CN106191854A - A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN106191854A CN106191854A CN201610644126.1A CN201610644126A CN106191854A CN 106191854 A CN106191854 A CN 106191854A CN 201610644126 A CN201610644126 A CN 201610644126A CN 106191854 A CN106191854 A CN 106191854A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of control pore Ni-based coating, comprise the steps: A: polish, clean, scrubbing；B: laser melting coating: use coaxial powder feeding device that nickel base powder is sent into matrix surface, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively carries out laser melting coating with laser scanning and make cladding molten bath form bubble；C: Lorentz force body force couples: formed in bubble at cladding bath described in step B, being simultaneously introduced adjustable gradient Lorentz force, the bubble forming step B process carries out pore that profile adjustment forms it in cladding layer by surface to the inside depth direction distribution gradient or be evenly distributed.The magnetic field intensity gradient of DC current size and weld pool surface that the inventive method is applied to substrate surface by adjustment affects the downward gradient of Lorentz force.It is not only does this apply to laser fusion covered nickel base coating, welding, laser melting etc. can be suitable for simultaneously and produce the form processing in molten bath, applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a kind of Ni-based coating, particularly to the system of a kind of adjustable Ni-based coating of lyriform pore gap
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique, as a kind of novel manufacturing technology, is the most more and more applied in commercial production.Molten
During covering, owing to the moisture in environment, carrier gas or cladding material exist the elements such as C, Ti, cladding layer is the most inevitable
Randomly generate pore.But it is along with the harshness day by day of the condition of use, more and more higher to the performance requirement of coating.In some applied field
In conjunction, meeting mechanical property requirements simultaneously, the shock resistance of cladding layer, heat conductivity need to claimed.According to pertinent literature
Research show that the quantity of pore in coating and distribution produce important impact to above-mentioned performance, therefore need pore in cladding layer
It is adjusted.But simple dependence changes laser cladding technological parameter or powder technology, be difficult to air vent content in cladding layer and
Distribution carries out fixing quantity, the invention provides a kind of hole adjustable Ni-based coating preparation method for solving the problems referred to above.
About externally-applied magnetic field to laser welding and the control technique of cladding process, Chinese scholars has been carried out a series of
Research.Bachmann etc. such as Germany improves Welded Pool by static magnetic field, Bremen laboratory
The research such as Gatzen M finds that alternating magnetic field produces impact to Elemental redistribution, but the Lorentz force that above-mentioned scholar is used is certainly
Body sensing Lorentz force, rather than additional Lorentz force and pore not being studied.Domestic also have numerous scholar to grind its expansion
Studying carefully, as disclosed file (CN102899661) proposes a kind of method using magnetic field assistant laser cladding, the method feature is
Crystal grain orientation is obtained consistent, fine and smooth uniform coating only with simple the action of a magnetic field laser melting coating molten bath.Disclosed file
(CN102703897) a kind of method that Fe60 composite coating is prepared in rotating excitation field auxiliary laser cladding is proposed, because the method is adopted
By rotating excitation field, this also makes internal Lorentz force be in cyclically-varying, its exercising result often make microstructure of surface cladding layer,
Element, granule equal distribution are more uniform, it is impossible to the directed movement of regulation and control pore, granule etc., and are not directed to melting and coating process and magnetic field
Combinatorial regulation；Disclosed file (CN104195541), proposes method and the dress of a kind of electromagnetic complex field auxiliary laser cladding
Putting, provided in file, method mainly uses electromagnetic complex field regulation and control object to be tissue, granule, element, surface topography, is not directed to
The generation technique of laser melting coating bubble and bubble motion is regulated and controled, both at home and abroad for the invention in outfield or research wherein
In materials microstructure, performance, molten bath motion, and often it is avoided to produce as defect at pore.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to overcome the defect that gas cell distribution can not be regulated and controled by existing laser melting and coating technique, it is provided that a kind of control pore
The preparation method of Ni-based coating.
