CN110906876A - Non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method and device - Google Patents
Non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110906876A CN110906876A CN201911243198.5A CN201911243198A CN110906876A CN 110906876 A CN110906876 A CN 110906876A CN 201911243198 A CN201911243198 A CN 201911243198A CN 110906876 A CN110906876 A CN 110906876A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B11/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision non-contact detection; the invention provides a non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method and a non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection device, which can only perform qualitative detection by adopting contact detection, can scratch the surface of a part during detection, has few sampling points, low detection efficiency and low precision, and has the advantages of complicated calculation formula, complex process, slow system operation and low efficiency by adopting methods such as a three-point method, a least square method, a positive space chord theorem and the like of laser non-contact measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-precision non-contact detection, in particular to a non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method and device.
Background
In most machined parts, many bore diameter parts are usually involved, such as bore diameters in the case of shaft bores, bore diameters of various rotating body parts, bore diameters of cylindrical or tubular parts, and the like. In order to ensure that the assembly is good in contact or meet the requirements of usability and the like, the processing of the inner diameter size has high requirements, the processing quality directly influences the assembly precision and the usability, and the parts are applied to various industries and are numerous in number. Therefore, the method has important significance for accurately and efficiently detecting the inner diameter of the part.
Since the inner diameter is an internal dimension, especially for parts with long axes, the interference of the inner wall results in many measuring tools not reaching into the inner wall or only being able to measure locally. At present, the inner diameter is mostly measured in a contact manner, such as a plug gauge detection method, an inner diameter caliper gauge, a vernier caliper, and the like. Meanwhile, in recent years, the invention patent of Shenyang university also discloses a high-precision non-contact workpiece inner diameter measuring device and method (application number: CN 201410139277.2), and a laser distance measuring sensor is adopted to detect and calculate the inner diameter by a three-point method. And calculating the laser collected data by using a least square method to obtain the inner diameter.
The contact detection method such as the plug gauge detection method can only carry out qualitative detection; the surface of the part is possibly scratched in the detection; the detection sampling points are few, and the inner diameter size cannot be accurately evaluated; the detection efficiency and the precision are low; even if laser non-contact measurement is adopted, the calculation formula is complex, the process is complex, the system runs slowly and the efficiency is low by adopting methods such as a three-point method, a least square method, a positive chord theorem and the like, so that the part machining amount is larger and larger along with the high-speed development of the industry and the technology, and the above calculation methods cannot meet the requirements of simple and quick detection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection device and method, which realize the offline or online large-batch simple and quick detection of the inner diameter size of a part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a non-contact extreme inner diameter detection device comprises a measuring device and a support of a piece to be detected, wherein the measuring device and the support of the piece to be detected are respectively arranged at two ends of a base; the measuring device is driven by the electric module to move axially along the length direction of the piece to be measured; the to-be-measured part support comprises a fixed V-shaped roller for supporting the front end of the to-be-measured part, a movable V-shaped roller for supporting the tail end of the to-be-measured part and a to-be-measured part support guide rail, the to-be-measured part support guide rail is fixedly arranged on the base, the mounting direction of the to-be-measured part support guide rail is the same as that of the sensor mounting rod, the fixed V-shaped roller is positioned at one end, close to the measuring device, of the to-be-measured part support guide rail, and a second rotating motor; the movable V-shaped roller is positioned on the guide rail of the bracket of the piece to be measured, and the outer side of the movable V-shaped roller is provided with a locking structure.
Further, a measuring baffle is arranged on the outer side of the movable V-shaped roller.
Furthermore, the tow chain of the protection cable that electronic module removed is connected along with electronic module to electronic module, and the tow chain is located electronic module one side.
A non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a standard part with a known inner diameter D on a support of the part to be measured, adjusting the position of the movable V-shaped roller according to the length of the standard part, enabling the measuring baffle to be tightly attached to the end face of the tail end of the standard part, and fixing the movable V-shaped roller by using a locking mechanism.
