CN110880636A - Vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and positioning antenna - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and positioning antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110880636A CN110880636A CN201911191104.4A CN201911191104A CN110880636A CN 110880636 A CN110880636 A CN 110880636A CN 201911191104 A CN201911191104 A CN 201911191104A CN 110880636 A CN110880636 A CN 110880636A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1207—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency antennas, in particular to a vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and a positioning antenna, wherein the combined antenna comprises a shark fin-shaped antenna housing, an antenna base, a first positioning antenna, a first communication antenna, a second positioning antenna, a first V2X antenna, a second communication antenna and a second V2X antenna, wherein the first positioning antenna, the first communication antenna, the second positioning antenna, the first V2X antenna, the second communication antenna and the second V2X antenna are sequentially arranged in an accommodating cavity from the front to the rear of the antenna housing. The operating frequency and the receiving and dispatching characteristic of each antenna are comprehensively considered, on the basis that the appearance shape of the shark fin antenna is not changed, the arrangement mode of the combined antenna is provided, main antennas required by the Internet of things automobile are integrated in a containing cavity of the shark fin antenna, stable communication and accurate positioning of the Internet of things automobile are guaranteed, mutual coupling influence between the antennas is reduced to the minimum through the arrangement mode, the directional diagram of the antenna is optimal, the simultaneous normal working of the antennas is guaranteed, and the requirements of stable communication and accurate positioning are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency antennas, in particular to a vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and a positioning antenna.
Background
With the advent of the automobile intelligent networking and automatic driving era, various communication and navigation systems are added and integrated, so that the types and the number of vehicle-mounted antennas are increased rapidly compared with the past. At present, the best position for placing the vehicle body antenna is the position of a vehicle roof, the vehicle body antenna is shaped like a shark fin, a 4G main antenna, a 4G auxiliary antenna and a low-precision GPS antenna are generally integrated, and basic communication and navigation requirements are met. From the production, manufacture and use perspectives, the addition of the new communication and navigation antenna still needs to meet the original antenna contour as much as possible and meet the aerodynamic drag reduction characteristic. In addition, considering the mutual influence of the integrated antennas, the performance of the antennas cannot be deteriorated, and the system use cannot be influenced, and also the reliability and the cost are considered, which brings great challenges to the design of the multi-system combined antenna, and no such products exist before.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and a positioning antenna, and aims to integrate a communication antenna and a positioning antenna required by a modern Internet of things automobile on the basis of not changing an existing shark fin-shaped antenna shell, and ensure that mutual interference among the antennas is less so as to meet the requirements of communication and positioning of the existing Internet of things automobile.
A vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna comprises a shark fin-shaped antenna housing, an antenna base, a first positioning antenna, a first communication antenna, a second positioning antenna, a first V2X antenna, a second communication antenna and a second V2X antenna, wherein an accommodating cavity is formed between the antenna housing and the antenna base;
first location antenna, first communication antenna, second location antenna, first V2X antenna, second communication antenna and second V2X antenna along the place ahead of antenna house sets gradually to the rear hold the intracavity, the place ahead of antenna house does the direction of the antenna house fish head of shark fin shape, the rear of antenna house is the direction of the antenna house fish tail of shark fin shape.
The first positioning antenna is a GPS antenna and comprises a ceramic antenna and a first feed circuit board;
the ceramic antenna comprises a rectangular radiation piece with a corner cut, a low-noise amplification circuit is arranged on a first feed circuit board, the first feed circuit board is arranged at a position, close to the front of an antenna housing, on an antenna base, and the ceramic antenna is arranged on the first feed circuit board and connected with the low-noise amplification circuit.
The first communication antenna is a 4G or 5G auxiliary antenna and comprises a second radiation circuit board and a second feed circuit board, wherein the second feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the second radiation circuit board is vertically arranged on the second feed circuit board;
the second radiation circuit board is close to the part of antenna house, be provided with the hypotenuse of antenna house adaptation, be equipped with many second radiation minor matters that length is different on the second radiation circuit board, the length of second radiation minor matters is the quarter wavelength of 4G or 5G operating frequency's central frequency.
