CN110902833B - Ecological restoration method for urban lakes - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for urban lakes Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for an urban lake in the technical field of ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the structure of the fish community; step two: wind waves are reduced; step three: conditioning water quality; step four: planting submerged plants; step five: constructing a health food net; step six: long-acting maintenance operation; the method for ecological restoration of the urban lake aims at the design of the ecological restoration scheme, the adopted fish regulation and control method is different from the prior net catching and electric fish non-environmental-friendly means of other ecological restoration projects, the operation is simple, the effect is fast, the fish is not destructive, and reference is provided for the regulation and control of the fish similar to water; the wave dissipation enclosure is different from the enclosure made of a traditional net film or PVC material, the ecological environment-friendly permeable enclosure is adopted, fluctuation can be realized along with the water level, the water landscape is not influenced while the environmental protection and ecological functions are achieved, and abundant implementation experience is provided for ecological restoration of urban water with large wind waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for an urban lake, and particularly relates to the technical field of ecological restoration.
Background
The ecological restoration is a comprehensive method for restoring polluted environment, which achieves the best effect and the lowest consumption by optimally combining various physical restoration, chemical restoration and engineering technical measures based on biological restoration under the guidance of an ecological principle. The smooth implementation of ecological restoration requires the participation of multiple disciplines such as ecology, physics, chemistry, botany, microbiology, molecular biology, cultivation and environmental engineering. The water ecological restoration technology is a classification in ecological restoration, and the water ecological restoration technology is used for restoring or rebuilding a degenerated water ecological system by combining various ecological means on the premise of following a natural law, so that the water restores the self-purification capacity and maintains the required ecological function.
Among a large number of water bodies, urban lakes have important functions in cities, including conserving water sources, regulating and storing floods, landscaping, and the like.
At present, most of water bodies in urban lakes are closed or semi-closed water bodies, and the treatment process has the difficulties of nondegradable water level, low water transparency, large wind and wave and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for an urban lake, which aims to solve the problems that most of the existing urban lake water bodies proposed in the background technology are closed or semi-closed water bodies, the water level is not degradable, the transparency of the water body is low, the wind and waves are large and the like in the treatment process, and the traditional ecological restoration method cannot solve the existing problems of the urban lake due to lack of pertinence and cannot achieve the effects of restoring the self-purification capacity of the water body and maintaining the ecological function of the water body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for ecological restoration of an urban lake comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the structure of the fish community: the fish community regulation and control is different from traditional screen catching, electric catching and medicine taking, a fish catching method is adopted, the principle that the fish avoids the screens and is afraid of disturbance is mainly utilized, the screens are densely distributed in the area and are distributed at intervals of 3-6 fingers, the average interval of the screens is 5-10 m, the distribution length is 30-50 m, the mechanical boat gives out sound to disturb fish activities, the fish are driven out of the screen area, the screens are repeatedly lifted, whether the fish are cleaned or not is confirmed, each area is cleaned for about 3-4 times, after the fish are cleaned, the fish catching area is sealed by a blocking net, and the fish catching activity of the next area is continued;
step two: wind wave reduction: the wind wave reduction is mainly realized by adopting an ecological permeable enclosure, the ecological permeable enclosure is arranged in the main wind direction of the lake according to the characteristics of the treatment area of the urban lake and is used for reducing the influence of the wind wave on the transparency of a water body and submerged vegetation, the ecological permeable enclosure mainly comprises a gabion counterweight, permeable polyamide fabric, a floating body and a fixed pile, the enclosure is connected with the fixed pile through a clamping hook, and can fluctuate up and down along with the water level under the action of the floating body;
step three: conditioning water quality: the water quality conditioning is to properly condition the transparency of a water body and the condition of nutritive salt according to the condition of fish community regulation and wind wave reduction so as to meet the necessary condition of submerged plant growth, mainly to regulate and control the transparency and the water quality by adding an environment-friendly flocculating agent, a microbial agent and filter feeding aquatic animals into the water body, and to properly adjust the proportion and the dosage of the environment-friendly flocculating agent, the microbial agent and the filter feeding animals according to the change of the water body color;
step four: planting submerged plants: the submerged plant planting comprises a planting mode and planting variety selection, wherein the planting mode adopts various planting modes of artificial cuttage, tool-assisted artificial cuttage and counter weight casting according to the characteristics of the bottom and the water depth of the urban lake, specifically adopts artificial cuttage in a shallow water soft mud area, adopts tool-assisted artificial cuttage in a deep water soft mud area, and adopts a counter weight casting mode in a deep water less mud or hard mud area;
step five: construction of a health food net: the healthy food net construction means that a reasonable aquatic animal community needs to be reconstructed to form a healthy food net structure under the conditions of fish regulation and control, water quality conditioning and submerged plant planting in the former stage based on ecological function requirements of urban lakes, and mainly comprises benthonic animals, filter-feeding fishes, detritus fishes and carnivorous fishes;
step six: long-term maintenance operation: the long-acting operation mainly comprises regular monitoring of water quality, bottom mud, aquatic plants and phytoplankton, manual daily maintenance and professional maintenance, wherein the frequency of the regular monitoring is generally 1-2 times per month; the daily maintenance comprises the steps of cleaning garbage on the water surface of a lake and harvesting waterweeds, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times/month; the professional maintenance comprises maintenance of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and emergencies, including reseeding and harvesting of submerged plants, control of the types and the number of the aquatic animals, algae outbreak, freezing and spirogyra breeding, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times per year.
