CN113176470A - Fast switching device for limiting short-circuit current direct-current component of power system and current limiting method - Google Patents
Fast switching device for limiting short-circuit current direct-current component of power system and current limiting method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick switching device for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of an electric power system. The device can solve the problems that the power system has high direct current component and the direct current component is attenuated slowly when the asymmetric short-circuit current has short-circuit fault. When the power system normally operates, the quick vacuum circuit breaker is closed, and the compensation capacitor and the lightning arrester are short-circuited; when the asymmetric short-circuit current is detected, the compensation capacitor and the lightning arrester are quickly put into a system loop, the compensation capacitor can reduce the ratio of X/R, so that the direct-current component of the short-circuit current in the system is reduced, the asymmetric short-circuit fault is smoothly switched on and off in the operation of the high-voltage circuit breaker, the harm of the asymmetric short-circuit fault to the safe and stable operation of a power grid is reduced, the lightning arrester can protect the compensation capacitor, and the damage of the short-circuit current to the compensation capacitor is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission and transformation equipment, in particular to a quick switching device and a current limiting method for limiting a short-circuit current direct-current component of an electric power system.
Background
Along with the continuous expansion of the power grid scale in the development of an electric power system, the connection between power supplies is tighter and tighter, and the problem of short-circuit current exceeding the standard in the power supply and the load dense area is obvious. The short-circuit current of the power system exceeds the standard, not only is the expected short-circuit current exceeding the rated short-circuit on-off current level of the breaker reflected, but also the percentage of the direct-current component of the short-circuit current exceeding the rated asymmetric short-circuit on-off current of the breaker is reflected. Due to the increase of the system capacity and the increase of the X/R ratio of the load, the short-circuit fault of the system presents the characteristics of large short-circuit current and high direct-current component, the on-off performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker in operation is obviously influenced, the safe and stable operation of the power grid is seriously threatened, and the method is a major technical and economic problem which can not be avoided and restricts the rapid development of the modern power grid.
At present, each level of power grids in multiple regions in the country face the problem of exceeding the short-circuit current. For example, the effective value of the short-circuit current of 220kV and above systems such as Ningxia power grid, Xinjiang power grid, Jiangxi power grid, Shanghai power grid and Guangzhou power grid is even over 79kA, and the attenuation time constant of direct current component is even over 150 ms. However, the maximum short-circuit breaking current of the high-voltage circuit breaker of 252kV or above in operation of the existing system is 63kA, and the attenuation time constant of the highest short-circuit current direct-current component is 120ms according to the test verification of the asymmetric short-circuit current breaking performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker in the current national standard GB/T1984-2014.
At present, scientific basis is lacked for evaluating the asymmetric short-circuit current breaking performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker. The 220kV and above power transmission system still mainly focuses on rated electrical parameters and mechanical characteristic parameters of the circuit breaker in model selection, maintenance and performance evaluation of high-voltage circuit breakers. In the running process of a power grid, the high attenuation time constant of short-circuit fault current leads to the on-off moment of a circuit breaker, the percentage of direct current components is often higher than the percentage of rated asymmetric short-circuit on-off current direct current components, and the hidden danger of the on-off failure of the circuit breaker is obvious. At the present stage, the research on the influence mechanism of the asymmetric short-circuit current direct-current component of the high-voltage circuit breaker on the switching-off performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker is still very deficient, and scientific basis is lacked in the evaluation of the switching-off performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker.
At the present stage, an economic and reliable short-circuit current standard exceeding treatment measure is still lacked. At fortune high voltage circuit breaker breaking performance, be difficult to satisfy big short-circuit current high direct current component breaking operating mode demand gradually, lead to at different levels the electric wire netting to be compelled to adopt short-circuit current to exceed standard treatment measures, mainly include: the method comprises the following steps of power grid partition operation, main transformer split operation, line adding series reactance, power transmission line prolonging and the like. The power grid ring-opening partition operation and the main transformer bus split operation can obviously reduce the short-circuit current level and the direct-current component level, but the reliability of the system operation is easily threatened; the series reactance is additionally arranged on the line, the power transmission line is prolonged, the short-circuit current of the system can be obviously limited, and high equipment investment is required to be added.