The second positioning antenna is a GNSS antenna and comprises a radiation base and a third feed circuit board, the third feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the radiation base is vertically arranged on the third feed circuit board;
the radiation base is a hollow cone or a frustum with a large lower part and a small upper part, a plurality of metal radiation arms are arranged on the outer surface of the radiation base at equal intervals, the metal radiation arms are wound on the outer surface of the radiation base and rise spirally, each metal radiation arm comprises two third radiation branches with different lengths, and the lengths of the two third radiation branches are respectively one-quarter wavelength of the central frequency of two working frequency bands of the GNSS antenna;
and the third feed circuit board is also provided with a corresponding low-noise amplifying circuit, and the metal radiation arm is connected with the low-noise amplifying circuit.
The first V2X antenna comprises a fourth radiation circuit board and a fourth feed circuit board, wherein the fourth feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the fourth radiation circuit board is vertically arranged on the fourth feed circuit board;
a dipole antenna array is arranged on one side surface of the fourth radiation circuit board and comprises two dipoles which are arranged side by side up and down; and a first filter matching circuit is arranged on the fourth feed circuit board, and the dipole antenna array is connected with the first filter matching circuit.
The second communication antenna is a 4G or 5G main antenna and comprises a fifth radiation circuit board and a fifth feed circuit board, the fifth feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the fifth radiation circuit board is vertically arranged on the fifth feed circuit board;
and a folded monopole antenna is arranged on the fifth radiation circuit board and comprises a plurality of fifth radiation branches with different lengths, and the length of each fifth radiation branch is one-quarter wavelength of the central frequency of the 4G or 5G working frequency band.
The second V2X antenna comprises a sixth radiation circuit board and a sixth feed circuit board, wherein the sixth feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the sixth radiation circuit board is vertically arranged on the sixth feed circuit board;
a dipole antenna array is arranged on one side surface of the sixth radiation circuit board and comprises two dipoles which are arranged side by side up and down; and a second filter matching circuit is arranged on the sixth feed circuit board, and the dipole antenna array on the sixth radiation circuit board is connected with the second filter matching circuit.
Further, the antenna also comprises a flat reflector arranged behind the second V2X antenna, and the reflector is vertically arranged on the sixth feeding circuit board or the antenna base and is used for improving the out-of-roundness of the second V2X antenna pattern.
The second radiation circuit board and the fifth radiation circuit board are arranged along a first direction, the fourth radiation circuit board, the sixth radiation circuit board and the reflector are arranged along a second direction, the first direction is the direction extending from the front to the rear of the antenna housing, and the second direction is the direction perpendicular to the first direction.
A positioning antenna for a shark fin-shaped vehicle-mounted antenna is a GPS antenna or a GNSS antenna and comprises a radiation base and a third feed circuit board, wherein the radiation base is vertically arranged on the third feed circuit board;
the utility model discloses a radiation base, including radiation base, many metal radiation arms, every metal radiation arm winding sets up radiation base's surface is last and is the heliciform and rises, and every metal radiation arm includes the third radiation minor matters that two lengths are different, the length of two third radiation minor matters is the quarter of the central frequency of two operating frequency channels of GPS antenna or GNSS antenna respectively.
According to the vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna of the embodiment, the vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna comprises a shark fin-shaped antenna cover and an antenna base, an accommodating cavity is formed between the antenna cover and the antenna base, and the vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna further comprises a first positioning antenna, a first communication antenna, a second positioning antenna, a first V2X antenna, a second communication antenna and a second V2X antenna which are arranged on the antenna base. Wherein, first location antenna, first communication antenna, second location antenna, first V2X antenna, second communication antenna and second V2X antenna set gradually along the place ahead of radome to the rear and hold the intracavity, and the place ahead of radome is the direction of the radome fish head of fin shape, and the rear of radome is the direction of the radome fish tail of fin shape. The working frequency and the receiving and transmitting characteristics of each antenna are comprehensively considered, the arrangement mode of the combined antennas is provided on the basis of not changing the appearance shape of the shark fin antenna, main antennas required by the Internet of things automobile, such as a positioning antenna, a communication antenna and a V2X antenna are integrated in a containing cavity of the shark fin antenna, stable communication and accurate positioning of the Internet of things automobile are guaranteed, meanwhile, mutual coupling influence among the antennas is reduced to the minimum in the modes of optimizing layout, adding a filter circuit, a reflector and the like, a directional diagram of the antenna is optimal, the simultaneous normal work of the multiple antennas is guaranteed, and the requirements of stable communication and accurate positioning are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a combined antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first communication antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first V2X antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second communication antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second V2X antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph of isolation simulation for an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9a is a simulation diagram of out-of-roundness of a combined antenna according to an embodiment of the present application without adding a reflector;
fig. 9b is a simulation diagram of the out-of-roundness of the combined antenna with the reflector according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered with like associated elements. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings).
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, according to the requirements of high-speed communication and stable positioning of the existing internet-of-things automobile, a combination mode of multiple antennas is provided, and the combination mode specifically comprises a first positioning antenna, a second positioning antenna, a first communication antenna, a second communication antenna, a first V2X antenna and a second V2X antenna. One of the first positioning antenna and the second positioning antenna is a high-precision positioning antenna, and the other one of the first positioning antenna and the second positioning antenna is a low-precision positioning antenna. Meanwhile, one of the first communication antenna and the second communication antenna is a main antenna, one of the first communication antenna and the second communication antenna is an auxiliary antenna, wireless communication of the automobile in the working process can be guaranteed through combination of the two antennas, guarantee is provided for technologies needing accurate positioning such as existing unmanned driving, and finally the requirement of communication of the Internet of things is guaranteed through the first V2X antenna and the second V2X antenna. The permutation order of the combination antenna of this embodiment both considered the height of antenna element to rise in proper order from the front to back, accords with the appearance of shark fin antenna house, considers the mutual influence between the antenna again, for example the distance between the same operating frequency antenna pulls open and satisfies the isolation requirement for influence is eliminated between each antenna almost, has guaranteed the stable work of each antenna.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 of the drawings, a,
the embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna, and as shown in fig. 1, the combined antenna comprises a shark fin-shaped antenna housing 1 and an antenna base 2, and an accommodating cavity is formed between the antenna housing 1 and the antenna base 2. This combination antenna is still including setting up first location antenna 3 on antenna base 2, first communication antenna 4, second location antenna 5, first V2X antenna 6, second communication antenna 7 and second V2X antenna 8, first location antenna 3, first communication antenna 4, second location antenna 5, first V2X antenna 6, second communication antenna 7 and second V2X antenna 8 set gradually in the intracavity that holds that is formed by radome 1 and antenna base 2 along the place ahead to the rear of radome, the place ahead of radome 1 is the direction of the radome fish head of fish fin shape, the rear of radome is the direction of the radome fish tail of fish fin shape. The working frequency and the receiving and sending characteristics of each antenna are comprehensively considered, the arrangement mode of the combined antenna is provided on the basis of not changing the appearance shape of the shark fin antenna, main antennas required by the Internet of things automobile, such as the positioning antenna, the communication antenna and the V2X antenna, are integrated in the accommodating cavity of the shark fin antenna, stable communication and accurate positioning of the Internet of things automobile are guaranteed, meanwhile, mutual coupling influence among the antennas is reduced to the minimum through the arrangement mode, the directional diagram of the antenna is optimal, the simultaneous normal work of the antennas is guaranteed, and the requirements of stable communication and accurate positioning are met.
As shown in fig. 2, the first positioning antenna 3 disposed at the forefront in this embodiment is a GPS antenna, and includes a ceramic antenna 31 and a first feeding circuit board 32; the ceramic antenna 31 comprises a rectangular radiating plate 311 with a cut corner, namely, one corner of the rectangular radiating plate 311 is designed into a bevel edge form, a low-noise amplifying circuit is arranged on a first feed circuit board 32, the first feed circuit board 32 is arranged at the front end of the antenna base 2, namely, the position close to the shark head is the minimum height position for accommodating the front end of a cavity, the ceramic antenna in the embodiment adopts single feed point feed, the ceramic antenna 31 is welded together with the low-noise amplifying circuit through a feed pin, the low-noise amplifying circuit is composed of active and passive devices which are attached to the first feed circuit board 32 through a surface and used for filtering and amplifying a GPS, and the first feed circuit board 32 is fixed on the antenna base 2 through screws. In this way, the first positioning antenna 3 occupies a small space height, just suitable for being arranged close to the shark's head.
As shown in fig. 3, the first communication antenna 4 of this embodiment is a 4G sub-antenna, which includes a second radiation circuit board 41 and a second feed circuit board 42, the second feed circuit board 42 is disposed on the antenna base 2 and is located behind the first feed circuit board 32 and adjacent to the first feed circuit board 32, the second radiation circuit board 41 is vertically disposed on the second feed circuit board 42, the 4G sub-antenna is etched on the second radiation circuit board 41, the 4G sub-antenna is in the form of an inclined monopole antenna, which includes a plurality of second radiation branches 411 and 412 with different lengths, so as to widen the bandwidth of the 4G sub-antenna, and the lengths of the second radiation branches 411 and 412 are quarter wavelengths of the center frequency of the 4G working frequency band. The second radiation circuit board 41 is vertically fixed on the second feeding circuit board 42 on the antenna base 2 by welding, and the second feeding circuit board 42 is provided with a matching element, that is, the second feeding circuit board 42 is provided with a corresponding low-pass filter circuit, and the low-pass filter circuit is connected with the antenna, so that the performance of the 4G secondary antenna can be adjusted. Meanwhile, the portion of the second radiation circuit board close to the radome 1 is provided with an inclined edge 413 matched with the radome 1, and according to the appearance of the shark fin-shaped radome 1, the space height of the accommodating cavity is gradually increased, so that the inclined edge is designed at the right angle in front of the second radiation circuit board 41, and the shape of the radome is matched.
As shown in fig. 4, the second positioning antenna 5 of the present embodiment is a GNSS antenna, and includes a radiation base and a third feeding circuit board 52, the third feeding circuit board 52 is disposed on the antenna base 2 and behind the second radiation circuit board 41, and the radiation base is vertically disposed on the third feeding circuit board 52. In particular, in order to save space, adapt to the shape of a shark fin-shaped radome, and ensure the length of the antenna, the radiation base is designed as a hollow frustum with a large bottom and a small top, four metal radiation arms 51 are etched on the outer surface of the radiation base at equal intervals, the four metal radiation arms 51 are wound on the outer surface of the radiation base and rise spirally, each metal radiation arm 51 comprises two third radiation branches 511 and 512 with different lengths, and the lengths of the two third radiation branches 511 and 512 respectively correspond to the quarter wavelength of the center frequency of two working frequency bands of the GNSS antenna. The radiation base of this embodiment adopts flexible high frequency circuit board book to close the shaping or adopts plastics injection moulding, and this radiation base antenna form can utilize the space of shark fin-shaped antenna house 1 plane to the at utmost, guarantees the length of the metal radiation arm 51 that can set up for the antenna obtains good positioning performance. Meanwhile, the radiation base is welded and fixed on a third feed circuit board 52 on the antenna base 2, a low-noise amplification circuit corresponding to the GNSS antenna signal is also arranged on the third feed circuit board 52, and the metal radiation arm 51 is connected with the low-noise amplification circuit, and the low-noise amplification circuit is used for filtering and amplifying the GNSS signal.
As shown in fig. 5, the first V2X antenna 6 includes a fourth radiation path board 61 and a fourth feed path board 62, the fourth feed path board 62 is soldered on the antenna base 2, the fourth feed path board 62 is disposed behind and adjacent to the third feed path board 52, and the fourth radiation path board 61 is soldered on the fourth feed path board 62 vertically. In the embodiment, the first V2X antenna 6 is in the form of a dipole antenna array, that is, a dipole antenna array is disposed on one side surface of the fourth radiation path plate 61, and includes two dipoles 611 disposed side by side up and down, and after the two dipoles 611 disposed side by side up and down are combined, the antenna obtains a higher antenna gain. In addition, a first filter matching circuit 621 is arranged on the fourth feeding circuit board 62, the dipole 611 antenna array is connected with the first filter matching circuit 621, and the first filter matching circuit 621 is used for improving the isolation between the first V2X main antenna and the second communication antenna 7 in a high-pass filtering manner, so as to avoid mutual interference between the two antennas and influence on the working performance of the antennas.
As shown in fig. 6, the second communication antenna 7 of this embodiment is a 4G main antenna, and the 4G main antenna and the 4G auxiliary antenna cooperate with each other to improve communication stability and efficiency. The 4G main antenna includes a fifth radiation wiring board 71 and a fifth feed wiring board 72, the fifth feed wiring board 72 is disposed on the antenna base 2 and behind the fourth feed wiring board 62, adjacent to the fourth feed wiring board 62, and the fifth radiation wiring board 72 is vertically soldered on the fifth feed wiring board 72. The 4G main antenna in this embodiment is formed by etching on the fifth radiation circuit board 71 in the form of a folded monopole antenna, and includes a plurality of fifth radiation branches 711 and 712 with different lengths, where the lengths of the fifth radiation branches 711 and 712 are a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the 4G or 5G operating band. In addition, a matching circuit 721 is provided on the fifth feed circuit board 72, and the matching circuit 721 and the 4G antenna on the fifth radiation circuit board 71 are connected by soldering. The matching circuit 721 is a low-pass filter circuit, and the matching circuit 721 widens the operating frequency band of the antenna in an impedance matching manner of discrete components, and can also improve the isolation between the antennas in a filtering manner.
In other embodiments, in order to meet the requirement of the existing 5G communication network, the first communication antenna 4 may be a 5G auxiliary antenna, and the second communication antenna 7 may be a 5G main antenna, so as to ensure that the combined antenna can perform high-speed communication in a 5G network environment.
Among them, as shown in fig. 7, the second V2X antenna 8 includes a sixth radiation wiring board 81 and a sixth feed wiring board 82, and the sixth feed wiring board 82 is disposed on the antenna base 2, and particularly disposed behind and adjacent to the fifth feed wiring board 72. The sixth radiation wiring board 81 is vertically soldered on the sixth feed wiring board 82, and the antenna structure is etched on the vertical sixth radiation wiring board 81. The second V2X antenna 8 in this embodiment also adopts a dipole antenna array, specifically, a dipole antenna array is disposed on one side surface of the sixth radiation circuit board 81, and includes two dipoles 811 arranged side by side up and down, and after the two dipoles 811 arranged up and down are combined, a higher antenna gain is obtained. In addition, a second filter matching circuit 821 is arranged on the sixth feed circuit board, the dipole 821 antenna array is connected with the second filter matching circuit 821, and the filter matching circuit 821 is used for improving the isolation between the second V2X antenna 8 and the 4G main antenna in a high-pass filtering mode. The height of the second V2X antenna 8 is slightly higher than the height of the first V2X antenna 6.
In the present embodiment, the first V2X antenna 6 is set as the V2X main antenna, the second V2X antenna 8 is set as the V2X sub-antenna, and the height of the V2X sub-antenna is slightly higher than that of the V2X main antenna. In other embodiments, the first V2X antenna 6 may be provided as a V2X secondary antenna and the second V2X antenna 8 may be provided as a V2X primary antenna.
Further, a reflector 9 made of a metal material is further provided behind the second V2X antenna 8, the reflector 9 is plate-shaped, the reflector 9 is provided on the sixth feeder board 82, and the reflector 9 may be provided on the antenna base 2 in other embodiments. This has the technical advantage that the second communication antenna 7 is shielded in front of the second V2X antenna 8, and the influence on the forward gain of the antenna can be seen from fig. 9a, which results in the deterioration of the out-of-roundness of the antenna, and by disposing a reflector in the rear, the influence of the front antenna can be cancelled to some extent, and the out-of-roundness of the V2X secondary antenna pattern is improved.
In the present embodiment, in order to reasonably set the antennas in the accommodating cavity formed by the shark fin-shaped radome 1 and the antenna base 2, in the present embodiment, the second radiation circuit board 41 and the fifth radiation circuit board 71 are disposed along a first direction, the fourth radiation circuit board 61, the sixth radiation circuit board 81, and the reflector 9 are disposed along a second direction, the first direction is a direction extending from the front to the rear of the radome, the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the corresponding antennas are etched on the surfaces of the radiation circuit boards. Meanwhile, in other embodiments, a plurality of feed circuit boards disposed on the antenna base 2 may also be replaced by a single circuit board, and a plurality of module circuits are designed on the circuit board, and different module circuits correspond to different antennas. In addition, in the present embodiment, the heights of the first positioning antenna 3, the first communication antenna 4, the second positioning antenna 5 and the first V2X antenna 6 are sequentially increased from front to back, the height of the second communication antenna 7 is substantially equal to that of the first V2X antenna 6, the height of the second V2X antenna 8 is greater than that of the second communication antenna 7, the height of the reflector 9 is lower than that of the second V2X antenna 8, and the height of the reflector 9 is substantially equal to that of the first communication antenna 4.
As shown in fig. 8, in the present embodiment, by adding filter matching circuits to the 4G antenna and the V2X antenna, specifically, adding high-pass filter circuits to the V2X main antenna and the V2X auxiliary antenna, it is possible to filter out extraneous low-frequency signals to a large extent; and a low-pass filter circuit is added in the 4G main antenna and the 4G auxiliary antenna, so that the extraneous high-frequency signals can be filtered to a great extent. This improves the isolation between the 4G antenna and the V2X antenna. As can be seen from the figure, for the 5.9GHz band of the V2X antenna, the high-pass filter ensures that the reflection coefficient of the high-pass filter in the working band reaches more than-30 dB, and good matching is obtained, while the low-frequency band which is not needed, such as the 2.3-27GHz band of the 4GLTE band, is close to total reflection, namely, only high-frequency signals are passed, and low-frequency signals are filtered. The reflection coefficient of the LTE frequency band of the 4G antenna in the 2.3-27GHz frequency band reaches more than-30 dB, and the unnecessary high frequency band such as the 5.9GHz frequency band is close to total reflection, namely, only low-frequency signals are passed, and high-frequency signals are filtered.
Referring to fig. 9a and 9b, by placing the reflector 9 behind the V2X sub-antenna 8, it can be seen from simulation that the out-of-roundness of the combined antenna is improved by more than 3dB, which is a great improvement in the omni-directionality of signal reception in each direction in the use scenario.
Example two:
referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a positioning antenna for a shark fin-shaped vehicle-mounted antenna, where the positioning antenna (i.e. the second positioning antenna 5 in embodiment 1) is a GNSS antenna, and includes a radiation base and a third feeding board 52, the third feeding board 52 is disposed on the antenna base 2, and the radiation base is vertically disposed on the third feeding board 52. In particular, in order to save space, adapt to the shape of a shark fin-shaped radome, and ensure the length of the antenna, the radiation base is designed as a hollow frustum with a large bottom and a small top, in other embodiments, the radiation base may also be conical, four metal radiation arms 51 are etched on the outer surface of the radiation base at equal intervals, the four metal radiation arms 51 are wound on the outer surface of the radiation base and spirally ascend, each metal radiation arm 51 includes two third radiation branches 511 and 512 with different lengths, and the lengths of the two third radiation branches 511 and 512 respectively correspond to a quarter wavelength of the center frequency of two working frequency bands of the GNSS antenna.
The radiation base of this embodiment adopts flexible high frequency circuit board book to close the shaping or adopts plastics injection moulding, and this radiation base antenna form can utilize the space of shark fin-shaped antenna house 1 plane to the at utmost, guarantees the length of the metal radiation arm 51 that can set up for the antenna obtains good positioning performance. Meanwhile, the radiation base is welded and fixed on a third feed circuit board 52 on the antenna base 2, a low-noise amplification circuit corresponding to the GNSS antenna signal is also arranged on the third feed circuit board 52, and the metal radiation arm 51 is connected with the low-noise amplification circuit, and the low-noise amplification circuit is used for drying and amplifying the GNSS signal.
The location antenna of this embodiment holds the intracavity at the antenna of limited shark fin form, designs the hollow frustum of big-end-up with the radiation base, and the antenna etching has increased the length of antenna like this at the surface of radiation base, can utilize the space of 1 plane of shark fin antenna house to the at utmost, guarantees the length of the metal radiation arm 51 that can set up for the antenna obtains good location performance.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna comprises a shark fin-shaped antenna housing and an antenna base, wherein an accommodating cavity is formed between the antenna housing and the antenna base, and the vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna is characterized by further comprising a first positioning antenna, a first communication antenna, a second positioning antenna, a first V2X antenna, a second communication antenna and a second V2X antenna which are arranged on the antenna base;
first location antenna, first communication antenna, second location antenna, first V2X antenna, second communication antenna and second V2X antenna along the place ahead of antenna house sets gradually to the rear hold the intracavity, the place ahead of antenna house does the direction of the antenna house fish head of shark fin shape, the rear of antenna house is the direction of the antenna house fish tail of shark fin shape.
2. The on-board multi-system combined antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first positioning antenna is a GPS antenna including a ceramic antenna and a first feeder board;
the ceramic antenna comprises a rectangular radiation piece with a corner cut, a low-noise amplification circuit is arranged on a first feed circuit board, the first feed circuit board is arranged at a position, close to the front of an antenna housing, on an antenna base, and the ceramic antenna is arranged on the first feed circuit board and connected with the low-noise amplification circuit.
3. The on-vehicle multisystem combination antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first communication antenna is a 4G or 5G sub-antenna, which includes a second radiation circuit board and a second feed circuit board, the second feed circuit board is disposed on the antenna base, and the second radiation circuit board is vertically disposed on the second feed circuit board;
the second radiation circuit board is close to the part of antenna house, be provided with the hypotenuse of antenna house adaptation, be equipped with many second radiation minor matters that length is different on the second radiation circuit board, the length of second radiation minor matters is the quarter wavelength of 4G or 5G operating frequency's central frequency.
4. The on-board multisystem combination antenna according to claim 3, wherein the second positioning antenna is a GNSS antenna, which includes a radiation base and a third feed board, the third feed board being disposed on the antenna base, the radiation base being vertically disposed on the third feed board;
the radiation base is a hollow cone or a frustum with a large lower part and a small upper part, a plurality of metal radiation arms are arranged on the outer surface of the radiation base at equal intervals, the metal radiation arms are wound on the outer surface of the radiation base and rise spirally, each metal radiation arm comprises two third radiation branches with different lengths, and the lengths of the two third radiation branches are respectively one-quarter wavelength of the central frequency of two working frequency bands of the GNSS antenna;
and the third feed circuit board is also provided with a corresponding low-noise amplifying circuit, and the metal radiation arm is connected with the low-noise amplifying circuit.
5. The on-board multi-system combined antenna of claim 4, wherein the first V2X antenna comprises a fourth radiation patch panel and a fourth feed patch panel, the fourth feed patch panel being disposed on the antenna base, the fourth radiation patch panel being disposed vertically on the fourth feed patch panel;
a dipole antenna array is arranged on one side surface of the fourth radiation circuit board and comprises two dipoles which are arranged side by side up and down; and a first filter matching circuit is arranged on the fourth feed circuit board, and the dipole antenna array is connected with the first filter matching circuit.
6. The on-vehicle multi-system combined antenna according to claim 5, wherein the second communication antenna is a 4G or 5G main antenna, and comprises a fifth radiation circuit board and a fifth feed circuit board, the fifth feed circuit board is arranged on the antenna base, and the fifth radiation circuit board is vertically arranged on the fifth feed circuit board;
and a folded monopole antenna is arranged on the fifth radiation circuit board and comprises a plurality of fifth radiation branches with different lengths, and the length of each fifth radiation branch is one-quarter wavelength of the central frequency of the 4G or 5G working frequency band.
7. The on-vehicle multi-system combined antenna according to claim 6, wherein the second V2X antenna comprises a sixth radiation patch panel and a sixth feed patch panel, the sixth feed patch panel is disposed on the antenna base, and the sixth radiation patch panel is vertically disposed on the sixth feed patch panel;
a dipole antenna array is arranged on one side surface of the sixth radiation circuit board and comprises two dipoles which are arranged side by side up and down; and a second filter matching circuit is arranged on the sixth feed circuit board, and the dipole antenna array on the sixth radiation circuit board is connected with the second filter matching circuit.
8. The on-vehicle multi-system combination antenna according to claim 7, further comprising a flat plate-like reflector disposed behind the second V2X antenna, the reflector being disposed vertically on the sixth feeder board or antenna base for improving out-of-roundness of the second V2X antenna pattern.
9. The on-vehicle multi-system combination antenna according to claim 8, wherein the second radiation patch panel and the fifth radiation patch panel are arranged in a first direction, and the fourth radiation patch panel, the sixth radiation patch panel and the reflector are arranged in a second direction, the first direction being a direction in which a front to a rear of the radome extends, the second direction being a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
10. A positioning antenna for a shark fin-shaped vehicle-mounted antenna is characterized in that the positioning antenna is a GPS antenna or a GNSS antenna and comprises a radiation base and a third feed circuit board, wherein the radiation base is vertically arranged on the third feed circuit board;
the utility model discloses a radiation base, including radiation base, many metal radiation arms, every metal radiation arm winding sets up radiation base's surface is last and is the heliciform and rises, and every metal radiation arm includes the third radiation minor matters that two lengths are different, the length of two third radiation minor matters is the quarter of the central frequency of two operating frequency channels of GPS antenna or GNSS antenna respectively.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911191104.4A CN110880636A (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and positioning antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911191104.4A CN110880636A (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and positioning antenna |
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| CN110880636A true CN110880636A (en) | 2020-03-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911191104.4A Pending CN110880636A (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Vehicle-mounted multi-system combined antenna and positioning antenna |
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| CN112542691A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-23 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | High-integration vehicle-mounted antenna group |
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