CN110872869A - Waterproof construction method for joints of external wall panels - Google Patents
Waterproof construction method for joints of external wall panels Download PDFInfo
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- CN110872869A CN110872869A CN201911197373.1A CN201911197373A CN110872869A CN 110872869 A CN110872869 A CN 110872869A CN 201911197373 A CN201911197373 A CN 201911197373A CN 110872869 A CN110872869 A CN 110872869A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B1/6801—Fillings therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
- E04B1/6806—Waterstops
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waterproof construction method for joints of external wall panels, which comprises the steps of installing inverted ridges and tongue-and-groove shaping templates and pouring concrete on the inverted ridges and the tongue-and-groove; controlling the installation and elevation of the prefabricated external wall panel, including positioning and paying off and elevation control, hoisting the prefabricated external wall panel, installing the prefabricated external wall panel, correcting the prefabricated external wall panel and installing a connecting piece; grouting the prefabricated external wall panel gap, including base layer cleaning, adopting a template or mortar to seal the gap, stirring grouting materials, grouting and water spraying tests; and sealing the joints by adopting a sealant, wherein the sealing comprises backing material priming and gluing by adopting the joint sealant. The waterproof structure comprises a prefabricated external wall panel, a waterproof layer and a waterproof layer, wherein the waterproof layer is arranged on the waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer is arranged on.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction engineering, in particular to a waterproof construction method for joints of external wall panels.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of assembly buildings in China, prefabricated external wall panels (beam lower panels) are more and more widely applied to public buildings, and in order to ensure the waterproof effect of the external walls of the buildings, more and more waterproof construction measures with reversed ridges and grooves are adopted at the upper parts of superposed beams. Because the self weight of the wallboard is larger, the reverse ridge needs to have enough strength to support the wallboard, and the rabbet part is very weak, the requirements on the section size, elevation control and pouring quality of the reverse ridge and the rabbet are very high, and the condition of water seepage easily occurs at the joint of the prefabricated external wallboard.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the waterproof construction method for the joints of the external wall panels, which can reduce the construction difficulty of waterproof treatment, improve the waterproof performance of the joints of the prefabricated external wall panels, complete the waterproof construction of the joints of the prefabricated external wall panels and ensure the waterproof effect of the joints of the prefabricated external wall panels.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a waterproof construction method for a seam of an external wall panel, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a reverse ridge and tongue-and-groove shaping template, and pouring concrete on the reverse ridge and the tongue-and-groove;
secondly, controlling the installation and elevation of the prefabricated external wall panel, including positioning and paying off and elevation control, hoisting the prefabricated external wall panel, installing the prefabricated external wall panel, correcting the prefabricated external wall panel and installing a connecting piece;
thirdly, grouting the gaps of the prefabricated external wall panel, including base layer cleaning, adopting a template or mortar to block the gaps, stirring grouting materials, grouting and water spraying tests;
and fourthly, sealing the joints by adopting a sealant, wherein the sealing comprises backing material priming and western Ka single-component polyurethane joint sealant priming.
Furthermore, in the step one, a U-shaped stirrup is connected with a stirrup of the superposed beam in the installation of the inverted sill and the tongue-and-groove shaping template, and ladder bars are welded on the U-shaped stirrup according to the width of the inverted sill; the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die comprises an anti-ridge outer die, an anti-ridge inner die and an anti-ridge top template, and the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die is manufactured according to the lengths of the anti-ridge and the rabbet; the anti-bank outside mould adopts the steel wire to fix with the flitch, adopts the U-shaped clamp to consolidate after anti-bank inside mould and the installation of anti-bank top template are accomplished.
Optionally, in the step one, during concrete pouring of the inverted ridge and the rabbet, a phi 30 vibrating rod is adopted to vibrate and compact the concrete, and the concrete is poured for one-step forming, so that a cold joint is not formed at the positions of the inverted ridge and the rabbet; and after the pouring is finished, removing and chiseling the exposed coarse aggregate on the top surface of the reverse ridge and plastering the coarse aggregate with cement paste to ensure that the top surface of the U-shaped stirrup is rib-free.
