CN110886272A

CN110886272A - Floating breakwater

Info

Publication number: CN110886272A
Application number: CN201911224157.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宁光涛; 冯开健; 方兵
Original assignee: HAINAN STATE GRID Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hainan Electric Power Industry Development Co ltd; Hainan Power Grid Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-04
Filing date: 2019-12-04
Publication date: 2020-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-04
Also published as: CN110886272B

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating breakwater, which comprises absorption units for absorbing wave energy, wherein a plurality of absorption units are arranged, connected and assembled to form the breakwater, each absorption unit comprises a floating body, a bearing platform, a sliding rod, a fixed rod and a fixed mechanism, the bearing platform is triangular, the sliding rods are arranged at three corners of the bearing platform, the floating bodies are sleeved on the sliding rods and movably connected with the sliding rods, half of the floating bodies float on the water surface and half sink under the water surface, the fixed rods are rotatably connected with the bottom of the bearing platform, the bottoms of the fixed rods are connected with the fixed mechanism, adjacent absorption units are connected through anchor chains, the device can absorb, transmit and weaken wave energy, the kinetic energy and potential energy of waves are greatly reduced after the wave energy is absorbed and weakened, and the motion amplitude of the waves is also obviously reduced, greatly improving the wave-absorbing and wave-resisting effect.

Description

Floating breakwater

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of breakwaters, and particularly relates to a floating breakwater.

Background

The breakwater is a building which is built in the water area of a port or the periphery of a certain part of the water area, prevents waves from directly invading the port, enables the water level in the port to be relatively calm, and can safely berth and load and unload ships. The structure of the breakwater can be generally divided into two types of heavy type and light type: the former is a traditional and common breakwater type, including slope breakwater, straight wall breakwater, hybrid breakwater and the like, the breakwater technology must be built from the sea bottom, and is only suitable for areas with water depth less than 10m and small waves, otherwise, the construction cost is very high; but also causes a great amount of earthwork to enter the sea, causing a problem of adverse environmental impact. Meanwhile, the existing breakwater technology has the problem of difficult deepwater construction. When an ocean engineering structure (such as a pier and the like) is built in the sea, a temporary cofferdam is often required to be built. All materials for constructing the cofferdam are disposable, so that not only is the environment damaged, but also the engineering cost is increased.

The light breakwater is researched according to the characteristic that wave energy is concentrated on the surface layer and the special requirements of engineering, such as a permeable breakwater, a floating breakwater, an air injection breakwater, a water jet breakwater and the like. All the light breakwaters are suitable for short-wave conditions, but are not designed according to wave characteristics, and have the defects of heavy structure, overlarge stress of an anchor system, poor wave-absorbing effect, easiness in damage, high maintenance requirement and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides the floating breakwater which can absorb, conduct and weaken wave energy, greatly reduce the kinetic energy and potential energy of waves after the wave energy is absorbed and weakened, obviously reduce the motion amplitude of the waves and greatly improve the wave-eliminating and wave-preventing effects.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

the invention provides a floating breakwater which comprises absorption units for absorbing wave energy, wherein the absorption units are arranged, connected and assembled to form the breakwater, each absorption unit comprises a floating body, a bearing platform, a sliding rod, a fixed rod and a fixing mechanism, the bearing platform is triangular, the sliding rods are arranged at three corners of the bearing platform, the floating bodies are sleeved on the sliding rods and movably connected with the sliding rods, half of the floating bodies float on the water surface, the other half of the floating bodies sink under the water surface, the fixed rods are rotatably connected with the bottom of the bearing platform, the bottoms of the fixed rods are connected with the fixing mechanisms, and adjacent absorption units are connected through anchor chains.

Preferably, the floating body has a cylindrical structure.

Preferably, the absorption unit is connected with an energy conversion device.

Preferably, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing base and an anchoring component, the fixing base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the fixing rod, and the anchoring component is connected with the fixing base.

Preferably, the mooring component comprises a sinking block, an anchor chain and an anchor, the front end and the rear end of the fixed base are connected with the sinking block through the anchor chain, the sinking block is placed on the seabed, and the anchor is connected with the front sinking block and the rear sinking block in a one-to-one mode.

Preferably, the sinking block is hollow, a water hole is formed in the bottom of the sinking block, an air pipe is arranged at the top of the sinking block, and an air valve is mounted on the air pipe.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a floating breakwater, wherein a floating body rotates by the impact of waves and moves up and down along a sliding rod, the rotation of the floating body can transmit and weaken the received horizontal force, the sliding rod can generate an upward reaction force to resist and weaken wave energy when moving up and down, the floating body can drive a bearing platform to rotate after receiving horizontal thrust, the wave energy is further transmitted and weakened, the triangular bearing platform can cut and divide oncoming waves, the impact force received by the bearing platform is greatly reduced, the service life of the device is prolonged, the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the waves are greatly reduced after the wave energy is absorbed and weakened, the motion amplitude of the device is also obviously reduced, and the wave-eliminating and wave-preventing effects are greatly improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an absorption unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a breakwater surrounded by absorption units according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sinker in a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1 absorption unit, 2 floating body, 3 bearing platform, 4 sliding rod, 5 fixing rod, 6 anchor chain, 7 fixing base, 8 sinking block, 9 anchor, 10 water hole, 11 air pipe and 12 air valve.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific embodiments are provided below, and the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a floating breakwater, comprising absorption units 1 for absorbing wave energy, wherein a plurality of absorption units 1 are connected in an arrayed manner to form the breakwater, each absorption unit 1 comprises a floating body 2, a bearing platform 3, a sliding rod 4, a fixed rod 5 and a fixing mechanism, each bearing platform 3 is triangular, the sliding rods 4 are arranged at three corners of each bearing platform 3, the floating bodies 2 are sleeved on the sliding rods 4, the floating bodies 2 are movably connected with the sliding rods 4, the floating bodies 2 are impacted by waves and do reciprocating motion up and down by taking the sliding rods 4 as tracks, meanwhile, the floating bodies 2 can also rotate on the sliding rods 4, half of the floating bodies 2 float on the water surface, half of the floating bodies sink under the water surface, the fixed rods 5 are rotatably connected with the bottom of the bearing platforms 3, and the bottoms of the fixed rods 5 are connected with the fixing mechanisms, the adjacent absorption units 1 are connected through the anchor 9 chain 6, and the function of strengthening polymerization is achieved between the absorption units 1.

The absorption units 1 are connected and arranged through the anchor 9 chain 6 to form a breakwater, when waves travel to the breakwater, the waves can generate horizontal thrust and vertical pressure on the floating body 2, the floating body 2 moves up and down along the sliding rod 4 while rotating, the rotation of the floating body 2 can transmit and weaken the received horizontal force, the upward reaction force generated when the sliding rod 4 moves down and up can resist and weaken the wave energy, meanwhile, the floating body 2 can drive the bearing platform 3 to rotate after receiving the horizontal thrust to further transmit and weaken the wave energy, the triangular bearing platform 3 can cut and divide the oncoming waves, the impact force received by the bearing platform 3 is greatly reduced, the service life of the device is prolonged, and the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the waves are greatly reduced after the wave energy is absorbed and weakened, the motion amplitude of the device is obviously reduced, and the wave-absorbing and wave-preventing effects are greatly improved. The fixing mechanism pulls and fixes the absorption unit 1 to protect the absorption unit 1 from being blown away by waves, and the absorption unit 1 can form a large-scale breakwater according to needs to eliminate waves and prevent waves in a larger-area water area.

The floating body 2 is of a cylindrical structure, and the cylindrical floating body 2 can effectively conduct waves and improve the weakening effect on wave energy.

The absorption unit 1 is connected with an energy conversion device, the energy conversion device can select various devices such as machinery, hydraulic pressure, linear motors and the like, and the absorbed wave energy can be converted into energy in other forms by the energy conversion device according to specific needs and utilized, so that the wave energy is resisted, and meanwhile, the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved.

The fixing mechanism comprises a fixing base 7 and an anchor 9 mooring component, the fixing base 7 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the fixing rod 5, the anchor 9 mooring component is connected with the fixing base 7, the absorption unit 1 is pulled and fixed through the fixing base 7 and the fixing mechanism, and the absorption unit 1 is protected from being blown away by waves.

Example two

Referring to fig. 4 to 5, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the anchor 9-mooring assembly includes a sinker 8, a chain 6 of anchors 9, and an anchor 9, the front and rear ends of the fixing base 7 are connected to the sinker 8 through the chain 6 of anchors 9, the sinker 8 is placed on the sea bottom, the anchors 9 are connected to the foremost and rearmost sinkers 8 one-to-one, the absorption unit 1 floats on the water, the anchors 9 and sinkers 8 are sunk on the water bottom, and the absorption unit 1 is pulled and fixed by the anchors 9 and the sinkers 8, so that wave energy can be effectively absorbed.

The sinking block 8 is hollow, a water hole 10 is formed in the bottom of the sinking block 8, an air pipe 11 is arranged at the top of the sinking block 8, an air valve 12 is mounted on the air pipe 11, and the sinking block 8 can be suspended in a water area due to the fact that air is contained in the sinking block before sinking, and is convenient to drag; when the sinking object arrives at a destination and needs to sink, the air valve 12 is opened, seawater enters the sinking block 8 from the water hole 10, all air in the sinking block 8 is discharged, and the sinking block 8 sinks heavily; when the water-saving device needs to be detached or moved, the air pipe 11 inflates the interior of the sinking block 8, seawater in the sinking block 8 is discharged from the water holes 10, and the sinking block 8 floats upwards to facilitate moving.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The floating breakwater is characterized in that the absorption units comprise floating bodies, bearing platforms, sliding rods, fixing rods and fixing mechanisms, the bearing platforms are triangular, the sliding rods are installed at three corners of the bearing platforms, the floating bodies are sleeved on the sliding rods and movably connected with the sliding rods, half of the floating bodies float on the water surface, half of the floating bodies sink under the water surface, the fixing rods are rotatably connected with the bottoms of the bearing platforms, the bottoms of the fixing rods are connected with the fixing mechanisms, and adjacent absorption units are connected through anchor chains.

2. A floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the floating body has a cylindrical structure.

3. A floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein an energy conversion device is connected to the absorption unit.

4. The floating breakwater of claim 1, wherein the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing base and a mooring component, the fixing base is fixedly connected with the bottom of the fixing rod, and the mooring component is connected with the fixing base.

5. A floating breakwater according to claim 4, wherein the mooring components comprise sinkers to which the front and rear ends of the fixing base are connected by anchor chains, sinkers to be placed on the seabed, and anchors to be connected one-to-one with the foremost and rearmost sinkers.

6. The floating breakwater according to claim 5, wherein the sinker has a hollow interior, a water hole is formed at the bottom of the sinker, an air pipe is formed at the top of the sinker, and an air valve is installed on the air pipe.