CN106895819B - Total station high-precision triangular elevation measurement method - Google Patents
Total station high-precision triangular elevation measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106895819B CN106895819B CN201710001184.7A CN201710001184A CN106895819B CN 106895819 B CN106895819 B CN 106895819B CN 201710001184 A CN201710001184 A CN 201710001184A CN 106895819 B CN106895819 B CN 106895819B
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision triangular elevation measurement method of a total station, which comprises the following steps of: in the opposite measuring method, a total station is erected at A, B points simultaneously, the prism of the opposite side is measured simultaneously, the height difference between A, B points is calculated, the influence of A, B ball air difference is eliminated by averaging the height differences measured from A to B and from B to A, then the B point instrument is not moved, the A point instrument is moved to C point, the height difference between B, C is measured, then the C point is not moved, and the B point instrument is moved to the next station. The invention has the advantages that: the total station triangular elevation measurement is adopted to replace geometric leveling measurement, so that the method is fast in speed and high in efficiency, and is particularly suitable for mountain areas with large height differences.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a height control measuring method, in particular to a total station high-precision triangular height measuring method.
Background
The traditional elevation control measurement adopts geometric leveling measurement, the leveling instrument is simple in equipment and high in precision, the method is always a main method for elevation control measurement, the level with common DS3 precision can be used for three-level, four-level and the like level control measurement, more than three-level control measurement adopts precise level, such as DS1 and DS05 matched indium steel ruler, and also can adopt digital level and matched bar code leveling rod for measurement.
For mountains and hilly areas with large terrain variation, the common leveling speed is low, the efficiency is low, and the accuracy is reduced as the station is turned more with larger height difference. The total station triangulation elevation measurement is another method for elevation measurement, and has high measurement speed and high efficiency. In particular, in high mountain areas with large topography, leveling is limited by the length of the ruler, the speed of turning points is slower, and the precision cannot be ensured. It is not even possible to make a cliff steep slope level measurement. The accuracy of the total station triangulation elevation measurement is more affected than the geometric level, besides the measurement errors of distance measurement, vertical angle, instrument height and target are also affected by the earth curvature and atmospheric refraction, and the two factors are commonly called spherical aberration. Therefore, the accuracy of the total station triangulation is lower than that of the common leveling, and generally only the leveling accuracy standard of less than four levels can be achieved. Of course, certain measures are taken for observation, such as shortening the viewing distance, and the vertical angle of the measuring point is smaller than 10 degrees, so that the precision of the four-level measurement can be achieved, but the precision is difficult to ensure to meet the precision requirement of the three-level measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-precision triangular elevation measurement method of a total station, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention discloses a high-precision triangular elevation measurement method of a total station, which comprises the following steps of: the total station is erected at the point A, and the inclined distance S, the vertical angle a, the instrument height i of the point A, the target height v, the atmospheric refraction difference k1, the earth curvature influence k2 and the flat distance D=S×cos (a) of the two points AB are measured, so that the height difference h=S×tan (a) +C×S+i-v of the two points AB, wherein C is the common influence of the earth curvature and the atmospheric refraction and is called spherical air differenceWherein D is the average distance between AB, R is the average radius of the earth between AB, 6371km is taken for calculation, the spherical air difference is the variable quantity, the K values of different areas at different moments are different, and most of the K values are between 0.14 and 0.20;
the two-way distance measuring prism is arranged on the total station, and a pair of total stations are not only measuring stations but also target points of the other side in two-way simultaneous distance measurement;
the total station is forced to center the fixed high foot rest, there is centering rod of fixed length in the middle, use instrument height and goal high to fix, reduce and measure the error of instrument height and goal, the length of the rod is fixed, can choose 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m according to needs, centering foot rest can slide and fix with the side screw up and down along centering rod, the central screw of the disc can fix the instrument on the top of the goal, centering rod bring circular bubble to facilitate the flattening disc, the total station erects and fixes, then finish;
in the opposite measuring method, a total station is erected at A, B points simultaneously, the prism of the opposite side is measured simultaneously, the height difference between A, B points is calculated, the influence of A, B ball air difference is eliminated by averaging the height differences measured from A to B and from B to A, then the B point instrument is not moved, the A point instrument is moved to C point, the height difference between B, C is measured, then the C point is not moved, and the B point instrument is moved to the next station.
