CN113375577A - Large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and measuring method - Google Patents
Large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2408—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and a measuring method, which relate to the technical field of medical equipment measurement and comprise the following steps: the reference platform and the measuring device comprise a fixed base, a lifting mechanism and a rotating disk which are arranged in sequence; the two laser ranging sensors are coaxially arranged on the rotating disc, and ranging lasers are opposite in direction above the same straight line; the laser ranging sensors can rotate around the connection part with the rotating disc, and the distance between the acquisition points on the two laser ranging sensors is a fixed value and is recorded as an auxiliary distance; in the measurement process, the distance data of each angle of the laser ranging sensor under the same position, the distance data of each angle under the different positions and the distance data of each angle under the different heights and the different positions are collected, the inner hole diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity are calculated based on the preset rule according to the auxiliary distance, and the problems that in the prior art, the measurement mode of a large-sized revolving body is complicated, the cost is high, and the accuracy of the manual measurement result is low are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment measurement, in particular to a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring method.
Background
The large-scale revolving body comprises inner holes with different diameters, and has different index parameters for different large-scale revolving body products and applications, wherein the conformity degree of the processing parameters and the design indexes of the large-scale revolving body products is the direct embodiment of the quality of the large-scale revolving body products. Therefore, measurement of parameters of a large-sized rotation body is important.
For a large-scale revolving body of a CT system, generally, a large-diameter hole workpiece, measurement of parameters such as the diameter, roundness and cylindricity of the inner hole of the large-diameter hole workpiece generally depends on three-coordinate detection or an extension method thereof, but three-coordinate equipment is expensive and has a limitation on maximum measurement size, or the large-diameter hole workpiece can be transported to a third-party mechanism for detection, so that transportation is required and the workpiece may be damaged during transportation.
In actual work, a large-diameter inside micrometer can be manually used for diameter measurement, but the precision is poor, only a limited number of diameter data can be obtained, reliable roundness and cylindricity data cannot be obtained, and the measurement precision and the confidence coefficient of the high-precision mechanical part are low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a large-sized revolving body inner hole measuring system and a large-sized revolving body inner hole measuring method, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the large-sized revolving body is complicated in measuring mode, high in cost and low in accuracy of manual measuring results.
The invention discloses a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system, which is used for measuring the diameter, roundness and cylindricity of an inner hole of a piece to be measured and comprises the following components:
the reference platform is provided with a bearing part for placing the piece to be tested;
the measuring device comprises a fixed base, a lifting mechanism and a rotating disc which are sequentially arranged, and is placed on the reference platform;
the two laser ranging sensors are coaxially arranged on the rotating disc, and ranging lasers are opposite in direction above the same straight line;
the rotating disc and the laser ranging sensor extend into an inner hole of the piece to be measured;
the laser ranging sensors can rotate around the connection part with the rotating disc, and the distance between the acquisition points on the two laser ranging sensors is a fixed value and is recorded as an auxiliary distance;
in the measuring process, the two laser ranging sensors synchronously rotate around the joint with the rotating disk, the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at the same position are collected, the rotating disk rotates, the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at different positions are collected, the lifting mechanism controls lifting to obtain the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at different heights and different positions, and the inner hole diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity are obtained through calculation according to the distance data of all angles at the same position, the distance data of all angles at different positions, the distance data of all angles at different heights and different positions and the auxiliary distance based on preset rules.
Preferably, one end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the fixed base, and the other end of the lifting mechanism is rotatably connected with the rotating disc.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the inner hole of the large-scale revolving body, which applies the measuring system and comprises the following steps:
placing a piece to be measured and a measuring device on a reference platform, and enabling a rotating disk on the measuring device and two coaxially-mounted laser ranging sensors to be located in an inner hole of the piece to be measured;
the laser ranging sensor rotates on the rotating disc, and/or the rotating disc drives the laser ranging sensor to rotate, and/or the lifting mechanism lifts to drive the rotating disc and the laser ranging sensor to move up and down;
acquiring distance data of two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles, and respectively recording the distance data as the distance dataM （x，y，n） ，N （x，y，n） Whereinnfor laser ranging sensor on rotating disknThe position of each of the plurality of positions,yfor the laser distance measuring sensor to rotate relatively to the rotating diskyAn angle, x is the angle at which the laser ranging sensor is positioned by adjusting the lifting devicexA transverse section;
and acquiring an auxiliary distance, and calculating the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the inner hole of the to-be-measured piece based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance according to a preset rule.
