CN106191854B - A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN106191854B CN106191854B CN201610644126.1A CN201610644126A CN106191854B CN 106191854 B CN106191854 B CN 106191854B CN 201610644126 A CN201610644126 A CN 201610644126A CN 106191854 B CN106191854 B CN 106191854B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of control pore Ni-based coating, include the following steps: A: polishing, cleaning, decontamination；B: laser melting coating: nickel base powder is sent into matrix surface using coaxial powder feeding device, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively carrying out laser melting coating with laser scanning makes cladding molten bath form bubble；C: the coupling of Lorentz force body force: the cladding bath described in step B is formed in bubble, adjustable gradient Lorentz force is introduced simultaneously, the stomata that forms it into of profile adjustment is carried out in cladding layer to the bubble that step B process is formed and by surface to the inside depth direction distribution gradient or is evenly distributed.The method of the present invention influences the downward gradient of Lorentz force by adjusting the magnetic field intensity gradient of the DC current size and weld pool surface that are applied to substrate surface.It is not only does this apply to laser fusion covered nickel base coating, the form processing that welding, laser melting etc. generate molten bath can be applicable in simultaneously, it is applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of Ni-based coating, in particular to a kind of system of the adjustable Ni-based coating of lyriform pore gap
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Laser melting and coating technique has been increasingly used in industrial production as a kind of novel manufacturing technology.Molten
During covering, since moisture, carrier gas or the cladding material in environment are there are C, the elements such as Ti, cladding layer is often inevitable
Stomata is randomly generated.But it is also higher and higher to the performance requirement of coating with the increasingly harshness of use condition.In certain applied fields
In conjunction, meeting mechanical property requirements simultaneously, need to shock resistance, heat conductivity to cladding layer claim.According to pertinent literature
Research shows that in coating the quantity of stomata and distribution important influence is generated to above-mentioned performance, therefore need to be to stomata in cladding layer
It is adjusted.But it is simple by laser cladding technological parameter or powder technology is changed, be difficult to air vent content in cladding layer and
Distribution carries out quantitative control, and the present invention provides a kind of adjustable Ni-based coating preparation methods of hole in order to solve the above problem.
About externally-applied magnetic field to the control technique of laser welding and cladding process, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a series of
Research.Such as German Bachmann improves aluminum alloy piping welding Pool by static magnetic field, Bremen laboratory
The researchs such as Gatzen M discovery alternating magnetic field has an impact Elemental redistribution, but Lorentz force used by above-mentioned scholar is certainly
Body incudes Lorentz force, rather than additional Lorentz force and does not study stomata.The country also has numerous scholars to be unfolded to grind to it
Study carefully, such as disclosed file (CN102899661) proposes a kind of method using magnetic field assistant laser cladding, and this method feature is
Crystal grain orientation is obtained unanimously only with simple magnetic fields laser melting coating molten bath, fine and smooth uniform coating.Disclosed file
(CN102703897) a kind of method that the cladding of rotating excitation field auxiliary laser prepares Fe60 composite coating is proposed, because this method is adopted
With rotating excitation field, this but also internal Lorentz force be in cyclically-varying, exercising result often make microstructure of surface cladding layer,
Element, particle equal distribution are more uniform, cannot regulate and control the directed movement of stomata, particle etc., and are not directed to melting and coating process and magnetic field
Combinatorial regulation；Disclosed file (CN104195541), proposes the method and dress of a kind of electromagnetic complex field auxiliary laser cladding
It sets, method provided in file mainly uses electromagnetic complex field regulation and control object for tissue, particle, element, surface topography, is not directed to
The generation technique of laser melting coating bubble and to bubble motion regulate and control, both at home and abroad for outfield invention or research mostly wherein
It is moved in materials microstructure, performance, molten bath, and often avoids its generation for stomata as defect.
Summary of the invention
The defect that the present invention will overcome existing laser melting and coating technique that cannot regulate and control to gas cell distribution, provides a kind of control pore
The preparation method of Ni-based coating.
