CN110887534A - Rainstorm runoff experiment point location arrangement and detection system and method - Google Patents
Rainstorm runoff experiment point location arrangement and detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110887534A CN110887534A CN201911080390.7A CN201911080390A CN110887534A CN 110887534 A CN110887534 A CN 110887534A CN 201911080390 A CN201911080390 A CN 201911080390A CN 110887534 A CN110887534 A CN 110887534A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
- G01F1/005—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel using floats
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/22—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by variable-area meters, e.g. rotameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
- G01F23/64—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/02—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g. anemometer
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a system and a method for distributing and detecting storm runoff experiment point locations, which comprises the following steps: dividing the river point to be detected into a plurality of sections and laying a rainstorm runoff experimental point in each river section; measuring the water level movement and the flow velocity change of a rainstorm runoff experimental point at a fixed point; calculating the instant flow of the corresponding river section according to the river body structure of each storm runoff experimental point; the laying system comprises an anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile fixed at the bottom of a river, the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile is provided with a buoyancy mechanism for detecting the water level change of each river section and a flow rate conversion assembly for detecting the water flow speed, the inner end of the buoyancy mechanism is connected with the inner end of the flow rate conversion assembly, and the buoyancy mechanism drives the flow rate conversion assembly to synchronously move up and down so as to realize real-time monitoring of the water flow speed; according to the scheme, the height data of the buoy is filtered and cleared for preprocessing according to the displacement characteristic of the buoy, error data is eliminated, and the accuracy of water level measurement is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of storm runoff monitoring, in particular to a system and a method for distributing and detecting storm runoff experiment point locations.
Background
Storm often causes water and soil loss, serious water accumulation on the ground and the like, and storm runoff is also one of important ground pollution sources, particularly water pollution caused by the fact that dissolved or solid pollutants are converged into a receiving water body from unspecified places through the runoff process under the effects of rainfall leaching and runoff scouring. Along with point source pollution is gradually controlled, the harmfulness of non-point source pollution is gradually highlighted, and related departments invest a large amount of manpower and material resources to develop research on storm runoff pollution.
The original storm runoff pollution mainly means that the upstream water continuously contacts with different pollutants in the process of flowing to the downstream, and the polluted water and impurities are concentrated in the downstream water body, so that the surface pollution of downstream residential areas is caused.
In order to research water level data change, water flow speed change and instantaneous flow change of storm runoff and make preventive treatment for downstream residential areas and downstream surface runoff, an experimental point of the storm runoff is often set at a downstream river, but the existing layout and detection of the experimental point of the storm runoff have the following defects:
(1) the water level data change, the water flow speed change and the instantaneous flow change of a rainstorm runoff experimental point can only be detected manually at regular time, and real-time intelligent detection cannot be carried out, so that the labor intensity and personnel allocation are increased, the synchronous work of water level measurement and flow speed measurement cannot be realized, and a plurality of experimental equipment are required to be used for respectively measuring water level, flow speed and instantaneous flow data;
(2) because the runoff velocity of flow that the torrential rain produced is big, consequently when utilizing the cursory height of measuring the water level, because cursory fluctuation from top to bottom, it is difficult to learn the water degree of depth accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a rainstorm runoff experimental point location arrangement and detection system and method, which are characterized in that a rainstorm runoff experimental point is arranged at a position of a river with a larger relative flow speed, water level height measurement is taken as a core point, water flow speed is measured by a turbine rotor at the same time, the turbine rotor is ensured to move synchronously along with the ascending and descending of a water level, height data of a buoy is filtered and eliminated for preprocessing according to the displacement characteristic of the buoy, error data is eliminated, and the accuracy of water level measurement is improved, so that the problems that in the prior art, the water depth is difficult to accurately know due to the fluctuation of the buoy up and down, and the error of rainstorm runoff parameter measurement is large are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following: a rainstorm runoff experiment point location arrangement and detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, dividing a river point to be detected into a plurality of sections and laying a storm runoff experimental point in each river section;
step 200, measuring water level movement and flow rate change of a rainstorm runoff experimental point at a fixed point;
and step 300, calculating the instant flow of the corresponding river section according to the river body structure of each storm runoff experimental point.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 100, the manner of dividing the river to be detected and laying the storm runoff experimental points is specifically as follows:
measuring the width of the river to be detected, and arranging segmentation points for dividing the river to be detected into a plurality of river sections at the change position of the width of each river;
detecting a river bottom curve of a segmentation point, and determining a river body curve of a water passing section of the segmentation point;
and setting the rainstorm runoff experiment point at the position of each subsection point.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 200, the specific steps of measuring the water level movement at a fixed point are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of measuring the fixed height from a rainstorm runoff experimental point to the river bottom corresponding to the experimental point in advance, setting the up-down moving range of a floater, and determining the water level height according to the fixed height and the moving range of the floater;
measuring the height data of the floater in real time and carrying out difference elimination pretreatment on the height data;
and drawing a data distribution graph after arrangement and fitting a height trend line.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the operation of the difference elimination pretreatment is as follows:
extracting a group of original floater height data according to a time sequence;
sequentially comparing the sizes of two adjacent data in the original floater height data to find out an extreme value in a group of extracted data;
filtering and eliminating extreme values to obtain the height data of the row difference floaters, and drawing the height data of the row difference floaters in a chart according to a time sequence.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in step 200, a turbine is arranged at a storm runoff experimental point, water flow drives the turbine to rotate, so that the water flow speed is measured by the rotation speed of the turbine, and the correspondence relationship between the rotation speed of the turbine and the water flow speed is as follows:
Vwater (W)＝VQuiet+βVRotating shaftIn which V isQuietIn particular to the hydrostatic velocity, V, of the riverWater (W)In particular the water velocity, VRotating shaftIn particular the rotational speed of the turbine, β in particular the conversion factor between the water flow speed and the rotational speed.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, in step 300, the specific steps of calculating the instantaneous flow rate of each river section are:
301, determining river body width corresponding to a segmentation point of a river section and river depth change along with the change of the river body width according to a water passing section river body curve of the segmentation point position;
and 302, establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system related to the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height, and calculating the enclosed area of the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height by taking the lowest point of the river body curve of the water passing section as an origin to determine the instantaneous flow passing through each river section.
In addition, the invention also provides a rainstorm runoff experiment point location arrangement and detection system, which comprises an anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile fixed at the bottom of a river, wherein the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile is provided with a buoyancy mechanism for detecting the water level change of each river section and a flow rate conversion assembly for detecting the water flow speed, the inner end of the buoyancy mechanism is connected with the inner end of the flow rate conversion assembly, and the buoyancy mechanism drives the flow rate conversion assembly to synchronously move up and down so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the water flow speed;
the utility model discloses a well cavity of anticorrosive location stake, including anticorrosive location stake, buoyancy mechanism and velocity of flow conversion subassembly, anticorrosive location stake's inside from the top down is equipped with well cavity, and be equipped with two central line symmetric distribution about well cavity on anticorrosive location stake on the lateral wall and with the highly the same trompil that runs through of well cavity, buoyancy mechanism and velocity of flow conversion subassembly are installed respectively in two run through the trompil in.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the buoyancy mechanism includes a horizontal connecting rod inserted into the through hole, and a float connected to an outer end of the horizontal connecting rod and floating on the water surface, the flow rate conversion assembly includes a rotating rod inserted into another through hole, and a turbine rotor disposed at an outer end of the rotating rod, and a sealing rotating valve movably sleeved at an inner end of the horizontal connecting rod is disposed at an inner end of the rotating rod.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a floating plate is arranged in the hollow cavity, a smooth concave pad is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the floating plate, the sealing rotary valve can rotate around the smooth concave pad, a rotation speed sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the rotary rod is arranged in the sealing rotary valve, a laser range finder for detecting the height of the horizontal connecting rod is arranged at the top end of the anti-corrosion positioning upright pile, the laser range finder and the rotation speed sensor respectively transmit measurement data to a processor, and the input end of the processor receives the data of the laser range finder and the rotation speed sensor and performs calculation processing.
The river body curve detection device comprises a preliminary arrangement unit and an instantaneous flow calculation unit, wherein the preliminary arrangement unit is used for dividing a river section according to the river width change of a river to be detected, arranging a rainstorm runoff experimental point at the tail end of the river section and detecting the river body curve change of two sides of the river width of the rainstorm runoff experimental point; the instantaneous flow calculation unit is used for establishing the area surrounded by the two-dimensional coordinate system meter related to the river body curve and the water level change, namely the instantaneous flow.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the storm runoff experimental point is arranged at a position of a river with a large relative flow speed, the water level height measurement is taken as a core point, and the turbine rotor is used for measuring the water flow speed, so that the turbine rotor is ensured to move synchronously along with the rising of the water level, the draft height of the turbine rotor is ensured to be at the same position at various water level heights, the normal speed measurement work of the turbine rotor is not influenced, the whole process is intelligently operated, and no artificial participation is needed;
(2) when the height of the float is measured, the height data of the float is filtered and cleaned for pretreatment according to the displacement characteristic of the float, error data is eliminated, and the accuracy of water level measurement is improved, so that the water level measurement can be accurate to 1 cm.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a storm runoff testing apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of storm runoff detection data in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a storm runoff detection method in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1-preparing a layout unit; 4-an instantaneous flow calculation unit; 5-anti-corrosion positioning vertical piles; 6-a buoyancy mechanism; 7-a flow rate conversion assembly; 8-buoyancy plates; 9-smooth concave pad; 10-a rotational speed sensor; 11-laser rangefinder; 12-a processor;
501-hollow cavity; 502-through opening;
601-horizontal link; 602-a float;
701-rotating rod; 702-a turbine rotor; 703-sealing the rotary valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a rainstorm runoff experimental point location arrangement and detection system, generally speaking, rainstorm runoff experimental points are often arranged at river sections of downstream residential areas to detect drought and flood disasters and pollution conditions caused by rainstorm runoff on the residential areas.
The river body curve detection method specifically comprises a preliminary arrangement unit 1 and an instantaneous flow calculation unit 4, wherein the preliminary arrangement unit 1 is used for dividing a river section according to the river width change of a river to be detected, arranging a storm runoff experiment point at the tail end of the river section and detecting the river body curve change of two banks of the river width of the storm runoff experiment point.
The instantaneous flow calculation unit 4 is used for establishing an area surrounded by the two-dimensional coordinate system meter related to river body curves and water level changes, namely the instantaneous flow.
Storm runoff experimental point is including fixing anticorrosive pilot pile 5 in the river bottom, be equipped with the buoyancy mechanism 6 that is used for detecting every river reach water level change and be used for detecting the velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7 on anticorrosive pilot pile 5, the inner of buoyancy mechanism 6 with the inner of velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7 is connected, buoyancy mechanism 6 drives velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7 reciprocates in step in order to realize real-time supervision velocity of flow.
It should be particularly added that the layout principle of the storm runoff experimental points of the embodiment is as follows: the width of laying the torrential rain runoff experimental point in river becomes narrow department, because this embodiment utilizes velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7 to detect the velocity of water, it is rotatory to utilize velocity of water to drive velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7, the rotational speed of surveying earlier calculates the velocity of water according to the corresponding relation again, this kind of mode itself can have certain error, if in the position that velocity of water is less, the shared proportion of error that can be bigger, consequently, it is too much to make whole measuring result skew accurate value, and lay the width of torrential rain runoff experimental point in river becomes narrow department, because the velocity of water here is very fast, weaken the influence of error, improve measurement accuracy, and the turbine of velocity of flow conversion subassembly 7 is installed along the rivers direction.
The buoyant mechanism 6 floats on the water surface by means of the float, and even when the float is at the lowest water level and the highest water level of the river reach, the draft height of the float and the buoyancy received by the float are the same, so that the stability of the buoyant mechanism 6 itself is not affected by the water level, and the position of the float is positively correlated with the height of the water level.
The flow velocity conversion assembly 7 adopts the turbine to measure, converts the flow velocity of water flow into the rotational speed of turbine and passes through the signal of telecommunication output with the rotational speed of turbine, consequently obtains the conversion parameter between rotational speed and the velocity of flow through many times of experiments after, confirms the conversion parameter through many times of experiments after, can obtain the velocity of water flow through the turbine rotational speed of measurement in practical application.
In addition, in the embodiment, the buoyancy mechanism 6 is used to drive the flow rate conversion assembly 7 to synchronously ascend and descend, so that a part of the flow rate conversion assembly 7 is ensured to be immersed in water and rotate under the driving of water flow, the phenomenon that the flow rate conversion assembly 7 is completely immersed in the water body and cannot be normally used when the water level rises during a rainstorm period is avoided, and the phenomenon that the flow rate conversion assembly 7 is completely separated from the water body and cannot measure the flow rate during a drought period is also avoided.
Therefore, as one of the characteristic points of the present embodiment, the present embodiment can ensure that the detection of the water velocity can be completed while the water level is measured by the connection and the synchronous driving of the buoyancy mechanism 6 and the flow velocity conversion assembly 7, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, and capability of measuring the water level and the flow velocity of the storm runoff without complicated and high manufacturing cost.
The anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile 5 is internally provided with a hollow cavity 501 from top to bottom, two through holes 502 which are symmetrically distributed about the central line of the hollow cavity 501 and have the same height as the hollow cavity 501 are formed in the side wall of the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile 5, and the buoyancy mechanism 6 and the flow rate conversion assembly 7 are respectively installed in the two through holes 502.
Generally speaking, the height of the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile 5 at least exceeds the normal water level by 3m-4m, the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile 5 is prevented from being submerged when the storm water level rises, and the buoyancy mechanism 6 and the flow rate conversion assembly 7 are respectively distributed in two through holes in a horizontal connecting line mode, and due to the limiting effect of the through holes 502, the buoyancy mechanism 6 and the flow rate conversion assembly 7 can be effectively prevented from being displaced to influence the accuracy of water level measurement and flow rate measurement, so that the working stability of the flow rate conversion assembly 7 is ensured.
The sealing rotary valve 703 can ensure the connection stability of the horizontal link 601 and the rotary rod 701, and prevent the horizontal link 601 and the rotary rod 701 from being disconnected after long-term use, and can also ensure that the rotary rod 701 can movably rotate around the horizontal link 601 through the sealing rotary valve 703.
It should be added that, the lengths of the horizontal link 601 and the rotating rod 701 are specifically set according to the buoyancy of the float 602 and the gravity of the turbine rotor 702, and are specifically limited to the dry period, and the gravity of the turbine rotor 702 is also smaller than the buoyancy of the float 602, so that the lengths of the horizontal link 601 and the rotating rod 701 may be equal or the length of the rotating rod 701 is slightly larger than the length of the horizontal link 601, and the two ends where the turbine rotor 702 and the float 602 are located are kept balanced.
As a second characteristic point of the present embodiment, a smooth concave pad 9 is disposed at a central position of an upper surface of the buoyancy plate 8, the sealing rotary valve 703 can rotate around the smooth concave pad 9, and the buoyancy plate 8 generates an upward supporting force on the horizontal connecting rod 601 and the rotating rod 701 due to the buoyancy, and the sealing rotary valve 703 is driven to synchronously rotate in the smooth concave pad 9 when the turbine rotor 702 rotates, so that the buoyancy plate 8 can prevent the sealing rotary valve 703, the horizontal connecting rod 601 and the rotating rod 701 from being immersed in a water body, prevent the turbine rotor 702 from being reduced in rotation speed due to the resistance of water flow, and improve the accuracy of the turbine rotor 702 in measuring the water flow speed.
The inside of sealed rotary valve 703 is equipped with and is used for detecting the tachometric sensor 10 of dwang 701 slew velocity, the top of anticorrosive location stake 5 is equipped with and is used for detecting laser range finder 11 of horizontal connecting rod 601 height, and laser range finder 11 and tachometric sensor 10 all transmit measured data to treater 12 respectively, the input of treater 12 is received laser range finder 11 and tachometric sensor 10's data carry out the calculation processing.
After receiving the data of the rotation speed sensor 10, the processor 12 determines the data of the water flow speed according to the relationship between the rotation speed of the turbine rotor 702 and the water flow speed and counts the change of the water flow speed, and meanwhile, the laser range finder 11 is used for measuring the position change of the horizontal connecting rod 601, and the water level change which can reach the rainstorm runoff experimental point can be calculated according to the initial position from the laser range finder to the rainstorm runoff experimental point and the height from the horizontal connecting rod 601 to the laser range finder 11.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, the invention also provides a rainstorm runoff experimental point location arrangement and detection method, which comprises the following steps:
step 100, dividing the river point to be detected into a plurality of sections and arranging a storm runoff experimental point in each river section.
The mode of dividing the river to be detected and laying the storm runoff experimental points specifically comprises the following steps:
1. measuring the width of the river to be detected, and arranging segmentation points for dividing the river to be detected into a plurality of river sections at the change position of the width of each river;
2. detecting a river bottom curve of a segmentation point, and determining a river body curve of a water passing section of the segmentation point;
3. and setting the rainstorm runoff experiment point at the position of each subsection point.
In the embodiment, the river to be detected is divided into a plurality of river sections by setting the segmentation points, the segmentation points are the small river width positions of the river to be detected, and the water flow speed at the small river width positions is larger than that at the large river width positions.
And 200, measuring the water level movement and the flow rate change of the rainstorm runoff experimental point at a fixed point.
Because the storm runoff experimental point is arranged at the position of a small river width, the water flow speed is high, and the corresponding unevenness and fluctuation of the water surface are large, the water surface of the storm runoff experimental point is in wave-shaped change.
Generally speaking, in a short period of time, the river bottom depth of the storm runoff experimental point cannot be changed greatly, so that when the storm runoff experimental point is laid, the fixed height of the storm runoff experimental point from the river bottom is measured, and the up-down moving range of the floater is set according to the water surface height in a dry period and a rich period.
The embodiment can calculate the water level height h-d-l according to the dynamic height l between the experimental point and the floater and the fixed height d between the experimental point and the corresponding river bottom through the measurement result.
Then, the height data of the float is measured in real time and subjected to a rejection preprocessing.
During rainstorm, the fluctuation range of the water surface is large, namely the water surface flows in a wave shape, and the floater moves on the water surface in a wave shape, so that the dynamic height l between the experimental point and the floater is not a fixed value but data changing constantly, and in order to avoid error data in the height data of the floater, the error data in the process is filtered and removed before the data are processed.
The method for filtering and removing the error data specifically comprises the following steps: extracting a group of original floater height data according to a time sequence; sequentially comparing the sizes of two adjacent data in the original floater height data to find out an extreme value in a group of extracted data; filtering and eliminating extreme values to obtain the height data of the row difference floaters, and drawing the height data of the row difference floaters in a chart according to a time sequence.
And finally, drawing a data distribution diagram after arrangement and fitting a height trend line.
In the embodiment, an algorithm for searching an extreme value is utilized to filter and remove a maximum value and a minimum value in original floater height data to obtain difference elimination floater height data, then the difference elimination floater height data is drawn in a data distribution graph to present a scatter diagram, finally a height trend line of the floater is fitted, and the difference between an experimental point and a fixed height d corresponding to a river bottom and the float height trend line is calculated to obtain the water level change of a detection point. After all the detected data are concentrated to the data distribution map, the water level change of the storm runoff detection points in the monitoring time period can be obtained.
As a third characteristic point of the embodiment, when the height of the float is measured, the height data of the float is filtered and removed for preprocessing according to the displacement characteristic of the float, error data is eliminated, and the accuracy of water level measurement is improved, so that the water level measurement can be accurate to 1 cm.
When the water flow speed is calculated, a turbine is arranged at a storm runoff experimental point, water flow drives the turbine to rotate, the water flow speed is measured through the rotating speed of the turbine, and the corresponding relation between the rotating speed of the turbine and the water flow speed is as follows:
Vwater (W)＝VQuiet+βVRotating shaftIn which V isQuietIn particular to the hydrostatic velocity, V, of the riverWater (W)In particular the water velocity, VRotating shaftIn particular the rotational speed of the turbine, β in particular the conversion factor between the water flow speed and the rotational speed.
The rotation of the turbine requires a sufficient water flow velocity, VQuietSpecifically, the water flow speed drives the turbine to rotate, and when the water flow speed is not enough to drive the turbine to rotate, the river flow speed at the moment is determined as the hydrostatic speed VQuietAfter the turbine has rotated, according to VRotating shaftThe available water flow speed can be calculated by substituting the data into the formula.
And step 300, calculating the instant flow of the corresponding river section according to the river body structure of each storm runoff experimental point.
In step 300, the specific steps of calculating the instantaneous flow of each river section are:
301, determining river body width corresponding to a segmentation point of a river section and river depth change along with the change of the river body width according to a water passing section river body curve of the segmentation point position;
and 302, establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system related to the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height, and calculating the enclosed area of the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height by taking the lowest point of the river body curve of the water passing section as an origin to determine the instantaneous flow passing through each river section.
This embodiment utilizes simpler mode and low-priced subassembly through above-mentioned operation, can record the water level variation, the water velocity of the storm runoff experimental point that is accurate relatively and change and the instantaneous flow.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A rainstorm runoff experiment point location arrangement and detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, dividing a river point to be detected into a plurality of sections and laying a storm runoff experimental point in each river section;
step 200, measuring water level movement and flow rate change of a rainstorm runoff experimental point at a fixed point;
and step 300, calculating the instant flow of the corresponding river section according to the river body structure of each storm runoff experimental point.
2. The method for laying and detecting storm runoff experimental points according to claim 1, wherein in the step 100, the manner of dividing the river to be detected and laying the storm runoff experimental points is specifically as follows:
measuring the width of the river to be detected, and arranging segmentation points for dividing the river to be detected into a plurality of river sections at the change position of the width of each river;
detecting a river bottom curve of a segmentation point, and determining a river body curve of a water passing section of the segmentation point;
and setting the rainstorm runoff experiment point at the position of each subsection point.
3. The storm runoff experimental site location and detection method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 200, the specific steps of measuring the water level movement at fixed points are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of measuring the fixed height from a rainstorm runoff experimental point to the river bottom corresponding to the experimental point in advance, setting the up-down moving range of a floater, and determining the water level height according to the fixed height and the moving range of the floater;
measuring the height data of the floater in real time and carrying out difference elimination pretreatment on the height data;
and drawing a data distribution graph after arrangement and fitting a height trend line.
4. The storm runoff experimental site location and detection method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the row difference preprocessing comprises the following specific operations:
extracting a group of original floater height data according to a time sequence;
sequentially comparing the sizes of two adjacent data in the original floater height data to find out an extreme value in a group of extracted data;
filtering and eliminating extreme values to obtain the height data of the row difference floaters, and drawing the height data of the row difference floaters in a chart according to a time sequence.
5. The storm flow test site placement and detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 200, a turbine is placed at the storm flow test site, the turbine is driven by water flow to rotate, so that the water flow speed is measured by the rotation speed of the turbine, and the corresponding relation between the rotation speed of the turbine and the water flow speed is as follows:
Vwater (W)＝VQuiet+βVRotating shaftIn which V isQuietIn particular to the hydrostatic velocity, V, of the riverWater (W)In particular the water velocity, VRotating shaftIn particular the rotational speed of the turbine, β in particular the conversion factor between the water flow speed and the rotational speed.
6. The method for laying and detecting storm runoff experimental sites according to claim 5, wherein in the step 300, the concrete steps of calculating the instantaneous flow of each river section are as follows:
301, determining river body width corresponding to a segmentation point of a river section and river depth change along with the change of the river body width according to a water passing section river body curve of the segmentation point position;
and 302, establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system related to the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height, and calculating the enclosed area of the river body curve of the water passing section and the water level height by taking the lowest point of the river body curve of the water passing section as an origin to determine the instantaneous flow passing through each river section.
7. The storm runoff experiment point location laying and detecting system is characterized by comprising an anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile (5) fixed at the bottom of a river, wherein a buoyancy mechanism (6) used for detecting the water level change of each river section and a flow velocity conversion assembly (7) used for detecting the water velocity are arranged on the anti-corrosion positioning vertical pile (5), the inner end of the buoyancy mechanism (6) is connected with the inner end of the flow velocity conversion assembly (7), and the buoyancy mechanism (6) drives the flow velocity conversion assembly (7) to synchronously move up and down so as to realize real-time monitoring of the water velocity;
the utility model discloses a corrosion-resistant positioning vertical pile, including anticorrosive positioning vertical pile (5), be equipped with well cavity (501) in the inside from the top down of anticorrosive positioning vertical pile (5), and be equipped with two central line symmetric distribution about well cavity (501) on the lateral wall of anticorrosive positioning vertical pile (5) and with the highly the same trompil (502) that runs through of well cavity (501), buoyancy mechanism (6) and velocity of flow conversion subassembly (7) are installed two respectively run through in the trompil (502).
8. The storm runoff experimental site distribution and detection system according to claim 7, wherein the buoyancy mechanism (6) comprises a horizontal connecting rod (601) inserted inside the through opening (502) and a floater (602) connected with the outer end of the horizontal connecting rod (601) and floating on the water surface, the flow velocity conversion assembly (7) comprises a rotating rod (701) inserted inside the other through opening (502) and a turbine rotor (702) arranged at the outer end of the rotating rod (701), and the inner end of the rotating rod (701) is provided with a sealing rotating valve (703) movably sleeved at the inner end of the horizontal connecting rod (601).
9. The storm runoff experimental site deployment and detection system of claim 7, a buoyancy plate (8) is arranged in the hollow cavity (501), a smooth concave pad (9) is arranged at the central position of the upper surface of the buoyancy plate (8), the sealing rotary valve (703) can rotate around the smooth concave pad (9), a rotating speed sensor (10) for detecting the rotating speed of the rotating rod (701) is arranged in the sealing rotary valve (703), the top end of the anticorrosion positioning vertical pile (5) is provided with a laser range finder (11) for detecting the height of the horizontal connecting rod (601), and the laser range finder (11) and the rotation speed sensor (10) respectively transmit the measurement data to the processor (12), the input end of the processor (12) receives the data of the laser range finder (11) and the rotating speed sensor (10) and carries out calculation processing.
10. The storm runoff experimental point laying and detecting system according to claim 7, further comprising a preliminary laying unit (1) and an instantaneous flow calculating unit (4), wherein the preliminary laying unit (1) is used for dividing a river section according to the river width change of a river to be detected, arranging storm runoff experimental points at the tail end of the river section and detecting the river body curve change of two sides of the river width of the storm runoff experimental point; the instantaneous flow calculation unit (4) is used for establishing the area surrounded by the two-dimensional coordinate system about the river curve and the water level change, namely the instantaneous flow.
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