlet of the top air duct and the air exhaust device, the fifth air pipe is connected between a blast port of the longitudinal air duct and the air supply device, and the sixth air pipe is connected between an air outlet of the longitudinal air duct and the air exhaust device.
The air outlets at one ends of the second air pipe, the fourth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are consistent with the air outlets of the air outlets correspondingly connected, the air outlets at the other ends of the second air pipe, the fourth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are consistent with the air outlets of the air outlets correspondingly connected, and the air outlets at the other ends of the second air pipe, the fourth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are consistent with the air outlets of the air exhaust device correspondingly connected.
Wherein, the top wind channel is equipped with a plurality of first exhaust ports, first exhaust port is followed tunnel extending direction equidistance set up in the top of tunnel inner wall.
The side air channel comprises a first side air channel and a second side air channel which are vertically arranged along the cross section of the tunnel, the first side air channel is positioned above the second side air channel, the first side air channel comprises air outlets arranged at two ends of the first side air channel and a plurality of second smoke outlets arranged on the side surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the second smoke outlets are arranged at equal intervals along the extending direction of the tunnel; the second side air duct comprises air outlets arranged at two ends of the second side air duct and a plurality of air supply outlets arranged on the side surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the air supply outlets are arranged at equal intervals along the extending direction of the tunnel.
The air conditioner also comprises a first air rectifier and a second air rectifier, wherein the first air rectifier and the second air rectifier are respectively arranged at two ends of the longitudinal air duct.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a tunnel fire experiment platform, which comprises: the device comprises a mobile fire source system, a data acquisition system and a model tunnel according to the embodiment of the invention, wherein the mobile fire source system and the data acquisition system are arranged in the model tunnel;
the movable fire source system comprises a movable trolley and a track, wherein the movable trolley is movably arranged on the track and is loaded with fuel for simulating fire;
the data acquisition system includes first temperature acquisition device, second temperature acquisition device, gas concentration acquisition device, velocity of flow acquisition device, balance device and video acquisition device, first temperature acquisition device is used for monitoring the temperature of near flame and the fire source flue gas, second temperature acquisition device is used for monitoring the temperature of the far away flue gas of distance fire source in the tunnel, gas concentration acquisition device is used for monitoring one or more of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide volume concentration, velocity of flow acquisition device is used for monitoring the gas flow rate in lateral part wind channel, top wind channel and the vertical wind channel, the balance device set up in the fire source bottom is used for monitoring the mass change of fuel in the combustion process, video acquisition device install in the tunnel inner wall.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses an experimental method using the tunnel fire experiment platform, which comprises the following steps:
s1, switching the connection state of the air supply device and the blast orifices of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct and switching the connection state of the air exhaust device and the air outlets of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct according to the smoke exhaust mode of the experiment;
s2, starting an air supply device, an air exhaust device and a data acquisition system, and calibrating parameters;
s3, adding fuel into the movable trolley and igniting to simulate a fire environment;
s4, collecting fire simulation data by a data collection system;
and S5, closing the data acquisition system, and closing the air supply device and the air exhaust device after the flue gas is exhausted.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the model tunnel, the tunnel fire experiment platform and the experiment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, one of the side air channel, the top air channel and the longitudinal air channel can be blown by the air supply device, and one of the side air channel, the top air channel and the longitudinal air channel can be exhausted by the exhaust device, so that the side, top and longitudinal air inlet and exhaust simulation experiments can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel fire experiment platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first exhaust port, a second exhaust port and an air supply port according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first temperature acquisition device or a second temperature acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a data acquisition system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fire simulation experiment with longitudinal air supply and longitudinal smoke exhaust according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fire simulation experiment with longitudinal air supply and lateral smoke exhaust according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fire simulation experiment with lateral air supply and top smoke evacuation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fire simulation experiment with longitudinally-blown top smoke evacuation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: a tunnel; 171: a first security evacuation door; 172: a second security evacuation door; 173: a third safe evacuation door; 174: a fourth security evacuation door; 175: a fifth safe evacuation door; 176: a sixth safe evacuation door; 211: a first fan; 212: a second fan; 213: a third fan; 214: a fourth fan; 221: a first tunnel side tuyere; 222: a second tunnel side tuyere; 223: a third tunnel side tuyere; 224: a fourth tunnel side tuyere; 231: a first tunnel top tuyere; 232: a second tunnel top tuyere; 233: a third tunnel top tuyere; 234: a fourth tunnel top tuyere; 241: a first tunnel longitudinal tuyere; 242: a second tunnel longitudinal tuyere; 243: a third tunnel longitudinal tuyere; 244: a fourth tunnel longitudinal tuyere; 251: a first exhaust port; 261: a second smoke exhaust port; 271: an air supply outlet; 281: a first gas rectifier; 282: a second gas rectifier; 3: moving the trolley; 411: a hot end; 42: a connecting wire; 431: a cold end; 441: a collection box; 45: flow rate acquisition device.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the present invention discloses a model tunnel, including: the air exhaust device is connected with air outlets of one of the air channels of the lateral air channel, the top air channel and the longitudinal air channel.
