CN110894948A - System and method for treating household garbage - Google Patents

System and method for treating household garbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110894948A
CN110894948A CN201911397463.5A CN201911397463A CN110894948A CN 110894948 A CN110894948 A CN 110894948A CN 201911397463 A CN201911397463 A CN 201911397463A CN 110894948 A CN110894948 A CN 110894948A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
gas
combustion
chamber
outlet
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Pending
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CN201911397463.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
代江燕
姜铁斌
兰玉顺
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Beijing Yunshui Haorui Environmental Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Yunshui Haorui Environmental Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911397463.5A priority Critical patent/CN110894948A/en
Publication of CN110894948A publication Critical patent/CN110894948A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for treating domestic garbage, which comprises the following steps: the drying device is provided with a first rotary feeding piece, a household garbage inlet, a flue gas inlet, a dried household garbage outlet and a tail gas outlet; the pyrolysis device is provided with a second rotary feeding piece, a dried domestic garbage inlet, a pyrolytic carbon outlet and a pyrolytic gas outlet; a combustion chamber is formed between the shell and the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, a pyrolysis gas burner, a first combustion-supporting gas inlet, a burned flue gas outlet and a first burned ash outlet are arranged on the shell, and the pyrolysis gas burner is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet through a pipeline; the smoke reburning device is internally provided with a clapboard which divides the smoke reburning device into a reburning chamber and a separating chamber which are communicated, and the reburning chamber is provided with a burnt smoke inlet, a burner and a second combustion-supporting gas inlet; the separation chamber is provided with a second burnt ash outlet, a reburning flue gas outlet and a heat exchange piece, the reburning flue gas outlet is connected with the flue gas inlet, and the heat exchange piece is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet.

Description

System and method for treating household garbage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a system and a method for treating household garbage.
Background
The pyrolysis of the domestic garbage refers to that macromolecular organic matters in the domestic garbage are subjected to chemical bond breaking, isomerization, small molecular organic matters polymerization and other reactions through a heating means under the anaerobic condition, and the macromolecular organic matters are finally converted into small molecular gas fuel (CH)4、CO、H2Etc.), liquid fuels (organic acids, aromatics, tar) and activated coke (biochar, slag).
At present, a drying furnace and a pyrolysis furnace are generally arranged in the household garbage pyrolysis process, and gas generated by pyrolysis is not recycled in a system; the pyrolysis furnace burns fuels such as diesel oil, the fuels are not completely burnt due to insufficient air distribution during combustion in the furnace, and the obtained tail gas emits black smoke or NOx and dioxin exceed standards after complete combustion.
Therefore, the existing technology for disposing the household garbage needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for treating domestic waste. The system realizes the recycling of the pyrolysis gas, and can ensure that combustible components are completely combusted and simultaneously reduce NO in a large amount through the staged combustion of the combustion chamber and the smoke reburning chamberxAnd dioxin substances are discharged, and meanwhile, the system has high heat utilization rate, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety and environmental protection.
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a system for treating domestic garbage, which includes, according to an embodiment of the present invention:
the drying device is internally provided with a first rotary feeding piece and is provided with a household garbage inlet, a smoke inlet, a dried household garbage outlet and a tail gas outlet, the household garbage inlet and the smoke inlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the drying device, the dried household garbage outlet is positioned at the bottom of the drying device and is close to the smoke inlet, the tail gas outlet is positioned at the top of the drying device and is close to the household garbage inlet, one end of the first rotary feeding piece is connected with the household garbage inlet, and the other end of the first rotary feeding piece is connected with the dried household garbage outlet;
a pyrolysis apparatus having:
the pyrolysis chamber is internally provided with a second rotary feeding piece and is provided with a dried household garbage inlet, a pyrolysis carbon outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the dried household garbage inlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are respectively positioned at two end parts of the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber, the dried household garbage inlet is connected with the dried household garbage outlet, one end of the second rotary feeding piece is connected with the dried household garbage inlet, and the other end of the second rotary feeding piece is connected with the pyrolysis carbon outlet;
a combustion chamber is formed between the outer shell and the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners are arranged on the outer shell, the arrangement density of the pyrolysis gas burners is gradually increased along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece, the pyrolysis gas burners are connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet through pipelines, meanwhile, a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas inlets are formed in the outer shell, a combusted flue gas outlet is formed in the top of the combustion chamber, a first combusted ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the combustion chamber, the combusted flue gas outlet is close to the dried household garbage inlet, and the first combusted ash outlet and the combusted flue gas outlet are arranged in a vertical direction in a relative mode;
the smoke reburning device is internally provided with a clapboard which vertically extends upwards from the bottom and separates the smoke reburning device from a reburning chamber and a separating chamber which are communicated with each other at the top,
the bottom of the reburning chamber is provided with a burnt flue gas inlet, the side wall of the reburning chamber is provided with a burner and a second combustion-supporting gas inlet, the burner is lower than the partition plate in the height direction, and the burnt flue gas inlet is connected with the burnt flue gas outlet;
the bottom of the separation chamber is provided with a second burnt ash outlet which is close to the partition plate, the end part far away from the partition plate is provided with a reburning flue gas outlet, the reburning flue gas outlet is connected with the flue gas inlet, the separation chamber is internally provided with a heat exchange piece, and the heat exchange piece is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet.
According to the system for treating the household garbage, after the household garbage enters the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas export is close to the domestic waste entry, and the domestic waste export is close to the flue gas entry after the drying for domestic waste is dry more abundant, is favorable to reducing follow-up pyrolysis device's energy consumption, also can improve the thermal utilization ratio of flue gas simultaneously, avoids the flue gas directly to be discharged from the tail gas export. In the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged as a jacket, heat generated by the combustion chamber directly acts on the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is suitable for pyrolysis of dried domestic garbage, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is higher and higher along with the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas combustor is arranged on the shell along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece and the density is gradually increased; the dried domestic garbage is directly conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber, and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece, so that the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is continuously increased under the action of the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the flue gas is discharged after combustionMouth and first combustion back ash export set up relatively in vertical direction for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the position that the export of the back flue gas export of burning and first combustion back ash all set up the domestic waste entry after being close to the drying, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up in this place is small in quantity, and abundant composition emission is not burnt in the reducible combustion back flue gas. The obtained burned flue gas is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a combustor and second combustion-supporting gas of the reburning chamber, unburned and sufficient components in the burned flue gas are sufficiently combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxins; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state material and is sent to the separation of separator, ash content and the separation of flue gas after the reburning after the second burning under the effect of gravity, the two-way structure setting of chamber and separator again among the flue gas reburning device also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas simultaneously, make things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, furthermore, under the effect of heat transfer spare in the separator, can reduce the temperature of flue gas after the reburning, avoid getting into drying device's the flue gas temperature after the reburning too high, arouse the pyrolysis of domestic waste among the drying device. Therefore, the system realizes the recycling of the pyrolysis gas, and can ensure that combustible components are completely combusted and simultaneously reduce NO greatly through the staged combustion of the combustion chamber and the smoke reburning chamberxAnd dioxin substances are discharged, and meanwhile, the system has high heat utilization rate, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety and environmental protection.