The preparation method of a kind of control pore Ni-based coating of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A: polish, clean, scrubbing: substrate surface is carried out grinding process, until surface-brightening to reach surface roughness little
In Ra1.6, re-use acetone or ethanol carries out wiping and cleans surface and oil contaminant removal, and dry in ventilation；
B: laser melting coating: use coaxial powder feeding device that nickel base powder is sent into substrate surface, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively
Carrying out laser melting coating with laser scanning makes cladding molten bath form bubble, by following parameter adjustment nickel base powder Ti, C content, powder
Particle diameter, powder sphericity, protection gas in moisture and combine laser technical parameters control cladding layer pore quantity；
Described nickel base powder mass fraction is: Ni 50.0～55.0%, Cr 12.0～17.10%, C 0.08～
0.2%, Si 0～0.35%, Mn0～0.35%, S 0～0.018%, P0～0.015%, Al 0.30～0.70%, Ti
1.10～2%, Mo 2.8～3.30%, Nb 4.75～5.50%, surplus is Fe；
Described powder diameter d=50～150 μm；
Described powder sphericity is 0.6～0.9；
In described protection gas, moisture mass fraction is 0.05～2%；
It is 800～1800W that described laser technical parameters controls in laser power；Scanning speed is 6～15mm/s；Protection gas
Flow is 10～80HF/min；Powder sending quantity 8～20g/min；
The most under these conditions, the pore that described cladding layer produces is shaped as spherical, and diameter range is 5 μm～100 μm,
Cumulative volume is cladding layer cumulative volume the 0.1～5% of described cladding layer pore；
C: Lorentz force body force couples: allows described cladding bath be formed in bubble in step B and (namely leads to
The most described " foaming "), it is simultaneously introduced adjustable gradient Lorentz force, the bubble forming step B process carries out profile adjustment to be made
The pore of bubble formation by surface to the inside depth direction distribution gradient or be evenly distributed, the most originally exists in cladding layer
Bubble in fluid liquid, during laser scanning, bubble is solidified forward position capture, is retained in cladding layer formation pore；Institute
The Lorentz force control method stated is: be passed through the DC current being parallel to substrate surface at matrix, until the end of scan, electric current is close
Degree size is 0～106A/m2, matrix is placed in gradient steady magnetic field meanwhile, until the end of scan so that the magnetic of weld pool surface
Field intensity is 0～2T, magnetic field intensity along with molten bath the degree of depth increase and uniformly reduce, magnetic field intensity decline gradient be 0.01～
0.06T/mm.The most described protection gas is noble gas, such as argon.
Further, described matrix was connected to wait to connect with the external power supply that can provide DC current before laser melting coating.
Usual described DC current is steady-state DC electric current, the big specified electric current accumulators of low pressure provide, i.e. external power supply
For the big specified electric current accumulators of low pressure, the voltage of the big specified electric current accumulators of described low pressure is 2～6V, discharge capability: 300～
600Ah。
The preferred described nickel base powder mass fraction of the present invention is: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%,
Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.
Further, described magnetic field is provided by electric magnet, and magnetic direction is parallel with cladding weld pool surface, both perpendicular to institute
State laser scanning direction, magnetic field gradient regulation by change double sided contacts rectangular shaped poles length and or width realize, described
The width of described rectangular shaped poles is 10mm～40mm, described a length of 80～120mm.
Further, the direction of described Lorentz force is passed through the sense of current by change or magnetic direction is adjusted.
For specifically, the preparation method of described control pore Ni-based coating, pushing away and depositing described laser power is 1600W,
Scanning speed is 10mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 10g/min, protect throughput 20HF/min, cladding layer formed spherical porosity, press more than
Operation, produced cladding layer spherical porosity diameter range is 5 μm～100 μm, produces pore cumulative volume and accounts for cladding layer volume
0.1～0.2%, and the random distribution of pore, and cladding layer pattern is good, flawless.This programme is in step B technique and powder
Under the conditions of, described cladding layer refers to covered at the material of matrix surface by laser fusion and form the painting of metallurgical binding therewith
Layer.
