CN110903152B - Preparation method of compression-resistant emulsion explosive - Google Patents
Preparation method of compression-resistant emulsion explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN110903152B CN110903152B CN201911217028.XA CN201911217028A CN110903152B CN 110903152 B CN110903152 B CN 110903152B CN 201911217028 A CN201911217028 A CN 201911217028A CN 110903152 B CN110903152 B CN 110903152B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive, belonging to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing a sensitizing agent and an emulsion matrix, adding the sensitizing agent into the emulsion matrix, and uniformly mixing to obtain an emulsion explosive; when the charging temperature is 45-60 ℃, the sensitizer comprises sodium nitrite, zinc nitrate, sodium thiocyanate and water; when the charging temperature is 60-90 ℃, the sensitizing agent comprises sodium nitrite, zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate and water. The preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive provided by the invention adopts a chemical sensitization mode to prepare the emulsion explosive, the provided sensitizer can adapt to the current production lines of two sensitization modes of medium-low temperature and high temperature, uncertain safety factors are reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, the clean production is facilitated, and the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive prepared by the preparation method has the characteristics of high detonation velocity, large explosion power, strong dynamic pressure and static pressure resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive.
Background
The emulsion explosive is a water-in-oil special emulsion system formed by suspending micro-droplets of an oxidant aqueous solution as a continuous phase in a continuous medium consisting of oil-like substances containing dispersed bubbles or hollow glass microspheres or other porous materials. With the development of economy, the strength of infrastructure construction and lake and sea development in China is continuously increased, southern areas in China belong to hilly terrains, the geological environment is complex, and a large number of joint cracks and karst caves exist; meanwhile, as the core area of the 21 st century offshore silk road, the number and scale of coastal wharfs are required to meet the increasing throughput, some original ports are reconstructed and expanded, and port and channel construction projects are increased year by year, in the projects, underground complex environment and underwater blasting have no important function, underground complex environment and underwater blasting technology are more complex than general land blasting, such as drilling process, charging process, lithologic structure condition, oceanographic weather condition and the like all have certain influence on blasting effect, especially higher requirement on the compression resistance of emulsion explosive is provided, the existing compression-resistant emulsion explosive is physically sensitized by glass microspheres and expanded perlite in the preparation process, the safety coefficient is low, and the obtained product has poor compression resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to improve the quality of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive and the safety of the production and preparation process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
respectively preparing a sensitizing agent and an emulsion matrix, adding the sensitizing agent into the emulsion matrix, and uniformly mixing to obtain an emulsion explosive;
when the charging temperature is 45-60 ℃, the sensitizer comprises 15-25% of sodium nitrite, 5-10% of zinc nitrate, 5-10% of sodium thiocyanate and 55-75% of water in percentage by mass;
when the charging temperature is 60-90 ℃, the sensitizer comprises 15-25% of sodium nitrite, 10-20% of zinc nitrate, 10-20% of calcium nitrate and 35-65% of water by mass percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive provided by the invention adopts a chemical sensitization mode to prepare the emulsion explosive, the provided sensitizer can adapt to the current production lines of medium-low temperature and high temperature sensitization modes, the fullness of the explosive roll can be adjusted according to the sensitization speed, the continuous and automatic production line charging and packaging are easy, the abrasion of the equipment and uncertain safety factors caused by physical sensitization such as glass microspheres and expanded perlite are reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, the clean production is facilitated, and the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive prepared by the method has the characteristics of high detonation velocity, large explosion power, strong dynamic pressure and static pressure resistance and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: and sensitizing by using a chemical sensitization method, and optimizing a sensitizing agent to enable the sensitizing agent to be suitable for sensitization production lines with different temperatures.
The invention provides a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive, which comprises the following steps:
respectively preparing a sensitizing agent and an emulsion matrix, adding the sensitizing agent into the emulsion matrix, and uniformly mixing to obtain an emulsion explosive;
when the charging temperature is 45-60 ℃, the sensitizer comprises 15-25% of sodium nitrite, 5-10% of zinc nitrate, 5-10% of sodium thiocyanate and 55-75% of water in percentage by mass;
when the charging temperature is 60-90 ℃, the sensitizer comprises 15-25% of sodium nitrite, 10-20% of zinc nitrate, 10-20% of calcium nitrate and 35-65% of water by mass percent.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive, the emulsion explosive is prepared in a chemical sensitization mode, the provided sensitizer can adapt to the current production line with two sensitization modes of medium-low temperature and high temperature, the fullness of the explosive roll can be adjusted according to the sensitization speed, the continuous and automatic production line is easy to charge and package, the abrasion of equipment and uncertain safety factors caused by physical sensitization such as glass microspheres and expanded perlite are reduced, the production and equipment maintenance cost is effectively reduced, and the clean production is facilitated; the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive prepared by the method has the characteristics of high explosion velocity, high explosion power, strong dynamic pressure and static pressure resistance and the like.
