CN104879756A - System and method for cooperatively incinerating half-dry sludge and household garbage - Google Patents
System and method for cooperatively incinerating half-dry sludge and household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000001999 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010040742 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a process method for cooperatively incinerating half-dry sludge and household garbage by utilizing a mechanical grate furnace. According to the method, the urban household garbage serves as main fuel, the half-dry sludge of which the water content is 25-35 percent serves as a cooperative incineration object, charging and discharging are completed in a feeding unit in a centralized manner, and then the urban household garbage and the half-dry sludge are grabbed by a grab bucket and are fed into the furnace for incineration respectively. The system continuously operates to grab 10-13 buckets of household garbage and 1 bucket of half-dry sludge every time, and grabbing interval time between every two buckets of household garbage is 15-30 minutes. Flue gas generated by incineration enters a waste heat boiler to generate steam. The steam drives a steam turbine to drive a generator to generate power. Waste flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler is subsequently treated, enters a chimney and then is discharged. According to the system and the process provided by the invention, the half-dry sludge and the household garbage can be cooperatively incinerated, the sludge and the household garbage are cooperatively incinerated by utilizing a conventional mechanical grate furnace in the urban garbage incineration, and a remarkable effect on the reduction of urban solid wastes is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for cooperatively incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage, in particular to a system and a method for cooperatively incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage by using a mechanical grate furnace.
Background
Along with the rapid development of economic society and the acceleration of urbanization construction, the sewage treatment capacity of cities and towns is rapidly increased, the sludge of sewage treatment plants is also rapidly increased, and the annual output of the sludge of the current urban sewage treatment plants in China is more than 3000 ten thousand tons according to statistics. The sludge contains a large amount of organic matters, rich nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, germs, pathogenic bacteria and the like, and if the sludge is not treated and discharged, the environment is seriously polluted. How to effectively and economically treat and dispose excess sludge and realize sludge resource utilization becomes a worldwide environmental problem and is an unavoidable problem faced by China.
At present, the treatment and disposal modes of sludge mainly comprise various modes such as sanitary landfill, land utilization, incineration and the like, but all have certain disadvantages and shortcomings. The sanitary landfill may cause pollution to underground water due to leakage of harmful substances and occupy more land resources; agricultural product pollution and social public safety problems can occur in land utilization; the construction and operation costs of incineration treatment are high.
Meanwhile, incineration treatment is gradually becoming a main solution for municipal domestic waste at present, harmlessness, reduction and recycling of the domestic waste can be effectively realized, the Chinese waste incineration industry enters the golden period of development, and waste incineration treatment projects are newly built in all large cities. How to solve the problem of sludge treatment by using the advantages of domestic garbage incineration treatment becomes a research hotspot of the industry.
Therefore, research and exploration and engineering practice of sludge and household garbage mixed combustion are carried out at home and abroad. For example, 10 domestic waste incinerating facilities in Germany stably mix and burn sewage and sludge, the early-stage sludge mixing and burning amount reaches 20% -30%, for example, in the De Ingolstadt sludge-domestic waste incinerating plant, sludge particles formed after sludge drying are mixed and burned together with solid waste in a grate furnace. About more than 70 percent of sludge in Japan is dispersed into various waste incineration plants for blending combustion treatment, the waste incineration plants comprise a mechanical grate furnace and a fluidized bed grate furnace, enterprises adopting the grate furnace for blending combustion have Hitachi ship building, Mitsubishi heavy industry and other waste incineration plants, such as the Japan Changdian waste incineration plants, the treatment capacity is 180t/d, and the blended combustion dewatered sludge content is 5 to 10 percent; the treatment capacity of the waste incineration plant in West mountain village of Japan Shangxing county is 100t/d, and the mixed combustion dewatered sludge amount is 5-10%.