Being different from other laser coatings preparation methoies, the targeted regulation and control object of this method is pore, dominant powder and guarantor
Protect gas preferred content also to include: by adjusting nickel base powder Ti, C content is respectively 1.5% and 0.1%, control in protection gas
Moisture is 2%, provides raw material to produce CO, CO for bubbling2Deng gas, control nickel base powder particle diameter (50～75 μm) and ball
Shape degree (0.8～0.9), improves powder and the binding ability of moisture in protection gas, carries out cladding layer " foaming ", and in bubble shape
Core, applies Lorentz force in growth process, to accelerate or suppression bubble motion, thus to number of bubbles in cladding layer and distribution
It is adjusted.
Generally, the present invention is 1～2T by step C regulation magnetic field intensity, and electric current density is 105～106A/m2, with
Time make Lorentz force direction perpendicularly inward with cladding weld pool surface, this can make bubble overflow quantity increase, obtain cladding layer
Middle remaining pore percent by volume 0～0.1% and be distributed in cladding layer top；The most available pore-free or air vent content
Few Ni-based coating.
If we are 1～2T in step C regulation magnetic field intensity, electric current density is 105～106A/m2, make simultaneously
Lorentz force direction is vertical with cladding weld pool surface outwards, bubble can be made to overflow quantity and reduce, residue gas hole body in cladding layer
Long-pending percentage ratio 5～20%, and be distributed in bottom cladding layer.The most available Ni-based coating remaining pore is more, and greatly
It is distributed in the relatively bottom of coating more.
If we regulate magnetic field intensity is 0.1～0.5T, electric current density size is 0～105A/m2, make long-range navigation simultaneously
Hereby force direction vertical cladding weld pool surface is inside, and this can make the energy of bubble forming core reduce, and in described cladding molten bath, bubble increases
Many, now Lorentz force is less, and the drag of fluid accounts for leading, and bubble is made cladding layer pore become by fluid agitation effect
Obtain uniformly.
Concrete, the preparation method of described control pore Ni-based coating is: described Lorentz force is in cladding molten bath
Region is intercoupled generations by magnetic field and electric field, direction perpendicularly inward with cladding weld pool surface or vertical outwards, electric by regulating
Current density value 0～106A/m2With magnetic field value 0～2T so that Lorentz lorentz's force value magnitude range is 0～2 × 106N/m3, regulate magnetic field
Gradient 0.01～0.06T/mm so that Lorentz force is distributed, under Lorentz force from a surface to the inside depth direction and in negative gradient
The gradient of fall is 102～105N/mm。
The inventive method has the advantage that
1, the present invention is by nickel base powder material content (C and/or Ti content), powder characteristics and protection gas water content and Lip river logical sequence
Hereby power regulates combination mutually, by orientation Lorentz force indirect action in bubble, regulates gas cell distribution with physical form, protects as far as possible
Former cated mechanical property and tissue characteristic are stayed, the coating of available different aperture.
2, the present invention uses gradient Lorentz force body force, both can increase and this bubble of weld pool surface is overflowed key sequence boundary
The control ability in region, to significantly improve control effect, can reduce again Lorentz force to the shadow of Bubble process bottom molten bath
Ring.
3, the present invention can be applied to DC current size and the magnetic field intensity of weld pool surface of substrate surface by adjustment
Affect the downward gradient of Lorentz force, thus adjust the hole in Ni-based coating, to adapt to different processing requests.This is not only
It is applicable to laser fusion covered nickel base coating, welding, laser melting etc. can be suitable for simultaneously and produce the form processing in molten bath, the scope of application
Extensively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The preparation facilities working state structure figure of Fig. 1 a kind of control pore Ni-based coating
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 2 embodiment 1
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 3 embodiment 2
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 4 embodiment 3
Cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 5 embodiment 4
Fig. 6 embodiment 5 Lorentz force upwards under the conditions of (magnetic field gradient 0.01T/mm) cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure
(magnetic field gradient 0.06T/mm) cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure under the conditions of Fig. 7 embodiment 6 Lorentz force is downward
Fig. 8 embodiment 7 Lorentz force upwards under the conditions of cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure
Fig. 9 embodiment 8 Lorentz force condition cladding layer longitudinal section pore uniformly distributing
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described content.