A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating of the present invention, includes the following steps:
A: polishing, cleaning, decontamination: carrying out grinding process to substrate surface, until to reach surface roughness small for surface-brightening
In Ra1.6, reuses acetone or alcohol carries out wiping cleaning and removes surface and oil contaminant, and dried in ventilation；
B: laser melting coating: nickel base powder is sent into substrate surface using coaxial powder feeding device, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively
Carrying out laser melting coating with laser scanning makes cladding molten bath form bubble, adjusts nickel base powder Ti, C content, powder by following parameter
Partial size, powder sphericity, the moisture content in protection gas simultaneously combine laser technical parameters to control cladding layer stomata quantity；
The nickel base powder mass fraction are as follows: Ni 50.0~55.0%, Cr 12.0~17.10%, C 0.08~
0.2%, Si 0~0.35%, Mn0~0.35%, S 0~0.018%, P0~0.015%, Al 0.30~0.70%, Ti
1.10~2%, Mo 2.8~3.30%, Nb 4.75~5.50%, surplus Fe；
Powder diameter d=50~150 μm；
The powder sphericity is 0.6~0.9；
Moisture content mass fraction is 0.05~2% in the protection gas；
The laser technical parameters control is 800~1800W in laser power；Scanning speed is 6~15mm/s；Protect gas
Flow is 10~80L/h；8~20g/min of powder sending quantity；
Usually under the above conditions, the stomata shape that the cladding layer generates is spherical shape, and diameter range is 5 μm~100 μm,
The total volume of the cladding layer stomata is the 0.1~5% of cladding layer total volume；
C: the coupling of Lorentz force body force: the cladding bath is allowed to be formed in bubble in step B (namely logical
Often described " blistering "), while adjustable gradient Lorentz force is introduced, carrying out profile adjustment to the bubble that step B process is formed makes
The stomata of bubble formation by surface to the inside depth direction distribution gradient or is evenly distributed in cladding layer, originally exists here
Bubble in fluid liquid, bubble is solidified forward position capture during laser scanning, is retained in cladding layer and forms stomata；Institute
The Lorentz force adjusting method stated are as follows: the DC current for being parallel to substrate surface is passed through in matrix, until the end of scan, electric current are close
Spending size is 0~106A/m2, meanwhile, matrix is placed in gradient steady magnetic field, until the end of scan, so that the magnetic of weld pool surface
Field intensity be 0~2T, magnetic field strength with molten bath depth increase and uniformly reduce, magnetic field strength decline gradient be 0.01~
0.06T/mm.Usually the protection gas is inert gas, such as argon gas.
Further, described matrix was connect with the external power supply that can provide DC current wait be connected to before laser melting coating.
The usual DC current is steady-state DC electric current, is provided by the big rated current battery of low pressure, i.e. external power supply
For the big rated current battery of low pressure, the voltage of the big rated current battery of low pressure is 2~6V, discharge capability: 300~
600Ah。
The preferably described nickel base powder mass fraction of the present invention are as follows: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%,
Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.
Further, the magnetic field is provided by electromagnet, and magnetic direction is parallel with cladding weld pool surface, both perpendicular to institute
State laser scanning direction, magnetic field gradient adjust by change double sided contacts rectangular shaped poles length and or width realize, it is described
The width of the rectangular shaped poles is 10mm~40mm, and the length is 80~120mm.
Further, the direction of the Lorentz force is passed through current direction by change or magnetic direction is adjusted.
For specifically, the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating, pushing away and depositing the laser power is 1600W,
Scanning speed is 10mm/s, powder sending quantity 10g/min, protection air-flow amount 20L/h, and cladding layer forms spherical porosity, by the above behaviour
Make, generated cladding layer spherical porosity diameter range is 5 μm~100 μm, generates stomata total volume and accounts for the 0.1 of cladding layer volume
~0.2%, and the random distribution of stomata, and cladding layer pattern is good, flawless.This programme is in step B technique and powder item
Under part, the cladding layer refers to the material for being covered on matrix surface by laser fusing and the painting of formation metallurgical bonding therewith
Layer.