The total stations are identical in model and parameter setting.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The method improves the accuracy of the total station triangular elevation measurement, changes the observation method and equipment, and ensures that the accuracy of the total station triangular elevation measurement reaches the level measurement accuracy of three or more. (2) The measuring station and the target point are observed simultaneously, the measuring station is a target, the target is also the measuring station, the bidirectional simultaneous measurement is carried out, and the instrument height and the target height are fixed without measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the total station triangulation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-way ranging prism on a total station according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a fixed high foot rest in forced centering of the total station of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the opposite observation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further specifically described by the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
The invention relates to a high-precision triangular elevation measurement method of a total station; the measuring method comprises the following steps:
fig. 1 is a principle of total station triangular elevation measurement, the total station is erected at a point a, and a point B reflecting prism slant distance S, a vertical angle a, a point a instrument height i, a target height v, an atmospheric refraction difference k1, an earth curvature influence k2, and a two-point AB flat distance d=s×cos (a), wherein the two-point AB height difference h=s×tan (a) +c×s+i-v, and C is a common shadow of earth curvature and atmospheric refractionSound, called spherical qi differenceD is the average distance between AB, R is the average radius of the earth between AB, 6371km is taken for calculation, the spherical air difference is the variable quantity, the K values of different areas are different at different moments, and most of the K values are between 0.14 and 0.20;
FIG. 2 is a two-way distance measuring prism installed on a total station, wherein a pair of total stations are both measuring stations and target points of the other party in two-way simultaneous distance measurement, the carrying handle of the total stations is taken down during installation, the special carrying handle is installed, and the prism can be fixed through a central hole, so that the total station can be used as a measuring station and also as a reflection prism observation point of the target other party; the measuring station and the target point are observed at the same time, the measuring station is a target, the target is also the measuring station, the bidirectional simultaneous measurement is carried out, and the instrument height and the target height are fixed without measurement; different instrument handles are different, and the manufacture of the handles also needs to be aimed at specific instruments to ensure that the height difference from the main machine part of the prism and the instrument to the top of the fixed rod foot rest is the same so as to ensure that the target heights of different instruments are the same.
FIG. 3 shows a fixed high foot rest in forced centering of the total station, a centering rod with a fixed length is arranged in the middle, the instrument height and the target height are used for fixing, the error of measuring the instrument height and the target height is reduced, the length of the rod is fixed, 1.2m, 1.5m and 1.8m can be selected according to the requirement, the centering foot rest can slide up and down along the centering rod and can be fixed by side screws, the instrument can be fixed by a center screw of a disc on the top of the target, circular bubbles on the centering rod are convenient for leveling the disc, and the total station is leveled after being erected and fixed; a special fixed rod foot rest is adopted to ensure that the instrument height is fixed with the target height;
FIG. 4 shows a method of opposite observation, in which a total station is simultaneously erected at A, B two points, the prism of the other is simultaneously measured, the height difference between A, B two points is calculated, the influence of A, B spherical air difference is eliminated by averaging the height differences measured from A to B and from B to A, then the B point instrument is stationary, the A point instrument is moved to C point, the height difference between B, C is measured, then the C point is stationary, the B point instrument is moved to the next station, and the purpose of paying attention to the fact that even number stations meet the height difference between the two instruments is to eliminate the measurement errors caused by the difference in height between the two instruments.
