CN110906319B - Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply - Google Patents

Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110906319B
CN110906319B CN201911288206.8A CN201911288206A CN110906319B CN 110906319 B CN110906319 B CN 110906319B CN 201911288206 A CN201911288206 A CN 201911288206A CN 110906319 B CN110906319 B CN 110906319B
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flue gas
heat exchange
temperature
heat
boiler
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CN110906319A (en
Inventor
李先庭
张茂勇
张海鹏
赵健飞
石文星
王宝龙
陈炜
刘世刚
韩志刚
倪文岗
岑俊平
熊烽
晁免昌
姜培朋
王纯山
陈军
张刚刚
王福东
刘利刚
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Beijing Qingda Tiangong Energy Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Tsinghua University
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Beijing Qingda Tiangong Energy Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Tsinghua University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers and clean heat supply. The device comprises a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a smoke and wind recycling clean heat exchange tower, wherein the fuel combustion process sequentially passes through a feeding, a controlled gasification chamber, a combustion heat exchange chamber and a high-temperature heating surface, high-temperature smoke is sent into the graphene heat exchanger through the high-temperature dust remover, is sent into a smoke inlet in the middle of the clean heat exchange tower through a fan after deep denitration, is upwards subjected to multistage spray heat exchange, washing, purification and demisting drying, and is upwards discharged and diffused through a chimney opening, the lower part of the clean heat exchange tower is a boiler combustion-supporting wind full-heat air preheater, fresh air is sent into a boiler by different branches after the residual smoke and hot water spray heating and humidifying, and after the heat net backwater is sent into the smoke Yu Reban for preheating, the heat net backwater is sent into the graphene heat exchanger and the boiler body for heating, and the full resource utilization of waste heat, smoke pollutants, condensate and ash residues is realized.

Description

Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply, and belongs to the technical fields of clean production technology of biomass boilers and natural resource energy distributed clean heat supply.
Background
The distributed clean heat supply has become a significant and urgent civil subject in the current age in northern China, and for urban and rural heat supply users who are difficult to incorporate into urban central heat supply systems, the trouble of falling behind heating modes such as scattered coal burning and the like with high pollution, low efficiency and high cost is urgent, but the current main non-coalification technical routes include various electric heating, air source heat pumps, gas heating and the like, which have the conditions of high cost or need to rely on a large number of subsidies for maintenance, and the distributed clean heat supply mode adopting the clean combustion technology is likely to become a heat supply mode for solving the distributed heat supply requirement on a large scale at present.
At present, the direct-fired biomass boiler has higher thermal efficiency (the novel boiler can reach about 60% -80%), the initial investment is relatively lower, but the pollutant level of the boiler smoke is higher, the average pollution discharge water of smoke dust, tar matters, sulfur dioxide, NOx, hydrogen chloride and the like can be higher, and the pollution control technology is further required to be improved.
The other type of non-direct-fired biomass heat source mode is to carry out pyrolysis gasification on biomass, and the generated fuel gas is sent into a fuel gas boiler to prepare steam or hot water, so that the generation amount of pollutants such as NOx can be effectively controlled, the environment-friendly performance is better, large-scale popularization is started at present, but the thermal efficiency of the boiler is still maintained at about 70-80%, and the levels of various pollutants are still relatively high.
At present, environmental protection policies or standards in various places start to appear, and the biomass boilers and the like are required to reach the ultralow emission standard of flue gas, so that standard-raising design and modification are required to be carried out on all the existing biomass boilers.
Meanwhile, a large amount of waste heat in the flue gas of the existing biomass boiler is wasted. And the sewage, solid waste and the like generated by the boiler heating system are further treated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems of the biomass boiler heat supply mode, adopts novel technical methods and measures in the process links of biomass combustion, heat exchange, flue gas treatment, wastewater treatment, solid waste treatment and the like, and realizes the clean and waste-free biomass clean heat supply mode by greatly improving the heat utilization efficiency, greatly reducing the pollutant production amount and pollutant level, converting the pollutant into utilizable industrial or building material raw materials, realizing returning to the field for recycling and the like. Meanwhile, a modularized design method is adopted to simplify system installation and reduce operation and maintenance difficulty, and the method is also more suitable for the miniaturized heat source requirement of distributed heat supply.