Other laser coatings preparation methods are different from, the targeted regulation and control object of this method is stomata, dominant powder and guarantor
Protect gas preferred content further include: by adjusting nickel base powder Ti, C content is respectively 1.5% and 0.1%, and control is protected in gas
Moisture content is 2%, provides raw material for blistering to generate CO, CO2Equal gases, control nickel base powder partial size (50~75 μm) and ball
Shape degree (0.8~0.9) improves powder and protects the binding ability of moisture in gas, carries out " blistering " to cladding layer, and in bubble shape
Core applies Lorentz force in growth process, to accelerate or inhibit bubble motion, thus to number of bubbles in cladding layer and distribution
It is adjusted.
In general, the present invention, which adjusts magnetic field strength by step C, makes its 1~2T, current density 105~106A/m2, together
When make Lorentz force direction and cladding weld pool surface perpendicularly inward, this meeting so that bubble overflow quantity increase, obtain cladding layer
Middle remaining pore percent by volume 0~0.1% and it is distributed in cladding layer top；Pore-free available in this way or air vent content
Few Ni-based coating.
If we, which adjust magnetic field strength in step C, makes its 1~2T, current density 105~106A/m2, make simultaneously
Lorentz force direction is vertical with cladding weld pool surface outside, and bubble can be made to overflow quantity and reduced, residue gas hole body in cladding layer
Product percentage 5~20%, and it is distributed in cladding layer bottom.Ni-based coating remaining pore available in this way is more, and big
It is distributed in the relatively bottom of coating more.
If it is 0.1~0.5T that we, which adjust magnetic field strength, current density size is 0~105A/m2, while making long-range navigation
Hereby the vertical cladding weld pool surface in power direction is inside, this meeting is so that the energy of bubble forming core reduces, and bubble increases in the cladding molten bath
More, Lorentz force is smaller at this time, the drag of fluid account for it is leading, bubble by fluid agitation act on and make cladding layer stomata become
It obtains uniformly.
Specifically, the control pore Ni-based coating the preparation method comprises the following steps: the Lorentz force is in cladding molten bath
Region is intercoupled generations by magnetic field and electric field, and direction is perpendicularly inward or vertical outside with cladding weld pool surface, and it is electric to pass through adjusting
Current density value 0~106A/m2With 0~2T of magnetic field value so that Lorentz force value magnitude range be 0~2 × 106N/m3, adjust magnetic field
0.01~0.06T/mm of gradient, so that Lorentz force is distributed from a surface to the inside depth direction and in negative gradient, under Lorentz force
The gradient of drop is 102~105N/mm4。
The method of the present invention has the advantage that
1, the present invention by nickel base powder material content (C and/or Ti content), powder characteristics and protects gas water content and long-range navigation
Hereby power mutually adjusts combination, by orientation Lorentz force indirectly-acting in bubble, adjusts gas cell distribution with physical form, protects as far as possible
Former cated mechanical property and tissue characteristic have been stayed, the coating of different aperture can be obtained.
2, the present invention uses gradient Lorentz force body force, can both increase and overflow key sequence boundary to this bubble of weld pool surface
The control ability in region to significantly improve control effect, and can reduce Lorentz force to the shadow of molten bath bottom Bubble process
It rings.