Further, the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive is prepared from 99.4-99.8% of emulsion matrix and 0.2-0.6% of sensitizer by mass percent.
Further, the emulsifying matrix is prepared from 90-95% of water phase solution and 5-10% of oil phase solution in percentage by mass.
From the above description, by adjusting the ratio of the water phase to the oil phase, the emulsified base is promoted to form a better coating structure, and the stability of the emulsified base and the bubbles under the pressure condition is ensured.
Further, the aqueous phase solution comprises 82-86% of ammonium nitrate, 3-9% of sodium nitrate and 5-15% of water in percentage by mass, and the aqueous phase crystallization point of the aqueous phase solution is 80-90 ℃.
Further, the oil phase solution comprises 25-45% of sp-80 emulsifier, 0-10% of polymer emulsifier and 45-75% of composite wax in percentage by mass.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing and dissolving 20kg of sodium nitrite, 6kg of zinc nitrate and 10kg of sodium thiocyanate in 64kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizer;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 38kg of sp-80 emulsifier and 62kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 830kg of ammonium nitrate, 60kg of sodium nitrate and 110kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 86 ℃, taking 940kg of aqueous phase solution and 60kg of oil phase solution, emulsifying at 90 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, cooling the emulsified matrix through a steel belt, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 45 ℃, and the density of the emulsified matrix is 1.40g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into the emulsion matrix cooled to 45% by a pumping metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.3%: 99.7 percent.
Filling the emulsion explosive in the example 1 by a filling machine to form cartridges with each weight of 300g, the diameter of 32mm and the length of 34 cm; packing 20 medicines into one bag by explosive packing equipment, and packing four bags of medicines into one box; the explosive performance of the emulsion explosive from the new product to 24 months of storage is respectively detected, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The cartridges were placed in different water pressure environments and the quasi-explosive rates were measured under different pressures, with the results shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Water pressure value (Mpa) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 |
| Quasi-explosion rate (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 50 | 0 |
The national standard refers to the GB 28286 and 2012 general technical conditions of the industrial explosive, and other indexes which are not listed in the invention all meet the GB 28286 and 2012 general technical conditions of the industrial explosive.
The gap distance refers to the maximum distance between the same explosive and the spacing medium capable of detonating. When an explosive (main explosive package) explodes, another explosive (explosive package) at a certain distance explodes due to the action of detonation waves. The detonation of a charge can cause the detonation of the charge, separated from it by an inert medium, at a distance, a phenomenon called sympathetic detonation. After the explosive is detonated, if the complete explosive reaction can be maintained all the way at a constant speed, the stable explosion is realized, and the speed is called detonation speed. The probability that the explosive can detonate under different water depths is the quasi-detonation rate.
It can be seen that the emulsion explosive prepared by the preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive provided in example 1 has various performances superior to national standards, has stable performance, has no significant influence on sympathetic detonation distance and detonation velocity even along with the increase of storage time, has a pressure of 0.30Mpa at about 28m depth, can meet the conventional underwater detonation depth, and has the characteristics of high detonation velocity, high detonation power and strong dynamic pressure resistance.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing and dissolving 20kg of sodium nitrite, 15kg of zinc nitrate and 15kg of calcium nitrate in 50kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizing agent;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 30kg of sp-80 emulsifier, 5kg of polymer emulsifier and 65kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 830kg of ammonium nitrate, 90kg of sodium nitrate and 80kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 89 ℃, taking 935kg of aqueous phase solution and 65kg of oil phase solution, and emulsifying at 95 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 60 ℃, and the density of the emulsified matrix is 1.39g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into an emulsion matrix at 60 ℃ in a pumping and metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.6%: 99.4 percent.
Filling the emulsion explosive of example 2 by a filling machine to form cartridges with each weight of 300g, the diameter of 32mm and the length of 34 cm; packing 20 medicines into one bag by explosive packing equipment, and packing four bags of medicines into one box; the explosive performance of the emulsion explosive from the new product to 24 months of storage was measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
The cartridges were placed under different water pressure conditions and the quasi-detonation rates were measured under different pressure conditions, with the results shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
| Water pressure value (Mpa) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 |
| Quasi-explosion rate (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 50 |
Example 3:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing 25kg of sodium nitrite, 10kg of zinc nitrate and 10kg of sodium thiocyanate, and dissolving in 55kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizer;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 25kg of sp-80 emulsifier and 75kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 830kg of ammonium nitrate, 60kg of sodium nitrate and 110kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 86 ℃, emulsifying 940kg of the aqueous phase solution and 60kg of the oil phase solution at 90 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, cooling the emulsified matrix through a steel belt, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 60 DEG CDensity of 1.38g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into an emulsion matrix cooled to 60 ℃ in a pumping and metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.4%: 99.6 percent.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing and dissolving 15kg of sodium nitrite, 5kg of zinc nitrate and 5kg of sodium thiocyanate in 55kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizer;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 10kg of polymer emulsifier, 45kg of sp-80 emulsifier and 45kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 830kg of ammonium nitrate, 60kg of sodium nitrate and 110kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 86 ℃, emulsifying 900kg of the aqueous phase solution and 100kg of the oil phase solution at 90 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, and cooling the emulsified matrix through a steel belt, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 55 ℃, and the density of the emulsified matrix is 1.36g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into an emulsion matrix cooled to 55 ℃ in a pumping and metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.2%: 99.8 percent.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing 25kg of sodium nitrite, 20kg of zinc nitrate and 20kg of calcium nitrate, and dissolving in 35kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizer;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 30kg of sp-80 emulsifier, 5kg of polymer emulsifier and 66kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 820kg of ammonium nitrate, 30kg of sodium nitrate and 50kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 89 ℃, taking 935kg of aqueous phase solution and 65kg of oil phase solution, and emulsifying at 95 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 90 ℃, and the density of the emulsified matrix is 1.38g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into an emulsion matrix at 90 ℃ in a pumping and metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.5%: 99.5 percent.