The embodiment of this case is even to be realized by following device, and as shown in Figure 1, described device includes: 1-laser instrument, 2-
The big specified current and power supply of Laser Transmission passage, 3-feeding head, 4-work holder, 5-wire, 6-low pressure, 7 coils around
Group, 8 rectangular shaped poles heads, 9 matrixes, 10 coil windings power supplys.
Concrete connected mode: laser instrument 1 can be connected by flexible optical fibre or flight light path with Laser Transmission passage 2, powder feeding
3 with Laser Transmission passage 2 coaxial combination, feeding head 3 is positioned at directly over matrix 9, and the big specified current and power supply 6 of low pressure passes through wire
5 and work holder 4 be connected with matrix 9, rectangular shaped poles 8 is positioned at matrix both sides and combines with coil windings 7, coil windings with
Coil windings power supply 10 connects.
Detailed description of the invention: be first connected with work holder by matrix, has the substrate at horizontal level, chooses suitably
Rectangular shaped poles head (according to different magnetic field gradient selected shape size), regulation dual-magnetic head relative to position until each cartridge and matrix side
Identity distance is from about 0.5mm.Open DC power supply switch, regulate electric current, be passed through required current value in the base, open coil windings electricity
Source also regulates current value, makes cartridge produce required magnetic field value.After ready, starting laser melting coating, feeding head is by set
Track in substrate surface cladding, be energized, logical magnetic until cladding terminates, the matrix that will be processed takes out.
Embodiment 1
Laser melting coating base material is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into the test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, surface
After oil removing, rust cleaning, grinding process, roughness is less than Ra1.6, then cleans surface and oil contaminant removal with acetone.Cladding powder is
Co-based alloy powder, is put in described powder in drying baker, arranges temperature 100 DEG C, and drying time is 60min.Treat that powder cools down
After, put it in powder feeder, the sample treating cladding is placed horizontally on workbench, (power is to open laser generator
1600W), gas shield device (protection gas is argon, and flow is 20HF/min, moisture 0.05%) and powder feeder (powder feeding
Amount is 10g/min), the scanning speed of 10mm/s carries out cladding according to default cladding track.Powder diameter is 50～75 μm, spherical
Degree 0.8～0.9, wherein said nickel base powder mass fraction is for for Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn
0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Fig. 2 is above-mentioned
Cladding layer gas cell distribution figure under process conditions, diameter range is 60 μm～100 μm, and the cumulative volume of described cladding layer pore is cladding
About the 0.2% of layer cumulative volume.
The cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure of embodiment 1 is shown in accompanying drawing 2.
Embodiment 2
This example is comparative example, water content in gas will be protected to be reduced to 0.04%, powder chemistry composition (quality in embodiment 1
Mark, %) consistent with embodiment 1: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%,
P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Ensure other technological parameters and embodiment 1
Unanimously, obtaining cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure (shown in Fig. 3), wherein cladding layer pore is shaped as spherical, and diameter range is 5
～10 μm, the cumulative volume of described cladding layer pore be cladding layer cumulative volume be about 0.05%；Comparison diagram 2 is it appeared that cladding layer
Pore quantity is obviously reduced with hole diameter, illustrates to protect moisture in gas to reduce so that in cladding layer, oxygen content reduces, gas
Hole content significantly reduces.