S2, controlling the movement of the measuring device through the electric module, enabling the sensor mounting rod to extend into the standard component, rotating the sensor mounting rod for one circle to acquire data of the distance between the inner wall of the standard component and the laser displacement sensor, and acquiring the data according to Lmax+2r+Lmin= D calculating the radius of rotation r of the laser displacement sensor, where Lmax0、Lmin0The maximum and minimum values obtained for the laser displacement sensor measuring the standard are known, D.
And S3, taking down the standard part, placing the part to be measured on the support of the part to be measured, enabling the measuring baffle to be tightly attached to the end face of the tail end of the standard part, and fixing the movable V-shaped roller by using a locking mechanism.
S4, controlling the movement of the measuring device through the electric module, enabling the sensor mounting rod to extend into the to-be-measured piece to enable the laser sensor to be located at the section of the to-be-measured inner diameter position of the to-be-measured piece, rotating the sensor mounting rod for one circle to acquire data of the distance between the inner wall of the to-be-measured piece and the laser displacement sensor, and acquiring data of the distance between the inner wall of the tomax+2r+LminCalculating to obtain the inner diameter d of the workpiece to be measured, wherein Lmax、LminThe maximum value and the minimum value obtained by measuring the piece to be measured by the laser displacement sensor are obtained, r is the rotation radius of the laser displacement sensor obtained in the step S1, and d is the inner diameter of the piece to be measured.
S5, if the inner diameters of different positions need to be measured, adjusting the position of the sensor mounting rod extending into the piece to be measured, and repeating the step S4 to finish the inner diameter measurement of different positions; in the above steps, the moving V-shaped roller needs to be calibrated again after being adjusted each time.
Furthermore, the appearance of the standard part is the same as that of the part to be measured, and the precision of the standard part is ten times higher than that of the part to be measured.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the laser displacement sensor for detection, realizes the nondestructive detection of parts by non-contact detection, has high detection precision reaching the micron level, and meets the requirement of high-precision detection; by adopting an advanced and simple extreme value method, the inner diameter value can be quickly and accurately calculated, the data calculation is simple, the system configuration requirement is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved; the sensor with high-frequency acquisition and the automatic detection are benefited, so that the detection efficiency is greatly improved, and the large-batch off-line or on-line detection can be met; the laser displacement sensor adopts a multi-directional movement mechanism, so that comprehensive data acquisition is realized, the inner diameter size is more accurately evaluated, the production efficiency of an enterprise is improved, the development trend and the detection requirement of full-digital detection of products produced by the enterprise are realized, the requirement of mass production is met, the product quality is improved, the core competitiveness of the product is improved, and the industrial upgrading is promoted; compared with a least square method and a three-point method, the method has the advantages that the calculation principle is simpler and easier to understand, the calculation process is simple, the data acquisition angle information does not need to be recorded, a coordinate system does not need to be established, and the coordinate decomposition does not need to be carried out, so the requirement on the rotation control precision of the sensor is low, and the hardware cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inner diameter calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a data acquisition diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an electric module, 2-a module connecting plate, 3-a first rotating motor, 4-a first synchronous belt, 5-a bearing structure, 6-a sensor mounting rod, 7-a laser displacement sensor, 8-a piece to be measured, 9-a measuring baffle, 10-a locking structure, 11-a moving V-shaped roller, 12-a piece to be measured support guide rail, 13-a second rotating motor, 14-a fixed V-shaped roller, 15-a second synchronous belt, 16-a base and 17-a drag chain.