The grate furnace technology is cooperated with sludge incineration to have the advantages of large scale of mixed incineration and small grate abrasion, and from the current operation and new cases, the mechanical grate furnace type treatment has large scale, wide application range to feeding, higher operation reliability and the like, and the application of the grate furnace mixed incineration to sludge is gradually increased. Meanwhile, after years of development in the waste incineration industry in China, the waste incineration process mainly based on a mechanical grate furnace is relatively complete and has a certain scale, the existing incinerator is mainly a mechanical grate incinerator in a furnace type with more use and large single-furnace treatment capacity, a large number of new projects or planning projects are reserved for designing and considering sludge and waste mixed combustion interfaces, and the waste grate basically has the condition of mixed combustion of sludge. Therefore, a proper system and a proper process are developed, and the mechanical grate furnace is utilized for the cooperative incineration of the sludge and the household garbage, so that the remarkable effect on the reduction treatment of the municipal solid waste is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for cooperatively burning semi-dry sludge and household garbage by utilizing a mechanical grate furnace, which aim to overcome the defect that no proper system and process for cooperatively burning the semi-dry sludge and the household garbage exist in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a system for burning half-dry sludge and domestic garbage by using a mechanical grate furnace in a synergic manner mainly comprises a feeding unit, a burning unit, a power generation unit and a flue gas treatment unit; wherein,
the feeding unit comprises a feeding device, a garbage storage pit and a feeding grab bucket; compared with the existing spraying feeding, the feeding unit of the system adopts a grabbing feeding mode, so that the feeding mode is suitable for garbage of any form and any type, such as bagged household garbage and sludge and household garbage and sludge which are not crushed and classified, the pretreatment is simple, and the pretreatment cost is greatly saved; the spraying and feeding mode has strict requirements on the particle size of the sludge and the content of impurities, otherwise, equipment is easily blocked during spraying, and therefore, the pretreatment cost is greatly increased. The grab bucket adopted by the invention is used for feeding, so that the problems are avoided, and the pretreatment process is greatly simplified;
the incineration unit comprises a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator;
the power generation unit comprises a steam turbine and a generator;
the flue gas treatment unit comprises a waste heat boiler, a temperature reduction tower, a slaked lime feeding system, an active carbon feeding system, a bag type dust collector, a draught fan, a wet type washing tower and a smoke exhaust reheater;
because the temperature of the flue gas from the waste heat boiler is 190-245 ℃, the temperature is higher at this moment, the temperature reduction tower is required to be arranged, the flue gas is sprayed with water in the temperature reduction tower to be cooled to 175 ℃, and the cooled flue gas can be subjected to chemical reaction with the slaked lime added by the slaked lime adding system; and after the chemical reaction is finished, removing the particulate matters in the flue gas, and the insufficiently reacted slaked lime and activated carbon by using a bag type dust collector. The desuperheating tower must therefore be arranged between the waste heat boiler and the bag house.
The arrangement of the smoke re-heater is to heat the smoke containing moisture, so as to prevent the occurrence of 'white fog' phenomenon in the exhaust of the chimney. Typically, the flue gas reheater may use a flue gas heater.
The feeding unit, the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit are sequentially connected in series; the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator of the incineration unit is connected with a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler through a pipeline, a steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a steam turbine of the power generation unit through a pipeline, a tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a temperature reduction tower, a bag type dust collector, an induced draft fan, a wet type washing tower and a smoke exhaust reheater in the flue gas treatment unit in series through pipelines, and a slaked lime adding system and an active carbon adding system are respectively connected into the flue gas treatment unit at two flue gas outlets of the temperature reduction tower, wherein the two flue gas outlets are respectively arranged.
The garbage storage pit is provided with different positions for respectively storing the semi-dry sludge and the domestic garbage.
The slaked lime feeding system comprises a slaked lime storage tank, a Roots blower and a disc feeder.
The active carbon adding system comprises an active carbon storage tank, a Roots blower and a disc feeder.
The invention also provides an operation method of the system for burning the semi-dry sludge and the domestic garbage by using the mechanical grate furnace, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) dumping the household garbage and the half-dry sludge into different positions in a garbage storage pit by using a feeding device respectively, grabbing the household garbage by using a feeding grab bucket, and putting the household garbage into a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator for incineration; wherein, every time the domestic garbage with 10-13 buckets is grabbed, 1 bucket of semi-dry sludge is grabbed, and specifically, the volume weight of the domestic garbage is about 0.4-0.6t/m3The volume weight of the semi-dry sludge is about 0.2-0.35t/m3The grabbing interval time of each bucket of domestic garbage is 15-30 minutes; the water content of the semi-dry sludge is 25-35%; the furnace temperature is 900-1000 ℃ in cooperation with the incineration process, and the outlet flue gas temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
the furnace temperature in the collaborative incineration process is selected to be 900-;
(2) high-temperature flue gas generated in the incineration process of household garbage and semi-dry sludge in a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator enters a waste heat boiler from a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, generated steam enters a steam turbine through a steam outlet of the waste heat boiler, the steam turbine drives a generator to generate electricity, and the generated electricity can be used by a garbage incineration plant or is connected to a power grid for electricity selling;
(3) waste flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler enters a temperature reduction tower through a tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 175 ℃ through temperature reduction of the temperature reduction tower; the flue gas after temperature reduction reacts with slaked lime and activated carbon respectively sprayed by a slaked lime feeding system and an activated carbon feeding system in a pipeline for preliminary purification, acid gas and dioxin in the flue gas are respectively removed, and the flue gas after preliminary purification enters a bag type dust collector to remove fly ash and dust in the flue gas;
the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 175 ℃ through the temperature reduction tower, so as to ensure that the acid gas in the flue gas and the slaked lime fully react, and the reaction efficiency is greatly reduced when the temperature is higher or lower than the temperature;
(4) and the flue gas without the fly ash and the dust is sent into a wet washing tower by a draught fan to further remove acid gas, and then the flue gas is subjected to moisture removal by a smoke exhaust reheater and enters a chimney to be discharged to the atmosphere.
