CN110878413B - High-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 72
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing C powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, W powder, V powder, ferrosilicon and CeO2Mixing the powders, vacuum melting, and pulverizing by gas atomization method, wherein N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process. Then screening out a certain size, and carrying out vacuum packaging to obtain the product. The laser cladding layer obtained by the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding has excellent hardness; when the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is used for laser cladding, the material utilization rate is high, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding.
Background
Laser cladding is a surface modification technology, which adds cladding material on the surface of a base material, fuses the cladding material with a thin layer on the surface of the base material by using a laser beam with high energy density, and forms a cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the base material on the surface of the base material.
The relative position of a laser spot and a powder spot is changed by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, the powder is in a molten or semi-molten state on a molten pool by using laser with a small spot and high power density, and the powder is rapidly solidified to form a cladding layer which has extremely low dilution rate and is metallurgically bonded with a matrix. Compared with the traditional laser cladding, when cladding a thin coating, the cladding linear velocity and the cladding speed are greatly improved, the cladding layer has good smoothness and high hardness, and has wide application space in the field of shaft part repair or surface modification to replace electroplating.
Compared with the common laser cladding technology, the ultra-high speed laser cladding has small spot density and larger cladding linear speed, so that the cladding layer is in an extremely hot and extremely cold state, and larger residual stress is generated in the cladding layer. As the hardness of the cladding layer increases, the brittleness of the cladding layer increases, resulting in a very easy cracking of the cladding layer. The cracking problem of the high-hardness and high-wear-resistance cladding layer limits the popularization and application of ultra-high-speed laser cladding, and particularly replaces the electroplating technology which seriously pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which has reasonable component ratio, so that a cladding layer forms an iron-based cladding layer with good toughness and high hardness under the condition of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, and can replace electroplating during thin-layer cladding.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the purity of the alloy powder of each raw material component is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 0.6-1.0% of C powder and 3-7% of Cr powder according to mass percentage4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: and (4) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a preparation method of high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which aims at designing the iron-based high-hardness powder for an ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process.
(2) The reasonable component proportion in the method ensures that the cladding layer forms an iron-based cladding layer with good toughness and high hardness under the condition of ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, and can replace electroplating when cladding a thin layer.
(3) In the method of the present invention, the particle size of the powder is selected to be 25-53 μm (270-500 mesh). When the powder has larger granularity, the powder has good fluidity but is infusible and is easy to block the powder feeding nozzle; when the powder is small in particle size, the powder is poor in fluidity and is easily disturbed by protective gas and splashed to a protective lens. After comprehensive test, the invention selects powder with the granularity of 25-53 mu m.
(4) According to the method, through designing reasonable component proportion and matching with the characteristics of rapid heating and rapid cooling of ultra-high-speed laser cladding, the obtained cladding layer structure mainly comprises martensite, and reinforced particle phases of carbides of different types are generated in situ. High-melting-point carbides are formed by adding a large amount of strong carbide forming elements Mo, W and V into the powder, and the high-melting-point carbides serve as nucleating agents to promote the spheroidization of the carbides. In addition, different types of carbides are generated in situ in the cladding layer by different elements, and the carbides exist in a fine and dispersed form under the condition of extreme cold, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer material are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a macroscopic metallographic structure morphology of a cladding layer obtained when high-hardness iron-based powder for high-speed laser cladding prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention is laser clad on 45 steel;
fig. 2 is a metallographic structure morphology of a cladding layer obtained when the high-hardness iron-based powder for high-speed laser cladding prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention is laser clad on 45 steel, and the cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.
The purity of the alloy powder of each raw material component is more than or equal to 99 percent.
The function and function of the main alloy components in the iron-based powder are as follows:
CeO2the rare earth elements can purify grain boundary, improve carbide distribution, and can also be used as nucleating agent to refine grains.
Si element can improve the wettability of the iron-based cladding metal and the matrix, and is beneficial to the formation of the cladding layer. However, the Si content is not too high, otherwise, a hard phase of Si is formed, and the toughness of the cladding layer is obviously reduced.
Cr element can react with C to form Cr23C6And Cr7C3The hardness and the wear resistance of the cladding layer metal can be improved by using the hard compounds;
mo, W and V elements can form high-melting-point carbides in the cladding layer, and the high-melting-point carbides serve as nucleating agents to promote spheroidization of the carbides.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO according to mass percentage20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size range of 25-53 mu m (270-500 meshes), wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
Example 1
Step 1: respectively weighing 0.6 percent of C powder, 3 percent of Cr powder, 4 percent of Mo powder, 4 percent of W powder, 1 percent of V powder, 0.5 percent of Si powder and CeO powder according to mass percentage20.4 percent of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept at 100 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size of 25 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 1 is used for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on a 45 steel substrate, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) machining the surface of the substrate, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(3) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(4) preheating a substrate area which is just melted and coated by flame at 200-300 ℃, reducing the temperature gradient of the area and reducing the cracking sensitivity;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min. After cladding, the final cladding area is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton, so that slow cooling of the cladding layer is realized, and cracks are avoided.
The Rockwell hardness of the cladding metal was tested to be 52 HRC.
Example 2
Step 1: respectively weighing 1.0 percent of C powder, 7 percent of Cr powder, 8 percent of Mo powder, 8 percent of W powder, 3 percent of V powder, 1.5 percent of Si powder and CeO powder according to mass percentage20.8 percent of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept at 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size of 53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 40s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 1 is used for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on a 45 steel substrate, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) machining the surface of the substrate, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(3) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(4) preheating a substrate area which is just melted and coated by flame at 200-300 ℃, reducing the temperature gradient of the area and reducing the cracking sensitivity;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min. After cladding, the final cladding area is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton, so that slow cooling of the cladding layer is realized, and cracks are avoided.
The Rockwell hardness of the cladding metal was tested to be 63 HRC.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 2 is clad on 45 steel, the macroscopic metallographic structure of a weld joint of a cladding layer is shown in figure 1, and figure 2 shows the metallographic structure morphology of the cladding layer and a 45 steel matrix. According to the metallographic picture, the cladding layer and the 45 steel substrate are separated by a fusion line, the fusion line is clear, common defects such as cracks and air holes are not found near the fusion line, the cladding layer is mainly composed of cellular dendrites, and the dendrites are fine.
Example 3
Step 1: respectively weighing 0.7 percent of C powder, 4 percent of Cr powder, 5 percent of Mo powder, 5 percent of W powder, 2 percent of V powder, 0.8 percent of Si powder and CeO powder according to mass percentage20.5 percent of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept at 120 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size of 30 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 30s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 3 is used for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on a 45 steel substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining the surface of the substrate, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(3) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(4) preheating a substrate area which is just melted and coated by flame at 200-300 ℃, reducing the temperature gradient of the area and reducing the cracking sensitivity;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min. After cladding, the final cladding area is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton, so that slow cooling of the cladding layer is realized, and cracks are avoided.
The Rockwell hardness of the cladding metal was tested to be 55 HRC.
Example 4
Step 1: respectively weighing 0.8 percent of C powder, 5 percent of Cr powder, 6 percent of Mo powder, 6 percent of W powder, 2.5 percent of V powder, 1.0 percent of Si powder and CeO powder according to mass percentage20.6 percent of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept at 110 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size of 52 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 4 is used for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on a 45 steel substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining the surface of the substrate, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(3) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(4) preheating a substrate area which is just melted and coated by flame at 200-300 ℃, reducing the temperature gradient of the area and reducing the cracking sensitivity;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min. After cladding, the final cladding area is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton, so that slow cooling of the cladding layer is realized, and cracks are avoided.
The Rockwell hardness of the cladding metal was tested to be 57 HRC.
Example 5
Step 1: respectively weighing 0.9 percent of C powder, 6 percent of Cr powder, 7 percent of Mo powder, 7 percent of W powder, 2.8 percent of V powder, 1.3 percent of Si powder and CeO powder according to mass percentage20.7 percent of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2: mixing the above raw materials, and vacuum melting with N2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept at 100 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the particle size of 33 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 35s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out vacuum packaging on the prepared powder for later use.
The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding prepared in example 5 is used for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding on a 45 steel substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining the surface of the substrate, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(3) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(4) preheating a substrate area which is just melted and coated by flame at 200-300 ℃, reducing the temperature gradient of the area and reducing the cracking sensitivity;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min. After cladding, the final cladding area is wrapped by heat-insulating cotton, so that slow cooling of the cladding layer is realized, and cracks are avoided.
The Rockwell hardness of the cladding metal was tested to be 59 HRC.
The alloy powder is controlled to be 1.0 percent of C powder, 7 percent of Cr powder, 8 percent of Mo powder, 8 percent of W powder, 3 percent of V powder, 1.5 percent of Si powder and 0.8 percent of CeO powder by mass percentage through optimization2And under the condition that the powder and the balance are Fe, a high-speed laser cladding 45 steel plate can be adopted to obtain a cladding layer with good forming effect, minimum defects and better mechanical property.
Claims (2)
1. The high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%;
the purity of the alloy powder of each raw material component is more than or equal to 99 percent.
2. A preparation method of high-hardness iron-based powder for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 0.6-1.0% of C powder, 3-7% of Cr powder, 4-8% of Mo powder, 4-8% of W powder, 1-3% of V powder, 0.5-1.5% of Si powder, and CeO according to mass percentage20.4-0.8% of powder and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder obtained in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range;
and 4, step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
in step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, and N is used2As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes;
the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
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