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a non-contact extreme inner diameter detection device comprises a measurement device and a to-be-detected support, wherein the measurement device and the to-be-detected support are respectively installed at two ends of a base 16, the measurement device is installed on an electric module 1 through a module connecting plate 2, the electric module 1 is installed on the base 16, the electric module belongs to the prior art, comprises a motor, a lead screw and a guide rail, belongs to the technology which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art, can only axially move along the length direction of the to-be-detected piece, and drives the measurement device to reciprocate along the axis direction of a sensor installation rod 6 through the electric module 1 positioned on the base 16; the measuring device comprises a laser displacement sensor 7, the laser displacement sensor 7 is fixedly arranged at the end part of a sensor mounting rod 6, a bearing structure 5 is arranged at the other end of the sensor mounting rod 6, and a first rotating motor 3 drives the sensor mounting rod 6 to rotate through a first synchronous belt 4 and the bearing structure 5; the electric module 1 is connected with a drag chain 17 which can move along with the electric module 1 and is used for protecting a cable, the drag chain 17 is positioned on one side of the electric module 1, one end of the drag chain 17 is fixedly arranged on the electric module 1, the other end of the drag chain 17 is fixedly connected on the base 16, when the electric module 1 drives the measuring device to move, the drag chain 17 is driven to move together, the cable in the drag chain 17 is protected, the drag chain 17 is a standard component, and the length of the drag chain 17 is determined according to the maximum movement stroke of the electric module 1; the support to be measured comprises a fixed V-shaped roller 14 for supporting the front end of the to-be-measured piece 8, a movable V-shaped roller 11 for supporting the tail end of the to-be-measured piece 8 and a support guide rail 12 to be measured piece, the installation direction of the support guide rail 12 to be measured piece is the same as that of the sensor installation rod 6, the fixed V-shaped roller 14 is positioned at one end of the support guide rail 12 to be measured piece close to the measuring device, the second rotating motor 13 which drives the piece to be tested 8 to rotate through the transmission device is positioned at one side of the fixed V-shaped roller 14, the second rotating motor 13 drives the first synchronous wheel at the shaft end of the motor to rotate, and drives a second synchronous wheel to rotate through a second synchronous belt 15, the second synchronous wheel is connected with a friction rubber wheel through a rotating shaft to transmit rotating torque, the friction rubber wheel is tightly attached to one of the two V-shaped rollers, when the friction rubber wheel rotates, the V-shaped roller is driven to rotate by virtue of friction force, and further the rotating torque is transmitted to a product, so that the product rotates; remove V type gyro wheel 11 and be located a support guide rail 12 that awaits measuring, the outside of removing V type gyro wheel 11 sets up locking structure 10, and locking mechanism is the standard component, uses with linear guide cooperation, and the manual work is pressed from both sides it tightly on linear guide through twist grip, removes the V type gyro wheel 11 outside and sets up measurement baffle 9, avoids standard component or awaits measuring a piece and accidentally drops at the measurement in-process.
A non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a standard part with a known inner diameter D on a support of the part to be measured, wherein the inner diameter D of the standard part is measured by a third-party measuring mechanism, adjusting the position of the movable V-shaped roller 11 according to the length of the standard part, and fixing the V-shaped roller without adjustment; after the measuring standard component is calibrated, the position of the fixed V-shaped roller and the position of the movable V-shaped roller are not adjusted any more, the movable V-shaped roller 11 is adjusted only once for a product with the same length, the movable V-shaped roller 11 is adjusted after the product is replaced each time, and the re-calibration is carried out after each adjustment, so that errors caused by the adjustment are eliminated; the measuring baffle 9 is tightly attached to the end face of the tail end of the standard part, and the movable V-shaped roller 11 is fixed by using a locking mechanism 10.