Optionally, the hoisting prefabricated external wall panel in the second step includes:
(1) the inserting type and leaning type external wall panels can be directly lifted from the vehicle;
(2) hoisting is carried out according to an installation design drawing and a preset installation sequence, and installation is carried out block by block from a plate farthest from the tower crane in principle to form a closed outer enclosure structure;
(3) when the external wall panel is hoisted, two-point or four-point hoisting is adopted according to the number of the hoisting nails pre-embedded on the wall panel, the wall panel is vertically and stably placed in place, the included angle between the hoisting steel wire rope and the horizontal plane of the component is not less than 60 degrees, and the wall panel is carefully and slowly placed on the gasket after hoisting;
the installation prefabricated side fascia includes:
(1) each external wall panel needs to be fixed by two inclined struts, the upper parts of the inclined struts are fixed at the 2/3-height position of the upper part of the external wall panel through special bolts, and the bottoms of the inclined struts are anchored with the ground by expansion bolts or special bolts; the included angle between the support and the horizontal floor is 40-50 degrees;
(2) in the installation process, the crane hook on the external wall panel can be removed after the two inclined struts are firmly installed.
Further, the step three of adopting a template or mortar to plug the gap comprises the following steps:
(1) the horizontal gap at the joint of the top of the external wall panel and the composite beam is narrower, mortar is firstly filled into the peripheral gap by 10mm, PVC pipes with the diameter of 10mm are pre-buried at the position of a prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and are used as grouting pipes, and exhaust holes are reserved at the top positions of end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel so as to prevent the air from being trapped in the grouting process and cause the quality defects of grouting incompact and holes and the like;
(2) the gap plugging of the bottom of the external wall panel adopts the template plugging: the horizontal gap at the joint of the bottom of the external wall panel and the superposed beam is narrower, the periphery of the horizontal gap at the joint of the external wall panel and the tongue-and-groove of the inverted ridge is blocked by an extruded sheet and a template, and a PVC pipe with the diameter of 20mm is embedded in the position of the prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and is used as a grouting pipe; the embedded PVC pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the gap, and the pipe orifice of the exposed part is upward; and the joint surface of the template and the concrete is pasted with double faced adhesive tape to prevent slurry leakage, and exhaust holes are reserved at the top positions of the end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel to prevent air from being trapped in the grouting process, so that the quality defects of grouting incompact, holes and the like are overcome.
Further, the stirring and grouting in the third step includes:
(1) pouring the grouting material into a stirring barrel, adding water while stirring until the water content reaches 80%, stirring for 3-4 min, then adding the remaining 20% of water, stirring for not less than 5min, and adding waterproof powder during stirring, wherein the mixing amount is controlled according to 5% of the content of the grouting material;
(2) the stirred mixture is used up within 10min from the water addition; before grouting, preliminarily calculating the required slurry volume, wherein the practical grouting slurry quantity should not generate an overlarge error with a calculated value, so that the middle slurry shortage is prevented, and the grouting pressure of an automatic grouting machine is not less than 0.1Mpa in the grouting process;
(3) before grouting, wetting the surface of the template and the concrete foundation without water accumulation;
(4) grouting is carried out along the grouting opening from one end to the other end in sequence, when grouting occurs at the plugging position of the template or the mortar, grouting is stopped, and secondary grouting is carried out after half an hour; after secondary grouting, if grouting occurs at the grouting pipe or outside the plug, stopping grouting, pulling out the exhaust pipe, enabling the grouting pipe to extend into a grouting opening by 20mm, grouting and plugging a small hole at the grouting pipe and the exhaust rubber pipe, pulling out the grouting pipe after grouting is finished, and scraping by using a scraper;
(5) and after 12 hours of grouting, removing the template, shoveling slurry at the slurry leaking part, grinding the surface to be flat, and then carrying out natural maintenance.
