CN113789510B - Powder for laser cladding of transition layer of copper-steel composite plate, method and groove form - Google Patents
Powder for laser cladding of transition layer of copper-steel composite plate, method and groove form Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate is specially used for laser cladding of the transition layer in the butt welding process of the copper-steel explosive composite plate, and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate. Also provides a preparation method of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate and a groove form of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate, a preparation method of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate and a groove form of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate.
Background
With the continuous development of modern industry, the service environment of the structure is developing to high temperature, low temperature and corrosive working conditions, which requires that the material has multiple properties. The bimetal composite structure is produced according to the requirements of the working conditions. The copper-steel bimetal composite board is prepared by an explosive welding mode, and has high strength, excellent heat conduction performance and excellent electric conduction performance. Meanwhile, the combination of the copper and the aluminum alloy can reduce the consumption of copper and greatly reduce the production cost. However, in engineering applications of copper-steel composite panels, it has been found difficult to achieve their welded connections. The reason for this is the vastly different thermophysical properties of the two. During copper welding, preheating is often needed, and common steel materials can be welded without preheating. Preheating also results in a risk of cracking at the copper-steel interface. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of cracking of the interface of the copper-steel composite plate and improve the butt joint quality of the composite plate, an advanced welding method is urgently needed to be adopted and matched with a matched transition layer material for connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate, which is specially used for laser cladding of the transition layer in the butt welding process of the copper-steel explosive composite plate and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a groove form of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method of powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material powders weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized raw material powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range;
and 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 2, the gas atomization method is specifically as follows: by means of vacuum smelting equipment with N 2 The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m.
In the step 3, the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
According to the third technical scheme, the groove form of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate is adopted, the copper-steel composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the groove on the copper side is 60 degrees, the angle of the groove on the steel side is 60 degrees, and the extending length of the copper side at the interface is 1-1.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the powder for laser cladding is suitable for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate.
(2) The powder for laser cladding of the present invention mainly contains Ni, Nb, Mo, Si, W and Ag, wherein Ni is the main component, and excellent weldability between Ni and Cu and between Ni and Fe is utilized. The addition of Nb in the powder can further improve the bonding strength of the transition layer and the steel matrix; the addition of Si is beneficial to improving the wettability of the transition layer and a surrounding matrix during laser cladding; the addition of Ag helps to lower the melting point of the transition layer; w is added mainly to form a hard phase in the transition layer and to improve the strength of the transition layer.
(4) The groove form designed by the invention is convenient for powder to enter the groove during laser cladding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a groove form in welding of a copper-steel composite plate using the powder for laser cladding of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sequence of welding copper-steel composite panels using the powder for laser cladding of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the powder for laser cladding prepared in embodiment 2;
fig. 4 is a metallographic structure morphology diagram of a transition layer when laser cladding powder prepared in embodiment 2 is welded on a copper-steel composite plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The main alloy components in the powder for laser cladding have the following functions:
ni element is the main alloy element of the powder for laser cladding, and the binary phase diagram of Ni-Fe and Ni-Cu shows that the weldability between Ni and Fe and between Ni and Cu is good, so when the powder is used for carrying out laser cladding on the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, the powder is better combined with a bottom copper welding seam and a surrounding steel matrix.
The Nb element and the Mo element act similarly to each other, and mainly suppress the formation of a brittle phase in the Ni-based transition layer.
The addition of Si and Ag elements can improve the wettability of the cladding metal and the matrix, and is beneficial to the formation of the cladding layer. However, the Si content is not too high, otherwise, a hard phase of Si is formed, and the toughness of the cladding layer is obviously reduced.
The W powder is high-melting-point powder and mainly contributes to forming a dispersed hard phase in the laser cladding process; in addition, the high melting point characteristic of W also contributes to a heterogeneous nucleation core as a nucleation of the Ni matrix, thereby playing a role in refining the crystal grains.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material powder weighed in the step 1, performing vacuum melting, and preparing powder by adopting a gas atomization method;
in the step 2, the gas atomization method is specifically as follows: by means of vacuum smelting equipment with N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
and step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized raw material powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain particle size range;
in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g;
and 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The invention also provides a bevel form of the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate in the welding process of the copper-steel composite plate, wherein the copper-steel composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped bevel, the angle of the bevel on the copper side is 60 degrees, the angle of the bevel on the steel side is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1-1.5 mm.
Example 1
Step 1: 10 percent of Nb powder, 8 percent of Mo powder, 1 percent of Si powder, 1 percent of W powder, 5 percent of Ag powder and the balance of Ni are weighed according to the mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adding N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder, and screening the metal powder with the particle size range of 25-53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate prepared in the embodiment 1 is used for laser cladding on the groove of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the copper side groove is 60 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1 mm. The groove size is shown in fig. 1, and the welding sequence is shown in fig. 2;
(2) machining the surface of the groove, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) firstly, welding a copper layer by adopting a TIG welding mode, wherein the welding material is ERCuSi-Al (the diameter is 1.2mm), and the current is 200A;
(3) polishing the surface of the copper welding seam by using an angle grinder to be flat, and ensuring that the copper welding seam is flush with the surrounding copper interface;
(4) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder for (-270 to +500 meshes), and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(5) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min.
(6) The steel side is welded by TIG welding, the welding material is ER50-6 welding wire (diameter is 1.2mm), and the welding current is 150A.
Tests show that the tensile strength of the welded joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 432MPa, and the elongation is 11%.
Example 2
Step 1: weighing 20% of Nb powder, 10% of Mo powder, 5% of Si powder, 3% of W powder, 10% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adding N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 120 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) screening the atomized alloy powder to obtain metal powder with the granularity of 25-53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate prepared in the embodiment 2 is used for laser cladding on the groove of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the copper side groove is 60 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1 mm. Groove sizes are shown in fig. 1, and welding sequence is shown in fig. 2.
(2) Machining the surface of the groove, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) firstly, welding a copper layer by adopting a TIG welding mode, wherein the welding material is ERCuSi-Al (the diameter is 1.2mm), and the current is 220A;
(3) polishing the surface of the copper welding seam by using an angle grinder to be flat, and ensuring that the copper welding seam is flush with the surrounding copper interface;
(4) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(5) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min.
(6) The steel side is welded by TIG welding, the welding material is ER50-6 welding wire (diameter is 1.2mm), and the welding current is 150A.
Through tests, the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 440MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
The morphology of the nickel-based powder for laser cladding prepared in example 2 under a scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the sphericity of the powder is better. When the prepared powder for laser cladding is used for welding the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, the metallographic structure of the transition layer is shown in figure 4. According to the metallographic picture, the transition layer and the bottom copper welding seam are separated by a fusion line, the fusion line is clear, common defects such as cracks and air holes are not found near the fusion line, the transition layer is mainly composed of cellular dendrites, and the dendrites are fine.
Example 3
Step 1: weighing 15% of Nb powder, 9% of Mo powder, 3% of Si powder, 2% of W powder, 8% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adding N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder, and screening the metal powder with the particle size range of 25-53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate prepared in the embodiment 3 is used for laser cladding on the groove of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the copper side groove is 60 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1 mm. Groove sizes are shown in fig. 1, and welding sequence is shown in fig. 2.
(2) Machining the surface of the groove, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) firstly, welding a copper layer by adopting a TIG welding mode, wherein the welding material is ERCuSi-Al (the diameter is 1.2mm), and the current is 250A;
(3) polishing the surface of the copper welding seam by using an angle grinder to be flat, and ensuring that the copper welding seam is flush with the surrounding copper interface;
(4) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder for (-270 to +500 meshes), and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(5) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min.
(6) The steel side is welded by TIG welding, the welding material is ER50-6 welding wire (diameter is 1.2mm), and the welding current is 160A.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 395MPa, and the elongation is 19%.
Example 4
Step 1: weighing 20% of Nb powder, 8.5% of Mo powder, 4% of Si powder, 3% of W powder, 7% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
And 2, step: mixing the raw material alloy powder weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adding N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 120 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And 3, step 3: and (3) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder, and screening the metal powder with the particle size range of 25-53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate prepared in the embodiment 4 is used for laser cladding on the groove of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the copper side groove is 60 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1 mm. Groove sizes are shown in fig. 1, and welding sequence is shown in fig. 2.
(2) Machining the surface of the groove, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) firstly, welding a copper layer by adopting a TIG welding mode, wherein the welding material is ERCuSi-Al (the diameter is 1.2mm), and the current is 240A;
(3) polishing the surface of the copper welding seam by using an angle grinder to be flat, and ensuring that the copper welding seam is flush with the surrounding copper interface;
(4) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(5) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min.
(6) The steel side is welded by TIG welding, the welding material is ER50-6 welding wire (diameter is 1.2mm), and the welding current is 160A.
Through tests, the tensile strength of the welding joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 407MPa, and the elongation is 16%.
Example 5
Step 1: weighing 17% of Nb powder, 8% of Mo powder, 2% of Si powder, 3% of W powder, 5% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: mixing the raw material alloy powder weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adding N 2 As atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
And step 3: and (3) carrying out particle size screening on the atomized alloy powder, and screening the metal powder with the particle size range of 25-53 mu m, wherein the flowability of the powder is required to be 25-40 s/100 g.
And 4, step 4: and (5) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (5) for later use.
The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate prepared in the embodiment 5 is used for laser cladding on the groove of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) the composite plate is provided with a single-side V-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the copper side groove is 60 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 60 degrees, and the extension length of the copper side at the interface is 1.5 mm. The welding sequence is shown in fig. 2.
(2) Machining the surface of the groove, and removing surface stains by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) firstly, welding a copper layer by adopting a TIG welding mode, wherein the welding material is ERCuSi-Al (the diameter is 1.2mm), and the current is 200A;
(3) polishing the surface of the copper welding seam by using an angle grinder to be flat, and ensuring that the copper welding seam is flush with the surrounding copper interface;
(4) preheating the prepared powder at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, sieving the powder by (-270 to +500 meshes) and then putting the powder into a powder feeder;
(5) adjusting the relative position of the equipment and the workpiece, and setting a cladding path;
(5) laser cladding, wherein the laser cladding power is set to be 6kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the powder feeding speed is 100g/min, and the lap joint rate of a cladding layer is 85%; argon is selected as the shielding gas, and the cladding linear speed is 50 m/min.
(6) The steel side is welded by TIG welding, the welding material is ER50-6 welding wire (diameter is 1.2mm), and the welding current is 160A.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welded joint of the copper-steel composite plate is 451MPa, and the elongation is 10%.
Claims (5)
1. The powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
2. A preparation method of powder for laser cladding of a transition layer of a copper-steel composite plate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 10.0-20.0% of Nb powder, 8.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 1.0-5.0% of Si powder, 1.0-3.0% of W powder, 5.0-10.0% of Ag powder and the balance of Ni according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the raw material powders weighed in the step 1, then carrying out vacuum melting, and adopting a gas atomization method to prepare powder;
and 3, step 3: carrying out particle size screening on the atomized raw material powder;
and 4, step 4: and (4) carrying out vacuum packaging on the powder prepared in the step (3) for later use.
3. The method for preparing the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the powder is prepared by a gas atomization method, and specifically comprises the following steps: by means of vacuum smelting equipment with N 2 The atomizing pressure is 6MPa as atomizing gas, and the superheat degree of the melt is kept between 100 and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
4. The method for preparing the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 μm.
5. The method for preparing the powder for laser cladding of the transition layer of the copper-steel composite plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the flowability requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100 g.
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| CN101249591A (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2008-08-27 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Nickel-based welding wire and preparation technique thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101143411A (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-19 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Copper-containing high-strength high-toughness low alloy steel welding wire used for submerged arc welding |
| CN101249591A (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2008-08-27 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Nickel-based welding wire and preparation technique thereof |
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