CN110906319A - Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply - Google Patents
Modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN110906319A CN110906319A CN201911288206.8A CN201911288206A CN110906319A CN 110906319 A CN110906319 A CN 110906319A CN 201911288206 A CN201911288206 A CN 201911288206A CN 110906319 A CN110906319 A CN 110906319A
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers and clean heat supply. Comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a flue gas and air resource recovery cleaning heat exchange tower, wherein the fuel combustion process sequentially passes through the feeding, the temperature control gasification chamber, the combustion heat exchange chamber and the high-temperature heating surface, the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the graphene heat exchanger through the high-temperature dust remover, and is sent into a smoke inlet at the middle part of the cleaning heat exchange tower by a fan after deep denitrification, and is upwards discharged and diffused through a chimney port after being subjected to multistage spray heat exchange, washing purification, defogging and drying, the lower part of the cleaning heat exchange tower is a boiler combustion-supporting air total-heat air preheater, fresh air is sprayed, heated and humidified by flue gas waste heat water and is sent into a boiler through different branches, heat net return water is sent into a flue gas waste heat plate for heat exchange and preheating, and then the waste heat, smoke pollutants, condensed water and ash slag are fully utilized by heating the waste heat, the smoke pollutants, the condensed water and the ash slag in a graphene heat exchanger and a boiler body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply, and belongs to the technical field of biomass boiler clean production and natural resource energy distributed clean heat supply.
Background
Distributed clean heat supply becomes a significant and urgent civilian problem to be solved comprehensively in the modern times in northern areas of China, and for urban and rural heat supply users who are difficult to be brought into a urban centralized heat supply system, the problem of backward heating modes such as scattered coal and the like with high pollution, low efficiency and high cost is urgently needed to be solved, but the current main non-coal technical route comprises various electric heating, air source heat pumps, gas heating and the like, and the conditions of high cost or need to be maintained by a large amount of subsidies exist.
At present, a direct-fired biomass boiler can achieve high thermal efficiency (a novel boiler can achieve about 60-80%), the initial investment is relatively low, but the level of pollutants discharged by the boiler is high, the average emission level of smoke dust, tar substances, sulfur dioxide, NOx, hydrogen chloride and the like is high, and a pollution prevention and control technology is needed to be further improved.
Another non-direct-fired biomass heat source mode is to pyrolyze and gasify biomass firstly, and then the generated fuel gas is sent to a fuel gas boiler to prepare steam or hot water, so that the generation amount of pollutants such as NOx can be effectively controlled, the fuel gas has better environmental protection performance, and large-scale popularization is started at present, but the thermal efficiency of the boiler is still maintained at about 70% -80%, and the levels of various pollutants are still relatively high.
At present, many local environmental protection policies or standards begin to appear to require biomass boilers and the like to reach the ultra-low emission standard of flue gas, and the standard improvement design and the modification are needed for all the existing biomass boilers.
Meanwhile, the existing biomass boilers have the problem that a large amount of waste heat in the flue gas is wasted. And sewage, solid waste and the like generated by a boiler heating system also need to be further treated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the heat supply mode of the biomass boiler, adopts a novel technical method and measures in the process links of biomass combustion, heat exchange, flue gas treatment, wastewater treatment, solid waste treatment and the like, realizes the purposes of greatly improving the heat utilization efficiency, greatly reducing the pollutant generation amount and pollutant level, converting the pollutants into industrial or building material raw materials which can be utilized, returning to the field for recycling, and the like, and realizes a clean and waste-free biomass clean heat supply mode. Meanwhile, a modular design method is adopted to simplify system installation and reduce operation and maintenance difficulty, and the system is more suitable for the requirement of a miniaturized heat source of distributed heat supply.