Preferably, the inner hole diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the to-be-measured piece are obtained by calculation according to a preset rule based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining random heights of two laser ranging sensorsATo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondiSet of data based on the firstiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionATo (1) aiThe diameter of the inner bore, wherein,i∈{1…n}；
calculating the cross section one by oneAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAThe roundness of (d);
the lifting structure goes up and downfThen, the height of two laser ranging sensors is obtainedfTo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondfSet of data based on the firstfThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionfOf the inner bore diameter of (a), wherein,f∈{1…x}；
and calculating the diameter sets of the inner holes of all the cross sections one by one, and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule.
Preferably, based on the secondiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionATo (1) aiAn inner bore diameter comprising:
first, theiThe data set is { (great) M （A，1，i） ，N （A，1，i） }…{ M （A，m，i） ，N （A，m，i） }…{ M （A，y，i） ，N （A，y，i） And } of the component (c), wherein,m∈{1…y}；
obtaining the cross section according to the following formulaATo (1) aiInner bore diameter:
D （A，m，i） = max{M （A，m，i） +N （A，m，i） +L}
wherein,Lis the assist distance.
Preferably, said calculating the cross-sections one by oneAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAIncluding the following:
according to the cross sectionAScreening out the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter from all the inner hole diameters;
respectively obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole radius according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter;
and obtaining the difference value between the maximum value of the inner hole radius and the minimum value of the inner hole radius, and obtaining the roundness of the cross section A.
Preferably, the step of calculating the inner hole diameter sets of all the cross sections one by one and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule includes the following steps:
acquiring an inner hole diameter set of each cross section, and generating a radius data set corresponding to each cross section;
and constructing minimum and maximum enveloping cylindrical curved surfaces based on the radius data sets corresponding to the cross sections, generating a minimum cylindrical curved surface and a maximum cylindrical curved surface, and calculating the radius difference between the minimum cylindrical curved surface and the maximum cylindrical curved surface to obtain the cylindricity.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
in this scheme, adopt two coaxial laser ranging sensor and measuring device who sets up (including unable adjustment base, elevating system and rotary disk), set up laser ranging sensor on the rotary disk, and place the region at the inside place of corresponding workpiece bore that awaits measuring on the benchmark platform, adjustment elevating system makes laser ranging sensor and rotary disk be in workpiece bore that awaits measuring, automatic control gathers under the co-altitude, the distance data of each angle under the different positions calculates and obtains the diameter, circularity and cylindricity, it is more loaded down with trivial details to the measuring method of large-scale solid of revolution among the solution prior art, and is with high costs, and the lower problem of artifical measuring result degree of accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and a measuring method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and a measuring method according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a measuring state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating disk used for embodying the first embodiment of the measuring system and the measuring method for the inner hole of the large-scale revolving body according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and a measuring method for embodying a testing device in the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the inner hole diameter and roundness calculation in the large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and the measuring method according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the computed cylindricity in the large-scale revolution solid inner hole measuring system and measuring method according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the measuring system and method for an inner hole of a large-sized revolving body according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of calculating the diameter, roundness and cylindricity of the inner hole of the to-be-measured object according to the preset rule based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance in the second embodiment of the large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system and the measuring method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a system and method for measuring an inner hole of a large-sized revolving body according to a second embodiment of the present inventionAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAA flow chart of the roundness of (c);
fig. 10 is a flowchart of calculating the sets of inner hole diameters of all cross sections one by one and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule in the second embodiment of the large-scale rotator inner hole measuring system and the measuring method according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 0-the piece under test; 10-a reference platform; 11-a carrier; 20-a measuring device; 21-fixing a base; 22-a lifting mechanism; 23-rotating the disc; 30-laser ranging sensor.
Detailed Description
The advantages of the invention are further illustrated in the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the following description, suffixes such as "module", "component", or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for facilitating the explanation of the present invention, and have no specific meaning in themselves. Thus, "module" and "component" may be used in a mixture.