Optionally, the backing material priming in the fourth step comprises: backing materials with the diameter of 10mm or 20mm are reasonably selected according to the width of the gap, and polyethylene foam rods which are sealed, fixed, not rotten, non-absorbent, soft and elastic are selected for filling; the back lining material is inserted into the cleaned seam to ensure that the glue stick is fully compacted; after the construction of the backing material is finished, a seam edge layer is pasted by a masking paper adhesive tape when the next procedure is carried out.
Optionally, the step four of adopting the sika single-component polyurethane seam sealant for gluing comprises the following steps: according to the width of the wall seam, selecting a gun nozzle with a proper caliber, putting the sealant into the gun, downwards making the gun nozzle approximately 45 degrees, slowly and uniformly extruding the sealant along the seam, and in order to avoid the generation of a cavity in the sealant, filling the seam with the sealant and slightly overflowing;
after the sealing glue is completely constructed, a tongue depressor is used for compacting and strickling, the tool is ensured to be clean in the strickling and compacting process, repeated strickling is not required, and the glue is ensured to be tightly connected with the two sides of the wall gap; the method comprises the following steps of removing the masking paper, not polluting the wall surface, keeping the modified glue surface, immediately finishing the part which does not meet the requirement, finishing the surface by using a finishing agent in order to ensure good appearance quality of the wall seam, and preventing liquid from permeating into the joint; the sealing glue which is just applied needs to be protected in the construction in rainy days, so that the surface layer is prevented from being damaged by rainwater, and the ventilation is ensured.
Furthermore, one end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the inner side of the reverse sill, is longer than one end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the outer side of the reverse sill; and a groove for positioning the inner die of the reverse ridge and the template at the top of the reverse ridge is formed on the top side in the U-shaped clamp.
Therefore, the waterproof construction method for the joints of the external wall panels has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the structural research to prefabricated side fascia (roof beam hypoplastron) self, in order to avoid outdoor water infiltration indoor, take the form of piecing together between prefabricated side fascia and coincide roof beam, the cast-in-place structure. The upper and lower parts of the wall board are both of structures with high inside and low outside to form a water retaining surface, the top of the composite beam at the lower part of the wall board is provided with a reverse ridge and a tongue-and-groove, and the composite beam and the cast-in-place part of the composite beam are cast once to play a role of self water prevention of a concrete structure, the lower opening of the composite beam at the upper part of the wall board is in a shape with high outside and low inside, and meanwhile, a water dripping line effect can be played at a window to prevent rainwater.
2. Through the research to prefabricated wall panel connected mode, in order to ensure prefabricated wall panel bottom structural integrity and concrete structure from waterproof effect, adopt anti-bank and tongue-and-groove stereotyped template to assemble reinforced (rfd) mode, reach anti-bank and tongue-and-groove one shot pouring shaping and have good concrete structure from waterproof effect.
3. Through the research on the connection mode of the prefabricated external wall panel, in order to ensure the connection effect and the waterproof performance of the gap between the prefabricated external wall panel and the inverted ridge and the rabbet, H40 self-flowing grouting material with good flowability and no shrinkage is poured into the gap between the prefabricated external wall panel and the inverted ridge and the rabbet.
4. Through research on the sealing material for the gap at the outer side of the prefabricated external wall panel, the sealant with the characteristics of good deformation capability and creep property, excellent adhesion and compatibility, weather resistance, pollution resistance and the like is ensured, and the waterproof effect is achieved by pouring the Cika single-component polyurethane seam sealant into the gap at the outer side of the prefabricated external wall panel.
5. The joint waterproof of the prefabricated external wall panel (beam lower panel) is successfully applied to construction, belongs to the first line in China, overcomes the defect that the traditional external wall is easy to leak, and provides powerful guarantee for ensuring the waterproof quality of the whole building external wall. With the rapid development of the fabricated building in China, the beam lower plate is more and more widely applied to public buildings, and similar projects are more and more. And the technical measures for ensuring the waterproof effect of the joints of the prefabricated external wall panels in the high-precision, high-quality and high-strength construction are required to be gradually developed and perfected.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of U-shaped stirrups in the waterproofing method for joints of external wall panels according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the formwork installation of the upper back sill and tongue-and-groove of the composite beam in the waterproof construction method for the joint of the external wall panel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped clamp for the method of waterproofing the joints of external wall panels according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the plugging of a gap template in the waterproof construction method for the joints of the external wall panels.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. In the referenced drawings, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Examples
New student apartment 16 and 17 projects of the Hunan financial economy institute are located at the Hunan financial economy instituteThe student apartment building is an E-shaped building on the west side of the school district, the south side of the intersections of the Yue road and the two roads of the maple forest, and a dormitory is shared between 958. The project is 15 layers above the ground (area 44109.87 m)2) Underground 1 layer (3747.24 m)2) Total building area about 47857.11m2Wherein the building area of each floor of the standard floor is 2912.19m2. The structure form is frame-shear wall structure, and the basis is raft foundation, and basement layer height is 4.15m, and standard layer height is 3.3m, and building height 49.95 m. The project adopts an assembly type building, the assembly rate is 50%, and the main parts of the assembly type components are as follows: prefabricated external wall panels (beam lower plates), superposed beams, superposed floor slabs, prefabricated stairs (bench), prefabricated toilet caissons and prefabricated internal wall panels (novel light wall materials). Because the engineering adopts the assembly type building industrialization technology for construction, the prefabricated member is a novel green environment-friendly energy-saving building structure, energy is saved, environment is protected, the prefabricated members are assembled in blocks, a large number of assembling gaps can be reserved between the members and the cast-in-place structure, and the key process of the whole construction lies in the waterproof treatment of the seams between the members.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the waterproof joint (beam lower plate) of the prefabricated external wall panel of the present invention adopts three aspects of structural waterproof, gap node waterproof and material waterproof to perform the waterproof joint of the prefabricated external wall panel (the high and low tongue-and-groove shape inside the prefabricated external wall panel + the reversed ridge and tongue-and-groove shaping template + the gap node grouting + the seeka sealant sealing). The prefabricated external wall board, the superposed beam and the cast-in-place structure are spliced, the upper part and the lower part of the wall board are both high in inside and low in outside to form a water retaining surface, the top of the superposed beam at the lower part of the wall board is provided with a reverse ridge and a tongue-and-groove, and the superposed beam and the cast-in-place part of the superposed beam are cast and formed at one time to play a role of self-waterproofing of a concrete structure. The lower opening of the superposed beam on the upper part of the wallboard is in a shape of high outside and low inside, and meanwhile, the superposed beam can play a role of a water dripping line at a window to prevent rainwater from permeating into the room along a window. The inverted ridge and the rabbet are assembled and reinforced by adopting a shaping template, the formwork is convenient to support, the lower part of the wallboard is a die-disassembly-free superposed beam, a reinforcing screw is reserved, the inverted ridge template is convenient to mount and fix, the inverted ridge and the rabbet template are positioned by adopting a finished product U-shaped hoop and controlling the elevation of the top surface of the inverted ridge, and the template is reinforced by using the U-shaped hoop. After the prefabricated external wall panel is hoisted, and after the inclined supports and the connecting pieces are removed, H40 self-flowing and shrinkage-free grouting material is poured into gaps between the prefabricated external wall panel and the inverted ridges and the tongue-and-grooves, a water spraying experiment is carried out after the grouting is finished, if no leakage point exists, a west card single-component polyurethane seam sealant is poured into the gap on the outer side of the prefabricated external wall panel, and a backing material with a proper width is selected according to the width of the gap before gluing.
Specifically, the waterproof construction method for the joint of the external wall panel comprises the following steps:
1. anti-bank and tongue-and-groove shaping template installation
Template installation process: axis positioning and U-shaped stirrup welding → ladder reinforcement welding → installation of finished product of the outer side die of the reverse bank → iron wire fixation of the side die of the reverse bank → installation of the inner side die of the reverse bank and the top die of the reverse bank → installation of the U-shaped stirrup → elevation rechecking → inspection and acceptance. Connecting a U-shaped stirrup with a stirrup of the superposed beam, and welding a ladder bar on the U-shaped stirrup according to the width of the reversed sill; the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die comprises an anti-ridge outer die, an anti-ridge inner die and an anti-ridge top template, and the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die is manufactured according to the lengths of the anti-ridge and the rabbet; the anti-bank outside mould adopts the steel wire to fix with the flitch, adopts the U-shaped clamp to consolidate after anti-bank inside mould and the installation of anti-bank top template are accomplished. One end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the inner side of the reverse sill, is longer than one end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the outer side of the reverse sill; and a groove for positioning the inner die of the reverse ridge and the template at the top of the reverse ridge is formed on the top side in the U-shaped clamp. The method comprises the following steps:
1.1 elevation recheck
In the process of installing the template, the two sides of the positioning ladder rib are positioned on the same horizontal line with the inner side of the anti-sill template, and multiple points are selected on the top surface of the anti-sill U-shaped stirrup to perform elevation retest by taking a floor elevation control line as a datum point, so that the top elevation of the U-shaped stirrup is ensured to be consistent with the elevation of the top surface of the anti-sill.
1.2 pouring of concrete with inverted ridges and grooves
After the formwork is installed, the steel bar engineering is concealed and accepted, concrete can be poured through the rear part of the concealed engineering acceptance, and a phi 30 vibrating rod is adopted in the pouring process to ensure that concrete is vibrated compactly. The pouring is carried out once, and cold joints are not formed at the positions of the reversed ridges and the grooves, so that the self-waterproof effect of the concrete structure is ensured. And after the pouring is finished, removing and chiseling the exposed coarse aggregate on the top surface of the reverse ridge and plastering the coarse aggregate with cement paste to ensure that no rib is leaked on the top surface of the U-shaped stirrup and prevent the corrosion of the reverse ridge steel bar caused by long-term exposure of the U-shaped stirrup.
And (3) maintaining the cast-in-place concrete structure after the concrete is poured, maintaining for 24 hours with the formwork, and then removing the formwork, wherein the concrete at the rabbet is weak, and the template is forbidden to be pried out forcibly to damage the rabbet concrete in the formwork removing process. After the pouring of the concrete of the inverted sill and the rabbet is finished, attention should be paid to the protection of the finished product of the inverted sill and the rabbet.
2 installation and elevation control of prefabricated external wall panel
2.1, the process flow is as follows: positioning and paying-off and elevation control → hoisting of prefabricated external wall panel → installation diagonal bracing → correction of prefabricated external wall panel → installation connecting piece
2.2 positioning and paying-off and elevation control
1. According to the design drawing, a control sideline of the prefabricated external wall panel is released on the concrete floor surface, and effective rechecking is carried out;
2. according to the released floor elevation control line, adopting a special gasket to adjust the elevation and leveling of the prefabricated external wall panel;
3. special cushion blocks are placed at the bottoms of the two ends of the prefabricated external wall panel, and the special cushion blocks are measured by a level gauge to be at the same horizontal elevation.
2.3 prefabricated external wall panel hoisting
1. The inserted and leaning placed external wall panels can be directly lifted from the vehicle;
2. hoisting is carried out according to an installation design drawing and a preset installation sequence, and the hoisting is carried out from a plate farthest from the tower crane in principle, so that a closed outer enclosure structure is formed;
3. when the external wall panel is hoisted, two-point hoisting or four-point hoisting is adopted according to the quantity of the hoisting nails pre-embedded on the wall panel. The hoisting steel wire rope is vertically and stably positioned, and the included angle between the hoisting steel wire rope and the horizontal plane of the member is not less than 60 degrees. Care was taken to slowly place the wallboard over the spacer after lifting.
2.4 installation of prefabricated external wall panel
1. Each external wall panel is usually fixed by two inclined struts, the upper parts of the inclined struts are fixed at the 2/3-level position of the upper part of the external wall panel by special bolts, and the bottoms of the inclined struts are anchored with the ground (or floor) by expansion bolts or special bolts; the included angle between the support and the horizontal floor is 40-50 degrees;
2. during installation, the crane hook on the external wall panel must be released after ensuring that the two diagonal braces are firmly installed.