3, the present invention can be by adjusting being applied to the DC current size of substrate surface and the magnetic field strength of weld pool surface
The downward gradient of Lorentz force is influenced, so as to adjust the hole in Ni-based coating, to adapt to different processing requests.This is not only
Suitable for laser fusion covered nickel base coating, it can be applicable in the form processing that welding, laser melting etc. generate molten bath, the scope of application simultaneously
Extensively.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of preparation facilities working state structure figure of control pore Ni-based coating of Fig. 1
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 2 embodiment 1
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 3 embodiment 2
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 4 embodiment 3
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 5 embodiment 4
(magnetic field gradient 0.01T/mm) cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of 5 Lorentz force of Fig. 6 embodiment is upward
(magnetic field gradient 0.06T/mm) cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of 6 Lorentz force of Fig. 7 embodiment is downward
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of 7 Lorentz force of Fig. 8 embodiment is upward
8 Lorentz force condition cladding layer longitudinal section stomata uniformly distributing of Fig. 9 embodiment
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content.
The embodiment of this case is even to be realized by following device, and as shown in Fig. 1, the device includes: 1- laser, 2-
The big rated current power supply of laser transmission channel, 3- feeding head, 4- work holder, 5- conducting wire, 6- low pressure, 7-coils around
Group, 8-rectangular shaped poles heads, 9-matrixes, 10-coil windings power supplys.
Specific connection type: laser 1 can be connect with laser transmission channel 2 by flexible optical fibre or flight light path, powder feeding
First 3 are located at right above matrix 9 with 2 coaxial combination of laser transmission channel, feeding head 3, and the big rated current power supply 6 of low pressure passes through conducting wire
5 and work holder 4 be connected with matrix 9, rectangular shaped poles head 8 is located at matrix two sides and combines with coil windings 7, coil windings with
Coil windings power supply 10 connects.
Matrix: being connected by specific embodiment with work holder first, has the substrate at horizontal position, and it is suitable to choose
Rectangular shaped poles head (according to different magnetic field gradient selected shape size) adjusts dual-magnetic head relative position until each cartridge and matrix side
Identity distance is from about 0.5mm.DC power supply switch is opened, electric current is adjusted, is passed through required current value in the base, opens coil windings electricity
Source simultaneously adjusts current value, magnetic field value needed for generating cartridge.After ready, start laser melting coating, feeding head is by set
Track is powered, logical magnetic is until cladding terminates, by the matrix processed taking-up in substrate surface cladding.
Embodiment 1
Laser melting coating substrate is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into the test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, surface
After oil removing, derusting, grinding process, roughness is less than Ra1.6, then is cleaned with acetone and remove surface and oil contaminant.Cladding powder is
The powder is put in drying box by Co-based alloy powder, is arranged 100 DEG C of temperature, drying time 60min.It is cooling to powder
Afterwards, it puts it into powder feeder, the sample to cladding is placed horizontally on workbench, opening laser generator, (power is
1600W), (powder sending quantity is for gas shield device (protection gas be argon gas, flow 20L/h, moisture content 0.05%) and powder feeder
10g/min), the scanning speed of 10mm/s carries out cladding according to default cladding track.Powder diameter is 50~75 μm, sphericity
0.8~0.9, wherein the nickel base powder mass fraction is are as follows: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn
0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Fig. 2 is above-mentioned
Cladding layer gas cell distribution figure under process conditions, diameter range are 60 μm~100 μm, and the total volume of the cladding layer stomata is cladding
About the 0.2% of layer total volume.
The cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure of embodiment 1 is shown in attached drawing 2.
Embodiment 2
The example is comparative example, water content in gas will be protected to be reduced to 0.04% in embodiment 1, powder chemistry ingredient (quality
Score, %) consistent with embodiment 1: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%,
P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Guarantee other technological parameters and embodiment 1
Unanimously, cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure (shown in Fig. 3) is obtained, wherein cladding layer stomata shape is spherical shape, diameter range 5
~10 μm, the total volume of the cladding layer stomata is about the 0.05% of cladding layer total volume；Comparison diagram 2 is it can be found that cladding layer
Stomata quantity is obviously reduced with hole diameter, illustrates to protect moisture content in gas to reduce, so that oxygen content is reduced in cladding layer, gas
Hole content significantly reduces.