The specific description of the invention is as follows: the modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises four modules of a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a flue gas recycling and recovery clean heat exchange tower in the system flow, wherein the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler 1 comprises a feeding section 11, a controlled gasification chamber 14, a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and a high-temperature heating surface 12 which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 comprises a fan 31, a denitration oxidant device 32 and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 which are integrated in a device frame, the flue gas recycling and recovery clean heat exchange tower 4 comprises a lower boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43, an upper flue gas spraying and heat exchange washing tower 48 and a top chimney section 49 which are integrated in a tower body, wherein a enters a combustion-supporting air inlet 41 of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43, the upper air outlet of the side upper part of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43 is respectively connected with the first air inlet 15 of the temperature-control gasification chamber 14 and the second air inlet 16 of the combustion heat exchange chamber 13 through an air supply pipeline, the high-temperature smoke outlet 17 of the high-temperature heating surface 12 is connected with the smoke inlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2, the smoke outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is connected with the smoke inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 of the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, the smoke outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is respectively connected with the ozone outlet of the denitration oxidant device 32 and the smoke inlet of the fan 31, the smoke outlet of the fan 31 is connected with the middle smoke inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48, the middle smoke inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is sequentially communicated with the spray heat exchange device, the washing purification device and the demisting drying device inside the flue gas spray heat washing tower 48, the upper outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower is communicated with the top chimney section 49, the top chimney port of the top chimney section 49 is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water tank water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 after passing through the high-temperature waste heat pump 46, the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 is respectively connected with the middle spraying pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the upper spraying pipe of the boiler combustion air total heat air preheater 43, the bottom water tank water outlet of the boiler combustion air total heat air preheater 43 is connected with the upper spraying pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 after passing through the low-temperature waste heat pump 42, the low-temperature side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 is connected with the water inlet of the heat network backwater H, the water outlet of the graphene fin tube heat exchanger 33 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12, and the outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 is communicated with the supply pipe of the heat carrier G.
The water outlet pipe of the bottom water pool of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is also provided with a drain outlet and an opening communicated with the feed inlet of the water quality adjusting device 47, wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of the condensation water recycling device 45, the fresh water outlet of the condensation water recycling device 45 is connected with the water supplementing port S of the pipeline of the heat supply network backwater H, the lower part of the condensation water recycling device 45 is provided with a discharge port of a material J1, the lower part of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is provided with a discharge port of fly ash J2, and the lower part of the temperature-control gasification chamber 14 of the boiler 1 is provided with a discharge port of carbonized ash J3.
A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises the following working methods:
i. The biomass fuel is sent into a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 from a feeding section 11, high-temperature high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet 15, the fuel is subjected to oxygen-deficient and temperature-controlled pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range which basically does not generate exogenous NOx, fuel gas obtained by pyrolysis and gasification of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 upwards, and carbonized ash J3 is discharged from a lower discharge port and returned to the field;
The pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 carries out aerobic temperature control combustion, the temperature is controlled within the range of basically not producing exogenous NOx, the flue gas enters the high-temperature heating surface 12, and the boiler water supply carries out heat exchange in the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and the high-temperature heating surface 12;
feeding the high-temperature flue gas D from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 into a high-temperature dust remover 2 for dust removal and reaching the ultra-low emission standard, and discharging fly ash J2 from a lower discharge outlet for returning to the field;
delivering the high-temperature clean flue gas E from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 into a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, performing clean heat exchange, fully mixing with the sprayed deep denitration oxidant, and oxidizing NO and the like in the flue gas into a water-soluble NOx form;
The low-temperature oxidation flue gas F is sent to a flue gas inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by a fan 31, and upwards passes through a multi-layer spray heat exchange, floor cleaning, demisting and drying process, a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx are taken away by spray water through a heat mass exchange process, and then upwards discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney opening of a top chimney section 49 and diffused;
heat exchange is carried out on the high-temperature waste heat water outlet water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 and the heat supply network backwater H through the flue gas preheating plate heat exchange 44, and deep recovery of flue gas waste heat is realized;
The condensate overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is recovered by a condensate recovery device 45, wherein fresh water W is fed into a heat supply network water return pipeline as make-up water, and the material J1 is discharged from a lower discharge port to be returned to the field or used as building materials or industrial salt raw materials.