Example 6:
a preparation method of a pressure-resistant emulsion explosive specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a sensitizer: mixing and dissolving 15kg of sodium nitrite, 10kg of zinc nitrate and 10kg of calcium nitrate in 65kg of water with the water temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a sensitizing agent;
2) preparing an emulsified base: mixing 30kg of sp-80 emulsifier, 5kg of polymer emulsifier and 66kg of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution, mixing 860kg of ammonium nitrate, 90kg of sodium nitrate and 50kg of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution with an aqueous phase crystallization point of 89 ℃, and emulsifying 935kg of aqueous phase solution and 65kg of oil phase solution at 95 ℃ to obtain an emulsified matrix, wherein the temperature of the emulsified matrix is 80 ℃, and the density of the emulsified matrix is 1.38g/cm3；
3) Preparing an emulsion explosive: adding a sensitizer into an emulsion matrix at 80 ℃ in a pumping and metering mode, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentage of the sensitizer to the emulsion matrix is 0.6%: 99.4 percent.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive provided by the invention adopts a chemical sensitization mode to prepare the emulsion explosive, the provided sensitizer can adapt to the current production lines of medium-low temperature and high temperature sensitization modes, the fullness of the explosive roll can be adjusted according to the sensitization speed, the explosive charging and packaging of a continuous automatic production line are easy, the abrasion of the equipment and uncertain safety factors caused by physical sensitization of glass microspheres, expanded perlite and the like are reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, and the clean production is facilitated; by adjusting the proportion of the water phase and the oil phase, the emulsified matrix is promoted to form a better coating framework, and the stability of the emulsified matrix and bubbles under the pressure condition is ensured; the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive prepared by the method has the characteristics of high explosion velocity, high explosion power, strong dynamic pressure and static pressure resistance and the like.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
respectively preparing a sensitizing agent and an emulsion matrix, adding the sensitizing agent into the emulsion matrix, and uniformly mixing to obtain an emulsion explosive;
the charging temperature is 60-90 ℃, the sensitizer comprises 20% of sodium nitrite, 15% of zinc nitrate, 15% of calcium nitrate and 50% of water by mass percent, and the mass percent of the sensitizer and the emulsifying matrix is 0.6% and 99.4% respectively;
the emulsifying matrix is prepared from 90-95% of water phase solution and 5-10% of oil phase solution in percentage by mass;
the aqueous phase solution comprises 82-86% of ammonium nitrate, 3-9% of sodium nitrate and 5-15% of water in percentage by mass, and the aqueous phase crystallization point of the aqueous phase solution is 80-90 ℃.
2. The preparation method of the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein the oil phase solution comprises 25-45% of sp-80 emulsifier, 0-10% of high-molecular emulsifier and 45-75% of composite wax in percentage by mass.
3. The method for preparing the pressure-resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, comprising the following steps of:
1) mixing and dissolving 20% of sodium nitrite, 15% of zinc nitrate and 15% of calcium nitrate in 50% of water by mass percent to obtain a sensitizer;
2) mixing 30% by mass of sp-80 emulsifier, 5% by mass of polymer emulsifier and 65% by mass of composite wax to prepare an oil phase solution; mixing 83% of ammonium nitrate, 9% of sodium nitrate and 8% of water to obtain an aqueous phase solution; taking 93.5% of water phase solution and 6.5% of oil phase solution in percentage by mass, and emulsifying to obtain an emulsified substrate;
3) adding a sensitizer into the cooled emulsion matrix, and uniformly mixing to obtain the emulsion explosive, wherein the mass percentages of the sensitizer and the emulsion matrix are 0.6% and 99.4% respectively.
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| WO2012047333A2 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2012-04-12 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Salt compositions and explosives using the same |
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| CN104803814A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 长沙亦川机电设备科技有限责任公司 | Intermediate-temperature-sensitized emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108911934A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-30 | 福建省民爆化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent for emulsion explosive and the emulsion for using the foaming agent |
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