Generally, the tunnel 1 is composed of a tunnel outer wall and a tunnel inner wall, the tunnel outer wall may be horseshoe-shaped, rectangular or arched, the tunnel inner wall is rectangular, and a tunnel air duct (i.e. the side air duct and the top air duct of the embodiment) and a tunnel equipment space are arranged between the tunnel inner wall and the tunnel outer wall. Specifically, a tunnel equipment space is arranged between the side wall of the inner tunnel wall and the side wall of the outer tunnel wall, and the tunnel equipment space is located on the opposite side of the lateral air duct, two ends of the tunnel equipment space are respectively provided with one safety evacuation door (i.e. the first safety evacuation door 171 and the second safety evacuation door 172 in fig. 1), and the side surfaces of the tunnel equipment space are provided with at least two pairs of safety evacuation doors which are respectively arranged on the inner tunnel wall and the outer tunnel wall. In the present embodiment, four evacuation doors are disposed at the side, two at the inner wall of the tunnel, and two at the outer wall of the tunnel (i.e., the third evacuation door 173, the fourth evacuation door 174, the fifth evacuation door 175, and the sixth evacuation door 176 in fig. 1).
Specifically, the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at one end of the air duct, and the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at the other end of the air duct. The position of the blast port on the cross section of the tunnel coincides with the position of the air outlet on the cross section of the tunnel. The air supply device and the air exhaust device can adopt four variable frequency fans, the four variable frequency fans are in consistent type selection, and the air volume and the air pressure of the fans need to meet the requirement of the maximum air volume and the air pressure of the experiment. The installation position of the variable frequency fan is 3-5 meters away from the end surface of the tunnel, 2 fans at each end are installed side by side, the installation height position can be selected as the ground, a fan base can be added, and the height of the fan is appropriately raised.
The air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively distributed in a horizontal or vertical uniform distribution along the cross section of the tunnel 1, and the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are distributed in a plurality of horizontal or vertical uniform distributions along the cross section of the tunnel 1. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, two air outlets and two air inlets of each air duct may be selected. The blast orifice and the air outlet of the lateral air channel are arranged up and down, the blast orifice and the air outlet of the top air channel are arranged left and right, and the blast orifice and the air outlet of the longitudinal air channel are arranged left and right. The air exhaust requirement of a certain cross-sectional area of the air duct can be realized by controlling the opening and closing of the plurality of air outlets and the air outlets or the connection relationship between the air outlets and the air supply device and the air exhaust device, for example, only the air outlet of one fan of top air duct is opened or the air supply device is only connected with the air outlet, the local top air supply function can be realized, only the air outlet of one fan of longitudinal air duct is opened or the air exhaust device is only connected with the air outlet, and the local longitudinal smoke exhaust function can be realized. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the side air duct includes first and second tunnel side air ports 221 and 222 at one end, and third and fourth tunnel side air ports 223 and 224 at the other end. The top duct includes a first tunnel top tuyere 231 and a second tunnel top tuyere 232 at one end, and a third tunnel top tuyere 233 and a fourth tunnel top tuyere 234 at the other end. The longitudinal wind tunnel includes first and second tunnel longitudinal wind ports 241 and 242 at one end, and third and fourth tunnel longitudinal wind ports 243 and 244 at the other end. The air port can be switched between the blast port and the air outlet according to the running state (namely the blast or air-out state) of the fan, namely the blast port and the air outlet in the application do not represent air ports with fixed positions, but are defined according to the action of the blast port and the air outlet, and in actual operation, the same air port can be switched between the blast port and the air outlet according to different flow directions of smoke.