Preferably, the environment-friendly flocculating agent comprises but is not limited to one or a combination of anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride, calcium peroxide, calcium hypochlorite and sodium polyacrylate, the using amount is 2ppm to 20ppm, the microbial agent mainly comprises one or a combination of bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bifidobacteria, the adding amount is 0.8 to 2.5mg/L in terms of concentration in a water body, the filter feeding aquatic animals mainly comprise Cristaria plicata and Cucumis tussimus Daphne, the filter feeding density is 1 to 3kg/m of Cristaria plicata3300-800 g/m damask silk spiral3。
Preferably, the submerged plant planting varieties follow the principle of localization, no invasion and no flooding, and a meadow type submerged plant functional community is planted in a shallow water area (less than 0.5m) and the picrasma quassioides is mainly planted; planting a functional colony of a lotus-base type submerged plant in a reclaimed water area (0.5-0.8 m), and mainly planting sowthistle tasselflower herb, hydrilla verticillata and microphylla; and (3) planting an upright submerged plant functional community in a deep water area (0.8-1.2 m), and mainly planting the microphylla and the malus vulgaris.
Preferably, the benthonic animals include screws, mussels; the filter feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead carp; the said clastic fish comprises xenocypris; the carnivorous fish comprises weever and snakehead, and the adding amount of the aquatic animals is 150-350 g/m calculated according to biomass320-40 g/m of fish3Wherein the mass ratio of filter-feeding fishes, clastic fishes and carnivorous fishes is (3-4): (1-2): (2-3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for ecological restoration of the urban lake pertinently designs an ecological restoration scheme, the adopted fish regulation and control method is different from the prior non-environment-friendly means such as net catching, electric fish and the like of other ecological restoration projects, the operation is simple, the effect is fast, the fish is not destructive, and reference is provided for fish regulation and control of similar water bodies; the wave dissipation enclosure is different from the traditional net film or PVC enclosure, adopts ecological environmental protection permeable enclosure, can fluctuate up and down along with the water level, has environmental protection and ecological function, does not influence the water landscape, and provides rich implementation experience for ecological restoration of urban water with large storms.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for ecological restoration of an urban lake comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the structure of the fish community: the fish community regulation and control is different from traditional screen catching, electric catching and medicine taking, a fish catching method is adopted, the principle that the fish avoids the screens and is afraid of disturbance is mainly utilized, the screens are densely distributed in the area and are distributed at intervals of 3-6 fingers, the average interval of the screens is 5-10 m, the distribution length is 30-50 m, the mechanical boat gives out sound to disturb fish activities, the fish are driven out of the screen area, the screens are repeatedly lifted, whether the fish are cleaned or not is confirmed, each area is cleaned for about 3-4 times, after the fish are cleaned, the fish catching area is sealed by a blocking net, and the fish catching activity of the next area is continued;
step two: wind wave reduction: the ecological permeable enclosure is mainly composed of a gabion counterweight, permeable polyamide fabric, a floating body and a fixed pile, is connected with the fixed pile through a clamping hook, and can fluctuate up and down along with the water level under the action of the floating body;
step three: conditioning water quality: the water quality conditioning is to properly condition the transparency of a water body and the condition of nutritive salt according to the condition of fish community regulation and wind wave reduction so as to meet the necessary condition of submerged plant growth, mainly to adjust and control the transparency and the water quality by adding an environment-friendly flocculant, a microbial agent and filter feeding aquatic animals into the water body, and to properly adjust the proportion and the dosage of the environment-friendly flocculant, the microbial agent and the filter feeding animals according to the change of the water body color;
step four: planting submerged plants: planting submerged plants, wherein the planting mode comprises a planting mode and planting variety selection, and the planting mode adopts various planting modes of artificial cuttage, tool-assisted artificial cuttage and counter weight casting according to the characteristics of the substrate and the water depth of the urban lake, in particular to the mode that the artificial cuttage is adopted in a shallow water soft mud area, the tool-assisted artificial cuttage is adopted in a deep water soft mud area, and the counter weight casting is adopted in a deep water less mud or hard mud area;
step five: construction of a health food net: the construction of the healthy food net refers to that a reasonable aquatic animal community needs to be reconstructed to form a healthy food net structure under the conditions of fish regulation and control, water quality conditioning and submerged plant planting in the former stage based on the ecological function requirements of the urban lake, and mainly comprises benthonic animals, filter feeding fishes, detritus fishes and carnivorous fishes;
step six: long-term maintenance operation: the long-acting operation mainly comprises regular monitoring of water quality, bottom mud, aquatic plants and phytoplankton, manual daily maintenance and professional maintenance, wherein the frequency of the regular monitoring is generally 1-2 times per month; daily maintenance comprises cleaning garbage on the water surface of a lake and harvesting waterweeds, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times/month; professional maintenance comprises maintenance of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and emergencies, including reseeding and harvesting of submerged plants, control of the types and the number of the aquatic animals, algae outbreak, freezing and spirogyra breeding, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times per year.
The environment-friendly flocculating agent comprises but is not limited to one or a combination of more of anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride, calcium peroxide, calcium hypochlorite and sodium polyacrylate, the using amount is 2-20 ppm, the microbial agent mainly comprises one or a combination of more of bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bifidobacteria, the adding amount is 0.8-2.5 mg/L in concentration in a water body, and the filter feeding aquatic animals mainly comprise Cristaria plicata and Cucumaria paticulata Tsiana, are put in a suspension mode, and the putting density is 1-3 kg/m of Cristaria plicata3300-800 g/m damask silk spiral3The submerged plant planting varieties follow the principle of localization, no invasion and no flooding, a meadow type submerged plant functional community is planted in a shallow water area (less than 0.5m), and the dense sowthistle is mainly planted; planting a functional colony of a lotus-base type submerged plant in a reclaimed water area (0.5-0.8 m), and mainly planting sowthistle tasselflower herb, hydrilla verticillata and microphylla; planting an upright submerged plant functional community in a deep water area (0.8-1.2 m), mainly planting a micro-dentate eyeweed and a malus asiatica, wherein the benthonic animals comprise screws and mussels; the filter feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead carp; the clastic fish comprises Xenocypris; the carnivorous fish comprises weever and snakehead, and the amount of the added aquatic animals is 150-350 g/m calculated according to the biomass320-40 g/m of fish3Wherein the mass ratio of filter-feeding fishes, clastic fishes and carnivorous fishes is (3-4): (1-2): (2-3).
Example 1
A method for ecological restoration of an urban lake comprises fish community structure regulation, wind wave reduction, water quality conditioning, submerged plant planting, healthy food net construction and long-term maintenance operation.
Specifically, the fish community structure is regulated and controlled to be screen net fish catching, the screen nets are distributed at intervals of 3 fingers, 4 fingers and 5 fingers, the average interval of the screen nets is 6m, and the distribution length is 35 m; wind wave reduction, namely laying a barricade with the width of 2.5 +/-0.5 m and the total length of 300m according to the water depth and the terrain condition of an implementation site;
the water quality conditioning is mainly that 5ppm of calcium hypochlorite (the content is more than 60%) is adopted, then 10ppm of polyaluminium chloride (the content is 30%) is adopted for flocculation and precipitation, and the transparency of a water body is increased to be more than 100 cm;
planting submerged plants, namely planting 10 clusters of sown herbs, black algae and potamogeton malabaricum in each square meter in a manner of tool-assisted artificial cuttage according to the characteristics of the bottom and the depth of a restored water body, wherein the planted varieties are sown sowthistle, black algae and potamogeton malaianus.
The construction of the health food net is that after the submerged plant is planted and grows basically stably, screws of 200g/m are put into the water body312g/m silver carp3Xenocypris davidi 4g/m3And snakehead 12g/m3。
The long-acting operation shows that the transparency of the water body is stably maintained above 120cm after ecological restoration, the annual coverage of the aquatic plants is more than 40%, and the water quality is stably maintained in the quality standard IV class of the surface water environment.
Example 2
A method for ecological restoration of an urban lake comprises fish community structure regulation, wind wave reduction, water quality conditioning, submerged plant planting, healthy food net construction and long-term maintenance operation.
Specifically, the fish community structure is regulated and controlled to be screen net fish catching, the screen nets are distributed at intervals of 3 fingers, 4 fingers, 5 fingers and 6 fingers, the average interval of the screen nets is 5m, and the distribution length is 40 m; wind wave reduction, namely laying a barricade with the width of 2.0 +/-0.3 m and the total length of 500m according to the water depth and the terrain condition of an implementation site;
regulating water quality, namely firstly suspending in a water body in a suspension mode according to the water quality characteristics, wherein the suspension density is 2kg/m3The plica mussel is thrown in a shallow water area at a concentration of 500g/m3The period of hanging the clam is 5 days, and after 5 days, mixed microorganisms of bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria with the concentration of 1mg/L are put into the water body, and submerged plant planting is carried out after full reaction.
Planting submerged plants, namely adopting an artificial direct cuttage mode in a shallow water area according to the water body bottom and the water depth characteristics, wherein the cuttage density is 60 plants per square meter of common sowthistle; the deep water area adopts a counter weight throwing mode, the average throwing density is 8 clusters/square meter and 150 g/cluster, and the throwing varieties are hydrilla verticillata, gynura bicolor and gynura malacophylla.
After the submerged plants are planted, the long-acting operation stage is carried out, the water quality and the bottom mud are monitored for 1 time per month, the aquatic plants and the phytoplankton are monitored for 1 time per quarter, and the harvesting and reseeding of the submerged plants are carried out according to the monitoring result, wherein the main harvesting time is 7-10 months, and the reseeding time is 3-5 months. The water body is subjected to anti-freezing maintenance through the water level in winter every year, spirogyra prevention and control are carried out through spraying of a medicament, after the ecological system stably runs, the transparency of the water body is stabilized to be more than 100cm, the coverage rate of submerged plants reaches more than 50%, the water quality is stabilized in a surface water environment quality standard class III, and no spirogyra or large-area algae outbreak phenomenon occurs.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the structure of the fish community: the fish community regulation and control is different from the traditional screen catching, electric catching and medicine taking, the fish community regulation and control is carried out by adopting a fish catching method, mainly utilizing the principle that the fish avoids the screen and is afraid of disturbance, the screen is densely distributed in the area and divided into 5 fingers for interval arrangement, the screen is evenly spaced for 8m, the distribution length is 50m, the mechanical boat gives out sound to disturb the fish activity, the fish is caught out of the screen area, the screen is repeatedly lifted, whether the cleaning is carried out or not is confirmed, each area is cleaned for about 3 times, after the cleaning is finished, the fish catching area is sealed by a blocking net, and the fish catching activity of the next area is continued;
step two: wind wave reduction: the ecological permeable enclosure is mainly composed of a gabion counterweight, permeable polyamide fabric, a floating body and a fixed pile, is connected with the fixed pile through a clamping hook, and can fluctuate up and down along with the water level under the action of the floating body;
step three: conditioning water quality: the water quality conditioning is to properly condition the transparency of a water body and the condition of nutritive salt according to the condition of fish community regulation and wind wave reduction so as to meet the necessary condition of submerged plant growth, mainly to adjust and control the transparency and the water quality by adding an environment-friendly flocculant, a microbial agent and filter feeding aquatic animals into the water body, and to properly adjust the proportion and the dosage of the environment-friendly flocculant, the microbial agent and the filter feeding animals according to the change of the water body color;
step four: planting submerged plants: planting submerged plants, wherein the planting mode comprises a planting mode and planting variety selection, and the planting mode adopts various planting modes of artificial cuttage, tool-assisted artificial cuttage and counter weight casting according to the characteristics of the substrate and the water depth of the urban lake, in particular to the mode that the artificial cuttage is adopted in a shallow water soft mud area, the tool-assisted artificial cuttage is adopted in a deep water soft mud area, and the counter weight casting is adopted in a deep water less mud or hard mud area;
step five: construction of a health food net: the construction of the healthy food net refers to that a reasonable aquatic animal community needs to be reconstructed to form a healthy food net structure under the conditions of fish regulation and control, water quality conditioning and submerged plant planting in the former stage based on the ecological function requirements of the urban lake, and mainly comprises benthonic animals, filter feeding fishes, detritus fishes and carnivorous fishes;
step six: long-term maintenance operation: the long-acting operation mainly comprises the regular monitoring of water quality, bottom mud, aquatic plants and phytoplankton, the manual daily maintenance and the professional maintenance, and the frequency of the regular monitoring is generally 2 times per month; daily maintenance comprises cleaning up garbage on the water surface of the lake and harvesting waterweeds, and the maintenance frequency is 3 times/month; professional maintenance comprises maintenance of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and emergencies, including reseeding and harvesting of submerged plants, control of the types and the number of the aquatic animals, algae outbreak, freezing and spirogyra breeding, and the maintenance frequency is 4 times/year.
Wherein the environment-friendly flocculating agent comprises but is not limited to one or a combination of more of anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride, calcium peroxide, calcium hypochlorite and sodium polyacrylate, the using amount is 18ppm, the microbial agent mainly comprises one or a combination of more of bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bifidobacterium, the adding amount is 2.5mg/L calculated by the concentration in the water body, the filter feeding aquatic animals mainly comprise Cristaria plicata and Cusika shell, the suspending way is adopted for adding, and the adding density is 2kg/m of Cristaria plicata3Damask silk and spiral shell 750g/m3The submerged plant planting varieties follow the principle of localization, no invasion and no flooding, a meadow type submerged plant functional community is planted in a shallow water area (less than 0.5m), and the dense sowthistle is mainly planted; planting functional communities of lotus-base type submerged plants in the middle water area (0.7m), mainly planting Sophora davidii, black algae and microphylla; planting upright submerged plant functional communities in a deep water area (0.9m), mainly planting micro-dentate eyedrops and malus vulgaris, wherein the benthonic animals comprise screws and mussels; the filter feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead carp; the clastic fish comprises Xenocypris; the carnivorous fish comprises weever and snakehead, and the amount of the aquatic animals added is 250g/m calculated according to the biomass330g/m of fish3Wherein the mass ratio of filter-feeding fishes, clastic fishes and carnivorous fishes is (3-4): (1-2): (2-3).
By combining the above steps, the ecological restoration scheme is designed in a targeted manner, the adopted fish regulation and control method is different from the previous non-environment-friendly means such as net catching, electric fish and the like of other ecological restoration projects, the operation is simple, the effect is fast, the fish is not destructive, and reference is provided for the regulation and control of the fish in a similar water body; the wave dissipation enclosure is different from the traditional net film or PVC enclosure, adopts ecological environmental protection permeable enclosure, can fluctuate up and down along with the water level, has environmental protection and ecological function, does not influence the water landscape, and provides rich implementation experience for ecological restoration of urban water with large storms.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for ecological restoration of an urban lake is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling the structure of the fish community: the fish community regulation and control is different from traditional screen catching, electric catching and medicine taking, a fish catching method is adopted, the principle that the fish avoids the screens and is afraid of disturbance is mainly utilized, the screens are densely distributed in the area and are distributed at intervals of 3-6 fingers, the average interval of the screens is 5-10 m, the distribution length is 30-50 m, the mechanical boat gives out sound to disturb fish activities, the fish are driven out of the screen area, the screens are repeatedly lifted, whether the fish are cleaned or not is confirmed, each area is cleaned for about 3-4 times, after the fish are cleaned, the fish catching area is sealed by a blocking net, and the fish catching activity of the next area is continued;
step two: wind wave reduction: the wind wave reduction is mainly realized by adopting an ecological permeable enclosure, the ecological permeable enclosure is arranged in the main wind direction of the lake according to the characteristics of the treatment area of the urban lake and is used for reducing the influence of the wind wave on the transparency of a water body and submerged vegetation, the ecological permeable enclosure mainly comprises a gabion counterweight, permeable polyamide fabric, a floating body and a fixed pile, the enclosure is connected with the fixed pile through a clamping hook, and can fluctuate up and down along with the water level under the action of the floating body;
step three: conditioning water quality: the water quality conditioning is to properly condition the transparency of a water body and the condition of nutritive salt according to the condition of fish community regulation and wind wave reduction so as to meet the necessary condition of submerged plant growth, mainly to regulate and control the transparency and the water quality by adding an environment-friendly flocculating agent, a microbial agent and filter feeding aquatic animals into the water body, and to properly adjust the proportion and the dosage of the environment-friendly flocculating agent, the microbial agent and the filter feeding animals according to the change of the water body color;
step four: planting submerged plants: the submerged plant planting comprises a planting mode and planting variety selection, wherein the planting mode adopts various planting modes of artificial cuttage, tool-assisted artificial cuttage and counter weight casting according to the characteristics of the bottom and the water depth of the urban lake, specifically adopts artificial cuttage in a shallow water soft mud area, adopts tool-assisted artificial cuttage in a deep water soft mud area, and adopts a counter weight casting mode in a deep water less mud or hard mud area;
step five: construction of a health food net: the healthy food net construction means that a reasonable aquatic animal community needs to be reconstructed to form a healthy food net structure under the conditions of fish regulation and control, water quality conditioning and submerged plant planting in the former stage based on ecological function requirements of urban lakes, and mainly comprises benthonic animals, filter-feeding fishes, detritus fishes and carnivorous fishes;
step six: long-term maintenance operation: the long-acting operation mainly comprises regular monitoring of water quality, bottom mud, aquatic plants and phytoplankton, manual daily maintenance and professional maintenance, wherein the frequency of the regular monitoring is generally 1-2 times per month; the daily maintenance comprises the steps of cleaning garbage on the water surface of a lake and harvesting waterweeds, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times/month; the professional maintenance comprises maintenance of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and emergencies, including reseeding and harvesting of submerged plants, control of the types and the number of the aquatic animals, algae outbreak, freezing and spirogyra breeding, and the maintenance frequency is 2-4 times per year.
2. The method for ecological restoration of the urban lake according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the environment-friendly flocculating agent comprises but is not limited to one or a combination of more of anionic polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride, calcium peroxide, calcium hypochlorite and sodium polyacrylate, the using amount is 2-20 ppm, the microbial agent mainly comprises one or a combination of more of bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and bifidobacteria, the adding amount is 0.8-2.5 mg/L in terms of concentration in a water body, the filter feeding aquatic animals mainly comprise Cristaria plicata and Cusika Luohuo snails, the adding amount is 0.8-2.5 mg/L, and the adding density is 1-3 kg/m of Cristaria plicata3300-800 g/m damask silk spiral3。
3. The method for ecological restoration of the urban lake according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the submerged plant planting varieties follow the principle of localization, no invasion and no flooding, a meadow type submerged plant functional community is planted in a shallow water area (less than 0.5m), and the dense sowthistle is mainly planted; planting a functional colony of a lotus-base type submerged plant in a reclaimed water area (0.5-0.8 m), and mainly planting sowthistle tasselflower herb, hydrilla verticillata and microphylla; and (3) planting an upright submerged plant functional community in a deep water area (0.8-1.2 m), and mainly planting the microphylla and the malus vulgaris.
4. The method for ecological restoration of the urban lake according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the benthonic animals comprise screws and mussels; the filter feeding fish comprises silver carp and bighead carp; the said clastic fish comprises xenocypris; the carnivorous fish comprises weever and snakehead, and the adding amount of the aquatic animals is 150-350 g/m calculated according to biomass320-40 g/m of fish3Wherein the mass ratio of filter-feeding fishes, clastic fishes and carnivorous fishes is (3-4): (1-2): (2-3).
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