The specific description of the invention is: a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a smoke and air recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower, wherein the biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler 1 comprises a feeding section 11, a temperature-control gasification chamber 14, a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and a high-temperature heating surface 12 which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 comprises a fan 31, a denitration oxidant device 32 and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 which are integrated in an equipment frame, the smoke and air recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 comprises a boiler combustion-supporting air total-heat air preheater 43 at the lower part, a smoke and spray heat exchange washing tower 48 at the middle upper part and a top chimney section 49 which are integrated in a tower body, wherein fresh air A enters from a lower air inlet 41 of the boiler combustion-supporting air total-heat air preheater 43, upwards passes through a flue gas waste heat water spray heat exchange area, an air outlet at the upper side of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43 is respectively connected with a first air inlet 15 of a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 and a second air inlet 16 of a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 through an air supply pipeline, a high-temperature smoke outlet 17 of a high-temperature heating surface 12 is connected with a smoke inlet of a high-temperature dust remover 2, a smoke outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is connected with a smoke inlet of a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 of a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, a smoke outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is respectively connected with an ozone outlet of a denitration oxidant device 32 and a smoke inlet of a fan 31, a smoke outlet of the fan 31 is connected with a smoke inlet at the middle part of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48, the smoke inlet at the middle part of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is upwards communicated with a spray heat exchange device, a washing and a demisting drying device inside the same, the top chimney port of the top chimney section 49 is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water tank water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 after passing through the high-temperature waste heat pump 46, the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is respectively connected with the middle spray pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the upper spray pipe of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43, the bottom water tank water outlet of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43 is connected with the upper spray pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 after passing through the low-temperature waste heat pump 42, the low-temperature side inlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the heat net return water H, the low-temperature side outlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is connected with the water inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33, the water outlet of the.
The water outlet pipe of the bottom water tank of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is also provided with a drain outlet and an opening communicated with the feed inlet of the water quality adjusting device 47, wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of the condensed water recovery device 45, the fresh water outlet of the condensed water recovery device 45 is connected with the water replenishing port S of the heat supply network backwater H pipeline, the lower part of the condensed water recovery device 45 is provided with a discharge port of a material J1, the lower part of the high-temperature dust collector 2 is provided with a discharge port of fly ash J2, and the lower part of the temperature control gasification chamber 14 of the boiler 1 is provided with a discharge port of carbonized ash J3.
A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises the following working methods:
i. biomass fuel is fed into a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 from a feeding section 11, high-temperature and high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet 15, the fuel is subjected to anoxic and temperature-controlled pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range that exogenous NOx is not generated basically, fuel gas gasified by the pyrolysis of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 upwards, and carbonized ash J3 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field;
ii, carrying out aerobic temperature-controlled combustion in the pyrolysis and gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13, controlling the temperature within a range of basically not generating exogenous NOx, enabling the flue gas to enter the high-temperature heating surface 12, and carrying out heat exchange on boiler feed water in the pyrolysis and gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and the high-temperature heating surface 12;
iii, high-temperature flue gas D is sent into the high-temperature dust collector 2 from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 for dust collection and reaches the ultra-low emission standard, and fly ash J2 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field;
feeding the high-temperature clean flue gas E into the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2, performing clean heat exchange, and fully mixing the flue gas E with the sprayed deep denitration oxidant, wherein NO and the like in the flue gas are oxidized into a water-soluble NOx form;
v. low-temperature oxidation flue gas F is sent into a smoke inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by a fan 31, goes upwards to pass through the processes of multilayer spray heat exchange, ground cleaning purification and defogging drying, a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx are taken away by spray water through a heat-mass exchange process, and then the exhaust gas is upwards discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney port of a top chimney section 49 to be diffused;
vi, exchanging heat between the high-temperature waste heat water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the heat supply network backwater H through the flue gas preheating plate exchanger 44, and realizing deep recovery of flue gas waste heat;
and vii, recovering the condensed water overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by using a condensed water recovery device 45, wherein the fresh water W is used as water supplement and is sent into a heat supply network water return pipeline, and the material J1 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field or used as building materials or industrial salt raw materials.
The device is integrated into four equipment modules which are connected in the following processes and are compactly installed: biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, high-temperature dust remover 2, graphite alkene heat transfer denitration integration unit 3, clean heat transfer tower 4 of flue gas wind resource recovery, and the connecting tube between them.
The high-temperature dust remover 2 adopts a static dust-removing basalt fiber high-efficiency bag-type dust remover structure.
The graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is of a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
The denitration oxidant device 32 also can not be set up in the graphite alkene heat transfer denitration integration unit 3, and graphite alkene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is from taking leading SCR denitration plate structure this moment.
The flue gas and air recycling, recovering and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 adopts a structure that a boiler exhaust smoke waste heat recovery and heat supply three-tower-in-one spraying heat exchange device is integrated with a chimney.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: one is as follows: the production process of biomass combustion and heating comprehensively realizes clean process control, thereby reducing the generation of pollutants to the maximum extent and efficiently reducing and eliminating the pollutants, and comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out controllable thermalization cracking on biomass fuel in a temperature-controlled pyrolysis process section to greatly reduce the generation amount of NOx, and feeding generated intermediate fuel gas into a gas boiler process section to carry out temperature-controlled low-nitrogen efficient stable combustion; then a high-temperature dust remover is adopted to remove the smoke dust in advance and efficiently; furthermore, the high-efficiency anti-corrosion heat exchanger can prevent a large amount of dust from being accumulated and consume more energy for power soot blowing, greatly reduce the temperature of outlet smoke and improve the heat efficiency; the flue gas is sent into a clean heat exchange tower, is subjected to multi-stage spray heat exchange, washing, purification, demisting and drying, and then is discharged through a chimney port, and the components of the flue gas are subjected to purification treatment to the greatest extent. The second is that: the high-efficiency heat utilization is comprehensively realized, the heat efficiency of the whole biomass heat source system is improved to be close to or even over 100 percent (calculated by the low-level calorific value of the fuel), and the heat energy conversion efficiency greatly exceeds 30 to 80 percent of the current biomass heat source, so that the fuel can be greatly saved, or the heat supply capacity can be obviously improved, and the social pollution discharge amount can be obviously reduced. The third step is that: the pollutants in the flue gas are intercepted in the processes of spray heat exchange and ground washing purification, and the zero discharge of sewage and salt separation crystallization are carried out on the condensed water, so that the related pollutants can be finally converted into industrial-grade sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or stable compounds such as calcium phosphate used as building materials, and the like, and the ash slag used as a combustion product can be used for returning to the field and the like. The fourth step is that: a large amount of condensed water in the flue gas can be reused for raw process water in a plant, heating and water replenishing and the like. The fifth step is: the problem of pollution close to waste gas, waste water and solid waste is comprehensively solved while the waste heat and pollutants are recycled, the problems of overhigh operation cost and the like of environmental protection treatment are fundamentally solved, and the whole clean heat supply system is built and used. The sixth is: the whole biomass clean heat supply heat source system adopts a modular design method and an integrated structure, reduces the occupied area, the investment and the construction period to the maximum extent, improves the intellectualization of operation control, reduces the workload of operation maintenance management, and is suitable for a distributed heat source and a clean heat supply mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The parts in fig. 1 are numbered and named as follows.
The system comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, a high-temperature dust remover 2, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, a flue gas and air recycling, cleaning and heat exchange tower 4, a feeding section 11, a high-temperature heating surface 12, a combustion heat exchange chamber 13, a temperature-control gasification chamber 14, a first air inlet 15, a second air inlet 16, a high-temperature flue gas outlet 17, a fan 31, a denitration oxidant device 32, a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33, an air inlet 41, a low-temperature residual heat pump 42, a boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43, a flue gas residual heat plate exchanger 44, a condensed water recovery device 45, a high-temperature residual heat pump 46, a water quality adjusting device 47, a flue gas spraying, heat exchange and washing tower 48, a top chimney section 49, fresh air A, preheated fresh air B, heated and humidified fresh air C, high-temperature flue gas D, high-temperature clean flue gas E, low-temperature oxidized flue gas F, a heat-carrying, The pesticide K, a preservative L, raw water O, ozone O3, P external smoke exhaust, a water replenishing port S and fresh water W.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a system schematic and embodiment of the present invention.
The following is a specific example 1 of the present invention.
The invention relates to a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply, which is specifically described as follows: a modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a smoke and air recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower, wherein the biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler 1 comprises a feeding section 11, a temperature-control gasification chamber 14, a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and a high-temperature heating surface 12 which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 comprises a fan 31, a denitration oxidant device 32 and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 which are integrated in an equipment frame, the smoke and air recycling and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 comprises a boiler combustion-supporting air total-heat air preheater 43 at the lower part, a smoke and spray heat exchange washing tower 48 at the middle upper part and a top chimney section 49 which are integrated in a tower body, wherein fresh air A enters from a lower air inlet 41 of the boiler combustion-supporting air total-heat air preheater 43, upwards passes through a flue gas waste heat water spray heat exchange area, an air outlet at the upper side of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater 43 is respectively connected with a first air inlet 15 of a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 and a second air inlet 16 of a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 through an air supply pipeline, a high-temperature smoke outlet 17 of a high-temperature heating surface 12 is connected with a smoke inlet of a high-temperature dust remover 2, a smoke outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2 is connected with a smoke inlet of a graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 of a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3, a smoke outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is respectively connected with an ozone outlet of a denitration oxidant device 32 and a smoke inlet of a fan 31, a smoke outlet of the fan 31 is connected with a smoke inlet at the middle part of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48, the smoke inlet at the middle part of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 is upwards communicated with a spray heat exchange device, a washing and a demisting drying device inside the same, the top chimney port of the top chimney section 49 is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water tank water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 after passing through the high-temperature waste heat pump 46, the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is respectively connected with the middle spray pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the upper spray pipe of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43, the bottom water tank water outlet of the boiler combustion-supporting air full-heat air preheater 43 is connected with the upper spray pipe of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 after passing through the low-temperature waste heat pump 42, the low-temperature side inlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the heat net return water H, the low-temperature side outlet of the flue gas waste heat plate heat exchange 44 is connected with the water inlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33, the water outlet of the.
The water outlet pipe of the bottom water tank of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 is also provided with a drain outlet and an opening communicated with the feed inlet of the water quality adjusting device 47, wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of the condensed water recovery device 45, the fresh water outlet of the condensed water recovery device 45 is connected with the water replenishing port S of the heat supply network backwater H pipeline, the lower part of the condensed water recovery device 45 is provided with a discharge port of a material J1, the lower part of the high-temperature dust collector 2 is provided with a discharge port of fly ash J2, and the lower part of the temperature control gasification chamber 14 of the boiler 1 is provided with a discharge port of carbonized ash J3.
A modularized waste-free boiler process system based on biomass distributed heat supply comprises the following working methods:
i. biomass fuel is fed into a temperature-controlled gasification chamber 14 from a feeding section 11, high-temperature and high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet 15, the fuel is subjected to anoxic and temperature-controlled pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range that exogenous NOx is not generated basically, fuel gas gasified by the pyrolysis of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber 13 upwards, and carbonized ash J3 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field;
ii, carrying out aerobic temperature-controlled combustion in the pyrolysis and gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13, controlling the temperature within a range of basically not generating exogenous NOx, enabling the flue gas to enter the high-temperature heating surface 12, and carrying out heat exchange on boiler feed water in the pyrolysis and gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber 13 and the high-temperature heating surface 12;
iii, high-temperature flue gas D is sent into the high-temperature dust collector 2 from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature heating surface 12 for dust collection and reaches the ultra-low emission standard, and fly ash J2 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field;
feeding the high-temperature clean flue gas E into the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit 3 from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover 2, performing clean heat exchange, and fully mixing the flue gas E with the sprayed deep denitration oxidant, wherein NO and the like in the flue gas are oxidized into a water-soluble NOx form;
v. low-temperature oxidation flue gas F is sent into a smoke inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by a fan 31, goes upwards to pass through the processes of multilayer spray heat exchange, ground cleaning purification and defogging drying, a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx are taken away by spray water through a heat-mass exchange process, and then the exhaust gas is upwards discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney port of a top chimney section 49 to be diffused;
vi, exchanging heat between the high-temperature waste heat water outlet of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower 48 and the heat supply network backwater H through the flue gas preheating plate exchanger 44, and realizing deep recovery of flue gas waste heat;
and vii, recovering the condensed water overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower 48 by using a condensed water recovery device 45, wherein the fresh water W is used as water supplement and is sent into a heat supply network water return pipeline, and the material J1 is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field or used as building materials or industrial salt raw materials.
The device is integrated into four equipment modules which are connected in the following processes and are compactly installed: biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler 1, high-temperature dust remover 2, graphite alkene heat transfer denitration integration unit 3, clean heat transfer tower 4 of flue gas wind resource recovery, and the connecting tube between them.
