CN108118333A - A kind of powder of stainless steel for superelevation rate laser melting coating - Google Patents

A kind of powder of stainless steel for superelevation rate laser melting coating Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108118333A
CN108118333A CN201711403806.5A CN201711403806A CN108118333A CN 108118333 A CN108118333 A CN 108118333A CN 201711403806 A CN201711403806 A CN 201711403806A CN 108118333 A CN108118333 A CN 108118333A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
powder
laser melting
melting coating
rate
laser
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CN201711403806.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王淼辉
范斌
葛学元
郭瑞峰
杜博睿
梁金明
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Beijing Institute Of Light Quantitative Science And Research Co Ltd
Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing Institute Of Light Quantitative Science And Research Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711403806.5A priority Critical patent/CN108118333A/en
Publication of CN108118333A publication Critical patent/CN108118333A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B22F1/0003
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of stainless steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating, belong to steel material manufacturing field, and above-mentioned metal pulverization composition quality fraction is:0.01-0.45%C, 11.0-20.0%Cr, 6.0-14.0%Ni, 0.8-2.0%Mn, 0.6-1.2%Si, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.The powder size is distributed:10 100 μm, D50:25 50 μm, mobility:32‑45 s/100g.Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups carries out surface manufacture and reparation.

Description

A kind of powder of stainless steel for superelevation rate laser melting coating
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material fields, and in particular to a kind of stainless steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating End.
Background technology
Conventional laser melting and coating technique has bond strength high, and hot quantity is small, deforms the advantages that small, and can be by adjusting powder Cladding layer capability needed for last ingredient acquisition, therefore start to realize in all conglomeraties and apply, but the technology processing efficiency is relatively low, Cladding rate is generally 0.5 ~ 3m/min, and powder using efficiency is low, and general 50% or so, and focusing laser energy is in basis material On, mixed and combining powder by melting basis material, this so that laser energy utilizing rate and cladding rate are low, powder with It is still solid granulates when basis material combines, finished surface smoothness is poor.Due to its inefficiency, of high cost, it is big to limit it Scale industrialization application and bottleneck problem urgently to be resolved hurrily at present.
Meanwhile the powder used in conventional laser cladding has corresponding granularity.The particle size powders are conveyed through cladding head and converged Afterwards, amyloid plaque diameter is usually larger.
The content of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of superelevation rate laser cladding method, stainless steel metal powder especially used in this method End.Superelevation rate laser melting coating is a kind of Surface-micromachining process, by synchronous powder feeding system adding material mode, utilizes the line of high-energy-density The substrate material surface that added material is moved with high-speed is made to melt simultaneously, and quickly formation dilution rate is extremely low after solidification, with base Body is in the cladding layer of metallurgical binding, and cladding rate is greatly improved, significantly improves the wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-of substrate material surface The process of the operational characteristiies such as oxidation.
Compared with conventional low rate high speed cladding, superelevation rate laser melting coating high energy beam small part energy acts on matrix Shallower molten bath is formed on material, and most of energy has been acted on dusty material, makes powder temperature before molten bath is entered It rises to fusing point and melts, combined in droplets with basis material, so that the processing of ultrahigh speed laser melting coating is more molten than tradition It covers efficiency and improves 40 times to hundreds of times.
Correspondingly, superelevation rate laser melting coating proposes powder new requirement.Such as the following index of powder all exists New requirement:1. particle size range, the size of metal powder granulates are usually characterized with the diameter of particle;2. mobility, refer to A certain amount of powder flows through the standard funnel required time of predetermined hole diameter to represent, the unit of generally use is s/50g, is counted It is worth the mobility of the smaller explanation powder better;3. sphericity, the shape of the particle degree similar to sphere;4.D50 powder is described The index of last particle mean size, the cumulative particle sizes percentile for referring to a sample reach grain size corresponding when 50%.
It should be noted that the stainless steel of the application refers to the steel of the corrosion such as resistance to air, steam, water, contain high-content The alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, there is excellent corrosion resistance and antioxygenic property, be modified for anti-corrosion environmental surfaces it is good Good coating material.Ultrahigh speed in the present invention is for existing laser melting coating speed, which specifically refers to Laser scanning linear velocity is more than or equal to 25m/min.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of stainless steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating End, the mass fraction of each element are:0.01-0.45%C, 11.0-20.0%Cr, 6.0-14.0%Ni, 0.8-2.0%Mn, 0.6-1.2%Si, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity;Wherein, the average grain of the powder Footpath D50 is 25-50 μm, and mobility is 32-45 s/100g.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the preferred 10.0-14.0% of the preferred 16.0-18.0% of Cr, Ni.
According to an aspect of the present invention, which is:10-100μm32-45 s/100g.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the control of vacuum degree has significant impact for indexs such as powder oxygen content, and dust gas The pressure control of argon gas be control powder size, sphericity and powder formation rate core parameter, it is necessary to comprehensively according to liquid stream situation and Each period of dusting makes accurate adjustment.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and It repairs.
According to an aspect of the present invention, superelevation rate laser cladding method of the invention is as follows:
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique Number:1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate 30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of individual layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:
1. the metal powder is arranged in pairs or groups with preferred alloy content, superelevation rate laser melting coating is can adapt to, cladding layer can be fine and close It is combined with matrix, cladding layer has excellent corrosion resistance, and economic performance is good consolidation.
2. laser melting coating surface processing speed can be greatly improved in ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating technique, obtain surfacing it is smooth, The cladding layer of pore-free, flawless, the technology have the indexs such as metal powder granularity, mobility a particular/special requirement, involved by the present invention And superelevation rate laser melting coating with powder of stainless steel be suitable for the processing technology.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but is not limited to the following example.Target in embodiment The mass fraction of each element is as shown in table 1 in product, and performance parameter is as shown in table 2, and Application Example carries out superelevation rate laser Cladding processing rear surface performance is as shown in table 3.
1 superelevation rate laser melting coating stainless steel metal powdered ingredients of table(Mass fraction, %)
Embodiment C Cr Ni P S Mn Si Fe
Embodiment 1 0.05 16.5 13.0 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 1.5 1.0 Surplus
Embodiment 2 0.14 17.8 12.3 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 1.7 0.9 Surplus
Embodiment 3 0.08 17.2 13.8 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 1.2 0.7 Surplus
Table 2 superelevation rate laser melting coating stainless steel metal powder property parameter
Embodiment Granularity μm Mobility s/50g Sphericity % D50/μm
Embodiment 1 10-100 17 94 45
Embodiment 2 10-100 16 95 42
Embodiment 3 10-100 16 97 38
3 superelevation rate laser melting coating of table processes rear surface performance
Embodiment The resisting salt fog corrosion time(h) Corrosion resisting property improves percentage % Service life extends percentage %
Embodiment 1 504 320 160
Embodiment 2 528 340 170
Embodiment 3 500 317 159
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide stainless steel metal powder used in a kind of superelevation rate laser cladding method and this method.It should Ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating process, comprises the following steps:
The small part energy of control laser acts on basis material upper surface and forms shallower molten bath, the effect of laser major part energy On the alloy powder above basis material;
Alloy powder is rising to fusing point into temperature before molten bath and is melting, and instills molten bath and basis material knot in droplets It closes.
It is understood that since traditional technique is all that focusing laser energy is melted densification on basis material Matrix in itself, under identical laser energy effect, melts the needs of the time spent by matrix and greatly increases, this is dramatically Cladding speed is limited, reduces the utilization rate of powder, on the contrary, laser energy dexterously is acted on alloy powder in the present invention On so that powder is combined in a manner that drop is non-particulate with basis material, has both reduced the waste of expensive powder, more improve Cladding speed obtains higher combined with firmness and surface flatness.Laser energy is acted on alloy powder and for example may be used To be realized by controlling and adjusting the focal position of laser energy.
Preferably, alloy powder instills cold by basis material itself after molten bath is combined with basis material in droplets But solidify.
Preferably, focusing on laser beam makes more than 80% laser energy act on alloy powder.
Preferably, laser defocusing amount 1 ~ 2mm above basis material, laser light are set compared with the upper surface of basis material Spot size 1.0 ~ Φ of Φ 1.5mm.
Preferably, the mass fraction of stainless steel metal powder each element is:0.05%C, 16.5%Cr, 13.0%Ni, P≤ 0.030%, S≤0.030%, 1.5%Mn, 1.0%Si, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, which is:10-100 μm, mobility:17 s/50g, the μ of sphericity >=94%, D50=45 m。
Preferably, powder size section is 15 ~ 45 μm.Sphericity >=94%, Han Yang Liang≤150ppm.Mobility is 20s/ 50g.Hollow powder rate < 1%.
Preferably, a kind of stainless steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating, the matter of each element are additionally provided Measuring fraction is:0.01-0.45%C, 11.0-20.0%Cr, 6.0-14.0%Ni, 0.8-2.0%Mn, 0.6-1.2%Si, P≤ 0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity;Wherein, the average grain diameter D50 of the powder is 25-50 μm, Mobility is 32-45 s/100g.
Preferably, the preferred 16.0-18.0% of Cr.
Preferably, the preferred 10.0-14.0% of Ni.
Preferably, size distribution is:10-100μm.
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
Preferably, the treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, using as follows Technological parameter:1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, Overlapping rate 30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of individual layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head have argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/ of argon flow amount min。
The mass fraction of each element is as shown in embodiment 1 in table 1 in target product.The performance parameter of embodiment 1 such as 2 institute of table Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 1 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Embodiment 2
The mass fraction of its each element is:0.14%C, 17.8%Cr, 12.3%Ni, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, 1.7%Mn, 0.9%Si, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The metal powder grain size is:10-100 μm, mobility:16s/50g, sphericity >=95%, D50=42μm。
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique Number:1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate 30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of individual layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
The mass fraction of each element is as shown in embodiment 2 in table 1 in target product.The performance parameter of embodiment 2 such as 2 institute of table Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 2 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Embodiment 3
The mass fraction of its each element is:0.08%C, 17.2%Cr, 13.8%Ni, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, 1.2%Mn, 0.7%Si, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
The metal powder grain size is:10-100 μm, mobility:16s/50g, sphericity >=97%, D50=38μm。
Using the powder after screening, using superelevation rate laser melting and coating technique, different process of arranging in pairs or groups, carry out surface manufacture and It repairs.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated to be machined out.
With acetone wiping parts to be processed surface, surface grease is removed.
Laser melting coating path planning is carried out according to piece surface geometry, formulates technological parameter.
The treatment of surfaces of components is treated using superelevation rate laser melting coating system and carries out cladding processing, is joined using following technique Number:1 ~ 2kw of laser power, spot diameter 1mm, 5 ~ 8kg/h of powder feeding rate, laser scan rate 20m ~ 500m/min, overlapping rate 30% ~ 40%, 25 ~ 500 μm of individual layer cladding thickness, laser melting coating head has argon gas defencive function, 15 ~ 30L/min of argon flow amount.
The mass fraction of each element is as shown in embodiment 3 in table 1 in target product.The performance parameter of embodiment 3 such as 2 institute of table Show.It is as shown in table 3 that Application Example 3 carries out superelevation rate laser melting coating processing rear surface performance.
Compared with traditional laser melting and coating technique, ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating process has dramatically different, high energy in principle Beam small part energy, which is acted on basis material, forms shallower molten bath, and most of energy has been acted on dusty material, is made Powder is rising to fusing point into temperature before molten bath and is melting, and instills molten bath in droplets and is combined with basis material, then according to By matrix itself cooled and solidified.Based on this principle, ultrahigh speed laser melting coating substantially reduces powder fusing time, so that molten It covers efficiency to significantly improve, generally can reach 10 times of conventional laser cladding or more.Correspondingly, powder focus point is apart from workpiece surface 0.2 ~ 2mm can be reached, for the powder after cladding head conveying convergence, amyloid plaque size is smaller, such as can reach 0.5 ~ 1mm of Φ, It can adapt to and realize that laser scanning linear velocity is more than or equal to 25m/min.

Claims (7)

  1. A kind of 1. stainless steel metal powder for superelevation rate laser melting coating, it is characterised in that the mass fraction of its each element For:0.01-0.45%C, 11.0-20.0%Cr, 6.0-14.0%Ni, 0.8-2.0%Mn, 0.6-1.2%Si, P≤0.030%, S≤0.030%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity;Wherein, the mean particle size D 50 of the powder is 25-50 μm, and mobility is 32-45 s/100g。
  2. 2. metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The preferred 16.0-18.0% of Cr.
  3. 3. metal powder according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The preferred 10.0-14.0% of Ni.
  4. 4. metal powder according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Size distribution is:10-100μm.
  5. 5. metal powder according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Sphericity >=94%.
  6. 6. metal powder according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Han Yang Liang≤150ppm32-45 s/100g.
  7. 7. the metal powder as described in claim 1-6, which is characterized in that hollow powder rate < 1%.
CN201711403806.5A 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 A kind of powder of stainless steel for superelevation rate laser melting coating Pending CN108118333A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115369401A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-22 岭澳核电有限公司 Corrosion-resistant layer material for laser cladding and preparation method and application thereof
CN115961219A (en) * 2021-10-12 2023-04-14 宁波匠心快速成型技术有限公司 Stainless steel material for 3D printing, and preparation method and application thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115961219A (en) * 2021-10-12 2023-04-14 宁波匠心快速成型技术有限公司 Stainless steel material for 3D printing, and preparation method and application thereof
CN115369401A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-22 岭澳核电有限公司 Corrosion-resistant layer material for laser cladding and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20180605