CN110896741A

CN110896741A - Method for cultivating rock candy cherry

Info

Publication number: CN110896741A
Application number: CN201811074410.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏斐
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-09-14
Filing date: 2018-09-14
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating rock candy cherries, relates to the production of large cherries, and solves the problems that the fruits of the large cherries are not high in sweetness, low in hardness, not resistant to storage and transportation, and not resistant to fruit cracking. The method comprises the steps of selecting Chinese cherries harvested from Qinling mountains for sowing, finding a single plant with good growth vigor and properties, grafting the single plant into large cherries in the same year, performing propagation expansion, selecting cultured branches as scions, and grafting the branches through green branches to culture large cherry varieties which are suitable for being planted in the Shaanxi area, have high sweetness and hardness, are storage and transportation resistant, and have light anti-cracking effect. The method is characterized in that: the early-season fruit tree has the advantages of excellent quality, early fruit, high yield, half-open tree posture, dark green leaves, vigorous tree vigor, excellent early fruit property, large fruit size, red color, about 9-12 g of average single fruit weight, good hardness, excellent storage and transportation resistance, slightly later maturation time than red light, fragrant and sweet taste, excellent seediness and mouthfeel, thick and short fruit stalks, fruit bearing branches formed by almost more than 90% of branches after the full-season fruit period, late frost resistance, self-pollination, light fruit cracking resistance, superior comprehensive quality to the current large-amount planted red light varieties and excellent variety prospect in development prospect.

Description

Method for cultivating rock candy cherry

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural crops, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a storage-resistant and transportation-resistant cherry variety with high sweetness.

Background

The main provinces of the large cherry cultivation in China at present are as follows: shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Beijing, Henan, Hebei, Gansu, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, etc., the most concentrated being along the railway of Yantai city, Liaoning Dali, Ganhai, Ganhui. However, the cultivated varieties in the above areas are mainly 'red light', are planted together with other middle and late-maturing pollinated varieties, and due to the varieties, the sweetness of fruits is not high enough, the fruits are not resistant to storage and transportation, and the fruit cracking resistance is poor. Therefore, the large cherry has the advantages of high investment, slow effect, low benefit and influence on economic benefit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tree body for producing large cherries, which can ensure that fruits have high sweetness, good hardness, storage and transportation resistance and fruit cracking resistance under the same management condition with red lantern varieties.

The method for cultivating the novel variety of the large cherry, namely the rock candy cherry, is implemented according to the following steps:

(1) and (3) stock breeding: selecting Chinese cherry seeds naturally growing in the Qinling mountain area to cultivate branches growing in the same year as stocks;

(2) selecting a scion: selecting a branch cultured by a variant single plant as a scion, wherein the comprehensive quality of the single plant is as follows: the fruit tree has the advantages of excellent quality, early fruit, high yield, half-opened tree posture, dark green leaves, vigorous tree vigor, excellent early fruit performance, large fruit size, red color, the average single fruit weight of about 9-12 g, the maximum weight of 18g, good hardness, extremely high storage and transportation resistance, slightly later ripening time than a red light, fragrant and sweet taste, excellent seediness and mouthfeel, thick and short fruit stalks, fruit bearing branches formed by almost more than 90% of branches after the full bearing period, 45-50 days of fruit growing period, ripening in 5 th of the middle of the guan region, late frost resistance, self-pollination and light fruit cracking resistance;

(3) grafting:

the grafting method comprises the following two steps of carrying out propagation on ① seedlings by adopting a bud-in-bud grafting mode and carrying out top grafting and excellent changing on ② fruiting adult trees by adopting a cleft grafting method.

The invention has the advantages that: the early-season flowering red-light fruit tree has the advantages of excellent quality, early fruit, high yield, half-opened tree posture, dark green leaves, vigorous tree vigor, excellent early fruit performance, large fruit size, red color, about 9-12 g of average single fruit weight, good hardness, excellent storage and transportation resistance, slightly later maturation time than red light, fragrant and sweet taste, excellent seediness and mouthfeel, thick and short fruit stalks, fruit bearing branches formed by almost more than 90% of branches after the full fruit period, 45-50 days of fruit growth period, maturation in 5 th of the guan, late frost resistance, self-pollination and light fruit cracking resistance, and excellent comprehensive quality which is superior to the red light variety planted in large quantities at present, and is an excellent variety with great development prospect. Under the same management condition with red light variety, the fruit has high sweetness, good hardness, storage and transportation resistance and fruit cracking resistance.

Detailed Description

The cultivation method of the large cherry rock candy cherry variety comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

variety source

The crystal sugar cherry large cherry is sown in 1986 from Chinese cherry seeds collected from Qinling mountain when seedling cultivation is established in a large cherry demonstration base established in Zhangxian of Zhangxian village in Mei county, Zhengzhen province. A single plant with good growth vigor and properties is found in a nursery garden in 1987, a single seedling is grafted into a large cherry at the end of 1987, the single plant is moved into a demonstration garden for management in 3 months in 1988, the single plant is fruited in 1990, the fruit properties are obviously superior to those of other large cherry varieties planted in the same period, branches which sprout on the plant in the current year are selected as scions in 1991, the green branch grafting and the expanding propagation are carried out, a bud-embedded grafting mode is adopted, the seedling bred by the Chinese cherry is grafted, and the second batch of finished seedlings in 1994 starts to bear fruits. After 15 years of breeding research and 2003 years of 8-year regional test in the Weibei plain region, the 2002 Guanzhong plain chicken, Weinan and Xian region, the 2002 Qinling south foot mountain region Shanxi Luo and the Hanzhong region, the chicken is bred in 2010.

(II) seed selection of rootstock

Selecting Chinese cherry seeds naturally growing in the Qinling mountain area to cultivate branches growing in the same year as stocks;

(III) selection of scions

Selecting a branch cultivated by a variant single plant as a scion, wherein the comprehensive quality is as follows: the early-season flowering fruit tree has the advantages of excellent quality, early fruit, high yield, half-open tree posture, dark green leaves, vigorous tree vigor, excellent early fruit performance, large fruit size, red color, the average single fruit weight of about 9-12 g, the maximum weight of 18g, good hardness, extremely durable storage and transportation, slightly later ripening time than a red light, fragrant and sweet taste, excellent seedless taste, thick and short fruit stem, fruit bearing branches formed by almost more than 90% of branches after the full bearing period, 45-50 days of fruit growing period, ripening in the middle 5 th of the Guanzhong area in Shaanxi, late frost resistance, self-pollination and light fruit cracking resistance.

(IV) grafting

① mature trees with bearing fruits are grafted by a cleft grafting method to change the high grafting and the high grafting of the mature trees with bearing fruits, and ② Chinese cherry seedlings are propagated by a bud-embedded grafting method.

(V) characteristic characteristics:

(1) biological characteristics: annual branches are slightly grayish brown, slightly white and hard, are coated with grayish white villi, have sparse spots, large leaves, semi-leathery and long round shapes, have the average leaf length of 14.5cm and the width of 7.8cm, have dark green and glossy leaf colors, have obviously raised veins on the back, are densely coated with the white villi, have tip gradually pointed, have heart-shaped bases, have fine and serrated leaf edges, have the leaf stalk length of 2.1cm and are light red; white or pink, single growth, 5 more petals, 6 occasional flowers, 2.5-2.8 cm diameter of corolla, 32-39 pistils and strong self-pollination capability.

(2) Phenological period

The rock candy cherry large cherry sprouts in the middle 3 th month of northern foot area of Qinling mountain, the early 4 months at the bottom of 3 months is a full bloom stage, the fruit is ripe in 18-25 days in 5 months, the growth period of the fruit is about 50 days, frost leaves fall in the middle and late 11 months, and then the dormancy stage is started.

(3) Economic character of fruit

Fruit kidney type, flat or slightly depressed fruit, evident suture. The fruits are neat and beautiful, the longitudinal diameter is 2.62 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.83cm, the average single fruit weight is 10.5g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 18 g; the fruit is bright red, the meat is hard, the kernel is small, the pulp is yellow, the kernel is separated, the texture is thin and juicy, the taste is sweet and refreshing, the flavor is strong and fragrant, the quality is excellent, and the fruit contains 17.5 percent of soluble solid and 6.32kg/cm2 of fruit hardness (with peel) and is resistant to storage and transportation through the detection of the northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university test center.

(4) Acclimation area and yield level

① is suitable for being planted in northern areas of Qinling mountain, the average annual temperature is 13-16 ℃, the frost-free period is more than 200 days, the cold requirement for dormancy is below 7.2 ℃, 1100-1300 hours are suitable for being planted in sandy soil with rich and loose soil layers and deep soil layers, the soil layer is more than one meter, the pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.5, the organic matter content is more than 1% and the soil can be planted in poor soil.

② yield level, under the general management level, the flowering rate of 72.5% in the second year after field planting, the average yield of 667m2 of three-year-old trees is 95kg, 430kg in the fourth year, 869kg in the fifth year, 1150kg in the sixth year and 1485 kg. in the seventh year, the cherry yield level is strong in cold resistance and disease resistance, has more outstanding advantages than cracking resistance, and is suitable for cultivation in a suitable area of a large cherry.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating rock candy cherry is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(3) grafting:

2. The cultivation method of rock candy cherry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the characteristics of the new variety of rock candy cherry are as follows:

(1) biological characteristics: annual branches are slightly grayish brown, slightly white and hard, are coated with grayish white villi, have sparse spots, large leaves, semi-leathery and long round shapes, have the average leaf length of 14.5cm and the width of 7.8cm, have dark green and glossy leaf colors, have obviously raised veins on the back, are densely coated with the white villi, have tip gradually pointed, have heart-shaped bases, have fine and serrated leaf edges, have the leaf stalk length of 2.1cm and are light red; white or pink flowers, single growth, 5 more petals, 6 occasional flowers, 2.5-2.8 cm diameter corolla, 32-39 pistils and strong self-pollination capability;

(2) phenological period

The crystal sugar cherry large cherries sprout in the middle 3 th month of the northern foot area of Qinling mountains, the early 4 months at the bottom of 3 months is a full bloom stage, the fruits are ripe in 18-25 days in 5 months, the growth period of the fruits is about 50 days, frost leaves fall in the middle and late 11 months, and then the rest period is started;

(3) economic character of fruit

Fruit kidney type, flat or slightly depressed fruit, evident suture. The fruits are neat and beautiful, the longitudinal diameter is 2.62 cm, the transverse diameter is 2.83cm, the average single fruit weight is 10.5g, and the maximum single fruit weight is 18 g; the fruit is bright red, the meat is hard, the kernel is small, the pulp is yellow, the kernel is separated, the texture is thin and juicy, the taste is sweet and refreshing, the flavor is strong and fragrant, the quality is excellent, and the fruit contains 17.5% of soluble solid matter and 6.32kg/cm2 of hardness of the peel of the fruit and is resistant to storage and transportation through the detection of the northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university test center;

(4) acclimation area and yield level

① is suitable for being planted in northern areas of Qinling mountains, the annual average temperature is 13-16 ℃, the frost-free period is more than 200 days, the cold requirement for completing dormancy is below 7.2 ℃, 1100-plus 1300 hours are suitable for being planted in sandy soil with rich and loose soil layers and deep soil layers, the soil layer is more than one meter, the pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.5, the organic matter content is more than 1 percent, and the soil can be planted when the soil is poor;

② yield level, under the general management level, the flowering rate of 72.5% in the second year after planting, the average yield of 667m2 of three-year-old trees is 95kg, 430kg in the fourth year, 869kg in the fifth year, 1150kg in the sixth year and 1485kg in the seventh year.