CN108559990A - A kind of tool steel powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating - Google Patents
A kind of tool steel powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN108559990A CN108559990A CN201711406913.3A CN201711406913A CN108559990A CN 108559990 A CN108559990 A CN 108559990A CN 201711406913 A CN201711406913 A CN 201711406913A CN 108559990 A CN108559990 A CN 108559990A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tool steel metal powders for superelevation rate laser melting coating, belong to steel material manufacturing field, and above-mentioned metal pulverization composition quality score is：1.4-1.8%C, 3.0-8.0%Cr, 1.0-3.0%Mo, 3.0-7.5%V, 8.0-14.0%W, 6.0-12.0%Co, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.The powder size is distributed：10 100 μm, D50：25 50 μm, mobility：31 45s/100g, composition of raw material alloying proportioning, then carry out vacuum melting steel ingot, using Frequency Induction Heating melted steel ingot, working chamber's vacuum degree 10‑1‑10‑2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, 1.8 3.8MPa of gases argon pressure of dusting receives to carry out sizing after powder.Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups carries out surface manufacture and reparation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material fields, and in particular to a kind of tool steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating
End.
Background technology
Conventional laser melting and coating technique has many advantages, such as bond strength height, and thermal deformation is small, and can be by adjusting powdered ingredients
Cladding layer capability needed for obtaining, therefore start to realize in all conglomeraties and apply, but the technology processing efficiency is relatively low, cladding speed
Rate is generally 0.5 ~ 3m/min, and powder using efficiency is low, and general 50% or so, and focusing laser energy passes through on basis material
Fusing basis material mixes and combining powder, this makes laser energy utilizing rate and cladding rate low, powder and matrix material
Still it is solid granulates when material combines, finished surface smoothness is poor.Due to its inefficiency, of high cost, limits its and extensive produce
Industry application, and bottleneck problem urgently to be resolved hurrily at present.
Meanwhile the powder used in conventional laser cladding has corresponding granularity.The particle size powders are conveyed through cladding head and are converged
Afterwards, amyloid plaque diameter is usually larger.
Invention content
The present invention relates to a kind of superelevation rate laser cladding methods, especially tool steel metal powder used in this method
End.Superelevation rate laser melting coating is a kind of Surface-micromachining process, by synchronous powder feeding system adding material mode, utilizes the line of high-energy-density
The substrate material surface that added material is moved with high-speed is set to melt simultaneously, and quickly formation dilution rate is extremely low after solidification, with base
Body is in the cladding layer of metallurgical binding, and cladding rate is greatly improved, significantly improves the wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-of substrate material surface
The process of the operational characteristiies such as oxidation.
Compared with conventional low rate high speed cladding, superelevation rate laser melting coating high energy beam small part energy acts on matrix
Shallower molten bath is formed on material, and most of energy has acted on dusty material, makes powder temperature before entering molten bath
It rises to fusing point and melts, combined in droplets with basis material, so that the processing of ultrahigh speed laser melting coating is more molten than tradition
It covers efficiency and improves 40 times to hundreds of times.
Correspondingly, superelevation rate laser melting coating proposes powder new requirement.Such as the following index of powder all exists
New requirement：1. particle size range, the size of metal powder granulates are usually characterized with the diameter of particle；2. mobility, refer to
A certain amount of powder flows through the standard funnel required time of predetermined hole diameter to indicate, the unit of generally use is s/50g, number
It is worth the smaller mobility for illustrating the powder better；3. sphericity, the shape degree similar with sphere of particle；4.D50 describing powder
The index of last average particle size, the cumulative particle sizes percentile for referring to a sample reach grain size corresponding when 50%.
It should be noted that the tool steel of the application refers to manufacturing cutting tool, measurer, mold and wear resistant tools
Steel.Tool steel has higher hardness and can keep high rigidity and red hardness and high wearability and appropriate at high temperature
Toughness is the good coat material being modified for wear-resisting environmental surfaces.Ultrahigh speed in the present invention is relative to existing laser
For cladding speed, which specifically refers to laser scanning linear velocity and is more than or equal to 25m/min.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of tool steel powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating,
The mass fraction of each element is：1.4-1.8%C, 3.0-8.0%Cr, 1.0-3.0%Mo, 3.0-7.5%V, 8.0-14.0%W,
6.0-12.0%Co, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；Wherein, the D50 of the powder is
25-50 μm, mobility 31-45s/100g.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the preferred 4.0-5.5% of the preferred 9.0-12.0% of W, Co preferred 7.0-10.0%, V.
According to an aspect of the present invention, which is：10-100μm.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing above-mentioned superelevation rate laser melting coating tool steel powder is：Raw material
Composition alloyization matches, and vacuum melting steel ingot is then carried out, using Frequency Induction Heating melted steel ingot, working chamber vacuum degree 10-
1-10-2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, dust gases argon pressure 1.8-3.8MPa, receives to carry out granularity sieve after powder
Point.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the control of vacuum degree has significant impact for indexs such as powder oxygen content, and dust gas
The pressure control of argon gas is to control the core parameter of powder size, sphericity and powder formation rate, need comprehensively according to liquid stream situation and
Each period of dusting makes accurate adjustment.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and
It repairs.
According to an aspect of the present invention, superelevation rate laser cladding method of the invention is as follows：
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique
Number：1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate
30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of single layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows：
1. the metal powder is arranged in pairs or groups with preferred alloy content, superelevation rate laser melting coating is can adapt to, cladding layer can be fine and close
It is combined with matrix to consolidation, cladding layer has excellent wear-resisting property, economic performance good.
2. laser melting coating surface processing speed can be greatly improved in ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating technique, obtain surfacing it is smooth,
The cladding layer of pore-free, flawless, the technology have a particular/special requirement to indexs such as metal powder granularity, mobility, involved by the present invention
And superelevation rate laser melting coating with tool steel powder be suitable for the processing technology.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but is not limited to the following example.Target in embodiment
The mass fraction of each element is as shown in table 1 in product, and performance parameter is as shown in table 2, and Application Example carries out superelevation rate laser
It is as shown in table 3 that rear surface performance is processed in cladding.
1 superelevation rate laser melting coating tool steel powder ingredient of table（Mass fraction, %）
| Embodiment | C | Cr | Mo | V | W | Co | P | S | Fe |
| Embodiment 1 | 1.42 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 9.2 | 7.5 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 2 | 1.55 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 9.2 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | Surplus |
| Embodiment 3 | 1.67 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 13.5 | 11.6 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.03 | Surplus |
2 superelevation rate laser melting coating tool steel powder performance parameter of table
| Embodiment | Granularity μm | Mobility s/50g | Sphericity % | D50/μm |
| Embodiment 1 | 10-100 | 18 | 93 | 44 |
| Embodiment 2 | 10-100 | 16 | 98 | 41 |
| Embodiment 3 | 10-100 | 16 | 97 | 39 |
3 superelevation rate laser melting coating of table processes rear surface performance
| Embodiment | Case hardness（HRC） | Wear-resisting property improves percentage % | Service life extends percentage % |
| Embodiment 1 | 51 | 110 | 152 |
| Embodiment 2 | 62 | 146 | 181 |
| Embodiment 3 | 71 | 187 | 221 |
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide tool steel metal powder used in a kind of superelevation rate laser cladding method and this method.It should
Ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating process, includes the following steps：
The small part energy of control laser acts on basis material upper surface and forms shallower molten bath, the effect of laser major part energy
On the alloy powder above basis material；
Alloy powder temperature before entering molten bath rises to fusing point and melts, and instills molten bath and basis material knot in droplets
It closes.
It is understood that since traditional technique is all that focusing laser energy is melted densification on basis material
Matrix itself melts the needs of the time spent by matrix and greatly increases, this is dramatically under the effect of identical laser energy
Cladding speed is limited, the utilization rate of powder is reduced, on the contrary, laser energy is dexterously acted on alloy powder in the present invention
On so that powder is combined in such a way that drop is non-particulate with basis material, has both reduced the waste of expensive powder, more improve
Cladding speed obtains higher combined with firmness and surface flatness.Laser energy is acted on alloy powder and for example may be used
To be realized by controlling and adjusting the focal position of laser energy.
Preferably, alloy powder instills cold by basis material itself after molten bath is combined with basis material in droplets
But it solidifies.
Preferably, focusing laser beam makes 80% or more laser energy act on alloy powder.
Preferably, laser defocusing amount 1 ~ 2mm above basis material, laser light are set relative to the upper surface of basis material
Spot size 1.0 ~ Φ of Φ 1.5mm.
Preferably, the mass fraction of tool steel metal powder each element is：1.42%C, 3.2%Cr, 1.6%Mo, 3.8%V,
9.2%W, 7.5%Co, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, which is：10-100 μm, mobility：18 s/50g, sphericity >=93%, D50=
44μm。
Preferably, powder size section is 15 ~ 45 μm.Sphericity >=94%, Han Yang Liang≤150ppm.Mobility is 20s/
50g.Hollow powder rate ＜ 1%.
Preferably, a kind of tool steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating, the matter of each element are additionally provided
Measuring score is：1.4-1.8%C, 3.0-8.0%Cr, 1.0-3.0%Mo, 3.0-7.5%V, 8.0-14.0%W, 6.0-12.0%
Co, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；Wherein, the D50 of the powder is 25-50 μm, stream
Dynamic property is 31-45s/100g.
Preferably, the preferred 9.0-12.0% of W.
Preferably, the preferred 7.0-10.0% of Co.
Preferably, the preferred 4.0-5.5% of V.
Preferably, preparation method is：Composition of raw material alloying matches, and vacuum melting steel ingot is then carried out, using intermediate frequency
Sensing heating melts steel ingot, working chamber's vacuum degree 10-1-10-2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, gases argon pressure of dusting
1.8-3.8MPa receives to carry out sizing after powder.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and
It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique
Number：1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate
30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of single layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
In target product in the mass fraction of each element such as table 1 shown in embodiment 1.The performance parameter of embodiment 1 such as 2 institute of table
Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 1 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Embodiment 2
The mass fraction of its each element is：1.55%C, 4.8%Cr, 2.4%Mo, 4.9%V, 11.1%W, 9.2%Co, P≤0.030%, S
≤ 0.030%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The metal powder grain size is：10-100 μm, mobility：16s/50g, sphericity >=98%, D50=41μm。
Preparation method is：Composition of raw material alloying matches, and vacuum melting steel ingot is then carried out, using Frequency Induction Heating
Melted steel ingot, working chamber's vacuum degree 10-1-10-2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, gases argon pressure of dusting 1.8-
3.8MPa receives to carry out sizing after powder.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and
It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique
Number：1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate
30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of single layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
In target product in the mass fraction of each element such as table 1 shown in embodiment 2.The performance parameter of embodiment 2 such as 2 institute of table
Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 2 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Embodiment 3
The mass fraction of its each element is：1.67%C, 6.7%Cr, 3.5%Mo, 6.8%V, 13.5%W, 11.6%Co, P≤0.030%,
S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The metal powder grain size is：10-100 μm, mobility：16s/50g, sphericity >=97%, D50=39μm。
Preparation method is：Composition of raw material alloying matches, and vacuum melting steel ingot is then carried out, using Frequency Induction Heating
Melted steel ingot, working chamber's vacuum degree 10-1-10-2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, gases argon pressure of dusting 1.8-
3.8MPa receives to carry out sizing after powder.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and
It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique
Number：1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate
30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of single layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
In target product in the mass fraction of each element such as table 1 shown in embodiment 3.The performance parameter of embodiment 3 such as 2 institute of table
Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 3 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Compared with traditional laser melting and coating technique, ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating process has dramatically different, high energy in principle
Beam small part energy, which acts on basis material, forms shallower molten bath, and most of energy has acted on dusty material, makes
Powder temperature before entering molten bath rises to fusing point and melts, and instills molten bath in droplets and is combined with basis material, then according to
By matrix itself cooled and solidified.Based on this principle, ultrahigh speed laser melting coating substantially reduces powder fusing time, to make to melt
It covers efficiency to significantly improve, generally can reach 10 times of conventional laser cladding or more.Correspondingly, particle enhancing powder metal composition is poly-
Focal length matrix surface can reach 0.2 ~ 2mm, and for the powder after cladding head conveying convergence, amyloid plaque size is smaller, such as can
To reach 0.5 ~ 1mm of Φ, it can adapt to and realize that laser scanning linear velocity is more than or equal to 25m/min.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of superelevation rate laser melting coating tool steel metal powder, it is characterised in that the mass fraction of its each element is：
1.4-1.8%C, 3.0-8.0%Cr, 1.0-3.0%Mo, 3.0-7.5%V, 8.0-14.0%W, 6.0-12.0%Co, P≤
0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein the D50 of the powder is 25-50 μm, and mobility is
31-45s/100g。
2. metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：W 9.0-12.0%.
3. metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Co 7.0-10.0%.
4. metal powder according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：V4.0-5.5%.
5. metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Size distribution is：10-100μm.
6. metal powder according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Sphericity >=94%.
7. metal powder according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Han Yang Liang≤150ppm.
8. the metal powder as described in claim 1-7, which is characterized in that hollow powder rate ＜ 1%.
9. the preparation method of metal powder according to claims 1-8, which is characterized in that this method is：Composition of raw material closes
Aurification matches, and vacuum melting steel ingot is then carried out, using Frequency Induction Heating melted steel ingot, working chamber's vacuum degree 10-1-10- 2Pa, using aerosolization method powder, dust gases argon pressure 1.8-3.8MPa, receives to carry out sizing after powder.
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| CN111097908A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-05 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Screw rod of injection molding machine and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
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Application publication date: 20180921 |