Wherein, still include the tuber pipe and include first tuber pipe, the second tuber pipe, the third tuber pipe, the fourth tuber pipe, fifth tuber pipe and sixth tuber pipe, and at first tuber pipe, the second tuber pipe, the third tuber pipe, the fourth tuber pipe, fifth tuber pipe and sixth tuber pipe all are equipped with the switch, first tuber pipe is connected between the tuyere and the air supply arrangement in lateral part wind channel, the second tuber pipe is connected between the air outlet and the exhaust device in lateral part wind channel, the third tuber pipe is connected between the tuyere and the air supply arrangement in top wind channel, the fourth tuber pipe is connected between the air outlet and the air supply arrangement in top wind channel, fifth tuber pipe is connected between the tuyere and the air supply arrangement in vertical wind channel, the sixth tuber pipe is connected between the air outlet and the air exhaust device in vertical wind channel. The simulation of the corresponding smoke exhaust mode can be realized by switching different air channels by adopting the air pipes, or by connecting a plurality of air pipes on all the air channels like in the embodiment, and the simulation of the corresponding smoke exhaust mode can be realized by controlling the smoke to pass through the corresponding air channels through the switches on the air pipes.
Preferably, the first air pipe, the second air pipe, the third air pipe, the fourth air pipe, the fifth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are variable cross-section air pipes, the sizes of the air ports at one ends of the first air pipe, the third air pipe and the fifth air pipe are consistent with the sizes of the air ports of the corresponding connected blast orifices, the sizes of the air ports at the other ends of the first air pipe, the third air pipe and the fifth air pipe are consistent with the sizes of the air ports of the corresponding connected air supply devices, the sizes of the air ports at one ends of the second air pipe, the fourth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are consistent with the sizes of the air ports of the corresponding connected air outlets, and the sizes of the air ports at the other ends of the second air pipe, the fourth air pipe and the sixth. The cross-sectional areas of the two ends of the air pipe in the embodiment are different and mainly depend on the size of a connected blast port (or an air outlet) and the size of an air supply device (or an air exhaust device) so as to ensure that the joint has no leakage and normal air inlet and smoke exhaust.
As shown in fig. 2, the top air duct has a plurality of first smoke outlets 251, and the first smoke outlets 251 are equidistantly disposed on the top of the inner wall of the tunnel along the extending direction of the tunnel 1. In this embodiment, since toxic gases such as carbon monoxide in the flue gas are lighter than air, they will float upwards, and under the driving action of the air flow of the air supply device, they enter the top air duct from the first exhaust port 251, and under the action of the air exhaust device, they are exhausted from the air outlet.
As shown in fig. 2, the side air duct includes a first side air duct and a second side air duct vertically arranged along the cross section of the tunnel, the first side air duct is located above the second side air duct, the first side air duct includes air outlets arranged at two ends of the first side air duct and a plurality of second smoke outlets 261 arranged on the side surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the second smoke outlets 261 are equidistantly arranged along the extending direction of the tunnel 1; the second side air duct comprises air outlets arranged at two ends of the second side air duct and a plurality of air supply outlets 271 arranged on the side surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the air supply outlets 271 are equidistantly arranged along the extending direction of the tunnel 1. Because most harmful gas in the flue gas is lighter than the air, for example carbon monoxide etc. can float upwards, consequently adopt the second side wind channel that is located the bottom as inlet air channel in this embodiment, and the first side wind channel that is located the top is as smoke exhaust channel. Specifically, in this embodiment, air is supplied to the air outlet at one end of the second side air duct through the air supply device, and enters the tunnel through the air supply outlet 271, so as to push the flue gas to be discharged; and the flue gas in the tunnel enters the first side air flue from the second smoke outlet 261 of the first side air flue due to the pushing of the air supply device, and is exhausted through the air outlet at one end by virtue of the air exhaust device.