Embodiment 3
This example is comparative example, only by embodiment 1 conditional, when nickel base powder particle diameter is increased to 150 μm to 180 μm, and ball
Shape degree 0.8～0.9, keeps laser technology and powder chemistry composition embodiment 1 consistent, has obtained cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution
Figure (shown in Fig. 4).Can obtain from figure when particle diameter increases to more than 150 μm, and clad layer surface has micro-pore, cladding layer pore
Cumulative volume be cladding layer cumulative volume be about 0.05%, illustrate that the increase of particle diameter makes the carrier gas ability of particle surface reduce,
Thus cause air vent content to reduce.
Embodiment 4
With reference to Fig. 5.This example is comparative example, by embodiment 1 conditional, nickel base powder granule sphericity is increased to about
0.98, and keep powder chemistry composition, particle diameter consistent with embodiment 1, i.e. powder diameter is 50～75 μm, sphericity 0.8～
0.9, wherein cladding powder chemistry composition (mass fraction, %) is: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn
0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.Powder is put in
In drying baker, arranging temperature 100 DEG C, drying time is 60min.Ensure that other technological parameters are consistent with embodiment 1, melted
Coating longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure (shown in Fig. 5).Can obtain when sphericity increases from figure, despite the presence of micro-pore, but gas
Hole number relatively embodiment 1 significantly reduces, and its reason is that powder sphericity increases, and carrier gas binding ability reduces, thus causes the external world
Gas enters the content in molten bath and changes so that pore size and quantity reduce.Integrated embodiment 3,4 can obtain, and particle diameter exceeds
When 150 μm and sphericity are more than 0.9, it is unfavorable for that cladding layer " bubbles ".
Embodiment 5
With reference to Fig. 6.By comparative example 1 and embodiment 2, embodiment 1 and embodiment 3, embodiment 1 and embodiment 4 can
Know, adjust protection gas water content and powdered ingredients, powder sphericity and powder diameter will produce shadow to pore quantity with size
Ringing, but only rely on technique, be often difficult to be controlled its distribution, therefore the present invention is in embodiment 1 success bubble
The most additional Lorentz force body force changes the equivalent buoyancy of bubble, to reach the purpose of quantitatively regulating and controlling distribution.The present embodiment
Middle laser melting coating base material is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into the test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, surface through oil removing,
After rust cleaning, grinding process, then clean with acetone.Described matrix before laser melting coating with the external power supply of DC current can be provided
Connecting to wait to connect, described DC current is steady-state DC electric current, and external power supply is that the big specified electric current accumulators of low pressure (advise by battery
Lattice are: 6V, 600Ah).
Co-based alloy powder is put in drying baker, temperature 100 DEG C is set, drying time 60min.After powder cools down,
Putting it in powder feeder, alloy powder chemical composition (mass fraction, %) is: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si
0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S 0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%.
Powder diameter is 50～75 μm, sphericity 0.8～0.9.Open laser generator (power is 1400W), gas shield device (argon
Throughput is 10L/h, moisture 2%) and powder feeder (powder sending quantity is 10g/min), with the scanning speed of 7mm/s according to presetting
Cladding track carries out cladding.Meanwhile, 10 it are passed through in the base6A/m2Electric current density, matrix both sides magnetic field intensity is 2T, magnetic field
The gradient that intensity declines is 0.01T/mm, forms the gradient Lorentz that vertical cladding weld pool surface is outside in cladding molten bath zone
Power, its downward gradient value from weld pool surface to bottom 105N/m4.Due to the impact of Lorentz force, bubble is by the most downward
Power, suppresses bubble upwards to discharge, and final major part pore integrated distribution is in the bottom of cladding coating, as shown in Figure 6, and pore in figure
Pore diameter range is 10～120 μm, and the cumulative volume of described cladding layer pore is about the 8% of cladding layer cumulative volume.
