CN110907535A - Defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning - Google Patents
Defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN110907535A CN110907535A CN201911232804.3A CN201911232804A CN110907535A CN 110907535 A CN110907535 A CN 110907535A CN 201911232804 A CN201911232804 A CN 201911232804A CN 110907535 A CN110907535 A CN 110907535A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/103—Number of transducers one emitter, two or more receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2636—Surfaces cylindrical from inside
Abstract
The invention discloses a defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning, relates to the technical field of ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive detection, and solves the problem that the defect in a pipeline is difficult to realize accurate positioning. The method comprises the following steps, step 1, installing a sensor: selecting 2 positions in a pipeline and respectively installing 1 rotatable guided wave sensor, wherein the first sensor is a self-excited and self-received sensor, and the second sensor is a signal receiving sensor; step 2, scanning a sensor: the first sensor rotates for a circle to excite and receive guided wave signals, the existence range and the excitation direction of the defect are determined, and meanwhile, the second sensor rotates for a circle to acquire guided wave signals and determine the existence direction of the defect; and step 3, accurate positioning: and carrying out precision positioning on the defects according to related data when the straight lines in the receiving directions of the two sensors intersect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing, in particular to a defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning.
Background
Ultrasonic guided waves are special ultrasonic waves, can detect surface and internal defects in a pipeline or a rod-shaped component at the same time, realize large-range and full-structure detection, and have small energy attenuation and long propagation distance in the propagation process. Due to the above advantages, guided wave detection technology is widely used in industry.
When the existing ultrasonic guided wave technology is used for positioning the pipeline defects, the array sensor is generally fixed on the pipeline for detection, the method needs more sensors and has higher requirement on the consistency of the array sensor, and adjacent sensors can also generate signal interference, so that the pipeline defects cannot be accurately positioned. Therefore, a method for accurately positioning the pipeline defects by rotating and scanning the sensor becomes one of research hotspots and difficulties in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning, which can solve the problem that the defects in the pipeline are difficult to realize accurate positioning.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning comprises the following implementation steps of 1, installing a sensor: selecting 2 positions in a pipeline and respectively installing 1 rotatable guided wave sensor, wherein the first sensor is a self-excited and self-received sensor, and the second sensor is a signal receiving sensor; step 2, scanning a sensor: the first sensor rotates for a circle to excite and receive guided wave signals, the existence range and the excitation direction of the defect are determined, and meanwhile, the second sensor rotates for a circle to acquire guided wave signals and determine the existence direction of the defect; and step 3, accurate positioning: and carrying out precision positioning on the defects according to related data when the straight lines in the receiving directions of the two sensors intersect.
Further, in step 3, when the first sensor excites the guided wave and rotationally acquires the maximum amplitude of the defect reflection echo, and the second sensor rotationally acquires the maximum reflection echo of the defect reflection echo, the defect position is axially positioned according to the time domain signal, and the defect position is circumferentially positioned according to the normal intersection when the two sensors acquire the maximum amplitude of the defect reflection echo.
Further, in the step 1, the two sensors are mounted at the same axial and symmetrical circumferential position in the pipeline.
Further, the mechanical rotation of the sensor is accomplished by a servo motor.
Further, in the step 2, the two sensors receive and collect guided wave signals in an angle increment of 1-5 degrees.
Further, the first sensor and the second sensor both adopt magnetostrictive sensors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the two sensors are mechanically rotated to acquire signals in a self-excited self-receiving mode and a one-excited one-receiving mode, so that excessive sensors are not needed, the number of the sensors is reduced, and the detection effect is ensured; through analyzing the signals collected by the two sensors, the defect positioning is realized by the intersection point of the normal lines of the sensors, the reliability of the detection result is enhanced, the problems that when too many sensors are adopted, the adjacent sensors generate signal interference and the accurate positioning of the defects of the pipeline cannot be realized can be prevented, and the cost is saved while the positioning precision of the defects in the pipeline can be improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetostrictive sensor according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the detection principle of an embodiment of the present invention;
the labels shown in the figures are: 1-adapter, 2-flat cable, 3-iron plate, 4-iron cobalt band, 5-coupling agent, 6-pipe wall, 7-pipeline, 8-first sensor, 9-defect and 10-second sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning comprises the following implementation steps of 1, installing a sensor: selecting 2 positions in the pipeline 7 and respectively installing 1 rotatable guided wave sensor, wherein the first sensor 8 is a self-excited self-receiving sensor, and the second sensor 10 is a signal receiving sensor; step 2, scanning a sensor: the first sensor rotates for 8 circles to excite and receive guided wave signals, the existence range and the excitation direction of the defect 9 are determined, meanwhile, the second sensor 10 rotates for one circle to collect guided wave signals, and the existence direction of the defect 9 is determined; and step 3, accurate positioning: and carrying out precision positioning on the defect 9 according to related data when the straight lines in the receiving directions of the two sensors intersect. In the step 3, when the first sensor 8 excites the guided wave and rotatably acquires the maximum amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect 9, and the second sensor 10 rotatably acquires the maximum reflected echo of the defect 9, the position of the defect 9 can be axially positioned according to the time domain signal, and the position of the defect 9 can be circumferentially positioned according to the intersection point of the normal lines when the two sensors acquire the maximum amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect. In the step 1, the two sensors are arranged at the same axial and symmetrical circumferential positions in the pipeline 7, and the mechanical rotation of the sensors is completed by a servo motor. In the step 2, the two sensors receive and collect guided wave signals in an angle increment of 1-5 degrees, and the first sensor 8 and the second sensor 10 both adopt magnetostrictive sensors.
The accurate positioning of the position of the defect 9 is realized by acquiring signals by two sensors in a mechanical rotation mode, firstly, a phase velocity dispersion curve is calculated according to the outer diameter, the wall thickness, the density, the Young modulus and the Poisson ratio of the pipeline 7 to be detected, a proper detection frequency is selected according to the curve, and the sensor with the corresponding center frequency is manufactured for guided wave detection. And secondly, scanning the pipeline 7 by mechanical rotation of the sensor, and acquiring data by angle increment of 1 degree of rotation each time. The two rotatable sensors are distributed at the symmetrical positions of the same section of the pipeline 7, signals are acquired in a self-excited self-receiving mode and a first-excited one-receiving mode, and the axial and circumferential positions of the defect 9 are positioned by analyzing the rotation angles of the two sensors.
The invention uses a magnetostrictive transducer to detect guided waves, the principle of the invention is shown in figure 1, an iron-cobalt belt 4 containing a bias magnetic field is coupled with a pipe wall 6 through a coupling agent 5, a flat cable 2 generates an alternating magnetic field after being electrified around an iron plate 3, the flat cable 2 is connected with an adapter 1 through a socket, the iron-cobalt belt 4 magnetized by a permanent magnet provides a static bias magnetic field, the flat cable 2 introduced with alternating current provides an alternating magnetic field, and the alternating magnetic field acts on the iron-cobalt belt 4. The iron-cobalt belt 4 is deformed by widermann effect under the combined action of a static magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field, and the deformation is transmitted to the pipe wall 6 through the coupling agent 5, so that ultrasonic guided waves are generated.
As shown in fig. 2, two rotatable guided wave sensors are disposed at the same axial and symmetrical circumferential position of the pipe 7, wherein the first sensor 8 performs excitation and reception of guided wave signals, and the second sensor 10 performs reception of guided wave signals. The first sensor 8 firstly carries out rotary scanning, acquires data in a self-excited and self-collected mode, acquires the data in an angle increment of 1 degree of rotation each time, analyzes the signal amplitude of the defect 9, acquires data comprising a received time domain signal, and keeps excitation according to the time direction when the reflection echo amplitude of the defect 9 in the time domain signal is maximum; because the first sensor 8 excites guided waves bidirectionally and has a diffusion angle, the second sensor 10 needs to perform rotary scanning again, acquire data by rotating an angle increment of 1 degree, acquire time domain signal data in a receiving mode, and position the defect 9 according to the time domain signal and the direction of the maximum amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect 9 received by the first sensor 8 and the second sensor 10.
As shown in FIG. 3, a first sensor 8 firstly collects data in a self-excited and self-receiving mode, the orientation of a defect 9 is determined according to the amplitude and the rotation angle theta of a reflected echo of the defect 9, when the amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect 9 received by the first sensor 8 is the maximum, the defect 9 is located in the normal direction of the first sensor 8, the guided wave excited by the first sensor 8 is in two-way propagation and has a wide coverage range, the defect 9 cannot be accurately located, the excitation direction of the defect 9 is kept unchanged, a second sensor 10 performs data collection by rotating and scanning, the defect 9 is located according to the amplitude and the rotation angle β of the reflected echo, when the amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect 9 received by the second sensor 10 is the maximum, the defect 9 is located in the normal direction of the second sensor 10, the position of the defect 9 can be axially located by a time domain signal, the defect 9 can be circumferentially located according to the normal intersection point when the amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect 9 collected by the.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A defect positioning guided wave detection method based on rotary scanning is characterized in that: the implementation steps are as follows,
step 1, installing a sensor: selecting 2 positions in a pipeline (7) and respectively installing 1 rotatable guided wave sensor, wherein a first sensor (8) is a self-excited self-receiving sensor, and a second sensor (10) is a signal receiving sensor;
step 2, scanning a sensor: the first sensor (8) rotates for a circle to excite and receive guided wave signals, the existence range and the excitation direction of the defect (9) are determined, meanwhile, the second sensor (10) rotates for a circle to acquire guided wave signals, and the existence direction of the defect (9) is determined;
and step 3, accurate positioning: and carrying out precision positioning on the defect (9) according to related data when the straight lines in the receiving directions of the two sensors intersect.
2. The defect positioning guided wave detection method based on the rotary scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, when the first sensor (8) excites the guided waves and rotatably acquires the maximum amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect (9) and the second sensor (10) rotatably acquires the maximum reflected echo of the defect (9), the position of the defect (9) is axially positioned according to the time domain signal, and the position of the defect (9) is circumferentially positioned according to the normal intersection point when the two sensors acquire the maximum amplitude of the reflected echo of the defect (9).
3. The defect positioning guided wave detection method based on the rotary scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the two sensors are arranged at the same axial and symmetrical circumferential positions in the pipeline (7).
4. The defect positioning guided wave detection method based on the rotary scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mechanical rotation of the sensor is accomplished by a servo motor.
5. The defect positioning guided wave detection method based on the rotary scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the two sensors receive and collect guided wave signals at the angle increment of 1-5 degrees.
6. The defect positioning guided wave detection method based on the rotary scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first sensor (8) and the second sensor (9) both adopt magnetostrictive sensors.
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| CN113533507A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Built-in pipeline damage detection device and detection method thereof |
| CN114755312A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-07-15 | 中南大学 | Method for detecting defects of inner hole of cylindrical component |
| CN114755312B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-05-17 | 中南大学 | Method for detecting defects of inner holes of cylindrical member |
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| CN114755312B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-05-17 | 中南大学 | Method for detecting defects of inner holes of cylindrical member |
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| CN110907535B (en) | 2021-08-20 |
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