The air conditioner further comprises a first air rectifier 281 and a second air rectifier 282, wherein the first air rectifier 281 and the second air rectifier 282 are respectively arranged at two ends of the longitudinal air duct. In this embodiment, the flue gas in the experimental section is rectified by the first gas rectifier 281 and the second gas rectifier 282, so as to ensure that the flow field in the experimental section is stable during the experiment, and ensure the repeatability of the experiment.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a tunnel fire experiment platform, which comprises: the mobile fire source system, the data acquisition system and the model tunnel of the embodiment are arranged in the model tunnel;
the movable fire source system comprises a movable trolley 3 and a track, wherein the movable trolley 3 is movably arranged on the track, and the movable trolley 3 is loaded with fuel for simulating fire;
the data acquisition system comprises a plurality of first temperature acquisition devices (a thermocouple sensor can be adopted), a plurality of second temperature acquisition devices (a thermocouple sensor can be adopted), a gas concentration acquisition device (a gas detector can be adopted), a flow rate acquisition device 45 (a pitot tube flow rate meter can be adopted), a balance device and a video acquisition device (a camera can be adopted), wherein the first temperature acquisition devices are used for monitoring the temperature of the flame and the smoke near a fire source, the second temperature acquisition devices are used for monitoring the temperature of the smoke far away from the fire source in the tunnel, the gas concentration acquisition device is used for monitoring the volume concentration of one or more of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the flow rate acquisition device 45 is used for monitoring the gas flow rate in a side air channel, a top air channel and a longitudinal air channel, the balance device is arranged at the bottom of the fire source and is used for monitoring the mass change of the fuel in the combustion process, the video acquisition device is installed in the tunnel inner wall.
Specifically, in the embodiment, a mobile fire source system is adopted to simulate the situation that a train breaks out a fire in a tunnel. The tracks are made of steel, and the distance between the two tracks is the same as the wheel track of the movable trolley 3. The moving trolley 3 is provided with a motor for driving the moving trolley to move, and the moving speed of the moving trolley 3 can be obtained by measuring the circumference of the tire of the moving trolley 3 and multiplying the circumference of the tire by the rotating speed of the motor. And opening the air supply device, the air exhaust device and the data acquisition system in the moving process of the trolley to finish the simulation experiment.
According to the model tunnel, the tunnel fire experiment platform and the experiment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, one of the side air channel, the top air channel and the longitudinal air channel can be blown by the air supply device, and one of the side air channel, the top air channel and the longitudinal air channel can be exhausted by the exhaust device, so that the side, top and longitudinal air inlet and exhaust simulation experiments can be realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the first temperature acquisition device in the present embodiment is placed in the first temperature acquisition box, and the second temperature acquisition device is placed in the second temperature acquisition box. The collection box is located experimental section tunnel equipment space, and the advantage lies in: the temperature collection box is positioned outside the experimental space and cannot be heated by hot air, the cold end of the collection device cannot be heated, and the accuracy of a measurement result is high; the temperature collection box is located outside the experimental space, so that the influence of equipment on airflow in the experimental space can be reduced, and the stability of the airflow is facilitated. Specifically, first temperature acquisition device and second temperature acquisition device in this embodiment all adopt thermocouple sensor to carry out the temperature measurement, and its cold junction 431 is connected through connecting wire 42 with hot junction 411, and inside the tunnel was introduced to hot junction 411, the cold junction 431 was placed in collection case 441, was located the equipment space, can not receive the temperature influence in the experimental space, had guaranteed the experiment accuracy.
According to the above embodiments, several simulated fire experiment smoke discharge modes are listed, but not limited to the following smoke discharge modes:
as shown in fig. 5, the air supply device and the air exhaust device can be respectively connected to two ends of the longitudinal air duct, so that a simulation experiment of longitudinal air supply and longitudinal smoke exhaust can be realized.
As shown in fig. 6, the air supply device at one end can be connected to one end of the longitudinal air duct, and the air exhaust device at the other end can be connected to one end of the lateral air duct, so that a simulation experiment of longitudinal air supply and lateral smoke exhaust can be realized.
As shown in fig. 7, the air supply device at one end can be connected to one end of the side air duct, and the air exhaust device at the other end can be connected to one end of the top air duct, so that a simulation experiment of lateral air supply and top exhaust can be realized.
As shown in fig. 8, the air supply device at one end can be connected to one end of the longitudinal air duct, and the air exhaust device at the other end can be connected to one end of the top air duct, so that a simulation experiment of longitudinally supplying air and discharging smoke from the top can be realized.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses an experimental method for the tunnel fire experiment platform by utilizing the embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
s1, switching the connection state of the air supply device and the blast orifices of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct and switching the connection state of the air exhaust device and the air outlets of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct according to the smoke exhaust mode of the experiment;
s2, starting an air supply device, an air exhaust device and a data acquisition system, and calibrating parameters;
s3, adding fuel into the movable trolley 3 and igniting to simulate a fire environment;
s4, collecting fire simulation data by a data collection system;
and S5, closing the data acquisition system, and closing the air supply device and the air exhaust device after the flue gas is exhausted.