And (4) spraying the slaked lime and the activated carbon sprayed in the step (3) from two feeding ports which are arranged independently through a slaked lime feeding system and an activated carbon feeding system respectively.
And (4) performing stabilization treatment on the fly ash and the dust which are respectively generated and discharged from the bottom of the temperature reduction tower and the bag type dust collector in the step (3), and then sending the fly ash and the dust to landfill.
And (4) treating the sewage generated by the wet washing tower in the step (4) by a sewage treatment system and discharging the sewage after the sewage reaches the standard.
And furnace slag generated by the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator is subjected to stabilization treatment and then is buried.
The system operates continuously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a proper system and process for realizing the cooperative incineration of semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage, and utilizes the existing mechanical grate furnace in the municipal garbage incineration to carry out the cooperative incineration of the sludge and the domestic garbage, thereby having remarkable effect on the reduction treatment of municipal solid wastes;
secondly, the system and the method for cooperatively incinerating the semi-dry sludge and the domestic garbage have wide applicability in a feeding mode, and the proper arrangement of the feeding mode greatly reduces the process steps and the cost of pretreatment, so that the system and the method for cooperatively incinerating the semi-dry sludge and the domestic garbage are suitable for garbage of any shape and any type, such as bagged domestic garbage and sludge and domestic garbage and sludge which are not crushed and classified;
thirdly, the system and the method for cooperatively burning the semi-dry sludge and the household garbage are strictly matched with the feeding mode, the cooperative burning of the semi-dry sludge and the household garbage can be effectively realized, and the conventional garbage burning device and the conventional garbage burning system can be used, so that the system and the method are convenient to popularize and apply in industry;
fourthly, the acid is removed twice by adopting a slaked lime feeding system and a wet washing tower, so that the acid in the flue gas is more effectively removed, and the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced;
fifthly, the system runs continuously, and is more suitable for industrial production.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system and process flow for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage using a mechanical grate furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the feed unit A shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the incineration unit B shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the power generation unit C shown in fig. 1;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the flue gas treatment unit D shown in fig. 1.
In the figure:
1: loading attachment, 2: garbage storage pit, 3: feed grab, 4: mechanical grate furnace waste incinerator, 5: exhaust-heat boiler, 6: steam turbine, 7: a generator, 8: desuperheating column, 9: bag house dust collector, 10: draught fan, 11: wet scrubber tower, 12: exhaust gas reheater, 13: slaked lime storage tank, 14: roots blower, 15: disk feeder, 16: activated carbon storage tank, 17: roots blower, 18: a disk feeder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment discloses a system for burning semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage by using a mechanical grate furnace and a process method thereof. Specifically, the system consists of a feeding unit A, an incineration unit B, a power generation unit C and a flue gas treatment unit D;
as indicated by the dashed boxes in figure 1,
the equipment and the process of each unit are described as follows by combining the figures 1-5 respectively:
a feeding unit A: comprises a feeding device 1, a garbage storage pit 2 and a feeding grab bucket 3;
an incineration unit B: comprises a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator 4;
a power generation unit C: comprises a steam turbine 6 and a generator 7;
flue gas processing unit D: comprises a waste heat boiler 5, a desuperheating tower 8, a bag type dust collector 9, a draught fan 10, a wet type washing tower 11, a smoke exhaust reheater 12, a slaked lime feeding system and an active carbon feeding system.
Further, the slaked lime feeding system comprises a slaked lime storage tank 13, a Roots blower 14 and a disc feeder 15; the active carbon adding system comprises an active carbon storage tank 16, a Roots blower 17 and a disc feeder 18.
The feeding unit A, the incineration unit B and the flue gas treatment unit D are sequentially connected in series; the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator 4 of the incineration unit B is connected with a flue gas inlet a of a waste heat boiler 5 through a pipeline, a steam outlet B of the waste heat boiler 5 is connected with a steam turbine 6 of a power generation unit C through a pipeline, a tail gas outlet C of the waste heat boiler 5 is connected with a desuperheating tower 8, a bag type dust remover 9, an induced draft fan 10, a wet type washing tower 11 and a smoke exhaust reheater 12 in a flue gas treatment unit D sequentially through pipelines in series, and a slaked lime adding system and an active carbon adding system are respectively connected into the flue gas treatment unit at two flue gas outlets D and e respectively arranged on the desuperheating tower.
The garbage storage pit is provided with different positions for respectively storing the semi-dry sludge and the domestic garbage.
When the system is used, the domestic garbage and the half-dry sludge are respectively dumped into different positions in the garbage storage pit 2 by the feeding device 1 through the feeding unit A so as to facilitate the operation of a feeding process, and then the domestic garbage with 1 bucket is grabbed by the feeding grab bucket 3 and put into the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator 4. The volume weight of the domestic garbage is about 0.4-0.6t/m3The grab bucket has a volume of, for example, 8m3. The system is operated continuously, every time 10-13 buckets of domestic garbage are grabbed, 1 bucket of semi-dry sludge is grabbed, and the volume weight of the semi-dry sludge is about 0.2-0.35t/m3The water content is about 25-35%; wherein the grabbing interval time of each bucket of domestic garbage is 15-30 minutes. The furnace temperature is 900-1000 ℃ in the synergetic incineration process, and the outlet flue gas temperature is 850-1000 ℃.
The furnace temperature in the synergetic incineration process is 900-1000 ℃, and the furnace temperature can effectively reduce the generation of dioxin.
High-temperature flue gas generated by the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator 4 enters the waste heat boiler 5 from a flue gas inlet a of the waste heat boiler 5. Steam generated by the waste heat boiler 5 enters the steam turbine 6, and the steam turbine 6 drives the generator 7 to generate electricity. The generated electric power can be used by a waste incineration plant or be connected into a power grid for electricity selling.
The waste flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler 5 enters the temperature reduction tower 8 through the tail gas outlet c of the waste heat boiler 5 and the pipeline, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 175 ℃ after being reduced by the temperature reduction tower 8. The cooled flue gas reacts with slaked lime and activated carbon respectively sprayed by a slaked lime adding system and an activated carbon adding system in a pipeline to carry out primary purification, and acid gas and dioxin in the flue gas are respectively removed. The flue gas after primary purification then enters a bag type dust collector 9 to remove fly ash and dust therein.
The flue gas without fly ash and dust is sent into a wet scrubber 11 by a draught fan 10 to further remove acid gas, and then the gas is subjected to moisture removal by a smoke exhaust reheater 12 and enters a chimney to be discharged to the atmosphere.
The fly ash and the dust which are respectively generated and discharged from the bottoms of the temperature reduction tower 8 and the bag type dust collector 9 are sent to landfill after being stabilized.
The sewage generated by the wet washing tower 11 is treated by a sewage treatment system and discharged after reaching the standard.
And the furnace slag generated by the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator 4 is subjected to stabilization treatment and then buried.
The invention provides a proper system and process for realizing the cooperative incineration of semi-dry sludge and household garbage, utilizes the existing mechanical grate furnace in the urban garbage incineration to carry out the cooperative incineration of the sludge and the household garbage, and has obvious effect on the reduction treatment of urban solid wastes.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A system for burning half-dry sludge and domestic garbage by using a mechanical grate furnace in a synergic manner is characterized by mainly comprising a feeding unit, a burning unit, a power generation unit and a flue gas treatment unit; wherein,
the feeding unit comprises a feeding device, a garbage storage pit and a feeding grab bucket;
the incineration unit comprises a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator;
the power generation unit comprises a steam turbine and a generator;
the flue gas treatment unit comprises a waste heat boiler, a temperature reduction tower, a slaked lime feeding system, an active carbon feeding system, a bag type dust collector, a draught fan, a wet type washing tower and a smoke exhaust reheater; wherein,
the feeding unit, the incineration unit and the flue gas treatment unit are sequentially connected in series; burn the mechanical grate furnace waste incinerator of unit with exhaust-heat boiler's flue gas entry passes through the pipeline and links to each other, exhaust-heat boiler's steam outlet pass through the pipeline with the power generation unit steam turbine is connected, exhaust-heat boiler's tail gas export with the flue gas processing unit the desuperheater tower the bag collector the draught fan wet scrubbing tower the reheater loops through the pipeline and establishes ties, the lime hydrate dosing system with the active carbon dosing system is in respectively two flue gas exit portions of desuperheater insert the flue gas processing unit.
2. The system for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic waste using a mechanical grate furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein said waste storage pit is provided with different locations for storing the semi-dry sludge and the domestic waste, respectively.
3. The system for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage using a mechanical grate furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slaked lime addition system comprises a slaked lime storage tank, a roots blower and a disk feeder.
4. The system for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage using a mechanical grate furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activated carbon adding system comprises an activated carbon storage tank, a roots blower and a disk feeder.
5. The system for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and household waste using a mechanical grate furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flue gas reheater is a flue gas heater.
6. A method for burning semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage by using the system of any one of claims 1-5, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) dumping the household garbage and the half-dry sludge into different positions in a garbage storage pit by using a feeding device respectively, grabbing the household garbage by using a feeding grab bucket, and putting the household garbage into a mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator for incineration; wherein 1 bucket of the semi-dry sludge is grabbed every time 10-13 buckets of the domestic garbage are grabbed; the grabbing interval time of each bucket of domestic garbage is 15-30 minutes; the water content of the semi-dry sludge is 25-35%; the furnace temperature is 900-1000 ℃ in cooperation with the incineration process, and the flue gas temperature at the flue gas outlet is 850-1000 ℃;
(2) high-temperature flue gas generated in the incineration process of the household garbage and the semi-dry sludge in the mechanical grate furnace garbage incinerator enters the waste heat boiler from a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, generated steam enters the steam turbine through a steam outlet of the waste heat boiler, and the steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity;
(3) waste flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler enters a temperature reduction tower through a tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 175 ℃ through temperature reduction of the temperature reduction tower; the flue gas after temperature reduction reacts with slaked lime and activated carbon respectively sprayed by a slaked lime feeding system and an activated carbon feeding system in a pipeline for preliminary purification, acid gas and dioxin in the flue gas are respectively removed, and the flue gas after preliminary purification enters a bag type dust collector to remove fly ash and dust in the flue gas;
(4) and the flue gas without the fly ash and the dust is sent into a wet washing tower by a draught fan to further remove acid gas, and then the flue gas is subjected to moisture removal by a smoke exhaust reheater and enters a chimney to be discharged to the atmosphere.
7. The method for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and household garbage according to claim 6, wherein the slaked lime and the activated carbon injected in the step (3) are injected from two feeding ports which are independently arranged from each other by a slaked lime feeding system and an activated carbon feeding system respectively.
8. The method for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage according to claim 6, wherein the fly ash and dust generated and discharged from the bottom of the temperature reduction tower and the bag filter in step (3) are stabilized and sent to landfill.
9. The method for incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage in synergy of claim 6, wherein the wet scrubber tower in the step (4) produces sewage which is discharged after reaching standards by a sewage treatment system.
10. The method for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage according to claim 6, wherein the slag from the mechanical grate stoker garbage incinerator is stabilized and then buried.
11. The method for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic waste according to claim 6, wherein the volume weight of the domestic waste is 0.4-0.6t/m3The volume weight of the semi-dry sludge is 0.2-0.35t/m3。
12. The method for co-incinerating semi-dry sludge and domestic garbage according to claim 6, wherein the system is operated in a continuous mode.
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| CN117146275A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-01 | 武汉天源环保股份有限公司 | Carbonization and incineration power generation system and technology for sludge mixed combustion solid waste |
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Address after: 200232 unit 1216, building 1, No.10 Jianguo Middle Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai Patentee after: SHANGHAI ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ENGINEERING DESIGN INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: SHANGHAI INSTITUTE FOR DESIGN & RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Address before: Room 406q, 381 south Suzhou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200232 Patentee before: SHANGHAI ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ENGINEERING DESIGN INSTITUTE Patentee before: SHANGHAI INSTITUTE FOR DESIGN & RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING |