CN110880873A - LLC resonant converter resonant cavity switching device and control method - Google Patents
LLC resonant converter resonant cavity switching device and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110880873A CN110880873A CN201911220769.3A CN201911220769A CN110880873A CN 110880873 A CN110880873 A CN 110880873A CN 201911220769 A CN201911220769 A CN 201911220769A CN 110880873 A CN110880873 A CN 110880873A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/44—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by combination of static with dynamic converters; by combination of dynamo-electric with other dynamic or static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a resonant cavity switching device of an LLC resonant converter and a control method. It includes: the device comprises an input rectifying filter, an input inverter bridge, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a switching device, a first output rectifying and filtering device and a second output rectifying and filtering device. The circuit of the invention can make the LLC converter work under different resonant cavities through the switching device, when the switching device is switched on, only the first resonant cavity participates in resonance, therefore, only the first output rectifier bridge can carry out power transmission; when the change-over switch is turned off, the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity work in series to resonate together, the first output rectifier bridge and the second output rectifier bridge simultaneously carry out power transmission, the output power can be doubled under the condition that the parameters of the two resonant cavities are the same, the gain range of the LLC converter is widened, and the problem that the LLC resonant converter cannot work in a wide gain range is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resonant cavity switching device of an LLC resonant converter and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of circuits.
Background
The LLC resonant converter is a high-efficiency converter with soft switching characteristics, adopts a transformer isolation structure, and is widely applied to occasions with high power and isolated output.
The LLC resonant converter has two resonant frequencies, one is the resonant frequency f when the resonant capacitor and the resonant inductor are connected in series for operation0The formula is
The other resonant frequency is the resonant frequency f when the resonant capacitor and the resonant inductor plus the excitation inductor work in seriespThe formula is
Is obviously provided with f0>fp。
For a fixed resonant cavity, the LLC resonant converter is controlled by varying the operating frequency f of the circuitsTo regulate the output voltage, the circuit operating resonant frequency f0When the voltage gain is 1, the frequency is under-resonant frequency (f)s<f0) The time-voltage gain is larger than 1, and the device works at the over-voltageResonant frequency (f)s>f0) The time-voltage gain is less than 1.
To ensure the soft switching of the primary side switching tube, the working frequency cannot be lower than fpOtherwise, the LLC resonant converter will enter the capacitive region and lose zero voltage to turn on, resulting in large switching loss, so that the converter should operate near the resonant frequency and ensure fs>fp。
When the operating frequency fsBelow the resonance frequency f0When the transformer excitation inductor participates in resonance, primary side current circulation is caused, circulation loss is caused, the circulation loss is mainly magnetic loss, the working frequency is lower when the voltage gain is larger, the circulation loss in a circuit is larger, and the efficiency is lower.
When the operating frequency fsAbove the resonance frequency f0In the meantime, the rectifier diode on the secondary side of the converter enters a hard turn-off mode, reverse recovery loss exists, and efficiency is also reduced.
When the circuit works in a boosting mode, the excitation inductive current is possibly overlarge due to the excessively low working frequency, and the loss is large due to the large circulating energy; when the voltage-reducing circuit works in the voltage-reducing mode, the voltage reduction and the working frequency are not in a linear relation, and the reduction range of the output voltage is limited due to the limitation of circuit parameters (such as the ratio of resonance inductance to excitation inductance).
Therefore, for an LLC converter with a fixed resonant cavity, under reasonable parameter design conditions, the voltage variation adaptation range of the LLC resonant converter is limited, i.e. the ratio of (maximum input × maximum output) to (minimum input × minimum output) needs to be small, and an excessively large voltage variation range may cause the performance of the LLC converter to be drastically deteriorated, or even the LLC converter cannot work normally. Therefore, for example, widening the voltage variation adaptive range of the LLC resonant converter has been a research hotspot of the LLC converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and designs a resonant cavity switching device and a control method of an LLC resonant converter, wherein the resonant cavity switching device and the control strategy of the LLC resonant converter have the following functions: the resonant cavity parameters of the converter are changed through the switching device, and the resonant frequency of the circuit is changed through the change of the resonant parameters, so that the effect of increasing the gain range is achieved, and the voltage change adaptive range of the LLC converter is expanded.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a resonant cavity switching device of LLC resonant converter is composed of input voltage, input switch network (or input inverter bridge), the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity, switching unit, the first output rectifying filter and the second output rectifying filter. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the input voltage is typically a dc voltage, also referred to as a dc bus, coupled to the input switch network. The amplitude of the input voltage is variable or constant.
(2) And the input switch network is coupled with the input voltage and is used for inverting the direct current into high-frequency square wave alternating current to be used as the input of the resonant network.
(3) The resonant cavity comprises a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and an isolation transformer, the resonant capacitor, the resonant inductor and the isolation transformer are used for coupling input energy to the output side of the transformer under the action of passing high-frequency square wave alternating current through the resonant cavity, and soft switching (or zero voltage switching-on) of switches in the input switching network is realized through resonance of the resonant network, so that switching loss is reduced. The resonant cavity has an input port for receiving an output signal of the input switch network and an output port associated with a corresponding output rectifying device.
(4) A switching device operative to provide both on and off modes, the switching device being connected in series between one end of the first resonator series input and one end of the input switch network output, in the on mode, coupling the first resonator input to the input switch network output.
(5) And the second resonant cavity comprises a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and an isolation transformer, and is coupled to two ends of the switching device. And the second resonant cavity is connected in series with the first resonant cavity and is commonly coupled to the output end of the input switch network in the switching device on mode.
(5) The first output rectifying device and the second output rectifying device are respectively provided with an input port and an output port, the input ports are respectively coupled to the output port of the first resonant cavity and the output port of the second resonant cavity, and are used for receiving the output signals of the corresponding resonant cavities and obtaining a direct current output signal. The output ports of the first output rectifying device and the second output rectifying device are connected in parallel and are coupled with a load
The invention discloses a resonant cavity switching control strategy of an LLC resonant converter, which comprises the following steps:
in order to obtain better conversion efficiency, after the switching frequency is determined, the resonant cavity parameter design of the LLC resonant converter is relatively fixed, the design of the transformer turn ratio (herein, the turn ratio refers to the ratio of the number of primary turns and the number of secondary turns of the transformer) basically determines the voltage gain range of the converter, and the gain variation range is usually within 2 times according to the conversion to the input side. In general, the turn ratio is usually selected to be the ratio of the rated input to the rated output, so that the converter has a certain voltage change range adaptability, for example, the voltage change range is within 2 times, at the point that the operation efficiency is higher in most of the time. In some applications, however, the voltage transformation is very wide. In some applications, we assume that the output voltage is constant and that the maximum and minimum values of the input voltage vary by more than 4, or even higher. Therefore, the design of the transformer becomes very difficult, and the large turn ratio design of the transformer cannot be compatible with high input voltage; too small a transformer turn ratio design cannot compromise low input voltages. In order to adapt to a wider voltage variation range, the resonant cavities in the LLC resonant converter are divided into two cavities, the switching device is connected in series with the first resonant cavity, the second resonant cavity is connected in parallel with the switching device, when the switching device is switched on, only the first resonant cavity works, and the second resonant cavity is short-circuited; when the switching device is disconnected, the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are connected in series, when the resonant parameters are the same, the two resonant cavities respectively divide half of input voltage, the input voltage range can be doubled on the occasion that the output voltage is required to be fixed, and the gain range of the LLC resonant converter is widened equivalently.
In order to ensure that circuits before and after switching can normally work, the switching device can ensure that current can pass in the positive and negative directions in the on state of the switching device, and can ensure that the switching device can bear at least half of the peak value of input voltage in the off state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an embodiment of an input switching network.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a resonant cavity;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram and an embodiment of a switching device;
FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of an output rectifying device;
fig. 6 is an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Certain established parameter requirements achievable with the LLC resonant converter of the invention are:
(1) working power supply voltage range: AC 80-265V;
(2) the switching device can make the current flow in two directions when in the on state, and can bear more than half of the input voltage when in the off state.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a resonant cavity switching device and a control strategy of an LLC resonant converter according to the present invention, which includes an input power supply, an input switch network, a resonant cavity a, a resonant cavity B, a switching device, an output rectifying device a and an output rectifying device B. And the input switch network is coupled with the input power supply and is used for inverting the input power supply into high-frequency square wave alternating current with required frequency. The resonant cavity A connected behind the input switch network comprises a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and an isolation transformer, the resonant cavity A has the function of coupling input energy to the output side of the transformer through the function of passing high-frequency square wave alternating current through the resonant cavity, and soft switching (or zero voltage switching-on) of switches in the input switch network is realized through resonance of the resonant network, so that switching loss is reduced. The resonant cavity has an input port for receiving an output signal of the input switch network and an output port associated with a corresponding output rectifying device. One input end of the resonant cavity A is connected with the switching device in series and is coupled to one output end of the input switch network through the other end of the switching device, and the other input end of the resonant cavity A is coupled to the other output end of the input switch network. The resonant cavity B is similar to the resonant cavity A, and also comprises a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and an isolation transformer, and the function is similar. The input end of the resonant cavity B is connected to two ends of the switching device, namely is connected with the switching device in parallel. The switching device provides two modes of connection and disconnection under the action of the control signal. The output rectifying device A and the output rectifying device B are respectively coupled with the output ends of the resonant cavity A and the resonant cavity B and are used for rectifying an output signal transmitted by the resonant cavity to obtain corresponding direct current output. The switching device is used for bypassing the resonant cavity B by the switching device in a conducting mode; in the off mode, the input end of the resonant cavity B is coupled to the input switch network after being connected in series with the input end of the resonant cavity a.
In the above embodiment, the input voltage may also be obtained by ac input rectification, such as mains rectification, to obtain a dc voltage with varying amplitude. In one embodiment, alternating current with the frequency of 50/60Hz and the voltage with the effective value of 80-265V is rectified into direct current. The most conventional implementation is diode rectification, plus an electrically appropriate filter, such as a capacitor or LC filter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an input switching network, and fig. 2 shows a full-bridge configuration and two half-bridge configurations, namely, a half-bridge configuration-1 and a half-bridge configuration-2. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there may be other forms of switching networks that convert direct current to high frequency alternating current signals. The switches of the switching network shown in the figure may be Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), bipolar transistors (BJTs), insulated gate transistors (IGBTs), or the like. In the full-bridge configuration, in one embodiment, the diagonal switches are turned on alternately to turn the dc input voltage into a high frequency ac square wave signal. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other embodiments are possible and will not be described in detail herein.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a resonant cavity A or a resonant cavity B. The resonant cavity generally includes a resonant capacitor Cr, a resonant inductor Lr, a transformer T, and an excitation inductor Lm of the transformer T. Wherein the resonant inductor Lr may be an independent inductor. In some cases, the resonant inductance may be the leakage inductance of the transformer, integrated with the transformer itself, and physically invisible. The excitation inductance of the transformer is fully integrated with the transformation itself, and is not an independent inductance. The resonant capacitor can be connected in series at any input end of the resonant cavity (as shown in mode 1 and mode 2). In some embodiments, the resonant capacitor may be integrated with the input filter capacitor, as in combination with the half-bridge configuration-2 shown in fig. 2, two capacitors in the half-bridge configuration-2 may act as resonant capacitors. The input of the resonant cavity is typically coupled to the output of the input switching network, receives the output signal of the switching network, and delivers power to the other side (secondary side) of the transformer, enabling isolated transfer of energy. Meanwhile, through resonance of the resonance network, soft switching (or zero voltage switching) of the switch in the input switch network and soft switching-off of the switch in the output rectifying device are realized, and switching loss is reduced.
The switching device is a controlled switch, which includes two states of on and off, and generally includes an input terminal, an output terminal and a control terminal, as shown in fig. 4 (a). The control end controls the switching device to be in an on or off state based on the control signal. The switching device may be a relay in one embodiment. In another embodiment, it can also be implemented based on semiconductor switches, such as implemented with two back-to-back MOSFETs, as shown in fig. 4 (B). In the embodiment using the MOSFET, the switching device is turned on when the voltage of the control terminal is higher than the turn-on threshold of the MOSFET, and is turned off when the voltage of the control terminal is lower than the turn-on threshold. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other forms of semiconductor switch implementation are possible without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an output rectifying apparatus, i.e., a full-bridge rectifying system, which rectifies a high-frequency ac signal on the output side of a transformer into a dc output using 4 diodes. Filtering means, such as capacitive filtering, may also be included in the rectifying means. As known to those skilled in the art, the rectifying device may have various embodiments, such as full-wave rectification, voltage-doubler rectification, etc., and will not be described herein. In the rectifying device, diode rectification may be adopted, synchronous rectification may be implemented by using a MOSFET, or a hybrid rectification method in which a diode and a MOSFET are mixed. However, no matter what structure and device are adopted, the high-frequency output alternating current of the transformer is rectified into a direct current signal, and the essence of the invention is not influenced.
The operation of the switching device is described below with an embodiment. Suppose an LLC converter with an input voltage operating in the range 100V-400V and an output voltage of 300V. In the conventional design, the variation range of the input voltage is 4 times, so that the parameter design is difficult, and the efficiency of the converter is low. In order to improve the adaptive range of the input voltage, in one embodiment, the input voltage can be divided into two stages, one stage is a low-voltage stage of 100V to 200V, and the other stage is a high-voltage stage of 200V to 400V. At a low voltage level, the switching device is switched on, only the resonant cavity A participates in resonance at the moment, and the resonant cavity B is short-circuited. When the input is a high-voltage gear, the input voltage is doubled compared with the low-voltage gear at the moment, the switching device is turned off, the two resonant cavities are connected in series and simultaneously participate in resonance, and assuming that the parameters of the resonant cavities A and B are the same, the voltages at the two ends of the two resonant cavities are equal and are respectively half of the input power voltage, so that the voltages at the two ends of the transformers of the two resonant cavities are also the same, and because the output end of the output rectifying device A, B connected with the rear stage of the resonant cavity A, B is connected in parallel, the load voltage of the high-voltage gear after the switching device is turned off is equivalent to the load voltage of the low-voltage gear switching device when the switching device is turned on, and at the moment, because the load is unchanged. Meanwhile, the voltage at the two ends of the resonant cavity B is half of the input power supply voltage, so that the voltage born by the switching device connected in parallel with the resonant cavity B is also half of the input power supply voltage.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a specific LLC resonant converter with switching means, constructed on the basis of the above description.
In summary, the resonant cavity switching device and the control strategy of the LLC resonant converter adopted in the invention change the resonant cavity of the LLC converter through the switching device, well solve the defect of small gain variation range of the LLC resonant converter, increase the variation range of the input and output voltages, and also ensure the safety and reliability of the device operation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various modifications and variations without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for controlling the switching of resonant cavities of an LLC resonant converter is characterized in that the method divides the resonant cavities in the LLC resonant converter into two parts, a switching device for controlling on or off is connected in series with a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity is connected in parallel with the switching device, when the switching device is switched on, only the first resonant cavity works, and the second resonant cavity is short-circuited; when the switching device is switched off, the first resonant cavity and the second resonant cavity are connected in series, when the resonant parameters are the same, the two resonant cavities respectively divide half of input voltage, and the input voltage range can be doubled on the occasion that the output voltage is required to be fixed.
2. A resonant cavity switching device of an LLC resonant converter is characterized by comprising an input voltage, an input switch network, a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a switching device, a first output rectifying and filtering device and a second output rectifying and filtering device; wherein the input voltage is a DC voltage and is coupled with the input switch network; the input switch network is used for inverting the direct current into high-frequency square wave alternating current as the input of the resonance network; the first resonant cavity comprises a resonant capacitor, a resonant inductor and an isolation transformer, the first resonant cavity is used for coupling input energy to the output side of the transformer under the action of high-frequency square wave alternating current passing through the resonant cavity, and soft switching of a switch in an input switch network is realized through resonance of a resonant network to reduce switching loss; the switching device has two modes of on and off, is connected in series between the input end of the first resonant cavity and the output end of the input switch network, and couples the input of the first resonant cavity to the output of the input switch network in the on mode; the second resonant cavity is coupled to two ends of the switching device and is bypassed in a switching-on mode of the switching device, the second resonant cavity is connected in series with the first resonant cavity and is coupled to an output end of the input switch network in common in a switching-off mode of the switching device, an output end of the second resonant cavity is connected with the second output rectifying and filtering device, and output ports of the first output rectifying device and the second output rectifying device are connected in parallel and are coupled with a load.
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CN201911220769.3A CN110880873A (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | LLC resonant converter resonant cavity switching device and control method |
PCT/CN2019/130569 WO2021109305A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-31 | Resonant cavity switching apparatus and control method for llc resonant converter |
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CN111726008A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-29 | 科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Resonant LLC converter and working state control method thereof |
CN112202344A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-01-08 | 深圳市优优绿能电气有限公司 | Bidirectional direct-current converter with wide voltage range and adaptive switching function |
CN116134717A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2023-05-16 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | DC/DC converter, voltage gain switching method and system |
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Application publication date: 20200313 |