The first embodiment is as follows: the invention discloses a large-scale revolving body inner hole measuring system, which is used for measuring the diameter, roundness and cylindricity of an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured so as to solve the problem of parameter measurement of large-diameter inner hole workpieces in the prior art, and specifically comprises the following steps of:
the reference platform 10 is provided with a bearing part 11 for placing the piece to be tested, the reference platform 10 is a platform with better flatness (such as a precision marble platform), and in the test process, the piece to be tested 0 is horizontally placed on the bearing part of the reference platform 10;
the measuring device 20 comprises a fixed base 21, a lifting mechanism 22 and a rotating disc 23 which are arranged in sequence and is placed on the reference platform 10;
two laser ranging sensors 30 coaxially mounted on the rotating disc 23 and having ranging lasers in opposite directions on the same straight line;
the laser ranging sensors 30 can rotate around the connection part with the rotating disc 23, the two laser ranging sensors 30 are coaxially installed and can rotate synchronously, the distance between the collection points on the two laser ranging sensors 30 is a fixed value and is recorded as an auxiliary distance, and the ranging lasers of the two laser ranging sensors 30 are opposite in direction on the same straight line, so that a plurality of chords on a certain section of the inner hole can be obtained according to the measuring results of a plurality of angles of rotation of the two laser ranging sensors 30 and the auxiliary distance.
The rotating disc 23 and the laser ranging sensor 30 extend into the inner hole of the to-be-measured part 9, specifically, the rotating disc 23 and the laser ranging sensor 30 are controlled to be positioned in the inner hole of the to-be-measured part 0 by placing the measuring device 20 on the reference platform 10 corresponding to the area inside the inner hole 0 of the to-be-measured part and adjusting the lifting structure 22, so that the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the inner hole in the to-be-measured part 0 are measured by the laser ranging sensor 30;
in this embodiment, during the measurement process, the two laser ranging sensors 30 rotate around the connection with the rotating disc 23 synchronously, the distance data of each angle of the laser ranging sensor 20 at the same position are collected, the rotating disc 23 rotates to collect the distance data of each angle of the laser ranging sensor 20 at different positions, the lifting mechanism controls the lifting mechanism to lift 22, the distance data of each angle of the laser ranging sensor 30 at different heights and different positions are obtained, and the inner hole diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the to-be-measured part 0 are obtained according to the distance data of each angle at the same position, the distance data of each angle at different positions, the distance data of each angle at different heights and different positions and the auxiliary distance based on the preset rule.
In the above embodiment, the longest distance data at a certain position in a certain transverse plane can be obtained according to the distance data and the auxiliary distance at each angle at the same position, and the longest distance data is the diameter corresponding to the position; obtaining diameters corresponding to a plurality of positions in a certain cross section according to the distance data and the auxiliary distances of the angles at the different positions, further obtaining the inner diameter change of the cross section according to the diameters corresponding to the different positions, and calculating to obtain the roundness according to the maximum inner diameter and the minimum inner diameter (see fig. 5); the distance data of each angle at different heights and different positions can obtain discrete inner diameter data on a plurality of cross sections, so that the maximum and minimum inner diameter data can be screened out, and the minimum and maximum cylindrical curved surfaces can be obtained (see fig. 6) to calculate and obtain the cylindricity.
In a preferred embodiment, one end of the lifting mechanism 22 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 21, and the other end is rotatably connected to the rotating disc 23. The lifting mechanism 22 can adopt a common lifting structure in the prior art, or can be independently arranged according to actual use scenes, and is used for controlling the rotating disc 23 to lift.
In the above embodiment, the measurement of the inner hole diameter and the roundness and the cylindricity of the large-diameter round hole workpiece can be completed by adopting two coaxially arranged laser ranging sensors 30 and a measuring device 20 (comprising a fixed base 21, a lifting mechanism 22 and a rotating disk 23), the operation is simple and convenient, the laser ranging sensors 30 are arranged on the rotating disk 23 and are placed on a reference platform 10 corresponding to the area where the inner hole of 0 in the workpiece to be measured is located, the lifting mechanism 22 is adjusted to enable the laser ranging sensors 30 and the rotating disk 23 to be located in the inner hole of 0 in the workpiece to be measured, the distance data of each angle under different heights and different positions are automatically controlled and collected, and the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity are obtained by calculation, the automatic measurement of the inner hole parameters of the large-sized revolving body is realized, and the problem that the measurement mode of the large-sized revolving body in the prior art is complicated is solved, high cost and low accuracy of manual measurement results.