S2, the electric module 1 controls the measuring device to move, so that the sensor mounting rod 6 extends into the standard part, the inner diameter of the standard part is uniform, the precision of the standard part is ten times higher than that of the part to be measured, the deflection of the sensor mounting rod 6 is less than one tenth of the measurement precision of the part to be measured, the sensor mounting rod is influenced by the rigidity of the sensor mounting rod, the tail end of the rod is provided with the sensor, the sensor mounting rod can be bent and deformed, the generated deformation can directly influence the measurement result, and therefore design calculation is needed; because the internal diameter of standard component is unified and the precision is higher, therefore laser displacement sensor 7 stretches into the inside length of standard component and can ignore the measurement accuracy influence, rotate sensor installation pole 6 a week and gather the data of the distance of standard component inner wall and laser displacement sensor 7, the collection frequency range of sensor is 1-10KHz, the collection frequency matches with laser displacement sensor 7's rotation rate, the specific needs of the point number of guaranteeing that the sensor rotates a week and gathers are decided according to the measurement accuracy of piece that awaits measuring and the roughness of internal surface, the lower the precision requirement can be less the point number that needs to gather, the coarser the internal surface needs the more point number that gathers, must have a maximum value L in the data gatheredmax0And a minimum value Lmin0As shown in fig. 2, the outer circle is a schematic cross-sectional circle of the inner wall of the measured part, the measured part can be regarded as a standard part or a to-be-measured part, and the inner circle is a transmission partThe circle track formed by one rotation of the sensor, O is the center of the measured part, O1Is the rotation center of the sensor and the rotation radius r; A. the two points B are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured part measured by the laser displacement sensor 7, and the line connecting the two points A, B passes through the center O of the measured part and the rotation center O of the sensor1，An、Bn(n =1,2, … …, n) are data point positions collected by the sensor, the point E, H is the intersection point of the connecting line of the points a and B and the circular track formed by one rotation of the sensor, and F, G is the position of any laser emission point, as can be seen from fig. 2, O1O+OBn＞O1Bn(sum of two sides of triangle is greater than third side), OB = OBn、O1O+OB=O1B, thus it is known that OBnOB, i.e. r + GBnR + HB, therefore, when point B isnWhen the point B is coincident with the point B, the data collected by the sensor is the minimum value; as can be seen from FIG. 2, O1O+OAn＞O1An、OA=OAn、O1O+OA=O1A gives O1A＞O1AnI.e. r + EA > r + FAnTherefore, when the point A isnThe data collected by the sensor when the point A is superposed is the maximum value according to Lmax0+2r+Lmin0= D the radius of rotation r of the laser displacement sensor 7 is calculated, where Lmax0、Lmin0The maximum and minimum values obtained for the laser displacement sensor 7 measuring the standard, D being a known value.
And S3, removing the standard component, placing the component to be measured 8 on the component to be measured bracket, tightly attaching the measuring baffle 9 to the end face of the tail end of the standard component, and fixing the movable V-shaped roller 11 by using the locking mechanism 10.
S4, the electric module 1 controls the measuring device to move, the sensor mounting rod 6 extends into the to-be-measured piece 8 to enable the laser displacement sensor 7 to be located on the section of the to-be-measured inner diameter position of the to-be-measured piece 8, the sensor mounting rod 6 is rotated for one circle to acquire data of the distance between the inner wall of the to-be-measured piece 8 and the laser displacement sensor 7, and the distance between the inner wall of the to-be-measured piece 8max+2r+LminCalculating to obtain the inner diameter d of the piece to be measured 8, wherein Lmax、LminMaximum measurement of the workpiece 8 to be measured for the laser displacement sensor 7And the value and the minimum value, wherein r is the rotation radius of the laser displacement sensor 7 obtained in the step S1, and d is the inner diameter of the to-be-measured piece 8.
And S5, if the inner diameters of different positions need to be measured, adjusting the position of the sensor mounting rod 6 extending into the piece to be measured 8, and repeating the step S4 to finish the inner diameter measurement of different positions.
The rotating mechanism is utilized to drive the workpiece to rotate, and the inner diameter can be calculated at a plurality of positions on the circle according to the principle, so that the inner diameter dimension can be evaluated more accurately.
The device tests the real object part, the sensor extends into the tested part to collect data for one circle, the graph of data fitting is shown in figure 3, and in figure 3, the maximum value and the minimum value in the data are easy to find: l ismax、LminAccording to Lmax+2r+LminAnd the calculated inner diameter value of the D is matched with the actual value.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A non-contact extreme method internal diameter detection device which characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring device and a support of a piece to be measured, wherein the measuring device and the support of the piece to be measured are respectively arranged at two ends of a base (16), the measuring device is arranged on an electric module (1) through a module connecting plate (2), the measuring device comprises a laser displacement sensor (7), the laser displacement sensor (7) is fixedly arranged at the end part of a sensor mounting rod (6), the other end of the sensor mounting rod (6) is provided with a bearing structure (5), and a first rotating motor (3) drives the sensor mounting rod (6) to rotate through a first synchronous belt (4) and the bearing structure (5); the measuring device is driven by the electric module (1) to axially move along the length direction of the piece to be measured;
the device comprises a to-be-detected piece support, a to-be-detected piece support and a sensor mounting rod, wherein the to-be-detected piece support comprises a fixed V-shaped roller (14) for supporting the front end of a to-be-detected piece (8), a movable V-shaped roller (11) for supporting the tail end of the to-be-detected piece (8) and a to-be-detected piece support guide rail (12), the to-be-detected piece support guide rail (12) is fixedly mounted on a base (16), the mounting direction of the to-be-detected piece support guide rail (12) is the same as that of the sensor mounting rod (6), the fixed V-shaped roller (14) is positioned at one end, close to a measuring device, of the to-be; the movable V-shaped roller (11) is positioned on a support guide rail (12) of the piece to be measured, and a locking structure (10) is arranged on the outer side of the movable V-shaped roller (11).
2. The non-contact type inside diameter inspection device according to claim 1, wherein: and a measuring baffle (9) is arranged on the outer side of the movable V-shaped roller (11).
3. The non-contact type inside diameter inspection device according to claim 1, wherein: the electric module (1) is connected with a drag chain (17) of a protection cable moving along with the electric module (1), and the drag chain (17) is positioned on one side of the electric module (1).
4. A non-contact extreme method inner diameter detection method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a standard part with a known inner diameter D on a support of the part to be measured, adjusting the position of the movable V-shaped roller (11) according to the length of the standard part, enabling the measuring baffle (9) to be tightly attached to the end face of the tail end of the standard part, and fixing the movable V-shaped roller (11) by using a locking mechanism (10);
s2, the electric module (1) is used for controlling the movement of the measuring device, so that the sensor mounting rod (6) extends into the standard component, and the sensor mounting rod (6) rotates for one circle to collect the inner wall of the standard component and the inner wall of the standard componentData of the distance of the laser displacement sensor (7) according to Lmax+2r+Lmin= D calculating the radius of rotation r of the laser displacement sensor (7), where Lmax0、Lmin0Measuring the maximum value and the minimum value of the standard component for the laser displacement sensor (7), wherein D is a known value;
s3, taking down the standard part, placing the part to be measured (8) on a support of the part to be measured, tightly attaching a measuring baffle (9) to the end face of the tail end of the standard part, and fixing a movable V-shaped roller (11) by using a locking mechanism (10);
s4, the movement of the measuring device is controlled through the electric module (1), the sensor mounting rod (6) extends into the part to be measured (8) to enable the laser displacement sensor (7) to be located on the section of the position of the inner diameter to be measured of the part to be measured (8), the sensor mounting rod (6) is rotated for one circle to acquire data of the distance between the inner wall of the part to be measured (8) and the laser displacement sensor (7), and the distance between the inner wall of the part to be measured (8) and the laser displacement sensor (max+2r+LminCalculating the inner diameter d of the piece to be measured (8), wherein Lmax、LminThe maximum value and the minimum value obtained by measuring the piece to be measured (8) by the laser displacement sensor (7), r is the rotating radius of the laser displacement sensor (7) obtained in the step S1, and d is the inner diameter of the piece to be measured (8);
s5, if the inner diameters of different positions need to be measured, adjusting the position of the sensor mounting rod (6) extending into the piece to be measured (8), and repeating the step S4 to finish the inner diameter measurement of different positions;
in the steps, the moving V-shaped roller (11) needs to be calibrated again after being adjusted each time.
5. The non-contact extreme inner diameter detection method according to claim 4, wherein: the appearance of the standard part is the same as that of the part to be measured, and the precision of the standard part is ten times higher than that of the part to be measured.
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| CN111896970A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-06 | 珠海市华林制瓶有限公司 | Automatic detection device for thickness of water dispenser barrel |
| CN112097661A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-18 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | Large-scale thin wall spare internal diameter on-line measuring system |
| CN112815866A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 沈阳理工大学 | Internal thread detector based on laser profile scanning and detection method thereof |
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| CN113433549A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Municipal drainage pipeline inner diameter measuring device and method |
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| CN112097661A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-18 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | Large-scale thin wall spare internal diameter on-line measuring system |
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