In general, due to the increase of system capacity and the increase of the X/R ratio of load, the short-circuit fault of the system presents the characteristics of large short-circuit current and high direct-current component, the on-off performance of the high-voltage circuit breaker in operation is obviously influenced, and the safe and stable operation of a power grid is seriously threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, there is a need for a fast switching device that limits the dc component of the short circuit current in the power system.
It is also necessary to provide a current limiting method for limiting the dc component of the short circuit current of the power system.
A fast switch device for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of an electric power system comprises a fast vacuum circuit breaker, a compensation capacitor and a lightning arrester which are connected in parallel.
Preferably, the compensation capacitor is a power capacitor with short-circuit current surge resistance.
Preferably, the capacitance reactance of the compensation capacitor is determined by the following formula:
wherein, R is the system resistance when the system generates the maximum direct current component short-circuit current, and the unit is omega; t isrThe unit is ms for the system relay protection export time; t isopThe unit is ms for the opening time of the circuit breaker;XLthe unit is omega, and the inductive reactance is the inductive reactance when the system generates the maximum direct-current component short-circuit current; xCThe unit is omega for the capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor; dc% is the percentage of the maximum open dc component of the circuit breaker.
A current limiting method for limiting short-circuit current direct-current components of an electric power system comprises the following steps:
step S001, connecting a quick switching device for limiting the direct-current component of the short-circuit current of the power system with a circuit breaker in series, wherein the quick vacuum circuit breaker and the circuit breaker are in a closing state;
step S002, when the power system has short-circuit fault with high direct current component, the rapid vacuum circuit breaker breaks the short-circuit current in the first three-quarter wavelength of the short-circuit current and transfers the short-circuit current to the branch where the compensation capacitor is located, the compensation capacitor restrains the short-circuit current direct current component to the range of the direct current component which can be broken by the circuit breaker, and meanwhile, the lightning arrester limits the voltage when the short-circuit current flows through the compensation capacitor;
and step S003, when the short-circuit current flowing through the circuit breaker is smaller than the maximum short-circuit breaking current of the circuit breaker, the circuit breaker performs breaking operation on the power system.
Preferably, in step S002, the time period during which the compensation capacitor is subjected to the short-circuit power impact is the time interval from the breaking of the short-circuit current by the fast vacuum circuit breaker to the breaking of the short-circuit current by the line breaker.
Preferably, the time interval from the short-circuit current breaking of the rapid vacuum circuit breaker to the short-circuit current breaking of the line breaker is 30-40 ms.
Preferably, the compensation capacitor is a power capacitor with short-circuit current surge resistance.
Preferably, the capacitance reactance of the compensation capacitor is determined by the following formula:
wherein, R is the system resistance when the system generates the maximum direct current component short-circuit current, and the unit is omega; t isrThe unit is ms for the system relay protection export time; t isopThe unit is ms for the opening time of the circuit breaker; xLThe unit is omega, and the inductive reactance is the inductive reactance when the system generates the maximum direct-current component short-circuit current; xCThe unit is omega for the capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor; dc% is the percentage of the maximum open dc component of the circuit breaker.
Preferably, the arrester is a zinc oxide valve bank, and the residual voltage value of the action of the arrester is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the compensation capacitor.
Preferably, the current limiting method for limiting the short-circuit current dc component of the power system further includes the following steps:
step S004, after the short-circuit fault of the power system is removed, judging whether the short-circuit fault is a temporary fault or not in the process that the circuit breaker executes reclosing operation, and simultaneously judging whether the direct-current component of the short-circuit current of the power system exceeds the maximum direct-current component of the circuit breaker which can be switched off or not;
step S005, if the short-circuit fault is a temporary fault and the direct-current component of the short-circuit current of the power system exceeds the maximum direct-current component of the circuit breaker which can be switched off, the rapid vacuum circuit breaker is switched off before the circuit breaker, and the direct-current component of the short-circuit current is restrained;
step S006, the line breaker is opened, and after the short-circuit current is broken, the rapid vacuum breaker executes closing operation within 10ms again.
Has the advantages that: the invention discloses a quick switching device for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of an electric power system. The device can solve the problems that the power system has high direct current component and the direct current component is attenuated slowly when the asymmetric short-circuit current has short-circuit fault. When the power system normally operates, the quick vacuum circuit breaker is closed, and the compensation capacitor and the lightning arrester are short-circuited; when the asymmetric short-circuit current is detected, the compensation capacitor and the lightning arrester are quickly put into a system loop, the compensation capacitor can reduce the ratio of X/R, so that the direct-current component of the short-circuit current in the system is reduced, the asymmetric short-circuit fault is smoothly switched on and off in the operation of the high-voltage circuit breaker, the harm of the asymmetric short-circuit fault to the safe and stable operation of a power grid is reduced, the lightning arrester can protect the compensation capacitor, and the damage of the short-circuit current to the compensation capacitor is avoided. The invention also discloses a method for limiting the current of the circuit breaker by the current limiting device. The method improves the reliability of the circuit breaking of the power system and simultaneously improves the stability of the power supply of the power system by matching the quick vacuum circuit breaker with the circuit breaker.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fast switching device for limiting a dc component of a short-circuit current of an electric power system according to the present invention.
In the figure: the quick switching device 10 for limiting the short-circuit current direct current component of the power system, the quick vacuum circuit breaker 20, the compensation capacitor 30, the lightning arrester 40 and the line breaker 50.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Referring to fig. 1, a fast switching apparatus 10 for limiting a dc component of a short circuit current of a power system includes a fast vacuum circuit breaker 20, a compensation capacitor 30, and a surge arrester 40, and the fast vacuum circuit breaker 20, the compensation capacitor 30, and the surge arrester 40 are connected in parallel.
The fast switching device 10 for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of the power system has no high requirement on the technical indexes of the fast vacuum circuit breaker 20, the compensation capacitor 30 and the lightning arrester 40, and the installation process only needs to connect the switching device disclosed by the invention in series with the circuit breaker 50, so that the fast switching device has the advantages of convenience in installation and low manufacturing cost. Meanwhile, in the maintenance process of the device, only whether the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 can reliably act or not, whether the insulation in the compensation capacitor 30 is damaged or not and whether the lightning arrester 40 fails or not are required to be detected, so that the whole operation and maintenance are simple. The overall economic cost of the fast switching device 10 for limiting the dc component of the short-circuit current in the power system according to the present invention is much lower than the cost of replacing the circuit breaker 50.
Further, the compensation capacitor 30 is a power capacitor with short-circuit current surge resistance.
Further, the capacitance reactance of the compensation capacitor 30 is determined by the following formula:
wherein, R is the system resistance when the system generates the maximum direct current component short-circuit current, and the unit is omega; t isrThe unit is ms for the system relay protection export time; t isopThe unit is ms for the opening time of the circuit breaker 50; xLThe unit is omega, and the inductive reactance is the inductive reactance when the system generates the maximum direct-current component short-circuit current; xCThe unit is omega for the capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor 30; dc% is the percentage of the maximum open dc component of line breaker 50.
The current limiting method for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of the power system comprises the following steps:
step S001, connecting the rapid switching device 10 which limits the short-circuit current direct-current component of the power system and the line breaker 50 in series, and enabling the rapid vacuum breaker 20 and the line breaker 50 to be in a closing state;
step S002, when the power system has a short-circuit fault with high direct current component, the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 breaks the short-circuit current within the first three-quarter wavelength of the short-circuit current and transfers the short-circuit current to the branch where the compensation capacitor 30 is located, the compensation capacitor 30 restrains the short-circuit current direct current component to the range of the direct current component which can be broken by the line breaker 50, and meanwhile, the lightning arrester 40 limits the voltage when the short-circuit current flows through the compensation capacitor 30;
in step S003, when the short-circuit current flowing through the line breaker 50 is smaller than the maximum short-circuit breaking current of the line breaker 50, the line breaker 50 performs a breaking operation on the power system.
The rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 has a lower rated voltage than the line circuit breaker 50, has a short-circuit fault current zero-crossing detection function and a reclosing function, and can autonomously complete opening and closing of a short-circuit current without depending on a system relay protection instruction.
Meanwhile, after the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 detects the short-circuit current with high direct-current component, the expectation of the zero crossing point of the short-circuit current with higher direct-current component can be completed in a very short time after the short-circuit fault occurs, and the phase-controlled short-arcing cut-off technology is adopted to complete the cut-off and transfer of the short-circuit current at the first large half-wave zero crossing point of the asymmetric short-circuit current.
The surge arrester 40 serves to suppress overvoltage of the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 and the compensation capacitor 30, thereby functioning to protect the compensation capacitor 30, and its residual voltage is determined according to the maximum overvoltage level that the compensation capacitor 30 can endure.
In a preferred embodiment, the parallel branch of the rapid vacuum interrupter 20 with the compensation capacitor 30 and the arrester 40 can be mounted on an insulating platform, the rated voltage of which should have the same rated voltage level as the line breaker 50, and then electrically connected in series with the line breaker 50.
After the circuit breaker 50 is connected with the device, the problem that the circuit breaker is replaced in a large batch due to insufficient on-off of the direct current component can be avoided by the power system. Since the fracture voltage after the quick breaker is opened is only the terminal voltage of the compensation capacitor 30, the fracture withstand voltage level of the quick breaker can be far lower than the rated voltage level of the system on-line circuit breaker 50 connected with the quick breaker in series. Meanwhile, due to the reduction of the voltage-resistant level of the fracture of the quick switch, the quick switch has the remarkable characteristics of simple structure, small occupied area, low manufacturing cost and the like.
In the process of suppressing the short-circuit current dc component, the compensation capacitor 30 needs to flow a short-circuit current with a higher dc component, so that the compensation capacitor 30 is required to have a higher peak value and short-time current tolerance. Since the switching-off time of the line breaker 50 is longer than that of the fast vacuum circuit breaker 20, the time of the compensation capacitor 30 receiving the impact of the short-circuit power is the time interval from the time when the fast circuit breaker breaks the short-circuit current to the time when the line breaker 50 breaks the short-circuit power flow of the system, and is preferably 30-40 ms.
Further, the compensation capacitor 30 is a power capacitor with short-circuit current surge resistance to offset an excessive short-circuit current dc component caused by line inductance, so as to suppress the short-circuit current dc component to a dc component range where the circuit breaker 50 can be opened and closed.
The capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor 30 is determined according to the maximum short-circuit current dc component that may occur in the system and the maximum dc component that the circuit breaker can be opened, that is:
wherein, R is the system resistance when the system generates the maximum direct current component short-circuit current, and the unit is omega; t isrThe unit is ms for the system relay protection export time; t isopThe unit is ms for the opening time of the circuit breaker 50; xLThe unit is omega, and the inductive reactance is the inductive reactance when the system generates the maximum direct-current component short-circuit current; xCThe unit is omega for the capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor 30; dc% is the percentage of the maximum open dc component of line breaker 50.
Further, the lightning arrester 40 is a zinc oxide valve set, which is used to suppress the overvoltage of the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 and the compensation capacitor 30, so as to protect the compensation capacitor 30, and the residual voltage of the lightning arrester is determined according to the maximum overvoltage level that the compensation capacitor 30 can withstand, preferably, the residual voltage of the action of the lightning arrester 40 is 1.2-1.5 times that of the compensation capacitor 30.
Further, the current limiting method for limiting the short-circuit current direct-current component of the power system comprises the following steps:
step S004, after the short-circuit fault of the power system is removed, determining whether the short-circuit fault is a temporary fault during the reclosing operation performed by the line breaker 50, and determining whether a dc component of the short-circuit current of the power system exceeds a maximum dc component of the line breaker 50 that can be turned on and off;
step S005, if the short-circuit fault is a temporary fault and the direct-current component of the short-circuit current of the power system exceeds the maximum direct-current component of the circuit breaker 50 which can be switched off, the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 is switched off before the circuit breaker 50, and the direct-current component of the short-circuit current is restrained;
in step S006, the line breaker 50 is opened, and the short-circuit current is cut off, and then the rapid vacuum circuit breaker 20 performs the closing operation again within 10 ms.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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| CN113176470B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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