The high-temperature dust remover 2 adopts a static dust-removing basalt fiber high-efficiency bag-type dust remover structure.
The graphene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is of a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
The denitration oxidant device 32 also can not be set up in the graphite alkene heat transfer denitration integration unit 3, and graphite alkene finned tube heat exchanger 33 is from taking leading SCR denitration plate structure this moment.
The flue gas and air recycling, recovering and cleaning heat exchange tower 4 adopts a structure that a boiler exhaust smoke waste heat recovery and heat supply three-tower-in-one spraying heat exchange device is integrated with a chimney.
It should be noted that the present invention provides a technical implementation manner of biomass clean combustion, a clean production process, three-waste cleaning and resource utilization, and provides a specific implementation method, a flow and an implementation device how to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, and according to this overall solution, there may be different specific implementation measures and different structural specific implementation devices, the above-mentioned specific implementation manner is only one of them, and any other similar simple deformation implementation manners, such as adopting a split boiler structure, reducing the smoke temperature at the boiler outlet, or adopting different economizer structures, adopting different water quality treatment devices and methods; different heat exchange element structures and simple deformation thereof are adopted; or simply adjusting the water inlet and outlet parameters and the grading quantity of the residual hot water; or to make modifications and the like as would occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, or to apply the same or similar structure to different fuel types, and the like, and other similar applications, all falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Modularization no useless boiler process systems based on living beings distributed heat supply, its characterized in that: the system comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler, a high-temperature dust remover, a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit and a smoke and air recycling recovery cleaning heat exchange tower, wherein the biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler (1) comprises a feeding section (11), a temperature-control gasification chamber (14), a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) and a high-temperature heating surface (12) which are integrated in a boiler body, the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3) comprises a fan (31), a denitration oxidant device (32) and a graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) which are integrated in an equipment frame, the smoke and air recycling recovery cleaning heat exchange tower (4) comprises a boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater (43) at the lower part, a smoke spraying heat exchange washing tower (48) at the middle upper part and a top chimney section (49) which are integrated in a tower body, and a fresh air (A) enters from a lower air inlet (41) of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater (43), upwards passes through a flue gas waste heat water spraying heat exchange area, an air outlet at the upper side of the side of a boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater (43) is respectively connected with a first air inlet (15) of a temperature control gasification chamber (14) and a second air inlet (16) of a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) through an air supply pipeline, a high-temperature smoke outlet (17) of a high-temperature heating surface (12) is connected with a smoke inlet of a high-temperature dust remover (2), a smoke outlet of the high-temperature dust remover (2) is connected with a smoke inlet of a graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) of a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), a smoke outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is respectively connected with an ozone outlet of a denitration oxidant device (32) and a smoke inlet of a fan (31), a smoke outlet of the fan (31) is connected with a smoke inlet at the middle part of a flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower (48), a smoke inlet at the middle part of the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower (48) is upwards sequentially connected, The washing and purifying device and the demisting and drying device are communicated, the upper outlet of the washing and purifying device is communicated with a top chimney section (49), the top chimney opening of the top chimney section (49) is communicated with the atmosphere, the bottom water pool water outlet of a flue gas spraying and heat exchanging washing tower (48) is communicated with the high-temperature side inlet of a flue gas residual heat plate exchanger (44) after passing through a high-temperature residual heat pump (46), the high-temperature side outlet of the flue gas residual heat plate exchanger (44) is respectively connected with the middle spray pipe of the flue gas spraying and heat exchanging washing tower (48) and the upper spray pipe of a boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater (43), the bottom water outlet of the boiler combustion-supporting air total heat air preheater (43) is connected with the upper spray pipe of the flue gas spraying and heat exchanging washing tower (48) after passing through a low-temperature residual heat pump (42), the low-temperature side inlet of the flue gas residual heat plate exchanger (44) is communicated with the water inlet pipe of a heat net (H), the low-temperature side outlet, the water outlet of the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature heating surface (12), and the outlet of the high-temperature heating surface (12) is communicated with the supply and discharge pipe of the heat-carrying working medium (G).
2. The biomass distributed heat supply based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the water outlet pipe of the bottom water tank of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) is further provided with a drain outlet and an opening communicated with the feed inlet of the water quality adjusting device (47), wherein the drain outlet is communicated with the feed inlet of the condensed water recovery device (45), the fresh water outlet of the condensed water recovery device (45) is connected with the water replenishing port (S) of the heat supply network backwater (H) pipeline, the lower part of the condensed water recovery device (45) is provided with a discharge port of materials (J1), the lower part of the high temperature dust collector (2) is provided with a discharge port of fly ash (J2), and the lower part of the temperature-controlled gasification chamber (14) of the boiler (1) is provided with a discharge port of carbonized ash (J3).
3. The biomass distributed heating based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system works by the following method:
biomass fuel is sent into a temperature-controlled gasification chamber (14) from a feeding section (11), high-temperature and high-humidity air enters from a first air inlet (15), the fuel is subjected to anoxic and temperature-controlled pyrolysis, the temperature is controlled within a range that exogenous NOx is not generated basically, fuel gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification of the fuel enters a combustion heat exchange chamber (13) upwards, and carbonized ash (J3) is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field;
secondly, the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber (13) is subjected to aerobic temperature control combustion, the temperature is controlled within the range of basically not generating exogenous NOx, the flue gas enters the high-temperature heating surface (12), and boiler feed water is subjected to heat exchange in the pyrolysis gasification gas combustion heat exchange chamber (13) and the high-temperature heating surface (12);
thirdly, high-temperature flue gas (D) is sent into a high-temperature dust collector (2) from a smoke outlet of the high-temperature heating surface (12) for dust removal and reaches the ultralow emission standard, and fly ash (J2) is discharged from a discharge outlet at the lower part and returned to the field;
(IV) high-temperature clean flue gas (E) is sent into the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3) from a flue gas outlet of the high-temperature dust remover (2) for cleaning and heat exchange, and is fully mixed with the sprayed deep denitration oxidant, and NO and the like in the flue gas are oxidized into a water-soluble NOx form;
(V) low-temperature oxidation flue gas (F) is sent into a flue gas inlet of a flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) by a fan (31), and upwards passes through the processes of multilayer spray heat exchange, ground washing purification and demisting drying, a large amount of waste heat and a large amount of observable or difficultly observable pollutants including smoke dust, soluble salt, heavy metal, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and NOx are taken away by spray water through a heat-mass exchange process, and then upwards discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney port of a top chimney section (49) and diffused;
sixthly, high-temperature waste heat water discharged from the flue gas spraying heat exchange washing tower (48) exchanges heat with heat supply network return water (H) through a flue gas preheating plate exchanger (44) and deep recovery of flue gas waste heat is realized;
and (seventhly), the condensed water overflow water of the flue gas spray heat exchange washing tower (48) is recovered through a condensed water recovery device (45), wherein fresh water (W) is used as water supplement and is sent into a heat supply network water return pipeline, and the material (J1) is discharged from a lower discharge outlet and returned to the field or used as a building material or an industrial salt raw material.
4. The biomass distributed heating based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is integrated into four flow-connected, compact-installed equipment modules: the device comprises a biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler (1), a high-temperature dust remover (2), a graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), a flue gas and air resource recovery cleaning heat exchange tower (4) and connecting pipelines between the biomass temperature-control pyrolysis gasification boiler and the high-temperature dust remover.
5. The biomass distributed heating based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature dust collector (2) adopts a static dust collection basalt fiber high efficiency cloth bag dust collector structure.
6. The biomass distributed heating based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) adopts a high-efficiency finned tube heat exchanger structure with an outer wall surface plated or coated with a graphene coating.
7. The biomass distributed heating-based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the denitration oxidant device (32) is not required to be arranged in the graphene heat exchange and denitration integrated unit (3), and the graphene finned tube heat exchanger (33) is provided with a front-mounted SCR denitration plate structure.
8. The biomass distributed heating-based modular waste-free boiler process system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas and air recycling clean heat exchange tower (4) adopts a three-tower-in-one spray heat exchange device for recycling and supplying heat of boiler flue gas waste heat and integrates with a chimney.
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