Embodiment 6
With reference to Fig. 7 cladding layer longitudinal section gas cell distribution figure.The gradient that magnetic field intensity in embodiment 5 declines is only by this example
0.06T/mm, other laser technical parameterses, powder parameter, protection gas, size of current and magnetic field size keep one with embodiment 5
Cause, obtain gas cell distribution figure as shown in Figure 7.Can be 10～120 μm with air vent aperture scope from figure, relatively Fig. 6 pore quantity
Having reduced, cumulative volume accounts for about the 6% of cladding layer cumulative volume.
Embodiment 7
With reference to Fig. 8.It is inside that Lorentz force direction in embodiment 5 is only become vertical weld pool surface by this example, other laser
Technological parameter, powder parameter, protection gas, size of current and magnetic field size keep consistent with embodiment 5, obtain as shown in Figure 8
Gas cell distribution figure.It appeared that pore quantity relatively Fig. 2,6 and 7 significantly reduce from figure, obtain the cladding layer of densification, cumulative volume
Account for cladding layer cumulative volume is about 0.
Embodiment 8
With reference to Fig. 9.The present embodiment is on the basis of embodiment 5, and applying electric current density size in the base is 105A/m2, magnetic field
Intensity 0.4T, the gradient that magnetic field intensity declines is that 0.01T/mm forms the vertical bath surface in direction of Lorentz force inwards, under it
Fall Grad is 400N/mm from weld pool surface to bottom4.Laser melting coating base material is 316 austenitic stainless steels, is machined into
The test button of 100 × 10 × 10mm, ethanol purge to Ra1.6, then is used through oil removing, rust cleaning, grinding process in surface.By Ni-based conjunction
Bronze end is put in drying baker, arranges temperature 100 DEG C, drying time 60min.After powder cools down, put it in powder feeder,
Alloy powder chemical composition (mass fraction, %) is: Ni 52.5%, Cr 15%, C 0.1%, Si 0.3%, Mn 0.3%, S
0.01%, P 0.01%, Al 0.4%, Ti 1.5%, Mo 3%, Nb 5%, Fe 21.88%, keeps consistent with embodiment 1.
Open laser generator (power is 1400W), gas shield device (argon flow amount is 10L/h, moisture 2%) and powder feeder
(powder sending quantity is 10g/min), carries out cladding with the scanning speed of 10mm/s according to default cladding track, obtains as shown in Figure 9
Pore uniformly distributing, hole diameter 10～100 μm, pore cumulative volume accounts for cladding layer cumulative volume about 6%.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for control pore Ni-based coating, comprises the steps:
A: polish, clean, scrubbing: substrate surface is carried out grinding process, until surface-brightening reaches surface roughness and is less than
Ra1.6, re-uses acetone or ethanol carries out wiping and cleans surface and oil contaminant removal, and dries in ventilation；
B: laser melting coating: use coaxial powder feeding device that nickel base powder is sent into matrix surface, forms laser melting coating molten bath, successively with swashing
Photoscanning carry out laser melting coating makes cladding molten bath formed bubble, by following parameter adjustment nickel base powder Ti, C content, powder diameter,
Powder sphericity, protection gas in moisture and combine laser technical parameters control cladding layer pore quantity；
Described nickel base powder mass fraction is: Ni 50.0～55.0%, Cr 12.0～17.10%, C 0.08～0.2%,
Si 0～0.35%, Mn0～0.35%, S 0～0.018%, P0～0.015%, Al 0.30～0.70%, Ti 1.10～
2%, Mo 2.8～3.30%, Nb 4.75～5.50%, surplus is Fe；Described powder diameter d=50～150 μm；
Described powder sphericity is 0.6～0.9；
In described protection gas, moisture mass fraction is 0.05～2%；
It is 800～1800W that described laser technical parameters controls in laser power；Scanning speed is 6～15mm/s；Protection throughput
It is 10～80HF/min；Powder sending quantity 8～20g/min；
C: Lorentz force body force couples: is formed in bubble at cladding bath described in step B, is simultaneously introduced adjustable ladder
Degree Lorentz force, the bubble forming step B process carries out pore that profile adjustment forms it in cladding layer by surface extremely
The inside depth direction distribution gradient or be evenly distributed；Described Lorentz force control method is: be passed through at described matrix
Being parallel to the DC current of described matrix surface until the end of scan, electric current density size is 0～106A/m2, meanwhile, by described
Matrix be placed in gradient steady magnetic field until the end of scan so that the magnetic field intensity of weld pool surface is 0～2T, magnetic field intensity with
The degree of depth molten bath increases and uniformly reduces, and the gradient that magnetic field intensity declines is 0.01～0.06T/mm.
2. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described matrix melts at laser
Being connected to wait to connect coated with external power supply that is front and that can provide DC current, described DC current is steady-state DC electric current, external
Power supply is the big specified electric current accumulators of low pressure.
3. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described magnetic field is by electric magnet
Thering is provided, magnetic direction is parallel with cladding weld pool surface, both perpendicular to described laser scanning direction, by changing double sided contacts
Rectangular shaped poles length and or width realize magnetic field gradient regulation, the width of described rectangular shaped poles is 10mm～40mm, described square
A length of the 80 of shape magnetic pole～120mm.
4. the preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the side of described Lorentz force
To being passed through the sense of current by change or magnetic direction is adjusted.
5. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that described swashs
Luminous power is 1600W, and laser scanning speed is 10mm/s, and powder sending quantity is 10g/min, and protection throughput 20HF/min obtains cladding
Layer spherical porosity.
6. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: adjust described
Nickel base powder in the mass fraction of C be C 0.1% or and adjustment described in nickel base powder in the mass fraction of Ti be Ti
1.5%, the moisture controlled in protection gas is 2%, provides raw material to produce CO, CO for bubbling2Deng gas, control described powder
End particle diameter d=50～75 μm, controlling described sphericity is 0.8～0.9, improves powder and the binding ability of moisture in protection gas.
7. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterised by: step C regulation magnetic
Field intensity is 1～2T, and electric current density is 105～106A/m2, make Lorentz force direction hang down with cladding weld pool surface simultaneously
Straight inwardly bubble overflows quantity to be increased, and obtains in cladding layer remaining pore percent by volume 0～0.1% and be distributed in cladding layer
Top；Described cladding layer refers to covered at the material of matrix surface by laser fusion and form the painting of metallurgical binding therewith
Layer.
8. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterised by: step C regulation magnetic
Field intensity is 1～2T, and electric current density is 105～106A/m2, make Lorentz force direction hang down with cladding weld pool surface simultaneously
Straight outside, bubble overflows quantity to be reduced, remaining pore percent by volume 5～20% in cladding layer, and is distributed in bottom cladding layer.
9. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: step C regulates
Magnetic field intensity is 0.1～0.5T, and electric current density size is 0～105A/m2, make Lorentz force direction and cladding molten bath table simultaneously
Face is perpendicularly inward so that the energy of bubble forming core reduces, and increased air bubble in described cladding molten bath, bubble is by fluid agitation effect
And make cladding layer pore become uniform.
10. the preparation method of the control pore Ni-based coating as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: described Lip river
Lun Zili is to intercouple generations, described Lorentz force direction and cladding weld pool surface by magnetic field and electric field in cladding molten bath zone
Perpendicularly inward or vertically outside, by regulation current density value 0～106A/m2With magnetic field value 0～2T so that Lorentz lorentz's force value is big
Little scope is 0～2 × 106N/m3, adjusting magnetic gradient 0.01～0.06T/mm so that Lorentz force is from a surface to the inside degree of depth
Direction is also distributed in negative gradient, and the gradient that Lorentz force declines is 102～105N/mm4。
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Application publication date: 20161207 Assignee: HANGZHOU BOHUA LASER TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2020980000584 Denomination of invention: Preparation method of porosity controllable nickel base coating layer Granted publication date: 20190108 License type: Common License Record date: 20200311 |