The device is integrated into four flow-connected and compact equipment modules: the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler comprises a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, a high-temperature dust remover 2, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, a smoke and wind recycling clean heat exchange tower 4 and connecting pipelines between the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler and the high-temperature dust remover.
The high-temperature dust remover 2 adopts a basalt fiber efficient bag-type dust remover structure with static dust removal.
The graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 adopts a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
The graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 is not required to be provided with the denitration oxidant device 32, and the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is provided with a front SCR denitration plate structure.
The smoke and wind recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 adopts a structure that a three-tower-in-one spray heat exchange device for boiler smoke exhaust waste heat recycling and heat supply and a chimney are integrated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: one is: the production process of biomass combustion and heating comprehensively realizes clean process control, thereby minimizing the generation of pollutants and efficiently reducing and eliminating the pollutants, and comprising the following steps: firstly, biomass fuel is subjected to controllable thermalization pyrolysis in a temperature control pyrolysis process section to greatly reduce the generation amount of NOx, and the generated intermediate fuel gas enters a gas boiler process section to be subjected to temperature control low-nitrogen efficient stable combustion; then, the high-temperature dust remover is adopted for removing smoke dust in advance with high efficiency; furthermore, the high-efficiency anti-corrosion heat exchanger can prevent a large amount of accumulated ash and consume more energy power to blow ash, greatly reduce the temperature of outlet smoke and improve the heat efficiency; the flue gas is sent into a clean heat exchange tower again, is discharged through a chimney opening after multi-stage spray heat exchange, washing, purification, demisting and drying, and the smoke exhaust component is purified to the greatest extent. And the second is: the heat efficiency of the whole biomass heat source system is improved to be close to or even more than 100 percent (calculated by low-level calorific value of fuel), and the heat energy conversion efficiency of the biomass heat source is greatly more than 30-80 percent of that of the current biomass heat source, so that the fuel can be greatly saved, the heat supply capacity can be obviously improved, and the social pollution discharge amount can be obviously reduced. Thirdly, it is: the pollutants in the flue gas are intercepted in the processes of spray heat exchange and floor washing purification, and the pollutants can be finally converted into stable compounds such as industrial sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or calcium phosphate serving as building materials through zero discharge and salt separation crystallization of sewage by condensation water, and ash residues serving as combustion products can be used for returning to fields and the like. Fourth, it is: a large amount of condensed water in the flue gas can be reused for in-plant process raw water, heating water supplementing and the like. Fifth, it is: the waste heat and pollutants are recycled, and meanwhile, the pollution problem close to waste gas, waste water and solid waste is comprehensively solved, the problems of over high running cost and the like of environmental protection treatment are fundamentally solved, and the whole clean heat supply system is established and affordable. Sixth, it is: the whole biomass clean heat supply source system adopts a modularized design method and an integrated structure, so that the occupied area, investment and construction period are reduced to the greatest extent, the intellectualization of operation control is improved, the workload of operation maintenance management is reduced, and the biomass clean heat supply source system is suitable for distributed heat sources and clean heat supply modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The component numbers and names in fig. 1 are as follows.
The biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, the high-temperature dust remover 2, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, the smoke and wind recycling recovery clean heat exchange tower 4, the feeding section 11, the high-temperature heating surface 12, the combustion heat exchange chamber 13, the temperature controlled gasification chamber 14, the first air inlet 15, the second air inlet 16, the high-temperature smoke outlet 17, the fan 31, the denitration oxidant device 32, the graphene fin tube heat exchanger 33, the air inlet 41, the low-temperature waste heat pump 42, the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43, the smoke and gas waste heat plate exchanger 44, the condensation water recovery device 45, the high-temperature waste heat pump 46, the water quality adjusting device 47, the smoke spraying heat exchange washing tower 48, the top chimney section 49, the fresh air A, the preheated fresh air B, the heating and humidifying fresh air C, the high-temperature smoke D, the high-temperature clean smoke E, the low-temperature oxidized smoke F, the heat-carrying working medium G, the heat network H, the material J1, the fly ash J2, the ash J3, the medicament K, the preservative L, the O, the ozone O3, the P external smoke exhaust port S and the fresh water W.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram and embodiment of a system of the present invention.
Specific example 1 of the present invention is as follows.
The invention relates to a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply, which comprises the following specific description: the modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises four modules of a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a flue gas recycling and recovery clean heat exchange tower in the system flow, wherein the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler 1 comprises a feeding section 11, a controlled gasification chamber 14, a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and a high-temperature heating surface 12 which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 comprises a fan 31, a denitration oxidant device 32 and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 which are integrated in a device frame, the flue gas recycling and recovery clean heat exchange tower 4 comprises a lower boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43, an upper flue gas spraying and heat exchange washing tower 48 and a top chimney section 49 which are integrated in a tower body, wherein a enters a combustion-supporting air inlet 41 of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43, the upper air outlet of the side upper part of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43 is respectively connected with the first air inlet 15 of the temperature-control gasification chamber 14 and the second air inlet 16 of the combustion heat exchange chamber 13 through an air supply pipeline, the high-temperature smoke outlet 17 of the high-temperature heating surface 12 is connected with the smoke inlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2, the smoke outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is connected with the smoke inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 of the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, the smoke outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is respectively connected with the ozone outlet of the denitration oxidant device 32 and the smoke inlet of the fan 31, the smoke outlet of the fan 31 is connected with the middle smoke inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48, the middle smoke inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is sequentially communicated with the spray heat exchange device, the washing purification device and the demisting drying device inside the flue gas spray heat washing tower 48, the upper outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower is communicated with the top chimney section 49, the top chimney port of the top chimney section 49 is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water tank water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 after passing through the high-temperature waste heat pump 46, the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 is respectively connected with the middle spraying pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the upper spraying pipe of the boiler combustion air total heat air preheater 43, the bottom water tank water outlet of the boiler combustion air total heat air preheater 43 is connected with the upper spraying pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 after passing through the low-temperature waste heat pump 42, the low-temperature side inlet of the flue gas heat exchange washing tower 44 is connected with the water inlet of the heat network backwater H, the water outlet of the graphene fin tube heat exchanger 33 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12, and the outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 is communicated with the supply pipe of the heat carrier G.
The water outlet pipe of the bottom water pool of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is also provided with a drain outlet and an opening communicated with the feed inlet of the water quality adjusting device 47, wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of the condensation water recycling device 45, the fresh water outlet of the condensation water recycling device 45 is connected with the water supplementing port S of the pipeline of the heat supply network backwater H, the lower part of the condensation water recycling device 45 is provided with a discharge port of a material J1, the lower part of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is provided with a discharge port of fly ash J2, and the lower part of the temperature-control gasification chamber 14 of the boiler 1 is provided with a discharge port of carbonized ash J3.
A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises the following working methods:
i. The biomass fuel is sent into a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 from a feeding section 11, high-temperature high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet 15, the fuel is subjected to oxygen-deficient and temperature-controlled pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range which basically does not generate exogenous NOx, fuel gas obtained by pyrolysis and gasification of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 upwards, and carbonized ash J3 is discharged from a lower discharge port and returned to the field;
The pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 carries out aerobic temperature control combustion, the temperature is controlled within the range of basically not producing exogenous NOx, the flue gas enters the high-temperature heating surface 12, and the boiler water supply carries out heat exchange in the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and the high-temperature heating surface 12;
feeding the high-temperature flue gas D from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 into a high-temperature dust remover 2 for dust removal and reaching the ultra-low emission standard, and discharging fly ash J2 from a lower discharge outlet for returning to the field;
delivering the high-temperature clean flue gas E from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 into a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, performing clean heat exchange, fully mixing with the sprayed deep denitration oxidant, and oxidizing NO and the like in the flue gas into a water-soluble NOx form;
The low-temperature oxidation flue gas F is sent to a flue gas inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by a fan 31, and upwards passes through a multi-layer spray heat exchange, floor cleaning, demisting and drying process, a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx are taken away by spray water through a heat mass exchange process, and then upwards discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney opening of a top chimney section 49 and diffused;
heat exchange is carried out on the high-temperature waste heat water outlet water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 and the heat supply network backwater H through the flue gas preheating plate heat exchange 44, and deep recovery of flue gas waste heat is realized;
The condensate overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is recovered by a condensate recovery device 45, wherein fresh water W is fed into a heat supply network water return pipeline as make-up water, and the material J1 is discharged from a lower discharge port to be returned to the field or used as building materials or industrial salt raw materials.
The device is integrated into four flow-connected and compact equipment modules: the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler comprises a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, a high-temperature dust remover 2, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, a smoke and wind recycling clean heat exchange tower 4 and connecting pipelines between the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler and the high-temperature dust remover.
The high-temperature dust remover 2 adopts a basalt fiber efficient bag-type dust remover structure with static dust removal.
The graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 adopts a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
The graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 is not required to be provided with the denitration oxidant device 32, and the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is provided with a front SCR denitration plate structure.
The smoke and wind recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 adopts a structure that a three-tower-in-one spray heat exchange device for boiler smoke exhaust waste heat recycling and heat supply and a chimney are integrated.
It should be noted that the present invention provides a technical implementation manner of clean combustion, clean production process, three wastes cleaning and recycling, and provides a specific implementation method, flow and implementation device how to achieve the above objects, and according to this general solution, there may be different implementation measures and different structural implementation devices, where the above specific implementation is only one of them, and any other similar simple modification implementation manner is used, for example, a split boiler structure is used, the smoke temperature at the outlet of the boiler is reduced, or a different economizer structure is used, and different water quality treatment devices and methods are used; different heat exchange element structures and simple deformation thereof are adopted; or simply adjusting the water inlet and outlet parameters and the grading quantity of the waste heat water; or to perform variations and the like which are all conceivable to the ordinary skilled person, or to apply the technical means in the same or similar structures to different fuel types, etc. and other similar applications, all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply, which is characterized in that: the system flow comprises four modules of a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a flue gas and wind recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower, wherein the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler (1) comprises a feeding section (11), a controlled gasification chamber (14), a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) and a high-temperature heating surface (12) which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3) comprises a fan (31), a denitration oxidant device (32) and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) which are integrated in a device frame, the flue gas recycling recovery clean heat exchange tower (4) comprises a boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater (43) at the lower part, a flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower (48) at the middle upper part and a top chimney section (49) which are integrated in a tower body, wherein fresh air (A) enters from a lower air inlet (41) of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater (43) and upwards passes through a flue gas waste heat water spraying heat exchange area, a side upper air outlet of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater (43) is respectively connected with a first air inlet (15) of a temperature control gasification chamber (14) and a second air inlet (16) of a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) through an air supply pipeline, a high-temperature flue gas outlet (17) of a high-temperature heating surface (12) is connected with a flue gas inlet of a high-temperature dust remover (2), the flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover (2) is connected with the flue gas inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) of the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), the flue gas outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is respectively connected with the ozone outlet of the denitration oxidant device (32) and the flue gas inlet of the fan (31), the flue gas outlet of the fan (31) is connected with the middle flue gas inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48), the middle flue gas inlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) is sequentially communicated with the spray heat exchange device, the washing purification device and the demisting drying device in the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48), the upper outlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower is communicated with the top chimney section (49), the top chimney port of the top chimney section (49) is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water tank outlet of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the flue gas Yu Reban after passing through the high-temperature waste heat pump (46), the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas Yu Reban is respectively connected with the middle pipe of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) and the middle pipe of the combustion-supporting air heat spray heat exchange washing tower (43), the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (43) is communicated with the low-temperature water tank (Yu Reban) and the water tank is communicated with the water outlet of the flue gas pump (Yu Reban, the low-temperature side outlet of the flue gas Yu Reban exchanger (44) is connected with the water inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33), the water outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature heating surface (12), and the outlet of the high-temperature heating surface (12) is communicated with the supply pipe of the heat-carrying working medium (G); a drain outlet and an opening communicated with a feed inlet of a water quality adjusting device (47) are further arranged on a water outlet pipe of a bottom water tank of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48), wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of a condensation water recycling device (45), a fresh water outlet of the condensation water recycling device (45) is connected with a water supplementing port (S) of a pipeline of a heat supply network backwater (H), a discharge outlet of a material (J1) is arranged at the lower part of the condensation water recycling device (45), a discharge outlet of fly ash (J2) is arranged at the lower part of a high-temperature dust remover (2), and a discharge outlet of carbonized ash (J3) is arranged at the lower part of a temperature control gasification chamber (14) of the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler (1); the high-temperature dust remover (2) adopts a basalt fiber efficient bag-type dust remover structure with static dust removal.
2. The working method of the biomass distributed heat supply-based modularized waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps:
i. The biomass fuel is sent into a temperature-control gasification chamber (14) from a feeding section (11), high-temperature high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet (15), the fuel is subjected to oxygen-deficient and temperature-control pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range that exogenous NOx is basically not generated, fuel gas obtained by pyrolysis gasification of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) upwards, and carbonized ash (J3) is discharged from a lower discharge hole to return to the field;
ii, carrying out aerobic temperature-controlled combustion on the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber (13), controlling the temperature within a range of basically not generating exogenous NOx, enabling flue gas to enter a high-temperature heating surface (12), and carrying out heat exchange on boiler water supply in the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber (13) and the high-temperature heating surface (12);
Feeding the high-temperature flue gas (D) from a flue gas outlet of a high-temperature heating surface (12) into a high-temperature dust remover (2) to remove dust and reach an ultralow emission standard, and discharging fly ash (J2) from a lower discharge outlet to return to the field;
Feeding the high-temperature clean flue gas (E) into a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3) from a flue gas outlet of a high-temperature dust remover (2), performing clean heat exchange, fully mixing with an injected deep denitration oxidant, and oxidizing NO and the like in the flue gas into a water-soluble NOx form;
Feeding low-temperature oxidation flue gas (F) into a flue gas inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) by a fan (31), carrying away a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx by spray water through a heat mass exchange process in a multi-layer spray heat exchange, floor cleaning, demisting and drying process, and then discharging the waste heat and the pollutants into the atmosphere upwards through a chimney opening of a top chimney section (49) and diffusing the pollutants;
heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature waste heat water outlet water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) and the heat supply network backwater (H) through flue gas Yu Reban exchange (44) and deep recovery of flue gas waste heat is realized;
and (3) recovering condensed water overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) through a condensed water recovery device (45), wherein fresh water (W) is fed into a heat supply network water return pipeline as water supplementing, and the material (J1) is discharged from a lower discharge port to be returned to the field or used as building materials or industrial salt raw materials.
3. The biomass distributed heat supply based modular waste-free boiler process system of claim 1, wherein said apparatus is integrated into four process-connected, compact installation modules: the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler comprises a biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler body (1), a high-temperature dust remover (2), a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), a smoke and wind recycling clean heat exchange tower (4) and a connecting pipeline between the biomass controlled pyrolysis gasification boiler body and the high-temperature dust remover.
4. The biomass distributed heat supply-based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) adopts a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
5. The biomass distributed heat supply-based modularized waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a denitration oxidant device (32) is not arranged in the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), and the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is provided with a front SCR denitration plate structure.
6. The biomass distributed heat supply-based modularized waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas and wind recycling clean heat exchange tower (4) adopts a three-tower-in-one spray heat exchange device for boiler flue gas waste heat recycling and heat supply and is integrated with a chimney.
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