Specifically, before the experiment begins, parameter calibration is required, which includes: the method comprises the following steps of fan frequency calibration, mobile fire source speed calibration and air port air speed balance adjustment.
1. Calibrating the frequency of the fan:
and S1, connecting an air supply device (namely a fan) with the corresponding air duct and connecting an air exhaust device (namely the fan) with the corresponding air duct according to the smoke exhaust mode of the experiment required.
And S2, installing the flow rate collecting device 45.
And S3, starting the fan. Wherein, two fans start to supply air, two fans start to discharge smoke, and the frequency is uniformly set as X% of the highest frequency (X <100, but according to experience, X is 5).
And S4, measuring the stabilized average flow velocity of the section V1 by the flow velocity acquisition device 45, wherein V1 × A is the air volume (A is the area of the section of the tunnel) at the frequency.
S5, adjust 4 fans frequency to 2X% (i.e. twice X%), repeat S4.
S6, repeating S4 and S5 until the fan reaches the highest frequency. And fitting the fan air volume under different fan frequencies to obtain an air volume fitting formula under different fan frequencies.
2. Mobile fire source speed calibration:
s1, mounting and mating: according to the experimental requirements, the total weight of the instruments and the fuel carried by the trolley is calculated, and the same weight is matched and installed on the trolley.
And S2, installing a tachometer.
S3, the motor frequency of the trolley 3 is set to X% of the highest frequency (X <100, but X is empirically 5).
And S4, starting the movable trolley 3, and recording the wheel rotation speed of the trolley by the tachometer.
And S5, the moving trolley 3 passes through the braking point, automatically brakes and stops.
And S6, checking the data of the tachometer, and multiplying the maximum rotating speed by the circumference of the tire of the trolley to obtain the maximum speed of the trolley.
S7, adjusting the frequency of the trolley motor to 2X% (namely twice X%), and repeating S4-S6.
S8, repeating S4-S7 until the trolley reaches the highest frequency. And fitting the maximum speed of the trolley under different motor frequencies to obtain a trolley speed fitting formula under different motor frequencies.
3. Wind speed balance adjustment of a wind port: the method comprises the steps of balancing the wind speed of a top exhaust port, balancing the wind speed of a side exhaust port and balancing the wind speed of a side air supply port.
The top smoke outlet wind speed balance adjusting step comprises the following steps:
s1, connecting the first fan 211 and the second fan 212 at one end of the tunnel to the first tunnel longitudinal air opening 241 and the second tunnel longitudinal air opening 242 (equivalent to the air outlets of the longitudinal air ducts), respectively, and connecting the third fan 213 and the fourth fan 214 at the other end of the tunnel to the third tunnel top air opening 233 and the fourth tunnel top air opening 234 (equivalent to the air outlets of the top air ducts), respectively.
And S2, starting 4 fans, wherein the fans (namely the first fan 211 and the second fan 212) arranged at the air outlet start to supply air, the fans (namely the third fan 213 and the fourth fan 214) arranged at the air outlet start to discharge smoke, and the fan frequencies are all adjusted to be 80% of the highest frequency.
And S3, measuring the air volume of all top smoke outlets by using a flow measuring device (such as an air volume cover), recording, and calculating to obtain the average air volume of the top smoke exhaust.
S4, if the flow of the top smoke outlet is more than 10% of the average air volume, adjusting the air volume adjusting valve to reduce the air volume; if the flow of the top smoke outlet is less than the average air volume by more than 10 percent, adjusting the air volume adjusting valve and properly increasing the air volume.
And S5, repeating S3 and S4 until the difference between the air volume of all top smoke outlets and the average air volume is less than 10%.
Adjusting and balancing the wind speed of a side smoke outlet:
the first fan 211 and the second fan 212 at one end of the tunnel are respectively connected to the first tunnel longitudinal air port 241 and the second tunnel longitudinal air port 242 (equivalent to the air outlets of the longitudinal air ducts), the third fan 213 and the fourth fan 214 at the other end of the tunnel are respectively connected to the third tunnel side air port 223 and the fourth tunnel side air port 224 (equivalent to the air outlets of the side air ducts), wherein the fan installed at the air outlets opens the air supply, and the fan installed at the air outlets opens the smoke discharge. And in the subsequent steps, the wind speed balance of the top smoke outlet is adjusted.
And (3) balancing a side air supply outlet:
the first fan 211 and the second fan 212 at one end of the tunnel are respectively connected to the first tunnel side air port 221 and the second tunnel side air port 222 (equivalent to the air outlets of the side air ducts), and the first fan 211 and the second fan 212 at the other end of the tunnel are respectively connected to the third tunnel longitudinal air port 243 and the fourth tunnel longitudinal air port 244 (equivalent to the air outlets of the longitudinal air ducts), wherein the fans installed at the air outlets open air supply, and the fans installed at the air outlets open smoke exhaust. And in the subsequent steps, the wind speed balance of the top smoke outlet is adjusted.
Take a fire experiment with a fire source moving in a longitudinal air supply and transverse smoke exhaust mode as an example.
And S1, setting the experimental working condition as a movable fire source fire experiment in a longitudinal air supply and transverse smoke exhaust mode.
S2, connecting the first fan 211 and the second fan 212 at one end of the tunnel to the first tunnel longitudinal air opening 241 and the second tunnel longitudinal air opening 242 (equivalent to the air outlets of the longitudinal air ducts), respectively, and connecting the third fan 213 and the fourth fan 214 at the other end of the tunnel to the third tunnel top air opening 233 and the fourth tunnel top air opening 234 (equivalent to the air outlets of the top air ducts), respectively.
And S3, adding a certain amount of fuel according to the experimental working condition requirement.
And S4, setting the frequency of the trolley motor according to the experimental working condition requirements.
And S5, starting 4 fans, and setting the fan frequency according to the experiment requirements.
S6, starting the flow rate collecting device 45, the first temperature collecting device, the second temperature collecting device, the gas concentration collecting device, the video collecting device, the balance device and the like.
And S7, igniting the fuel on the trolley.
And S8, starting the trolley.
And S9, accelerating the trolley, driving at a constant speed, decelerating and braking.
And S10, finishing fuel combustion.
And S11, closing the data acquisition system.
And S12, after all the hot smoke in the tunnel is removed, closing the fan.
And S13, cutting off the power and cleaning the tunnel.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A model tunnel, comprising: the air-blowing device comprises a lateral air duct, a top air duct, a longitudinal air duct, an air supply device and an air exhaust device, wherein the lateral air duct is arranged between the side wall of the inner wall of the tunnel and the side wall of the outer wall of the tunnel at the same side along the axial direction of the tunnel, the top air duct is arranged between the top of the inner wall of the tunnel and the top of the outer wall of the tunnel along the axial direction of the tunnel, the longitudinal air duct is arranged inside the tunnel along the axial direction of the tunnel, the air supply device is connected with a blast port of one of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct, and the air exhaust device is connected with an air outlet of one.
2. The model tunnel according to claim 1, wherein a tunnel equipment space is provided between the side wall of the inner tunnel wall and the side wall of the outer tunnel wall, and the tunnel equipment space is located on the opposite side of the side air duct, and the two ends of the tunnel equipment space are respectively provided with one safety evacuation door, and the sides of the tunnel equipment space are provided with at least two pairs of safety evacuation doors which are respectively provided on the inner tunnel wall and the outer tunnel wall; the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at one end of the air duct, and the air outlets of the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct are respectively arranged at the other end of the air duct.
3. The model tunnel of claim 1, wherein the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct have a plurality of air outlets respectively and are horizontally or vertically uniformly distributed along the cross section of the tunnel, and the lateral air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct have a plurality of air outlets horizontally or vertically uniformly distributed along the cross section of the tunnel.
4. The model tunnel of claim 1, further comprising an air duct comprising a first air duct, a second air duct, a third air duct, a fourth air duct, a fifth air duct, and a sixth air duct, and the first air pipe, the second air pipe, the third air pipe, the fourth air pipe, the fifth air pipe and the sixth air pipe are all provided with switches, the first air pipe is connected between the blast port of the side air duct and the air supply device, the second air pipe is connected between the air outlet of the side air duct and the air exhaust device, the third air pipe is connected between a blast port of the top air duct and the air supply device, the fourth air pipe is connected between an air outlet of the top air duct and the air exhaust device, the fifth air pipe is connected between a blast port of the longitudinal air duct and the air supply device, and the sixth air pipe is connected between an air outlet of the longitudinal air duct and the air exhaust device.
5. The model tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth air ducts are variable cross-section air ducts, the sizes of the air openings at one ends of the first, third and fifth air ducts are the same as the sizes of the air openings of the correspondingly connected blast ports, the sizes of the air openings at the other ends of the first, third and fifth air ducts are the same as the sizes of the air openings of the correspondingly connected air supply devices, the sizes of the air openings at one ends of the second, fourth and sixth air ducts are the same as the sizes of the air openings of the correspondingly connected air outlets, and the sizes of the air openings at the other ends of the second, fourth and sixth air ducts are the same as the sizes of the air openings of the correspondingly connected air exhaust devices.
6. The model tunnel of claim 1, wherein the top air duct is provided with a plurality of first exhaust ports, the first exhaust ports being equidistantly disposed at the top of the tunnel inner wall in the tunnel extending direction.
7. The model tunnel of claim 1, wherein the lateral air duct comprises a first lateral air duct and a second lateral air duct vertically arranged along the cross section of the tunnel, the first lateral air duct is located above the second lateral air duct, the first lateral air duct comprises air outlets arranged at two ends of the first lateral air duct and a plurality of second smoke outlets arranged on the lateral surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the second smoke outlets are equidistantly arranged along the extending direction of the tunnel; the second side air duct comprises air outlets arranged at two ends of the second side air duct and a plurality of air supply outlets arranged on the side surface of the inner wall of the tunnel, and the air supply outlets are arranged at equal intervals along the extending direction of the tunnel.
8. The model tunnel of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a first gas rectifier and a second gas rectifier, the first gas rectifier and the second gas rectifier being respectively disposed at two ends of the longitudinal wind tunnel.
9. The utility model provides a tunnel fire experiment platform which characterized in that includes: the tunnel model comprises a mobile fire source system, a data acquisition system and the tunnel model according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mobile fire source system and the data acquisition system are arranged in the tunnel model;
the movable fire source system comprises a movable trolley and a track, wherein the movable trolley is movably arranged on the track and is loaded with fuel for simulating fire;
the data acquisition system includes first temperature acquisition device, second temperature acquisition device, gas concentration acquisition device, velocity of flow acquisition device, balance device and video acquisition device, first temperature acquisition device is used for monitoring the temperature of near flame and the fire source flue gas, second temperature acquisition device is used for monitoring the temperature of the far away flue gas of distance fire source in the tunnel, gas concentration acquisition device is arranged in monitoring one of them or the multiple volume concentration in oxygen, carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide, velocity of flow acquisition device is used for monitoring the gas flow rate in lateral part wind channel, top wind channel and the vertical wind channel, the balance device set up in the fire source bottom is used for monitoring the mass change of fuel in the combustion process, video acquisition device install in the tunnel inner wall.
10. An experimental method using the tunnel fire experimental platform as claimed in claim 9, comprising:
s1, switching the connection state of the air supply device and the blast orifices of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct and switching the connection state of the air exhaust device and the air outlets of the side air duct, the top air duct and the longitudinal air duct according to the smoke exhaust mode of the experiment;
s2, starting an air supply device, an air exhaust device and a data acquisition system, and calibrating parameters;
s3, adding fuel into the movable trolley and igniting to simulate a fire environment;
s4, collecting fire simulation data by a data collection system;
and S5, closing the data acquisition system, and closing the air supply device and the air exhaust device after the flue gas is exhausted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911303440.3A CN110910744B (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911303440.3A CN110910744B (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110910744A true CN110910744A (en) | 2020-03-24 |
| CN110910744B CN110910744B (en) | 2020-11-27 |
Family
ID=69826071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911303440.3A Active CN110910744B (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2019-12-17 | Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110910744B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111462606A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Traffic tunnel group smoke cross flow research and emergency rescue system |
| CN113482693A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-08 | 闫晓俊 | Tunnel smoke-proof partition simulation device and method, calculation model and application |
| CN113916580A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-11 | 福州大学 | Subway tunnel fire test device and working method thereof |
| CN114530085A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 西南交通大学 | Snake-shaped curve highway tunnel fire simulation test platform system |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1937006A (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2007-03-28 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Subway disaster accident simulation testing platform |
| CN102720519A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 | Novel tunnel ventilation system for subway station |
| EP2583270A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2013-04-24 | Petrus Johannes Maria Stallen | Audiovisual route system |
| CN105845018A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-08-10 | 北京交通大学 | Highway tunnel ventilation system simulation platform building method and highway tunnel ventilation system simulation platform |
| CN106971666A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-07-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of multi-functional underground railway tunnel fire ventilation smoke exhaust pattern simulation research platform |
| CN108533305A (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2018-09-14 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | The ventilation smoke exhaust method of train fire in a kind of Subway Tunnel |
| CN108561170A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of Tunnel Ventilation System having both escape and fire-proof function |
| CN208803864U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-04-30 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Metro station tunnel heat-extraction system |
| CN110459116A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of multifunctional tunnel fire side emphasis smoke evacuation analog platform |
-
2019
- 2019-12-17 CN CN201911303440.3A patent/CN110910744B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1937006A (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2007-03-28 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Subway disaster accident simulation testing platform |
| EP2583270A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2013-04-24 | Petrus Johannes Maria Stallen | Audiovisual route system |
| CN102720519A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 广州地铁设计研究院有限公司 | Novel tunnel ventilation system for subway station |
| CN105845018A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-08-10 | 北京交通大学 | Highway tunnel ventilation system simulation platform building method and highway tunnel ventilation system simulation platform |
| CN106971666A (en) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-07-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of multi-functional underground railway tunnel fire ventilation smoke exhaust pattern simulation research platform |
| CN208803864U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-04-30 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Metro station tunnel heat-extraction system |
| CN108533305A (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2018-09-14 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | The ventilation smoke exhaust method of train fire in a kind of Subway Tunnel |
| CN108561170A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of Tunnel Ventilation System having both escape and fire-proof function |
| CN110459116A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of multifunctional tunnel fire side emphasis smoke evacuation analog platform |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111462606A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Traffic tunnel group smoke cross flow research and emergency rescue system |
| CN113482693A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-08 | 闫晓俊 | Tunnel smoke-proof partition simulation device and method, calculation model and application |
| CN113482693B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2024-04-09 | 闫晓俊 | Tunnel smoke-proof partition division simulation device and method, calculation model and application |
| CN113916580A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-11 | 福州大学 | Subway tunnel fire test device and working method thereof |
| CN114530085A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 西南交通大学 | Snake-shaped curve highway tunnel fire simulation test platform system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110910744B (en) | 2020-11-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110910744B (en) | Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method | |
| CN203838948U (en) | Subway station key combination portion fire smoke control simulation experiment platform | |
| CN103971576A (en) | Experiment platform for simulation of control over fire smoke at key connection positions of subway station | |
| CN105243950B (en) | A kind of Fire Ventilation smoke evacuation experimental simulation device contacting tunnel system based on City Underground Transportation | |
| CN103091116B (en) | Wind sand environment simulation experiment table | |
| CN202305240U (en) | Wind sand environment simulation experiment table | |
| KR101239365B1 (en) | Complementary ventilating apparatus | |
| CN105240040B (en) | The method of ventilation of the double hole constructions of inclined shaft auxiliary | |
| CN107393405A (en) | A kind of subway is grown up section fire test system and method | |
| NL2030272B1 (en) | Model tunnel, tunnel fire experiment platform and experiment method | |
| WO2013094829A1 (en) | Active pressurization system making use of platform track area upper slab of underground train station | |
| CN110310562A (en) | The double-deck major long tunnel fire emphasis smoke evacuation pilot system | |
| CN110566260B (en) | Movable lateral smoke exhaust device in tunnel and test simulation system | |
| CN207068331U (en) | A kind of subway is grown up section fire test device | |
| CN107387146B (en) | Natural smoke exhausting, heat exhausting and tunnel ventilation system and method for subway station track area | |
| CN207437115U (en) | A kind of underground railway tunnel fire ventilation smoke extraction system | |
| CN215355249U (en) | Ventilation and dust removal system for closed greenhouse of coke oven | |
| KR100643837B1 (en) | The smoke provision device for smoke control a test device of railway tunnel | |
| CN107083984A (en) | A kind of colliery central water sump whole wind pressure ventilation system and design method | |
| CN208548089U (en) | A kind of tunnel fire test device of the top containing crossbeam | |
| CN111415568A (en) | Double-hole single-line tunnel encrypted transverse passage type rescue station fire model test system | |
| CN107503794B (en) | Subway sectional tunnel accident smoke evacuation wind speed determines method | |
| CN218509533U (en) | Tunnel turbocharging remote ventilation system | |
| CN115163162B (en) | Smoke exhaust drainage system for construction shaft | |
| CN219711565U (en) | Mobile tunnel smoke exhaust system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |