CN110906123A - Special target device and method for measuring midpoint triangle elevation of total station - Google Patents
Special target device and method for measuring midpoint triangle elevation of total station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110906123A CN110906123A CN201911345713.0A CN201911345713A CN110906123A CN 110906123 A CN110906123 A CN 110906123A CN 201911345713 A CN201911345713 A CN 201911345713A CN 110906123 A CN110906123 A CN 110906123A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
- F16M11/02—Heads
- F16M11/04—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
- F16M11/043—Allowing translations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
- F16M11/20—Undercarriages with or without wheels
- F16M11/22—Undercarriages with or without wheels with approximately constant height, e.g. with constant length of column or of legs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special target device and a method for measuring the midpoint triangular height of a total station, wherein the device comprises a target rod main body and three frame legs with different lengths, a connecting part of each frame leg and the target rod main body is provided with a fixed locking buckle, the middle part of the target rod main body is provided with high-precision bubbles, and a slightly upper position of each frame leg is provided with a micro-telescopic device; the top of the target rod body is provided with a fixed prism lens; the outer surface of the target rod body is provided with a slide way, and the fixed locking buckle can slide up and down along the slide way greatly. The invention limits the side length of the side to be measured and the angle of the vertical angle, applies the device and the system, applies the operation mode similar to leveling measurement, adopts the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station to replace the geometric leveling measurement, has the precision reaching the requirements of three, four and the like leveling measurement, can effectively control the measurement precision, greatly reduces the labor intensity and reduces the operation time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine ground settlement deformation monitoring, in particular to a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of a total station.
Background
According to the arrangement requirement of a national rock movement monitoring system, rock movement observation points of a mining area are basically established at the high position of a mountain top, and due to the fact that the ground fluctuation of a hilly area is large, if the traditional geometric leveling method is adopted, the number of measuring stations is large, the working strength is large, the speed is low, the error accumulation is large, the precision is not high, and the precision requirements of leveling of three, four and the like can be almost not met.
If the traditional total station instrument is directly adopted for triangulation elevation measurement, the requirements of national third and fourth leveling measurements cannot be met, and further the method cannot be applied to rock movement monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special target device and method for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of a total station.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of a total station comprises a target rod main body and three frame legs with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle is arranged at the connecting part of each frame leg and the target rod main body, high-precision bubbles are arranged in the middle of the target rod main body, and a micro-telescopic device is arranged slightly above each frame leg; the top of the target rod body is provided with a fixed prism lens; the outer surface of the target rod body is provided with a slide way, and the fixed locking buckle can slide up and down along the slide way greatly.
The fixed locking buckle is used for adjusting the rough and flat of the round bubble, so that the target tip is aligned to the measuring point.
The micro-telescopic device can adjust the length of the frame leg to be telescopic in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical.
Wherein the high-precision bubble ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when centered.
Wherein the target rod body is fixed in length and is not retractable.
The invention relates to a working method of a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of a total station, which comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that a station is arranged between two points, the length of an observation sight line is required to be not more than 300 meters generally, the longest sight line is not more than 500 meters, a vertical angle is not more than 20 degrees, the difference between the lengths of the sight line before and after each station is less than 30 meters, the third sight line is less than 30 meters, the fourth sight line is less than 50 meters, and the difference of height measurement in a reciprocating mode is used for offsetting the influence of the spherical air difference by taking the arithmetic;
(1) arranging a total station on a measuring station, and measuring the height of the instrument; a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is arranged on the target point, the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is of a fixed height, and the target heights on the two measuring points are the same and are fixed;
(2) observing the vertical angle by a total station through a measuring-back method, and taking an average value as a final calculation value; measuring the horizontal distance or the slant distance between the two points; or the total station directly sets the spherical air difference change to correct the altitude difference;
(3) observing according to the steps by adopting reciprocating observation;
(4) b, B' the calculation formula of the height difference between two points is
hBB'＝hAB-hAB'＝(D*tanα+i－v)-(D'*tanβ+i－v')
Since the instrument is mounted at midpoint a and does not change, instrument height i is fixed and target height is the same, i.e., v ═ v', the final equation is hBB'＝D*tanα-D'*tanβ；
HB'＝HB+hBB'；
The formula shows that S is the slant distance between two points, i is the instrument height, v and v' are the target height, α and β are the inclination angles, and h isABA, B point height difference; h isAB'Height difference at point A, B'; d is the distance between the AMs; d' is the distance between AN; hB、HB'The elevations of the points B and B';
the height difference between two points is calculated by applying the above formula, and the elevation of an unknown point is calculated by the elevation of a known point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding effects that:
if the traditional total station instrument triangulation height measurement method is directly adopted to replace national third, fourth and other leveling measurements, although the method is simple and easy to implement, the measurement error is difficult to control, and the purpose of replacing national third, fourth and other leveling measurements cannot be achieved. The invention firstly limits the triangle elevation measurement error accumulation on the method, and secondly adopts a special device and a special system to eliminate the triangle elevation measurement error, thereby achieving the purpose of replacing the three, four and other leveling measurements.
The invention limits the side length of the side to be measured and the angle of the vertical angle, applies the device and the system, applies the operation mode similar to leveling measurement, adopts the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station to replace the geometric leveling measurement, has the precision reaching the requirements of three, four and the like leveling measurement, can effectively control the measurement precision, greatly reduces the labor intensity and reduces the operation time.
The invention further relates to a special target device and a method for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of a total station, which are described in the specification and the specific embodiment of the invention in combination with the attached drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional triangulation elevation measurement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a target apparatus dedicated for point triangulation elevation measurement in a total station;
fig. 3 is a schematic measurement diagram of a special target device for point triangle elevation measurement in a total station.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of a total station comprises a target rod main body 2 and three frame legs 7 with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle 5 is arranged at the connecting part of each frame leg 7 and the target rod main body 2, high-precision air bubbles 3 are arranged in the middle of the target rod main body 2, and a slightly upper position of each frame leg 7 is provided with a micro-telescopic device 6; the top of the target rod body 2 is provided with a fixed prism lens 1; the outer surface of the target rod body 2 is provided with a slide way 4, and the fixed locking buckle 5 can slide up and down along the slide way 4 greatly.
The fixed locking buckle 5 is used for adjusting the rough and flat round air bubble so that the tip of the target is aligned with the measuring point. The micro-telescopic device 6 can adjust the length of the frame leg to stretch in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical. The high-precision bubble 3 ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when centered. The target rod body 2 is fixed in length and is not telescopic.
As shown in fig. 3, the working method of the target device special for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that a station is arranged between two points, the length of an observation sight line is required to be not more than 300 meters generally, the longest sight line is not more than 500 meters, a vertical angle is not more than 20 degrees, the difference between the lengths of the sight line before and after each station is less than 30 meters, the third sight line is less than 30 meters, the fourth sight line is less than 50 meters, and the difference of height measurement in a reciprocating mode is used for offsetting the influence of the spherical air difference by taking the arithmetic;
(1) arranging a total station on the measuring station, and measuring the height of the instrument (because the total station is observed by the midpoint, the total station can not be measured, theoretically, the influence of the total station on the height difference of two measuring points is the same when the total station is erected on the midpoint, and because the total station and the measuring point are subtracted to obtain the height difference between the two measuring points, the final result is mutual offset); a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is arranged on the target point, the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is fixed in height, and the target heights on the two measuring points are the same and are fixed, so that the target elevation measuring error is eliminated;
(2) observing the vertical angle by a total station through a measuring-back method, and taking an average value as a final calculation value; measuring the horizontal distance or the slant distance between the two points; or the total station directly sets the spherical air difference change to correct the elevation difference, and the target elevation is also fixed, so that the elevation difference between two points can be directly measured after a fixed value is input;
(3) observing according to the steps by adopting reciprocating observation;
(4) b, B' the calculation formula of the height difference between two points is
hBB'＝hAB-hAB'＝(D*tanα+i－v)-(D'*tanβ+i－v')
Since the instrument is mounted at midpoint a and does not change, instrument height i is fixed and target height is the same, i.e., v ═ v', the final equation is hBB'＝D*tanα－D'*tanβ；
Elevation H of unknown pointB'＝HB+hBB'；
The formula shows that S is the slant distance between two points, i is the instrument height, v and v' are the target height, α and β are the inclination angles, and h isABA, B point height difference; h isAB'Height difference at point A, B'; d is the distance between the AMs; d' is the distance between AN; hB、HB'The elevations of the points B and B';
the height difference between two points is calculated by applying the above formula, and the elevation of an unknown point is calculated by the elevation of a known point.
The conclusion can be drawn from the above equation: by limiting the accumulated number of the front and rear sight distance differences not to exceed a certain value and the vertical angle not to exceed 20 degrees, and adopting the special target device and method for measuring the midpoint triangular elevation of the total station, the measurement errors of the instrument height and the target height are eliminated, so that the technical scheme of replacing three, four and other leveling measures is completely feasible.
Comparative example
Conventional triangulation is based on distance (slope) and vertical angle between two points to estimate the height difference between the two points.
The calculation formula is as follows: h isAB＝S*sinα+i－v
Expressed in the formula: s- - - -the skew distance between two points;
i-instrument height;
v- - -target height;
α - -inclination angle;
with the popularization of the total station in construction measurement, the height difference (elevation) measured by the total station is not calculated by a formula by measuring the vertical angle by using a photoelectric distance measuring instrument any more at present, but the height difference between two points is directly measured after the instrument height and the target height are input into the instrument.
As shown in FIG. 1, point A is known to be at an elevation HAB is a undetermined point and the height to be calculated is HB. At point A. anPlacing a total station, aiming at the target top end M of a point B, measuring a vertical angle α, measuring the height i of the instrument and the height v of a target, and if the distance D' between the AM and the target is measured, measuring the height difference h of the A, B pointABComprises the following steps:
hAB＝D'*sinα+i－v
if the horizontal distance D of the point A, B is measured, the height difference hABComprises the following steps:
hAB＝D*tanα+i－v
then the elevation of point B is HB＝HA+hAB。
The above calculation formula is derived on the assumption that the earth surface is a horizontal plane (i.e., the horizon plane is a horizontal plane) and the observation line of sight is a straight line. When the distance between two points on the ground is less than 300m, these assumptions can be approximately considered to be true, and the above formula can also be applied directly. However, when the distance between two points exceeds 300m, curvature correction, called spherical aberration correction, is performed in consideration of the influence of the earth's curvature on the elevation, and the number of corrections is c. Meanwhile, the observation sight line is affected by atmospheric refraction and is called an upward convex arc line, and correction of the influence of atmospheric refraction, called gas difference correction, needs to be carried out, and the correction number is gamma. The two corrections are called spherical aberration correction, short for two-difference correction, and the correction number is f ═ c- γ.
The sum of the spherical aberration correction and the gas aberration correction can be expressed as
In the formula: f, correcting two errors for short. Since k is between about 0.08 and 0.14, f is constantly greater than zero. The vertical refractive index k of the atmosphere varies with the conditions of the region, the climate, the season, the ground cover and the height of the sight line beyond the ground, and the two difference corrections f are calculated by taking k as 0.14. In order to reduce the two-difference correction f, the side length should not be greater than 1 km.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A special target device for point triangle elevation measurement in a total station is characterized in that: the novel target rod comprises a target rod main body (2) and three rack legs (7) with different lengths, wherein a fixed locking buckle (5) is arranged at the connecting part of each rack leg (7) and the target rod main body (2), a high-precision bubble (3) is arranged in the middle of the target rod main body (2), and a micro-telescopic device (6) is arranged slightly above each rack leg (7); the top of the target rod body (2) is provided with a fixed prism lens (1); the outer surface of the target rod body (2) is provided with a slide way (4), and the fixed locking buckle (5) can slide up and down along the slide way (4) to a large extent.
2. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixed locking buckle (5) is used for adjusting the rough and flat of the round bubble, so that the tip of the target is aligned with the measuring point.
3. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the micro-telescopic device (6) can adjust the length of the frame leg to be telescopic in a small range, so that high-precision bubbles are adjusted to be centered, and the target is guaranteed to be accurate and vertical.
4. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the high-precision bubble (3) ensures that the target rod is accurately vertical when being placed in the middle.
5. The special target apparatus for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement of a total station as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the target rod body (2) is fixed in length and is not telescopic.
6. The method of operating a target apparatus dedicated for midpoint triangulation elevation measurement in a total station of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the method is characterized in that a station is arranged between two points, the length of an observation sight line is required to be not more than 300 meters generally, the longest sight line is not more than 500 meters, a vertical angle is not more than 20 degrees, the difference between the lengths of the sight line before and after each station is less than 30 meters, the third sight line is less than 30 meters, the fourth sight line is less than 50 meters, and the difference of height measurement in a reciprocating mode is used for offsetting the influence of the spherical air difference by taking the arithmetic;
(1) arranging a total station on a measuring station, and measuring the height of the instrument; a special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is arranged on the target point, the special target device for measuring the midpoint triangle elevation of the total station is of a fixed height, and the target heights on the two measuring points are the same and are fixed;
(2) observing the vertical angle by a total station through a measuring-back method, and taking an average value as a final calculation value; measuring the horizontal distance or the slant distance between the two points; or the total station directly sets the spherical air difference change to correct the altitude difference;
(3) observing according to the steps by adopting reciprocating observation;
(4) b, B' the calculation formula of the height difference between two points is
hBB'＝hAB-hAB'＝(D*tanα+i－v)-(D'*tanβ+i－v')
Since the instrument is mounted at midpoint a and does not change, instrument height i is fixed and target height is the same, i.e., v ═ v', the final equation is hBB'＝D*tanα-D'*tanβ；
HB'＝HB+hBB'；
The formula shows that S is the slant distance between two points, i is the instrument height, v and v' are the target height, α and β are the inclination angles, and h isABA, B point height difference; h isAB'Height difference at point A, B'; d is the distance between the AMs; d' is the distance between AN; hB、HB'The elevations of the points B and B';
the height difference between two points is calculated by applying the above formula, and the elevation of an unknown point is calculated by the elevation of a known point.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108195402A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-22 | 中矿金业股份有限公司 | Total powerstation high inclination-angle analysis of measurement errors and correcting method |
| CN112113070A (en) * | 2020-08-22 | 2020-12-22 | 安徽同方工程咨询有限公司 | Level gauge for building supervision |
| CN113029092A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-25 | 广东海纬地恒空间信息技术有限公司 | Leveling and measuring station automation system based on network RTK GNSS |
| CN113251998A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-13 | 东华理工大学 | Intelligent triangular elevation measurement technology |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
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Application publication date: 20200324 |