Embodiment 3
The example is comparative example, only presses 1 conditional of embodiment, when nickel base powder partial size is increased to 150 μm to 180 μm, ball
Shape degree 0.8~0.9 keeps laser technology and powder chemistry composition embodiment 1 consistent, has obtained cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution
Scheme (shown in Fig. 4).Available when partial size increases to greater than 150 μm from figure, clad layer surface has micro- stomata, cladding layer stomata
Total volume be about the 0.05% of cladding layer total volume, illustrate the increase of partial size so that the carrier gas ability of particle surface reduces,
So as to cause air vent content reduction.
Embodiment 4
Referring to Fig. 5.The example is that comparative example is increased to nickel base powder particle sphericity about by 1 conditional of embodiment
0.98, and keep powder chemistry ingredient, partial size and embodiment 1 consistent, i.e., powder diameter is 50~75 μm, sphericity 0.8~
0.9, wherein cladding powder chemistry ingredient (mass fraction, %) are as follows: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn
0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Powder is put in
In drying box, it is arranged 100 DEG C of temperature, drying time 60min.Guarantee that other technological parameters and embodiment 1 are consistent, is melted
Coating longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure (shown in Fig. 5).It is available when sphericity increases from figure, despite the presence of micro- stomata, but gas
Hole number is significantly reduced compared with embodiment 1, the reason is that powder sphericity increases, carrier gas binding ability is reduced, so as to cause the external world
The content that gas enters molten bath changes, so that pore size and quantity reduce.Integrated embodiment 3,4 can obtain, and partial size exceeds
When 150 μm and sphericity are greater than 0.9, it is unfavorable for cladding layer " blistering ".
Embodiment 5
Referring to Fig. 6.By comparative example 1 and embodiment 2, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3, embodiment 1 and embodiment 4 can
Know, adjustment protection gas water content and powdered ingredients, powder sphericity and powder diameter will generate shadow to stomata quantity and size
It rings, but only relies on technique, be often difficult to be distributed it and control, therefore the present invention is in the success bubble of embodiment 1
Additional Lorentz force body force changes the equivalent buoyancy of bubble simultaneously, to achieve the purpose that quantitatively regulating and controlling is distributed.The present embodiment
Middle laser melting coating substrate is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into the test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, surface through oil removing,
It derusts, after grinding process, then cleaned with acetone.Described matrix before laser melting coating with can provide the external power supply of DC current
With wait be connected to, the DC current is steady-state DC electric current, external power supply is the big rated current battery of low pressure (battery rule for connection
Lattice are as follows: 6V, 600Ah).
Co-based alloy powder is put in drying box, is arranged 100 DEG C of temperature, drying time 60min.After powder is cooling,
It puts it into powder feeder, alloy powder chemical component (mass fraction, %) are as follows: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si
0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.
Powder diameter is 50~75 μm, sphericity 0.8~0.9.Open laser generator (power 1400W), gas shield device (argon
Throughput is 10L/h, moisture content 2%) and powder feeder (powder sending quantity 10g/min), with the scanning speed of 7mm/s according to default
Cladding track carries out cladding.Meanwhile it being passed through 10 in the base6A/m2Current density, matrix two sides magnetic field strength be 2T, magnetic field
The gradient of intensity decline is 0.01T/mm, forms the outside gradient Lorentz of vertical cladding weld pool surface in cladding molten bath zone
Power, downward gradient value is from weld pool surface to bottom 105N/m4.Due to the influence of Lorentz force, bubble is by additional downward
Power inhibits bubble to be discharged upwards, and final major part stomata integrated distribution is in the bottom of cladding coating, as shown in fig. 6, stomata in figure
Pore diameter range is 10~120 μm, and the total volume of the cladding layer stomata is about the 8% of cladding layer total volume.
Embodiment 6
Referring to Fig. 7 cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure.This only by embodiment 5 magnetic field strength decline gradient be
0.06T/mm, other laser technical parameters, powder parameter, protection gas, size of current and magnetic field size and embodiment 5 keep one
It causes, obtains gas cell distribution figure as shown in Figure 7.It can be with air vent aperture range for 10~120 μm, compared with Fig. 6 stomata quantity from figure
It is reduced, total volume accounts for about the 6% of cladding layer total volume.
Embodiment 7
Referring to Fig. 8.Lorentz force direction in embodiment 5 is only become vertical weld pool surface by this inside, other laser
Technological parameter, powder parameter, protection gas, size of current and magnetic field size and embodiment 5 are consistent, and are obtained as shown in Figure 8
Gas cell distribution figure.It can be found that stomata quantity is significantly reduced compared with Fig. 2,6 and 7 from figure, fine and close cladding layer, total volume are obtained
Account for about the 0 of cladding layer total volume.
Embodiment 8
Referring to Fig. 9.For the present embodiment on the basis of embodiment 5, applying current density size in the base is 105A/m2, magnetic field
Intensity 0.4T, magnetic field strength decline gradient be 0.01T/mm formed Lorentz force the vertical bath surface in direction inwards, under
Dropping gradient value is 400N/mm from weld pool surface to bottom4.Laser melting coating substrate is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into
The test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, surface are cleaned through oil removing, derusting, grinding process to Ra1.6, then with ethyl alcohol.By Ni-based conjunction
Bronze end is put in drying box, is arranged 100 DEG C of temperature, drying time 60min.After powder is cooling, put it into powder feeder,
Alloy powder chemical component (mass fraction, %) are as follows: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S
0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88% is consistent with embodiment 1.
Open laser generator (power 1400W), gas shield device (argon flow 10L/h, moisture content 2%) and powder feeder
(powder sending quantity 10g/min) carries out cladding according to default cladding track with the scanning speed of 10mm/s, obtains as shown in Figure 9
Stomata uniformly distributing, 10~100 μm of hole diameter, stomata total volume accounts for cladding layer total volume about 6%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating, includes the following steps:
A: polishing, cleaning, decontamination: carrying out grinding process to substrate surface, until surface-brightening reaches surface roughness and is less than
Ra1.6, reuses acetone or alcohol carries out wiping cleaning and removes surface and oil contaminant, and dries in ventilation；
B: laser melting coating: nickel base powder is sent into matrix surface using coaxial powder feeding device, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively with sharp
Optical scanning carry out laser melting coating make cladding molten bath formed bubble, by following parameter adjust nickel base powder Ti, C content, powder diameter,
Powder sphericity, the moisture content in protection gas simultaneously combine laser technical parameters to control cladding layer stomata quantity；
The nickel base powder mass fraction are as follows: Ni 50.0~55.0%, Cr 12.0~17.10%, C 0.08~0.2%,
Si 0~0.35%, Mn0~0.35%, S 0~0.018%, P0~0.015%, Al 0.30~0.70%, Ti 1.10~
2%, Mo 2.8~3.30%, Nb 4.75~5.50%, surplus Fe；
Powder diameter d=50~150 μm；
The powder sphericity is 0.6~0.9；
Moisture content mass fraction is 0.05~2% in the protection gas；
The laser technical parameters control is 800~1800W in laser power；Scanning speed is 6~15mm/s；Protection air-flow amount
For 10~80L/h；8~20g/min of powder sending quantity；
C: the coupling of Lorentz force body force: the cladding bath described in step B is formed in bubble, while introducing adjustable ladder
Spend Lorentz force, to the bubble that step B process is formed carry out the stomata that forms it into of profile adjustment in cladding layer by surface extremely
The inside depth direction distribution gradient is evenly distributed；The Lorentz force adjusting method are as follows: be passed through in the matrix
The DC current on described matrix surface is parallel to until the end of scan, current density size are 0~106A/m2, meanwhile, it will be described
Matrix be placed in gradient steady magnetic field until the end of scan so that the magnetic field strength of weld pool surface is 0~2T, magnetic field strength with
Molten bath depth increase and uniformly reduce, magnetic field strength decline gradient be 0.01~0.06T/mm.
2. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described matrix is molten in laser
It connect coated with preceding with external power supply that is can provide DC current with wait be connected to, the DC current is steady-state DC electric current, external
Power supply is the big rated current battery of low pressure.
3. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic field is by electromagnet
It provides, magnetic direction is parallel with cladding weld pool surface, both perpendicular to the laser scanning direction, by changing double sided contacts
Rectangular shaped poles length and or width realize that magnetic field gradient is adjusted, the width of the rectangular shaped poles is 10mm~40mm, the square
The length of shape magnetic pole is 80~120mm.
4. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the side of the Lorentz force
To passing through, change is passed through current direction or magnetic direction is adjusted.
5. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that described swashs
Optical power is 1600W, laser scanning speed 10mm/s, powder sending quantity 10g/min, and protection air-flow amount 20L/h obtains cladding layer
Spherical porosity.
6. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described in adjustment
Nickel base powder in C mass fraction be C 0.1% or and the adjustment nickel base powder in the mass fraction of Ti be Ti
1.5%, it is 2% that the moisture content in gas is protected in control, provides raw material for blistering to generate CO, CO2Gas controls the powder
Partial size d=50~75 μm, controlling the sphericity is 0.8~0.9, improves powder and protects the binding ability of moisture in gas.
7. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: step C adjusts magnetic
Field intensity makes its 1~2T, current density 105~106A/m2, while Lorentz force direction and cladding weld pool surface are hung down
Straight inwardly bubble overflows quantity and increases, and obtains remaining pore percent by volume 0~0.1% in cladding layer and is distributed in cladding layer
Top；The cladding layer refers to the material for being covered on matrix surface by laser fusing and the painting of formation metallurgical bonding therewith
Layer.
8. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: step C adjusts magnetic
Field intensity makes its 1~2T, current density 105~106A/m2, while Lorentz force direction and cladding weld pool surface are hung down
Straight outside, bubble, which overflows quantity, to be reduced, remaining pore percent by volume 5~20% in cladding layer, and is distributed in cladding layer bottom.
9. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: step C is adjusted
Magnetic field strength is 0.1~0.5T, and current density size is 0~105A/m2, while making Lorentz force direction and cladding molten bath table
Face is perpendicularly inward, so that the energy of bubble forming core reduces, increased air bubble in the cladding molten bath, bubble is acted on by fluid agitation
And cladding layer stomata is made to become uniform.
10. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: the Lip river
Lun Zili is to be intercoupled generations, the Lorentz force direction and cladding weld pool surface in cladding molten bath zone by magnetic field and electric field
It is perpendicularly inward or vertical outside, pass through and adjusts current density value 0~106A/m2With 0~2T of magnetic field value so that Lorentz force value is big
Small range is 0~2 × 106N/m3, 0.01~0.06T/mm of adjusting magnetic gradient, so that Lorentz force is from a surface to the inside depth
Direction is simultaneously distributed in negative gradient, and the gradient of Lorentz force decline is 102~105N/mm4。
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| CN106637203B (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2020-01-14 | 浙江工业大学 | Electromagnetic composite field collaborative laser remanufacturing device for turbine blade |
| CN107513712B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-04-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of improving laser cladding forming porous metal part uniformity |
| CN110181051B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-11-13 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser remanufacturing narrow gap filling method under action of directional Lorentz force |
| CN110819982B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-04-08 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Method for repairing abrasion and cracks of blade shroud and sealing teeth |
| CN110724952A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-01-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Combined magnetic core magnetic field generating device for improving magnetic gathering capacity |
| CN111607791B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-03-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Method and device for preparing WC reinforced metal-based composite coating with controllable distribution under assistance of electromagnetic composite field |
| CN116083901A (en) * | 2023-01-07 | 2023-05-09 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Reinforced phase distribution state adjustable laser cladding composite layer and preparation method thereof |
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