In addition, the system for processing domestic garbage according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, on the housing, a plurality of the pyrolysis gas burners is arranged in a number ratio of 1: 2: 4 are set.
In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners are arranged on the housing in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the second rotary feeder.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of the first oxidant gas inlets are disposed on the outer shell in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the pyrolysis gas burners.
In some embodiments of the invention, the combustion chamber further comprises: the combustion-supporting gas pressure detection device comprises a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas branch pipes, a first combustion-supporting gas inlet, a first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection piece and a first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection valve, wherein one end of each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe is connected with one first combustion-supporting gas inlet; the first combustion-supporting gas main pipe is connected with the other end of the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe; the first combustion-supporting air blower is connected with the first combustion-supporting air main pipe; and the first combustion-supporting gas source is connected with the first combustion-supporting gas fan.
In some embodiments of the invention, a heat tracing is provided on the conduit connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis gas burner.
In some embodiments of the invention, a vibrating element is provided on the conduit connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis gas burner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the post heat exchange medium outlet is connected to the heat trace.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second combustion supporting gas inlet is connected to the second combustion supporting gas source by a second combustion supporting gas blower.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the exhaust gas outlet is provided with an exhaust gas temperature-pressure detecting element.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a pyrolysis temperature-pressure detection element.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis gas temperature-pressure detection part is arranged on the pipeline.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion temperature-pressure detecting member.
In some embodiments of the invention, a flue gas reburning device temperature-pressure detection member is arranged on the upper part of the flue gas reburning device above the clapboard.
In some embodiments of the invention, the post-reburning flue gas outlet is provided with a post-reburning flue gas temperature-pressure-burning efficiency detection piece.
In still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for treating domestic garbage using the above system for treating domestic garbage, which comprises, according to an embodiment of the present invention:
the household garbage is sent to the drying device to be subjected to heat exchange and drying with the flue gas, so that dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained;
in the combustion chamber of the pyrolysis device, pyrolysis gas and first combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat to obtain combusted flue gas and first combusted ash, the dried domestic garbage is conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis carbon and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to the combustion chamber;
and in the reburning chamber of the flue gas reburning device, fuel and second combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat, the combusted flue gas is further combusted in the reburning chamber, the temperature of the combustion-supporting gas is reduced and separated by the separation chamber to obtain the reburned flue gas and second combusted ash, and the reburned flue gas is sent to the drying device to be used as the flue gas.
According to the method for treating the household garbage, after the household garbage enters the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and the dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas export is close to the domestic waste entry, and the domestic waste export is close to the flue gas entry after the drying for domestic waste is dry more abundant, is favorable to reducing follow-up pyrolysis device's energy consumption, also can improve the thermal utilization ratio of flue gas simultaneously, avoids the flue gas directly to be discharged from the tail gas export. In the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged as a jacket, heat generated by the combustion chamber directly acts on the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is suitable for pyrolysis of dried domestic garbage, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is higher and higher along with the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas combustor is arranged on the shell along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece and the density is gradually increased; the dried domestic garbage is directly sent to the pyrolysis chamber and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece to be pyrolyzedUnder the action of indoor temperature gradient, the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber can be increased continuously; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning set up relatively in vertical direction after burning for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning all set up in the position that is close to the dry back domestic waste entry, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up here is small in quantity, and abundant composition that unburns discharges in the reducible back flue gas that burns. The obtained burned flue gas is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a combustor and second combustion-supporting gas of the reburning chamber, unburned and sufficient components in the burned flue gas are sufficiently combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxins; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state material and is sent to the separation of separator, ash content and the separation of flue gas after the reburning after the second burning under the effect of gravity, the two-way structure setting of chamber and separator again among the flue gas reburning device also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas simultaneously, make things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, furthermore, under the effect of heat transfer spare in the separator, can reduce the temperature of flue gas after the reburning, avoid getting into drying device's the flue gas temperature after the reburning too high, arouse the pyrolysis of domestic waste among the drying device. Therefore, the method realizes the recycling of the pyrolysis gas, and the combustible components can be ensured to be completely combusted and NO can be greatly reduced by the staged combustion of the combustion chamber and the smoke reburning chamberxAnd dioxin substances are discharged, and meanwhile, the system has high heat utilization rate, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety and environmental protection.
In addition, the method for treating domestic garbage according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the first combustion supporting gas has a distribution coefficient of 0.8 to 1, and the second combustion supporting gas has a distribution coefficient of 1.2 to 2.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the combustion chamber is 500-.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is 300-.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is 300-.
In some embodiments of the invention, the volume content of oxygen in the post-reburning flue gas is 6-8%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the post-reburning flue gas is 200-300 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fuel is selected from at least one of diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the reheat chamber is 850-.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the tail gas is 100-150 ℃.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating household garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a system for treating domestic waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing domestic garbage by using the domestic garbage processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description describes embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "above," and "over" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or that the first feature is merely at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly or obliquely under the first feature or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a system for treating domestic garbage, which includes, according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1: a drying device 100, a pyrolysis device 200, and a flue gas reburning device 300.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a first rotary feeding member (not shown) is arranged in the drying device 100, and the drying device 100 is provided with a household garbage inlet 101, a flue gas inlet 102, a dried household garbage outlet 103 and a tail gas outlet 104, the household garbage inlet 101 and the flue gas inlet 102 are respectively positioned at two ends of the drying device 100, the dried household garbage outlet 103 is positioned at the bottom of the drying device 100 and is close to the flue gas inlet 102, the tail gas outlet 104 is positioned at the top of the drying device 100 and is close to the household garbage inlet 101, one end of the first rotary feeding member is connected with the household garbage inlet 101, the other end of the first rotary feeding member is connected with the dried household garbage outlet 103, and the first rotary feeding member is suitable for exchanging heat between the household garbage and the flue gas so as to obtain the dried household garbage and the tail. The inventor finds that after entering the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas export is close to the domestic waste entry, and the domestic waste export is close to the flue gas entry after the drying for domestic waste is dry more abundant, is favorable to reducing follow-up pyrolysis device's energy consumption, also can improve the thermal utilization ratio of flue gas simultaneously, avoids the flue gas directly to be discharged from the tail gas export.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the specific type of the first rotary feeder is not particularly limited, and may be a rotary bed structure or an integral rotary structure, for example. Furthermore, the domestic garbage and the flue gas in the drying device can be subjected to direct contact heat exchange or indirect contact heat exchange. Further, referring to fig. 2, a drying device feeding screw 11 may be provided at the household garbage inlet 101 to control the feeding speed and the feeding amount. Further, referring to fig. 3, the exhaust outlet 104 may be connected to the exhaust fan 12, and referring to fig. 4, the exhaust outlet may further be provided with an exhaust temperature-pressure detecting element 13 to detect the outlet temperature and pressure of the exhaust. Further, the temperature of the tail gas is not less than 100 ℃, for example, it can be 100-. The inventor finds that if the temperature of the tail gas is less than 100 ℃, the drying effect of the domestic garbage in the drying device is obviously reduced, and if the temperature of the tail gas is too high, heat is wasted. Further, the specific temperature of the flue gas entering the drying device is not particularly limited, and may be 200 ℃ or 300 ℃. Therefore, the drying efficiency of the household garbage is improved, and a large amount of waste of heat can be avoided.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pyrolysis apparatus 200 has a pyrolysis chamber 210 and a combustion chamber 220. The pyrolysis chamber 210 is internally provided with a second rotary feeding member (not shown), and the pyrolysis chamber has a dried domestic garbage inlet 211, a pyrolysis carbon outlet 212 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 213, the dried domestic garbage inlet 211 and the pyrolysis carbon outlet 212 are respectively positioned at two ends of the pyrolysis chamber 210, the pyrolysis gas outlet 213 and the pyrolysis carbon outlet 212 are positioned at the same end of the pyrolysis chamber 210, the dried domestic garbage inlet 211 is connected with the dried domestic garbage outlet 103, one end of the second rotary feeding member is connected with the dried domestic garbage inlet 211, the other end of the second rotary feeding member is connected with the pyrolysis carbon outlet 212, and the second rotary feeding member is suitable for pyrolyzing the dried domestic garbage so as to obtain pyrolysis carbon and pyrolysis gas. Form combustion chamber 220 between the outer wall of shell 21 and pyrolysis chamber 210, be equipped with a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners 22 on the shell 21, feeding direction along the second rotatory feeding member, pyrolysis gas burners 22's the density of arranging increases gradually, and a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners 22 link to each other with pyrolysis gas outlet 213 through pipeline 23, be equipped with a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas inlets 221 on the shell 21 simultaneously, combustion chamber 220 top has post-combustion exhanst gas outlet 222, the bottom has first post-combustion ash export 223, post-combustion exhanst gas outlet 222 is close to dry back domestic waste entry 211, first post-combustion ash export 223 and post-combustion exhanst gas outlet 222 set up relatively on vertical direction, and be suitable for the effect with pyrolysis gas at first combustion-supporting gas down burning, so that obtain post-combustion flue gas and first post-combustion ash. The inventor finds that in the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in a jacket, heat generated by the combustion chamber directly acts on the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is suitable for pyrolysis of dried domestic garbage, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is higher and higher along with the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas burner is arranged on the shell and the density is gradually increased along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece; the dried domestic garbage is directly conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber, and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece, so that the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is continuously increased under the action of the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning set up relatively in vertical direction after burning for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning all set up in the position that is close to dry back domestic waste entry, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up here is small in quantity, when satisfying the required heat of pyrolysis chamber, still can reduce the abundant composition of unburnt in the back flue gas of burning.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the dried domestic waste inlet 211 may be connected to the dried domestic waste outlet 103 through a pyrolysis device feeding screw 24 to achieve automatic feeding and control the feeding rate and feeding amount in the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis device, referring to fig. 6, a pyrolysis device discharging screw 25 may also be provided at the pyrolysis carbon outlet to discharge the pyrolysis carbon obtained in the pyrolysis chamber out of the pyrolysis chamber in time, so as to further ensure the smooth process. Further, in order to convey the dried domestic waste from the dried domestic waste inlet to the pyrolytic carbon outlet, the pyrolytic carbon is pyrolyzedThe chamber 210 itself may be in an overall rotatable shape, that is, the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber may be rotatable, or the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber may be fixed, and a second rotary feeding member (not shown) is disposed inside the pyrolysis chamber. Further, referring to fig. 7, a pyrolysis temperature-pressure detecting element 214 may be disposed in the pyrolysis chamber 210 to detect the temperature and pressure in the pyrolysis chamber, so as to facilitate corresponding adjustment and control by an operator. Further, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber may be 300-500 ℃. The inventor finds that the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is too low, the domestic garbage is not pyrolyzed completely, and the aim of harmless disposal cannot be achieved; the pyrolysis chamber is too high in temperature, the amount of heat required to be provided by the combustion chamber is high, the auxiliary combustion fuel is increased, the operation cost is correspondingly high, and the higher operation temperature has higher requirements on equipment manufacture. Further, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas may be 300-400 ℃. The obtained pyrolysis gas is directly sent to a pyrolysis gas combustor of the combustion chamber through a pipeline for combustion, and in order to further avoid the phenomenon that substances in the pyrolysis gas adhere to the inner wall of the pipeline and further block the pipeline due to temperature reduction in the transportation process of the pyrolysis gas, referring to fig. 8, a heat tracing piece 231 can be arranged on the pipeline 23, so that the pyrolysis gas can be kept at a high temperature even on the pipeline. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the dust entrained in the pyrolysis gas from being retained on the pipeline, referring to fig. 9, a vibration member 232 may be provided on the pipeline 23 to further reduce the risk of pipeline blockage. Further, referring to fig. 10, a pyrolysis gas temperature-pressure detecting element 233 may be disposed on the pipeline 23 to detect the temperature and pressure of the pyrolysis gas in the pipeline, so as to facilitate corresponding adjustment and control by an operator. One end of the pipe is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 213 of the pyrolysis chamber 210, and the other end is connected to the pyrolysis gas burner 22 on the housing 21 of the combustion chamber 220. It should be noted that the specific arrangement of the pyrolysis gas burners 22 on the housing 21 is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the arrangement according to actual needs, for example, a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners 22 can be arranged along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeder according to the number ratio of 1: 2: 4, the number of the pyrolysis gas burners close to the inlet of the dried domestic garbage is the least, the number of the pyrolysis gas burners close to the outlet of the pyrolytic carbon is the most, and the pyrolysis gas burners are arranged according to the proportion, namely the number of the pyrolysis gas burners at the later sectionFor 2 times of preceding section, not only can be so that the temperature of combustion chamber and pyrolysis chamber is the gradient and distributes, moreover under the temperature gradient of this pyrolysis chamber, can be so that the pyrolysis rate of domestic waste after the drying is bigger and bigger, show the pyrolysis efficiency that improves domestic waste after the drying, and then make the interior production volume of pyrolysis gas of pyrolysis chamber also be the gradient and distribute to it is most in the region that is close to the pyrolysis charcoal export, in order to make things convenient for the collection and the output of pyrolysis gas. Further, on the housing 21, a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners 22 may be arranged in parallel to the feeding direction of the second rotary feeder. Therefore, the temperature gradient in the combustion chamber and the pyrolysis chamber can be further embodied, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber can be more suitable for pyrolysis. Further, the first oxidant gas inlet 221 on the outer shell 21 may be disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of pyrolysis gas burners 22. Therefore, the combustion efficiency of the pyrolysis gas combustor can be improved, the combustion efficiency of the first combustion-supporting gas is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the first combustion-supporting gas is improved. Further, referring to fig. 11, in order to better provide the first combustion-supporting gas to the combustion chamber, a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas branch pipes 26, a first combustion-supporting gas main pipe 27, a first combustion-supporting gas blower 28 and a first combustion-supporting gas source may be disposed outside the combustion chamber 220. Specifically, one end of each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe 26 is connected to one first combustion-supporting gas inlet 221, and is suitable for providing a first combustion-supporting gas for the combustion chamber through each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe, further, referring to fig. 12, each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe 26 is provided with a first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection piece 261 and a valve 262, the pressure of the first combustion-supporting gas passing through the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe can be detected through the first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection piece, and the amount of the first combustion-supporting gas entering the combustion chamber from the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe can be controlled through the valve, so as to control the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber. Further, the first oxidant gas pressure detecting element 261 may be connected to a valve 262 (not shown), so that the opening of the valve may be adjusted according to a relationship between a value of the first oxidant gas pressure detecting element and a desired value, thereby implementing an automatic control. Further, the other end of the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe 26 is connected to the first combustion-supporting gas main pipe 27, that is, one first combustion-supporting gas main pipe 27 is connected to the plurality of first combustion-supporting gas branch pipes 26 and is adapted to pass through the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipesThe gas main pipe provides first combustion-supporting gas for each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe. Furthermore, the first combustion-supporting gas main pipe can be vertically connected with the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe. The first combustion-supporting gas blower 28 is connected to the first combustion-supporting gas manifold to provide the first combustion-supporting gas to the first combustion-supporting gas manifold through the first combustion-supporting gas blower. Further, a first combustion air blower 28 is connected to the first combustion air source. It should be noted that the air distribution coefficient of the first combustion-supporting gas is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can select the air distribution coefficient according to actual needs, for example, the air distribution coefficient may be 0.8-1.0, and it should be noted that the air distribution coefficient refers to a ratio of actually used combustion-supporting air to theoretically required combustion-supporting air for sufficient combustion of fuel. Specifically, the first oxidant gas may be air. The inventor finds that the air distribution coefficient of the first combustion-supporting gas is lower than 0.8, and the combustion reaction is incomplete; the air distribution coefficient is higher than 1, and NO is easily generated by combustion reactionxAnd the like. Further, referring to fig. 13, a combustion temperature-pressure detecting member 29 may be provided in the combustion chamber to detect the temperature and pressure of the combustion chamber in real time, thereby facilitating control of the temperature and pressure of the combustion chamber. Further, the temperature of the combustion chamber is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 500-. The inventor finds that the pyrolysis of the domestic garbage is incomplete due to the fact that the temperature of the combustion chamber is too low, and the aim of harmless disposal cannot be achieved; the temperature of the combustion chamber is too high, auxiliary combustion fuel is increased, the operation cost is correspondingly increased, and the higher operation temperature has higher requirements on equipment manufacture.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a partition plate 31 vertically extending upwards from the bottom is arranged in the flue gas reburning device 300, the partition plate 31 divides the flue gas reburning device 300 into a reburning chamber 310 and a separation chamber 320 communicated with each other from the top, the bottom of the reburning chamber 310 is provided with a burnt flue gas inlet 311, the side wall is provided with a burner 32 and a second combustion-supporting gas inlet 312, in the height direction, the burner 32 is lower than the partition plate 31, the burnt flue gas inlet 311 is connected with a burnt flue gas outlet 222, the bottom of the separation chamber 320 is provided with a second burnt ash outlet 321, the second burnt ash outlet 321 is close to the partition plate 31, the end far away from the partition plate 31 is provided with a reburning flue gas outlet 322, the reburning flue gas outlet 322 is connected with the flue gas inlet 102, the separation chamber 320,the heat exchange member 35 has a heat exchange medium inlet 351 and a heat exchange medium outlet 352, and is adapted to combust the combusted flue gas under the action of the fuel and the second combustion-supporting gas in the combustor, and to cool and separate the combusted flue gas by the separation chamber, so as to obtain the re-combusted flue gas and the second combustion-supporting ash, and to send the re-combusted flue gas to the drying device to be used as a heat source. The inventor finds that the obtained flue gas after combustion is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a burner of the reburning chamber and second combustion-supporting gas, the unburned components in the flue gas after combustion are fully combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxin substances, wherein the second combustion-supporting gas can provide sufficient oxygen and form turbulent flow, so that the complete combustion of the flue gas after combustion is ensured; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state material and is sent to the separation of separator, ash content and the separation of flue gas after the reburning after the second burning under the effect of gravity, the two-way structure setting of chamber and separator again among the flue gas reburning device also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas simultaneously, make things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, furthermore, under the effect of heat transfer spare in the separator, can reduce the temperature of flue gas after the reburning, avoid getting into drying device's the flue gas temperature after the reburning too high, arouse the pyrolysis of domestic waste among the drying device.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the burners 32 in the reburning chamber 310 is not particularly limited, and may be selected by one skilled in the art according to actual needs, such as multiple burners 32, specifically, 2 burners, and further, multiple burners 32 may be arranged along the height direction. And the second combustion-supporting gas inlet 312 may be connected to a second combustion-supporting gas source (not shown) via a second combustion-supporting gas blower 33 to better provide a second combustion-supporting gas for reburning. It should be noted that the specific type of fuel used in the combustor is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the fuel according to actual needs, such as at least one selected from diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. The air distribution coefficient of the second combustion-supporting gas can be 1.2-2, the air distribution coefficient of the second combustion-supporting gas is higher than that of the first combustion-supporting gas, and it needs to be noted that the air distribution coefficient refers to that the actually used combustion-supporting air and theoretically fuel are fully combustedThe ratio of the combustion-supporting air. The inventor finds that the first combustion-supporting gas provides an anoxic combustion environment, the second combustion-supporting gas provides an oxygen-rich combustion environment, staged combustion is formed, and NO is controlled from the sourcexAnd the generation of pollutants such as dioxin. Further, the temperature of the reburning chamber is not particularly limited, and may be 850 ℃ and 950 ℃. The inventor finds that substances such as dioxin can be completely decomposed at the temperature of more than 850 ℃, energy waste can be caused by overhigh temperature, the manufacturing cost of equipment is high, difficulty is brought to subsequent heat recovery, if the overtemperature of the flue gas after reburning enters a drying device, the drying process is influenced, and household garbage in the drying device is pyrolyzed at high temperature. Further, the temperature of the smoke after reburning is 200-300 ℃, and the volume content of oxygen in the smoke after reburning is 6-8%. The inventor finds that the oxygen content in the flue gas after reburning is lower than 6 percent, which indicates that oxygen supply is insufficient during burning, the fuel is not completely burnt, and reducing gases CO and CH4Then, generating; the oxygen content in the smoke after reburning is higher than 8 percent, which indicates that the oxygen supply is too high during burning, the second combustion-supporting gas is too much, which causes large energy consumption and resource waste, and also increases the treatment load for the subsequent tail gas device. Further, the distance between the top of the partition 31 and the top of the flue gas reburning device 300 is not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs. Further, referring to FIG. 14, a flue gas reburning apparatus temperature-pressure sensing member 34 may be provided above the flue gas reburning apparatus 300 above the partition 31 to sense the temperature and pressure of the material flowing from the reburning chamber to the separation chamber. Further, the heat-exchanged medium outlet 352 may be connected to the heat tracing member 231 (not shown), and is adapted to use the heat-exchanged medium in the heat tracing member in the pipeline to provide heat for the pipeline, and provide a heat-insulating heat source for the pyrolysis gas, so as to ensure that the pyrolysis gas is not condensed and the pipeline is unblocked. Further, referring to fig. 15, a post-reburning flue gas temperature-pressure-combustion efficiency detecting part 36 may be provided at the post-reburning flue gas outlet 322 to detect the temperature, pressure and combustion efficiency of the post-reburning flue gas discharged from the post-reburning flue gas outlet. Specifically, the post-reburning flue gas temperature-pressure-combustion efficiency detection part can detect the temperature and the pressure of the post-reburning flue gas and can also detect the combustion efficiency in the reburning chamber at the same time, and the detection is realized through the factTime monitoring of O in flue gas2、CO、CO2And is set to O2The normal value of the content is 6-8%, the frequency of the first combustion-supporting air blower and/or the second combustion-supporting air blower can be increased when the content is lower than 6%, the air distribution is increased, and the frequency of the first combustion-supporting air blower and/or the second combustion-supporting air blower can be reduced when the content is higher than 8%, so that the air distribution is reduced. By measuring O in flue gas2CO and CO2The volume concentration of the gas can be calculated to obtain the combustion efficiency, namely the ratio of the heat actually released after the fuel is combusted to the heat released after the fuel is completely combusted, and the combustion efficiency can be controlled and can reach the optimal value by adjusting the combustion efficiency, namely controlling the fuel consumption and the combustion assisting gas quantity.
Furthermore, the system can realize a programmable control mode, which comprises three modes of furnace starting, normal operation and failure:
a furnace starting mode:
the first combustion-supporting air fan 28, the pyrolysis gas burner 22, the valve 262, the burner 32, the second combustion-supporting air fan 33 and the tail gas fan 12 are started, fuel is input into the pyrolysis gas burner 22 and the burner 32, the fuel is combusted to provide heat for the combustion chamber 220, the pyrolysis chamber 210 and the reburning chamber 310, when the temperature displayed by the pyrolysis temperature-pressure detection piece 214 is higher than 400 ℃, the temperature displayed by the combustion temperature-pressure detection piece 29 is higher than 500 ℃, and the temperature displayed by the flue gas reburning device temperature-pressure detection piece 34 is higher than 850 ℃, the feeding of the drying device feeding screw 11 is started, and the furnace starting process is completed.
And (3) a normal operation mode:
and starting the drying device feeding screw 11, the pyrolysis device feeding screw 24, the drying device 100, the pyrolysis chamber 210 and the pyrolysis device discharging screw 25, wherein the operation frequency modulation of the devices is in a direct proportion relation, namely when the operation frequency of the drying device feeding screw 11 is increased, the operation frequency of the subsequent 4 devices is correspondingly increased, and vice versa. Under the normal operation state, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 210 is 500-. The pressures in the combustion chamber, the flue gas reburning device and the drying device are all negative pressures, and the negative pressures are gradually increased. When the temperature of the combustion chamber and the pyrolysis chamber is ultrahigh, the pyrolysis gas yield is high, the heat productivity is large, the operation frequency of the feeding screw 11 of the drying device needs to be reduced, and the operation frequencies of the feeding screw 24, the drying device 100, the pyrolysis chamber 210 and the discharging screw 25 of the pyrolysis device of the subsequent 4 devices are synchronously reduced, otherwise, the operation frequencies are the same. In the normal operation mode, the burner 32 and the second combustion-supporting air blower 33 are in the off state, but when the temperature of the reburning chamber 310 is lower than 850 ℃, the burner 32 and the second combustion-supporting air blower 33 are started to supplement heat for the reburning chamber. When the oxygen content in the flue gas after reburning is lower than 6%, the operating frequency of the first combustion-supporting air blower 28 is increased to supplement sufficient oxygen for the combustion of the pyrolysis gas.
Failure mode:
when any one of the drying device feeding screw 11, the pyrolysis device feeding screw 24, the drying device 100, the pyrolysis chamber 210 and the pyrolysis device discharging screw 25 fails, the furnace is shut down for maintenance. And in the blowing-out process, the first combustion-supporting air blower 28 is started to ensure that the system is quickly cooled, and meanwhile, the tail gas blower 12 is started to ensure that harmful gas in the system is timely discharged.
According to the system for treating the household garbage, after the household garbage enters the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas export is close to the domestic waste entry, and the domestic waste export is close to the flue gas entry after the drying for domestic waste is dry more abundant, is favorable to reducing follow-up pyrolysis device's energy consumption, also can improve the thermal utilization ratio of flue gas simultaneously, avoids the flue gas directly to be discharged from the tail gas export. Among the pyrolysis device, pyrolysis chamber and combustion chamber are pressed from both sides the cover setting, and the heat direct action that the combustion chamber produced is on the outer wall of pyrolysis chamber for the suitable dry pyrolysis of back domestic waste of temperature in the pyrolysis chamber, and arrange the density and increase gradually because of pyrolysis gas combustor along the pay-off direction of second rotatory pay-off piece on the shell, make the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber also along with the pay-off direction of second rotatory pay-off piece come moreThe higher; the dried domestic garbage is directly conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber, and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece, so that the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is continuously increased under the action of the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning set up relatively in vertical direction after burning for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning all set up in the position that is close to the dry back domestic waste entry, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up here is small in quantity, and abundant composition that unburns discharges in the reducible back flue gas that burns. The obtained burned flue gas is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a combustor and second combustion-supporting gas of the reburning chamber, unburned and sufficient components in the burned flue gas are sufficiently combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxins; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state material and is sent to the separation of separator, ash content and the separation of flue gas after the reburning after the second burning under the effect of gravity, the two-way structure setting of chamber and separator again among the flue gas reburning device also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas simultaneously, make things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, furthermore, under the effect of heat transfer spare in the separator, can reduce the temperature of flue gas after the reburning, avoid getting into drying device's the flue gas temperature after the reburning too high, arouse the pyrolysis of domestic waste among the drying device. Therefore, the system realizes the recycling of the pyrolysis gas, and can ensure that combustible components are completely combusted and simultaneously reduce NO greatly through the staged combustion of the combustion chamber and the smoke reburning chamberxAnd the discharge of dioxin substances, high system heat utilization rate, high efficiency, energy conservation and safetyIs environment-friendly.
In a further aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for processing domestic garbage by using the above system for processing domestic garbage, which, according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to fig. 16, comprises:
s100: the household garbage is sent to a drying device to be dried by heat exchange with the flue gas
In the step, the domestic garbage is sent to a drying device to be subjected to heat exchange and drying with the flue gas, so that dried domestic garbage and tail gas can be obtained. The inventor finds that after entering the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas export is close to the domestic waste entry, and the domestic waste export is close to the flue gas entry after the drying for domestic waste is dry more abundant, is favorable to reducing follow-up pyrolysis device's energy consumption, also can improve the thermal utilization ratio of flue gas simultaneously, avoids the flue gas directly to be discharged from the tail gas export.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the tail gas is not less than 100 ℃, such as 100-. The inventor finds that if the temperature of the tail gas is less than 100 ℃, the drying effect of the domestic garbage in the drying device is obviously reduced, and if the temperature of the tail gas is too high, heat is wasted. Further, the specific temperature of the flue gas entering the drying device is not particularly limited, and may be 200 ℃ or 300 ℃. Therefore, the drying efficiency of the household garbage is improved, and a large amount of waste of heat can be avoided.
S200: in the combustion chamber of the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis gas and the first combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat, the dried domestic garbage is conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to the combustion chamber
In the step, in a combustion chamber of the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis gas and the first combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat to obtain combusted flue gas and first combusted ash, the dried domestic garbage is conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis carbon and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to the combustion chamber. The inventor finds that in the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in a jacket, heat generated by the combustion chamber directly acts on the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is suitable for pyrolysis of dried domestic garbage, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is higher and higher along with the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas burner is arranged on the shell and the density is gradually increased along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece; the dried domestic garbage is directly conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber, and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece, so that the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is continuously increased under the action of the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning set up relatively in vertical direction after burning for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning all set up in the position that is close to dry back domestic waste entry, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up here is small in quantity, when satisfying the required heat of pyrolysis chamber, still can reduce the abundant composition of unburnt in the back flue gas of burning.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber may be 300-. The inventor finds that the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is too low, the domestic garbage is not pyrolyzed completely, and the aim of harmless disposal cannot be achieved; the pyrolysis chamber is too high in temperature, the amount of heat required to be provided by the combustion chamber is high, the auxiliary combustion fuel is increased, the operation cost is correspondingly high, and the higher operation temperature has higher requirements on equipment manufacture. Further, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas may be 300-400 ℃. It should be noted that the air distribution coefficient of the first combustion-supporting gas is not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, for example, it can be 0.8-1.0, and it should be noted that the air distribution coefficient refers to actually used combustion-supporting air and theoretical fuelThe ratio of combustion-supporting air required by full combustion. Specifically, the first oxidant gas may be air. The inventor finds that the air distribution coefficient of the first combustion-supporting gas is lower than 0.8, and the combustion reaction is incomplete; the air distribution coefficient is higher than 1, and NO is easily generated by combustion reactionxAnd the like. Further, the temperature of the combustion chamber is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 500-. The inventor finds that the pyrolysis of the domestic garbage is incomplete due to the fact that the temperature of the combustion chamber is too low, and the aim of harmless disposal cannot be achieved; the temperature of the combustion chamber is too high, auxiliary combustion fuel is increased, the operation cost is correspondingly increased, and the higher operation temperature has higher requirements on equipment manufacture.
S300: in the reburning chamber of the smoke reburning device, the fuel and the second combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat, the combusted smoke is further combusted in the reburning chamber and is cooled and separated by the separating chamber, and the reburned smoke is sent to the drying device to be used as smoke
In the step, fuel and second combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat in a reburning chamber of the flue gas reburning device, the combusted flue gas is further combusted in the reburning chamber, the temperature of the reburning flue gas and the ash content of the second combusted flue gas are obtained through cooling and separation in a separation chamber, and the reburning flue gas is sent to a drying device to be used as the flue gas. The inventor finds that the obtained flue gas after combustion is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a burner of the reburning chamber and second combustion-supporting gas, the unburned components in the flue gas after combustion are fully combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxin substances, wherein the second combustion-supporting gas can provide sufficient oxygen and form turbulent flow, so that the complete combustion of the flue gas after combustion is ensured; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state material and is sent to the separation of separator, ash content and the separation of flue gas after the reburning after the second burning under the effect of gravity, the two-way structure setting of chamber and separator again among the flue gas reburning device also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas simultaneously, make things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, furthermore, under the effect of heat transfer spare in the separator, can reduce the temperature of flue gas after the reburning, avoid getting into drying device's the flue gas temperature after the reburning too high, arouse the pyrolysis of domestic waste among the drying device.
According toIn one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the reburning chamber is also not particularly limited, and may be 850-. The inventor finds that substances such as dioxin can be completely decomposed at the temperature of more than 850 ℃, energy waste can be caused by overhigh temperature, the manufacturing cost of equipment is high, difficulty is brought to subsequent heat recovery, if the overtemperature of the flue gas after reburning enters a drying device, the drying process is influenced, and household garbage in the drying device is pyrolyzed at high temperature. Further, the temperature of the smoke after reburning is 200-300 ℃, and the volume content of oxygen in the smoke after reburning is 6-8%. The inventor finds that the oxygen content in the flue gas after reburning is lower than 6 percent, which indicates that oxygen supply is insufficient during burning, the fuel is not completely burnt, and reducing gases CO and CH4Then, generating; the oxygen content in the smoke after reburning is higher than 8 percent, which indicates that the oxygen supply is too high during burning, the second combustion-supporting gas is too much, which causes large energy consumption and resource waste, and also increases the treatment load for the subsequent tail gas device. It should be noted that the specific type of fuel used in the combustor is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the fuel according to actual needs, such as at least one selected from diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas. The air distribution coefficient of the second combustion-supporting gas can be 1.2-2, the air distribution coefficient of the second combustion-supporting gas is higher than that of the first combustion-supporting gas, and it needs to be noted that the air distribution coefficient refers to the ratio of actually used combustion-supporting air to theoretically required combustion-supporting air for full combustion of fuel. The inventor finds that the first combustion-supporting gas provides an anoxic combustion environment, the second combustion-supporting gas provides an oxygen-rich combustion environment, staged combustion is formed, and NO is controlled from the sourcexAnd the generation of pollutants such as dioxin. Furthermore, the medium after heat exchange in the separation chamber can be used for providing a heat-insulating heat source for the pyrolysis gas, so that the pyrolysis gas is prevented from being condensed and the pipeline is smooth.
According to the method for treating the household garbage, after the household garbage enters the drying device, the household garbage moves along with the first rotary feeding piece and is dried under the action of heat of smoke, and the dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained; the tail gas outlet is close to the domestic garbage inlet, and the dried domestic garbage outlet is close to the flue gas inlet, so that the domestic garbage is sufficiently dried, the energy consumption of a subsequent pyrolysis device is reduced, and the pair can be improvedThe utilization rate of the heat of the flue gas avoids the direct discharge of the flue gas from the tail gas outlet. In the pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged as a jacket, heat generated by the combustion chamber directly acts on the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is suitable for pyrolysis of dried domestic garbage, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is higher and higher along with the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece due to the fact that the pyrolysis gas combustor is arranged on the shell along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece and the density is gradually increased; the dried domestic garbage is directly conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber, and moves along with the second rotary feeding piece, so that the pyrolysis speed of the dried domestic garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is continuously increased under the action of the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber and are connected with the pyrolysis gas burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, so that pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis can be discharged out of the pyrolysis chamber in time and directly sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, the heat of the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized, the heat utilization rate of the system is improved, the phenomenon that part of substances in the pyrolysis gas are condensed into liquid state to block the pipeline due to heat dissipation of the pyrolysis gas can be avoided, and the continuous operation of the system is ensured; further, in the combustion chamber, the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning set up relatively in vertical direction after burning for can realize the separation of combustion products under the effect of gravity, and because of the export of the back exhanst gas and the export of the ash content after first burning all set up in the position that is close to the dry back domestic waste entry, the pyrolysis gas combustor that sets up here is small in quantity, and abundant composition that unburns discharges in the reducible back flue gas that burns. The obtained burned flue gas is sent to a reburning chamber of a flue gas reburning device, and under the action of a combustor and second combustion-supporting gas of the reburning chamber, unburned and sufficient components in the burned flue gas are sufficiently combusted, so that NO is greatly reducedxAnd the emission of dioxins; after the burning is abundant, the gaseous state is mingled with solid state matter and is sent to the separation of separator, and the ash content after the second burning separates with the flue gas after the reburning under the effect of gravity, and the setting of the two-way structure of reburning room and separator also is favorable to prolonging the dwell time of flue gas among the flue gas reburning device simultaneously, makes things convenient for the settlement separation of particulate matter in the flue gas, and is further, being dividedUnder the effect of the indoor heat exchange piece, the temperature of the smoke after reburning can be reduced, and the situation that the temperature of the smoke after reburning entering the drying device is too high to cause the pyrolysis of the household garbage in the drying device is avoided. Therefore, the method realizes the recycling of the pyrolysis gas, and the combustible components can be ensured to be completely combusted and NO can be greatly reduced by the staged combustion of the combustion chamber and the smoke reburning chamberxAnd dioxin substances are discharged, and meanwhile, the system has high heat utilization rate, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety and environmental protection.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A system for treating household waste, comprising:
the drying device is internally provided with a first rotary feeding piece and is provided with a household garbage inlet, a smoke inlet, a dried household garbage outlet and a tail gas outlet, the household garbage inlet and the smoke inlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the drying device, the dried household garbage outlet is positioned at the bottom of the drying device and is close to the smoke inlet, the tail gas outlet is positioned at the top of the drying device and is close to the household garbage inlet, one end of the first rotary feeding piece is connected with the household garbage inlet, and the other end of the first rotary feeding piece is connected with the dried household garbage outlet;
a pyrolysis apparatus having:
the pyrolysis chamber is internally provided with a second rotary feeding piece and is provided with a dried household garbage inlet, a pyrolysis carbon outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, the dried household garbage inlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are respectively positioned at two end parts of the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis carbon outlet are positioned at the same end part of the pyrolysis chamber, the dried household garbage inlet is connected with the dried household garbage outlet, one end of the second rotary feeding piece is connected with the dried household garbage inlet, and the other end of the second rotary feeding piece is connected with the pyrolysis carbon outlet;
a combustion chamber is formed between the outer shell and the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber, a plurality of pyrolysis gas burners are arranged on the outer shell, the arrangement density of the pyrolysis gas burners is gradually increased along the feeding direction of the second rotary feeding piece, the pyrolysis gas burners are connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet through pipelines, meanwhile, a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas inlets are formed in the outer shell, a combusted flue gas outlet is formed in the top of the combustion chamber, a first combusted ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the combustion chamber, the combusted flue gas outlet is close to the dried household garbage inlet, and the first combusted ash outlet and the combusted flue gas outlet are arranged in a vertical direction in a relative mode;
the smoke reburning device is internally provided with a clapboard which vertically extends upwards from the bottom and separates the smoke reburning device from a reburning chamber and a separating chamber which are communicated with each other at the top,
the bottom of the reburning chamber is provided with a burnt flue gas inlet, the side wall of the reburning chamber is provided with a burner and a second combustion-supporting gas inlet, the burner is lower than the partition plate in the height direction, and the burnt flue gas inlet is connected with the burnt flue gas outlet;
the bottom of the separation chamber is provided with a second burnt ash outlet which is close to the partition plate, the end part far away from the partition plate is provided with a reburning flue gas outlet, the reburning flue gas outlet is connected with the flue gas inlet, the separation chamber is internally provided with a heat exchange piece, and the heat exchange piece is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet.
2. The system for treating household garbage according to claim 1, wherein on the housing, a plurality of the pyrolysis gas burners are arranged in a number ratio of 1: 2: 4, setting;
optionally, a plurality of said pyrolysis gas burners are arranged on said housing in a direction parallel to the feed direction of said second rotary feeder;
optionally, on the outer shell, a plurality of the first combustion-supporting gas inlets and a plurality of the pyrolysis gas burners are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
3. The system for disposing of household garbage according to claim 2, wherein the combustion chamber further comprises:
the combustion-supporting gas pressure detection device comprises a plurality of first combustion-supporting gas branch pipes, a first combustion-supporting gas inlet, a first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection piece and a first combustion-supporting gas pressure detection valve, wherein one end of each first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe is connected with one first combustion-supporting gas inlet;
the first combustion-supporting gas main pipe is connected with the other end of the first combustion-supporting gas branch pipe;
the first combustion-supporting air blower is connected with the first combustion-supporting air main pipe;
and the first combustion-supporting gas source is connected with the first combustion-supporting gas fan.
4. The system for treating household garbage according to claim 1, wherein a heat tracing member is provided on the pipe connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis gas burner;
optionally, a vibrating piece is arranged on the pipeline connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet and the pyrolysis gas burner;
optionally, the heat-exchanged medium outlet is connected with the heat tracing piece.
5. The system for treating household waste according to claim 1, wherein the second combustion-supporting gas inlet is connected to the second combustion-supporting gas source through a second combustion-supporting gas blower;
optionally, a tail gas temperature-pressure detection piece is arranged on the tail gas outlet;
optionally, the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a pyrolysis temperature-pressure detection part;
optionally, a pyrolysis gas temperature-pressure detection part is arranged on the pipeline;
optionally, the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion temperature-pressure detecting member;
optionally, a temperature-pressure detection piece of the flue gas reburning device is arranged at the upper part of the flue gas reburning device above the clapboard;
optionally, the outlet of the flue gas after reburning is provided with a detection piece for temperature-pressure-combustion efficiency of the flue gas after reburning.
6. A method for processing household garbage by using the system of any one of claims 1-5, comprising:
the household garbage is sent to the drying device to be subjected to heat exchange and drying with the flue gas, so that dried household garbage and tail gas are obtained;
in the combustion chamber of the pyrolysis device, pyrolysis gas and first combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat to obtain combusted flue gas and first combusted ash, the dried domestic garbage is conveyed to the pyrolysis chamber of the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis carbon and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to the combustion chamber;
and in the reburning chamber of the flue gas reburning device, fuel and second combustion-supporting gas are combusted to supply heat, the combusted flue gas is further combusted in the reburning chamber, the temperature of the combustion-supporting gas is reduced and separated by the separation chamber to obtain the reburned flue gas and second combusted ash, and the reburned flue gas is sent to the drying device to be used as the flue gas.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first oxidant gas has an air distribution coefficient of 0.8 to 1 and the second oxidant gas has an air distribution coefficient of 1.2 to 2.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the temperature of the combustion chamber is 500-800 ℃;
optionally, the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is 300-500 ℃;
optionally, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is 300-400 ℃.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the volume content of oxygen in the post-reburning flue gas is 6-8%;
optionally, the temperature of the flue gas after reburning is 200-300 ℃;
optionally, the fuel is selected from at least one of diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas;
optionally, the temperature of the reheat chamber is 850-.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature of the tail gas is 100-150 ℃.
CN201911397463.5A 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 System and method for treating household garbage Pending CN110894948A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911397463.5A CN110894948A (en) 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 System and method for treating household garbage

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682800A (en) * 2020-12-27 2021-04-20 上海域德环保工程有限公司 Hazardous waste incineration and waste heat utilization device and process flow

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682800A (en) * 2020-12-27 2021-04-20 上海域德环保工程有限公司 Hazardous waste incineration and waste heat utilization device and process flow

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