CN110880745A - Active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation and control method - Google Patents

Active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110880745A
CN110880745A CN201911096660.3A CN201911096660A CN110880745A CN 110880745 A CN110880745 A CN 110880745A CN 201911096660 A CN201911096660 A CN 201911096660A CN 110880745 A CN110880745 A CN 110880745A
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voltage
branch
capacitance
current
current limiter
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CN110880745B (en
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王越杨
彭光强
何竞松
李清
武霁阳
国建宝
杨光源
王海军
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Maintenance and Test Center of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation and a control method thereof, wherein the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter comprises a through-flow branch and a resistance-capacitance branch which are connected in parallel, the through-flow branch is composed of a mechanical switch, and the resistance-capacitance branch is formed by connecting a high-voltage arm capacitance branch, a low-voltage arm capacitance branch and a semiconductor component in series; the high-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a high-voltage capacitor, a lightning arrester and a controllable discharging branch circuit which are connected in parallel, the low-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a low-voltage capacitor and a controllable charging power supply which are connected in parallel, a semiconductor component is formed by connecting a thyristor and a diode in an anti-parallel mode, the negative electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the high-voltage capacitor, and the positive electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the semiconductor component. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the current limiter is mainly composed of a mechanical switch, a high-voltage capacitor, a low-voltage capacitor, a thyristor, a diode and other conventional power equipment, the manufacturing cost is low, and meanwhile, as no superconducting material or power electronic device is applied, the daily operation and maintenance of the current limiter are simpler and more convenient.

Description

Active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, in particular to an active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitor oscillation and a control method.
Background
The hybrid multi-terminal direct-current transmission system is an important component of a long-distance transmission system in China. After the hybrid multi-terminal direct current transmission system has a short-circuit fault, the voltage source type converter feeds fault current to a fault point, and for the component of the fault current fed by the voltage source type converter, the flowing path damping is small, the rising speed is high, and the component cannot be quickly cleared by controlling the converter. The voltage source type converter is mainly composed of a fully-controlled power electronic device (IGBT), and surge current resistance is weak, so that the fault current can damage key equipment such as the converter and the like, and further serious threat is caused to a system. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the hybrid multi-terminal direct current transmission system, the primary task is to quickly limit the fault current component fed by the voltage source type converter, thereby gaining longer response time for relay protection and reducing the current-voltage stress requirement of the direct current circuit breaker.
In order to slow down the rising speed of the voltage source type feed-in fault current and limit the peak value of the fault current, the arrangement of a current limiter in a direct current system is considered to be an effective measure. The current limiter can be divided into a passive current limiter and an active current limiter according to different input modes, and the active current limiter can be divided into a solid state current limiter, a superconducting current limiter and the like according to different key switching elements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation and a control method thereof, and mainly solves the problems that the active direct current limiter is high in manufacturing cost and difficult to operate and maintain. The active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter mainly comprises a mechanical switch, a high-voltage capacitor, a low-voltage capacitor, a lightning arrester and other traditional power equipment, and has the characteristics of high response speed, low manufacturing cost and simplicity in operation and maintenance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation comprises a through-current branch and a resistance-capacitance branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the through-current branch is composed of a mechanical switch, and the resistance-capacitance branch is formed by connecting a high-voltage arm capacitance branch, a low-voltage arm capacitance branch and a semiconductor component in series; the high-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a high-voltage capacitor, a lightning arrester and a controllable discharging branch circuit which are connected in parallel, the low-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a low-voltage capacitor and a controllable charging power supply which are connected in parallel, the semiconductor component is formed by a thyristor and a diode in anti-parallel connection, the negative electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the high-voltage capacitor, and the positive electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the semiconductor component. The current limiter is mainly composed of a mechanical switch, a high-voltage capacitor, a low-voltage capacitor, a thyristor, a diode and other conventional power equipment, and is low in manufacturing cost.
In some embodiments, the mechanical switch is a fast mechanical switch driven by an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism with an actuation time of 5 ms.
In some embodiments, the semiconductor component has an on-time of 1 μ s.
In some embodiments, the controllable discharging branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a mechanical switch in series, and the controllable charging power supply is a direct current power supply with adjustable output voltage.
In some embodiments, the capacitance ratio of the low voltage capacitance to the high voltage capacitance is greater than 100: 1.
meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method compatible with the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on the double-capacitance oscillation,
detecting the state of a direct current circuit where the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation is located;
controlling the on-off states of a mechanical switch, a controllable discharge branch and a semiconductor component in the current limiter according to the state of the direct current line;
when the direct-current circuit normally runs, the mechanical switch is closed, the voltage at two ends of the high-voltage capacitor is zero, the controllable discharging branch circuit is in an open-circuit state, the low-voltage capacitor is precharged with 3-5kV voltage, the semiconductor assembly is turned off, normal load current flows in the through-current branch circuit, the current is conducted by the mechanical switch, and the current limiter is externally in a zero impedance state;
when the direct-current line has a fault and is subjected to current limiting, the mechanical switch receives a brake-off command, after a moving contact and a static contact of the mechanical switch are subjected to brake-off, the semiconductor assembly receives a conduction command, the semiconductor assembly is conducted, the mechanical switch is subjected to zero-crossing arc extinction through oscillation between the high-voltage capacitor and the low-voltage capacitor, fault current is transferred to the resistance-capacitance branch from the through-current branch, the resistance-capacitance branch is charged by the fault current, the controllable discharge branch is in an open-circuit state, voltage at two ends of the current limiter is continuously raised to residual voltage of the lightning arrester, and the current limiter is in a high-impedance state outwards to limit the;
when the direct current circuit recovers after the fault current is limited, waiting for the direct current breaker to clear the fault current and completely isolate a fault point, closing the controllable discharging branch, reducing the voltage of the two ends of the high-voltage capacitor to zero, canceling the conduction command of the semiconductor component, turning off the semiconductor component, closing the mechanical switch, and recovering the zero impedance state of the current limiter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the current limiter is mainly composed of a mechanical switch, a high-voltage capacitor, a low-voltage capacitor, a thyristor, a diode and other conventional power equipment, and is low in manufacturing cost. When the direct current limiter normally operates, the direct current limiter is in a zero impedance state, no operation loss exists, the normal operation of a system cannot be influenced, and compared with the situation that an IGBT switching tube of the existing direct current limiter frequently generates dozens of kW of operation loss, the direct current limiter saves energy, does not generate extra heat, and does not need a special cooling device to cool the current limiter. Meanwhile, as no superconducting material or power electronic device is applied, the daily operation and maintenance of the current limiter are simpler and more convenient.
2. When the current limiter is in normal operation, the current limiter is in a zero impedance state, and the normal operation of a system cannot be influenced.
3. Because the mechanical switch, the thyristor and the diode all adopt quick response elements, the current limiter can be switched from a low impedance state to a high impedance state within milliseconds, the response speed is high, and the current limiting effect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active RC-DC current limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method of the active rc dc current limiter based on dual-capacitor oscillation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the relevant aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings.
According to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an active rc dc current limiter based on dual-capacitor oscillation, which includes a parallel through-current branch and a parallel rc branch, where the through-current branch is formed by a mechanical switch MS, and the rc branch is formed by a high-voltage arm capacitor branch, a low-voltage arm capacitor branch and a semiconductor component T connected in series;
the high-voltage arm capacitor branch comprises a high-voltage capacitor C connected in parallelh-vThe lightning arrester MOV and the controllable discharge branch DP are arranged, and the low-voltage arm capacitor branch comprises a low-voltage capacitor C connected in parallell-vAnd a controllable charging power supply S, the semiconductor component T is formed by connecting a thyristor SCR and a diode D in an anti-parallel mode, and the low-voltage capacitor Cl-vAnd the high-voltage capacitor Ch-vElectrical connection, said low-voltage capacitor Cl-vIs electrically connected to the anode of the semiconductor component T.
The current limiter mainly comprises a mechanical switch and a high-voltage capacitor Ch-vLow voltage capacitor Cl-vThe thyristor SCR, the diode D and other conventional power equipment, and the manufacturing cost is low. When the direct current limiter normally operates, the direct current limiter is in a zero impedance state, no operation loss exists, the normal operation of a system cannot be influenced, and compared with the situation that an IGBT switching tube of the existing direct current limiter frequently generates dozens of kW of operation loss, the direct current limiter saves energy, does not generate extra heat, and does not need a special cooling device to cool the current limiter. Meanwhile, as no superconducting material or power electronic device is applied, the daily operation and maintenance of the current limiter are simpler and more convenient.
Furthermore, the mechanical switch MS is a fast mechanical switch, the fast mechanical switch is driven by an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and the operation time of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is 5 MS. .
Further, the turn-on time of the semiconductor device is 1 μ s.
Because the mechanical switch MS, the thyristor SCR and the diode D all adopt quick response type elements, the current limiter can be switched from a low impedance state to a high impedance state within milliseconds, the response speed is high, and the current limiting effect is good.
Furthermore, the controllable discharging branch DP is formed by connecting a resistor and a mechanical switch in series, and the controllable charging power supply S is a direct current power supply with adjustable output voltage.
Further, the low-voltage capacitor Cl-vAnd a high-voltage capacitor Ch-vThe capacitance ratio of (a) is greater than 100: 1, ensuring high voltage capacitanceCh-vAnd a low-voltage capacitor Cl-vIs less than 1: 100.
meanwhile, the invention also provides a control method compatible with the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on the double-capacitance oscillation,
s1, detecting the state of the direct current circuit where the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation is located;
s2, controlling the on-off state of a mechanical switch, a controllable discharging branch and a semiconductor component in the current limiter according to the state of the direct current line;
s101, when the direct current line normally runs, the mechanical switch MS is closed, and the high-voltage capacitor Ch-vThe voltage at two ends is zero, the controllable discharge branch DP is in an open circuit state, and the low-voltage capacitor Cl-vPre-charging 3-5kv voltage, turning off the semiconductor component T, enabling normal load current to flow in the through-current branch, enabling the current to be conducted by the mechanical switch MS, and enabling the current limiter to be in a zero-impedance state;
s102, when the direct current line has fault and current is limited, the mechanical switch MS receives a brake-off command, after the moving contact and the static contact of the mechanical switch MS are subjected to brake-off, the semiconductor component T receives a conduction command, the semiconductor component T is conducted, and the high-voltage capacitor Ch-vAnd a low-voltage capacitor Cl-vThe mechanical switch MS is subjected to zero-crossing arc extinction through oscillation, fault current is transferred to the resistance-capacitance branch from the through-current branch, the resistance-capacitance branch is charged by the fault current, the controllable discharging branch DP is in an open-circuit state, voltage at two ends of the current limiter is continuously raised to MOV residual voltage of the lightning arrester, the current limiter is in a high-impedance state outwards, and the rise rate and the peak value of the fault current are limited;
s103, when the direct current circuit recovers after fault current limiting, waiting for the direct current breaker to clear the fault current and completely isolate a fault point, closing the controllable discharge branch DP and the high-voltage capacitor Ch-vAnd reducing the voltage at the two ends to zero, canceling the conduction command of the semiconductor component T, turning off the semiconductor component T, closing the mechanical switch MS, and restoring the zero impedance state of the current limiter.
The working principle is as follows: through the process of primary current conversion, when a direct current line has a fault, the fault current is transferred to the resistance-capacitance branch circuit from the through-current branch circuit, and the resistance-capacitance current-limiting reactance formed by the lightning arrester and the capacitor provides a limiting effect, so that the rise rate and the peak value of the fault current are limited.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (6)

1. An active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation is characterized by comprising a through-current branch and a resistance-capacitance branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the through-current branch is composed of a mechanical switch, and the resistance-capacitance branch is formed by connecting a high-voltage arm capacitance branch, a low-voltage arm capacitance branch and a semiconductor component in series;
the high-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a high-voltage capacitor, a lightning arrester and a controllable discharging branch circuit which are connected in parallel, the low-voltage arm capacitor branch circuit comprises a low-voltage capacitor and a controllable charging power supply which are connected in parallel, the semiconductor component is formed by a thyristor and a diode in anti-parallel connection, the negative electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the high-voltage capacitor, and the positive electrode of the low-voltage capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the semiconductor component.
2. The active rc-based dc current limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the mechanical switch is a quick mechanical switch, the quick mechanical switch is driven by an electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, and the operation time of the electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is 5 ms.
3. The active rc-based dc current limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the turn-on time of the semiconductor component is 1 mus.
4. The active RC-based DC current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the controllable discharging branch is formed by connecting a resistor and a mechanical switch in series, and the controllable charging power supply is a DC power supply with adjustable output voltage.
5. The active RC-based DC current limiter of claim 1, wherein the capacitance ratio of the low-voltage capacitance to the high-voltage capacitance is greater than 100: 1.
6. a control method of an active RC-DC current limiter based on dual-capacitor oscillation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5,
detecting the state of a direct current circuit where the active resistance-capacitance type direct current limiter based on double-capacitance oscillation is located;
controlling the on-off states of a mechanical switch, a controllable discharge branch and a semiconductor component in the current limiter according to the state of the direct current line;
when the direct-current circuit normally runs, the mechanical switch is closed, the voltage at two ends of the high-voltage capacitor is zero, the controllable discharging branch circuit is in an open-circuit state, the low-voltage capacitor is precharged with 3-5kV voltage, the semiconductor assembly is turned off, normal load current flows in the through-current branch circuit, the current is conducted by the mechanical switch, and the current limiter is externally in a zero impedance state;
when the direct-current line has a fault and is subjected to current limiting, the mechanical switch receives a brake-off command, after a moving contact and a static contact of the mechanical switch are subjected to brake-off, the semiconductor assembly receives a conduction command, the semiconductor assembly is conducted, the mechanical switch is subjected to zero-crossing arc extinction through oscillation between the high-voltage capacitor and the low-voltage capacitor, fault current is transferred to the resistance-capacitance branch from the through-current branch, the resistance-capacitance branch is charged by the fault current, the controllable discharge branch is in an open-circuit state, voltage at two ends of the current limiter is continuously raised to residual voltage of the lightning arrester, and the current limiter is in a high-impedance state outwards to limit the;
when the direct current circuit recovers after the fault current is limited, waiting for the direct current breaker to clear the fault current and completely isolate a fault point, closing the controllable discharging branch, reducing the voltage of the two ends of the high-voltage capacitor to zero, canceling the conduction command of the semiconductor component, turning off the semiconductor component, closing the mechanical switch, and recovering the zero impedance state of the current limiter.
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