Example two: the invention also discloses a method for measuring the inner hole of the large-scale revolving body, which is shown in figure 7 and applies the measuring system of the embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
s100: placing a piece to be measured and a measuring device on a reference platform, and enabling a rotating disk on the measuring device and two coaxially-mounted laser ranging sensors to be located in an inner hole of the piece to be measured;
in the above step, the reference platform may be optionally provided with a bearing part for placing the to-be-tested piece, so as to avoid the situation that the bottom of the to-be-tested piece cannot be tested due to being too low, and more specifically, the bearing part may be set as an opposite cylinder.
S200: the laser ranging sensor rotates on the rotating disc, and/or the rotating disc drives the laser ranging sensor to rotate, and/or the lifting mechanism lifts to drive the rotating disc and the laser ranging sensor to move up and down;
in the above steps, the laser distance measuring sensor may rotate on the rotating disc, the rotating disc may drive the laser distance measuring sensor to rotate, and the lifting mechanism drives the rotating disc and the laser distance measuring sensor to move up and down, which may be used to obtain the inner diameters on a plurality of cross sections, followed by the calculation of the parameters in the following steps S300-S500. In the present embodiment, the laser distance measuring sensor is arranged around the center formed by the laser distance measuring sensor and the rotating diskQ (x,y) Rotating, the center of rotation of the rotating disk beingPPoint, the theoretical circle center of the measured piece isO (x) 。
S300: acquiring distance data of two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles, and respectively recording the distance data as the distance dataM （x，y，n） ，N （x，y，n） Whereinnfor laser ranging sensor on rotating disknThe position of each of the plurality of positions,yfor the laser distance measuring sensor to rotate relatively to the rotating diskyThe angle of the angle is different from the angle of the angle,xfor adjusting the lifting device, the laser ranging sensor is located at the second positionxA transverse section;
in this embodiment, the test may be performed automatically, assuming that the current laser ranging sensor center is located (x,1)Q A pair of data of the test is recorded asM （x，y，1） AndN （x，y，1） . One pair is obtained for every rotation angleData, because the sampling frequency of the laser ranging sensor is high, the higher rotating speed can be adopted to collect the datanGroup dataM （x，1，n） AndN （x，1，n） . It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the measurement process may be automatically implemented, so that the laser distance measuring sensor and/or the rotating disk may be controlled to rotate according to a preset angle, may also rotate synchronously or separately, and may also be controlled to automatically adjust the lifting mechanism according to a preset period and a preset height.
S400: and acquiring an auxiliary distance, and calculating the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the inner hole of the to-be-measured piece based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance according to a preset rule.
Specifically, the above calculation according to the preset rule based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance to obtain the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the inner hole of the to-be-measured object includes the following steps with reference to fig. 8:
s410: obtaining random heights of two laser ranging sensorsATo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondiSet of data based on the firstiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain the first cross section AiThe diameter of the inner bore, wherein,i∈{1…n}；
based on the firstiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionATo (1) aiAn inner bore diameter comprising:
is provided with the firstiThe data set is { (great) M （A，1，i） ，N （A，1，i） }…{ M （A，m，i） ，N （A，m，i） }…{ M （A，y，i） ，N （A，y，i） And } of the component (c), wherein,m∈{1…y}；
obtaining the cross section according to the following formulaATo (1) aiInner bore diameter:
D （A，m，i） = max{M （A，m，i） +N （A，m，i） +L}
wherein L is the auxiliary distance.
As described above in the embodiment of step S300, that isM （x，1，n） + N （x，1，n）+LThe maximum value of (b) is the diameterD (x,1,n) And radiusR (x,1,n) I.e. by transverse sectionAFirst, theiThe longest chord in the plurality of chords of the inner hole of the object to be measured, which is acquired by the laser ranging sensor at each position, is the diameter of the inner hole of the object to be measured (see fig. 5 (a), fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of distance data acquired by the laser ranging sensor at a certain position, and fig. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of distance data acquired by the laser ranging sensor at a plurality of positions).
S420: calculating the cross section one by oneAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAThe roundness of (d);
the roundness is the degree that the cross section of the workpiece is close to a theoretical circle, when the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius is 0, the roundness is 0, and in this way, the more the edges of the particles are, the sharper the edges are, the worse the roundness is; on the contrary, the edges and corners are smooth and the roundness is good, in the present embodiment, in order to obtain the cross sectionAAnd the rotating disc is adopted to drive the laser ranging sensor to rotate, and distance data of different angles at the position are collected when the rotating disc rotates to different positions so as to obtain the diameters at different positions, so that the radii at different positions are obtained, and the maximum radius and the minimum radius are screened out subsequently.
In particular, said calculating the cross-sections one by oneAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAThe roundness, see fig. 9, includes the following:
s421: according to the cross sectionAScreening out the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter from all the inner hole diameters;
in particular toIn the above step, the cross section is obtainedAThe above step S420 can be referred to for all the inner hole diameters, and the rotating disc can be rotated to different positions
S422: respectively obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole radius according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter;
in the above step, since the roundness needs to calculate the difference between the maximum radius and the minimum radius, the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter can be obtained through the above step, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter need to be processed, that is, the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter need to be processedD (x,1,n) =2*R (x,1,n) 。
S423: obtaining the difference value between the maximum value of the inner hole radius and the minimum value of the inner hole radius to obtain a cross sectionAThe roundness of (1).
In the above-mentioned step, the step of,Roundness (x) = 
maxR (x,y,n) -minR (x,y,n) it is emphasized that this calculation of the cross sectionA(is described asLayer (A) ) The height of the lifting mechanism is kept unchanged under the condition, namely, the radius set and the roundness of the section are obtained only through calculation of distance data collected by the laser ranging sensor and the rotation of the rotating disc, and particularly, refer to fig. 5 (b).
S430: the lifting structure goes up and downfThen, the height of two laser ranging sensors is obtainedfTo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondfA data set, a cross section is obtained by adopting a first preset rule based on the f data set and the auxiliary distancefOf the inner bore diameter of (a), wherein,f∈{1…x}；
in the above steps, the lifting mechanism is lifted and lowered to obtain the diameters of the inner holes on the corresponding sections with different heights so as to be used for calculating subsequent cylindricity, the cylindricity refers to the difference between the maximum dimension and the minimum dimension of any vertical section, and the error of the cylindricity includes errors in two aspects of an axial section and a transverse section.
S440: and calculating the diameter sets of the inner holes of all the cross sections one by one, and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule.
Specifically, the step of calculating the inner hole diameter sets of all cross sections one by one and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule is shown in fig. 10 and includes the following steps:
s441: acquiring an inner hole diameter set of each cross section, and generating a radius data set corresponding to each cross section;
in the above step, the inner hole diameter set of each cross section can be obtained by specifically referring to the above steps S410 and S420 to calculate the cross sectionABased on the set of inner bore diameters, a set of radius data may be generated from the relationship of diameters to radii.
S442: and constructing minimum and maximum enveloping cylindrical curved surfaces based on the radius data sets corresponding to the cross sections, generating a minimum cylindrical curved surface and a maximum cylindrical curved surface, and calculating the radius difference between the minimum cylindrical curved surface and the maximum cylindrical curved surface to obtain the cylindricity.
In the above step, the radius data set is discrete radius data on a cross section, the envelope surface is a locus of a plurality of same-phase points, the envelope cylindrical curved surface is a cylindrical curved surface which must be formed within the same range (or outside the range) as the maximum size (or minimum size) according to the maximum size (or minimum size) allowed by the component, and the minimum cylindrical curved surface and the maximum cylindrical curved surface are respectively generated according to the minimum and maximum radius sets, specifically refer to fig. 6, where fig. 6 (a) shows that the lifting mechanism is located at the second positionxSection at the secondary height; FIG. 6 (b) shows the lifting mechanism at the second positionxAt a minor height (i.e. above the transverse plane)x) The minimum and maximum enveloping cylindrical curved surfaces are made at the same time for the maximum and minimum radii, and fig. 6 (b) is a schematic view of the minimum and maximum enveloping cylindrical curved surfaces made at a plurality of heights for the elevating mechanism.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, and not by way of limitation, and that those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations of the embodiments described above without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a large-scale solid of revolution hole measurement system for measure bore diameter, circularity and cylindricity of the piece that awaits measuring, its characterized in that includes:
the reference platform is provided with a bearing part for placing the piece to be tested;
the measuring device comprises a fixed base, a lifting mechanism and a rotating disc which are sequentially arranged, and is placed on the reference platform;
the two laser ranging sensors are coaxially arranged on the rotating disc, and ranging lasers are opposite in direction above the same straight line;
the rotating disc and the laser ranging sensor extend into an inner hole of the piece to be measured;
the laser ranging sensors can rotate around the connection part with the rotating disc, and the distance between the acquisition points on the two laser ranging sensors is a fixed value and is recorded as an auxiliary distance;
in the measuring process, the two laser ranging sensors synchronously rotate around the joint with the rotating disk, the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at the same position are collected, the rotating disk rotates, the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at different positions are collected, the lifting mechanism controls lifting to obtain the distance data of all angles of the laser ranging sensors at different heights and different positions, and the inner hole diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity are obtained through calculation according to the distance data of all angles at the same position, the distance data of all angles at different positions, the distance data of all angles at different heights and different positions and the auxiliary distance based on preset rules.
2. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein:
one end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the fixed base, and the other end of the lifting mechanism is rotatably connected with the rotating disc.
3. A method for measuring an inner hole of a large-scale revolving body by applying the measuring system of the claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps:
placing a piece to be measured and a measuring device on a reference platform, and enabling a rotating disk on the measuring device and two coaxially-mounted laser ranging sensors to be located in an inner hole of the piece to be measured;
the laser ranging sensor rotates on the rotating disc, and/or the rotating disc drives the laser ranging sensor to rotate, and/or the lifting mechanism lifts to drive the rotating disc and the laser ranging sensor to move up and down;
acquiring distance data of two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles, and respectively recording the distance data as the distance dataM （x，y，n） ，N （x，y，n） Whereinnfor laser ranging sensor on rotating disknAt a position y when the laser ranging sensor rotates relative to the rotating diskyThe angle of the angle is different from the angle of the angle,xfor adjusting the lifting device, the laser ranging sensor is located at the second positionxA transverse section;
and acquiring an auxiliary distance, and calculating the diameter, the roundness and the cylindricity of the inner hole of the to-be-measured piece based on the distance data of the two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance according to a preset rule.
4. The measuring method according to claim 3, wherein the inner hole diameter, roundness and cylindricity of the workpiece are obtained according to a preset rule based on distance data of two laser ranging sensors at different heights and/or different positions and/or different angles and the auxiliary distance calculation, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining random heights of two laser ranging sensorsATo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondiSet of data based on the firstiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionATo (1) aiThe diameter of the inner bore, wherein,i∈{1…n}；
calculating the cross section one by oneAThe diameters of all the inner holes are obtained, and a cross section is obtained according to a second preset ruleAThe roundness of (d);
the lifting structure goes up and downfThen, the height of two laser ranging sensors is obtainedfTo go toiThe distance data set of each angle at each position is recorded as the secondfSet of data based on the firstfThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionfOf the inner bore diameter of (a), wherein,f∈{1…x}；
and calculating the diameter sets of the inner holes of all the cross sections one by one, and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third preset rule.
5. The measurement method according to claim 4, characterized in that based on the secondiThe data set and the auxiliary distance adopt a first preset rule to obtain a cross sectionATo (1) aiAn inner bore diameter comprising:
first, theiThe data set is { (great) M （A，1，i） ，N （A，1，i） }…{ M （A，m，i） ，N （A，m，i） }…{ M （A，y，i） ，N （A，y，i） And } of the component (c), wherein,m∈{1…y}；
obtaining the cross section according to the following formulaATo (1) aiInner bore diameter:
D （A，m，i） = max{
M （A，m，i） +N （A，m，i） +L}
wherein L is the auxiliary distance.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein all the internal hole diameters in the cross section A are calculated one by one and the cross section is obtained according to a second predetermined ruleAIncluding the following:
according to the cross sectionAScreening out the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter from all the inner hole diameters;
respectively obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole radius according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the inner hole diameter;
and obtaining the difference value between the maximum value of the inner hole radius and the minimum value of the inner hole radius, and obtaining the roundness of the cross section A.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein said calculating the set of inner bore diameters of all cross-sections one by one and obtaining the cylindricity according to a third predetermined rule comprises the following steps:
acquiring an inner hole diameter set of each cross section, and generating a radius data set corresponding to each cross section;
and constructing minimum and maximum enveloping cylindrical curved surfaces based on the radius data sets corresponding to the cross sections, generating a minimum cylindrical curved surface and a maximum cylindrical curved surface, and calculating the radius difference between the minimum cylindrical curved surface and the maximum cylindrical curved surface to obtain the cylindricity.
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