In order to reduce the error of the height and the target of the measuring instrument, the invention adopts a centering foot rest with fixed height, adopts bidirectional measurement and takes an average value for eliminating the influence of the spherical air difference, and selects the same model for two opposite measuring instruments, if the instrument at the point A is the Leika TS06-2, the point B is also TS06-2, so that the error of the instrument and the target of the two instruments is reduced as much as the target height. The observation method is that the observation station and the target point are erected into the total station with the same model and the same precision, a prism is fixed on the total station and is erected on a special forced centering rod foot rest, the interphone is utilized for connection, the distance, the vertical angle and the height difference of two points are observed at the same time, 6 observation returns are needed to be observed for the third-class control point, 10 observation returns are needed to be done for the second class in order to improve the precision, meanwhile, the vertical angle of the target point is smaller than 10 degrees, the third-class target point is not larger than 500m, and the second class is not larger than 300m. The second station of the target point is not moved after one station is observed, the original station moves the third station for opposite observation, the K value change is large when the sun goes out of the mountain and goes down the mountain, the observation is avoided, the K value change is small when the sun goes to the afternoon 14 after 10 am, the observation is suitable, and in order to reduce errors caused by the difference of the two instruments, even stations accord with the level control points.
The invention adopts total station triangle elevation measurement to replace geometric leveling measurement, has high speed and high efficiency, and is particularly suitable for mountain areas with large height differences. However, the total station triangular elevation measurement has more influence of ball air difference than the geometric level measurement, so the measurement accuracy is lower than the geometric level measurement, and the invention adopts certain measures and an observation method to reduce the two errors, so that the total station triangular elevation measurement accuracy is greatly improved, the accuracy of three-level measurement and above can be achieved, and the three-level and second-level geometric level control measurement can be replaced.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The high-precision triangular elevation measurement method for the total station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the total station is erected at the point A, and the inclined distance S, the vertical angle a, the instrument height i of the point A, the target height v, the atmospheric refraction difference k1, the earth curvature influence k2 and the flat distance D=S×cos (a) of the two points AB are measured, so that the height difference h=S×tan (a) +C×S+i-v of the two points AB, wherein C is the common influence of the earth curvature and the atmospheric refraction and is called spherical air differenceWherein D is the average distance between AB, R is the average radius of the earth between AB, 6371km is taken for calculation, the spherical air difference is the variable quantity, the K values of different areas at different moments are different, and most of the K values are between 0.14 and 0.20;
the two-way distance measuring prism is arranged on the total station, and a pair of total stations are not only measuring stations but also target points of the other side in two-way simultaneous distance measurement;
the total station is forced to center the fixed high foot rest, there is centering rod of fixed length in the middle, use instrument height and goal high to fix, reduce and measure the error of instrument height and goal, the length of the rod is fixed, can choose 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m according to needs, centering foot rest can slide and fix with the side screw up and down along centering rod, the central screw of the disc can fix the instrument on the top of the goal, centering rod bring circular bubble to facilitate the flattening disc, the total station erects and fixes, then finish;
in the opposite measuring method, a total station is erected at A, B points simultaneously, the prism of the opposite side is measured simultaneously, the height difference between A, B points is calculated, the influence of A, B ball air difference is eliminated by averaging the height differences measured from A to B and from B to A, then the B point instrument is not moved, the A point instrument is moved to C point, the height difference between B, C is measured, then the C point is not moved, and the B point instrument is moved to the next station.
2. The method for measuring the high-precision triangular elevation of the total station according to claim 1, wherein the total station is identical in model number and identical in parameter setting.
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Families Citing this family (12)
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| CN107328388A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | It is a kind of high without the high Trigonometric Leveling of prism without instrument |
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| CN108981660A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of Opposite side survey method of triangulated height |
| CN108981661A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-11 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | The measuring device and measuring method of spheric and atmospheric aberration are eliminated in trigonometric levelling |
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| CN109520466A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-26 | 四川拓绘科技有限公司 | A kind of Free Station method based on the measurement of overall position |
| CN110044326A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-23 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Mountainous area highway application Trigonometric Leveling |
| CN110118546A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | A method of measuring independent structures elevation |
| CN110186426B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 中铁大桥局集团第二工程有限公司 | Remote triangular elevation river-crossing leveling method |
| CN110455257A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-11-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical atmosphere re- fraction coefficient detection method, measurement of higher degree system and method |
| CN110763191A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-07 | 江苏师范大学 | A measurement method and device for joint measurement of triangular elevation with front and rear view in a well |
| CN113432581A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 天津市勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for carrying out high-precision vault settlement observation by using precision leveling point |
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