2.5 precast external wall panel correction
1. And (4) finely adjusting the position of the prefabricated external wall panel by using a crowbar according to the ground control sideline. The edge of the external wall panel component is overlapped with the ground control sideline;
2. the perpendicularity adjustment of the prefabricated external wall panel is realized by adjusting threaded sleeves on two inclined supports, and the two inclined supports are adjusted simultaneously;
3. after the prefabricated external wall panel is hoisted in place, the width of a seam at the bottom of the external wall panel and the verticality of a component are rechecked;
4. the prefabricated external wall panel should be horizontal, vertical seam difference in height carries out strict control, ensures that prefabricated construction and cast-in-place structure are strict according to the design drawing reservation 2 centimeters gap.
2.6 mounting connector
1. Connecting the external wall panel connecting piece with the sleeve pre-embedded on the external wall panel by using a special fixing bolt;
2. the outer wall plates are connected with one another and are provided with a group of (four) connecting pieces;
3. when the connecting piece is installed, the height difference of the seams of the outer vertical surfaces is observed;
4. and after the connecting piece is installed, a specially-assigned person is required to check and accept the installation quality of the prefabricated external wall panel.
3 prefabricated external wall panel gap grouting
3.1 the building rubbish clearance is accomplished after the floor formwork support is demolishd and in the floor, demolishs side fascia bearing diagonal and connecting piece, carries out prefabricated side fascia gap grout. The main construction sequence is as follows: cleaning a base layer → plugging a gap peripheral template or mortar → stirring grouting material → grouting → maintaining → performing a water spraying test.
3.2 basic level cleaning
1. And cleaning sundries in the gap at the joint of the top of the external wall panel and the superposed beam by using a soot blower, and cleaning the gap by using a high-pressure water gun.
2. The bottom of the external wall plate is connected with the floor or the rabbet, loose concrete and floating slurry are chiseled off, and impurities such as concrete slag, floating ash and the like are cleaned by high-pressure water.
3.3 gap periphery formwork or mortar plugging
1. The horizontal gap of the joint of the top of the external wall panel and the superposed beam is narrower, generally about 10mm, the gap around the joint is filled with mortar, a PVC pipe with the diameter of 10mm is embedded in the position of the prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and is used as a grouting pipe, and exhaust holes are reserved in the positions of the tops of end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel so as to prevent air from being trapped in the grouting process and cause quality defects such as grouting incompact and holes.
2. The gap plugging of side fascia bottom adopts the template shutoff: the horizontal gap at the joint of the bottom of the external wall panel and the superposed beam is narrower, generally about 20mm, the periphery of the horizontal gap at the joint of the external wall panel and the inverted ridge rabbet is sealed by an extruded sheet and a template, and a PVC pipe with the diameter of 20mm is pre-embedded at the position of the prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and is used as a grouting pipe. The embedded PVC pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the gap, and the pipe orifice of the exposed part is upward; and double faced adhesive tapes are adhered to the joint surface of the template and the concrete to prevent slurry leakage. And the exhaust holes are reserved at the top positions of end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel so as to prevent the air from being trapped in the grouting process and prevent the quality defects of grouting incompact, holes and the like.
3.4 grouting material stirring
Pouring the grouting material into a stirring barrel, adding water while stirring until the water content reaches 80%, stirring for 3-4 min, and then adding the remaining 20% of water. Stirring is required to be not less than 5 min. Waterproof powder is added in the stirring process, and the adding amount is controlled according to 5 percent of the content of the grouting material.
The fluidity of the stirred mixture decreases as the standing time increases. The water should be used up within 10min from the time of adding water.
3.5 grouting
Before grouting, the required slurry volume is calculated preliminarily, the practical slurry amount for pouring is not required to generate an overlarge error with the calculated value, and the slurry shortage in the middle is prevented. The grouting pressure of the automatic grouting machine is not less than 0.1Mpa in the grouting process.
The concrete construction steps are as follows:
1. before grouting, the surface of the template and the concrete foundation is wetted, but no water is accumulated.
2. And grouting is carried out along the grouting opening from one end to the other end in sequence, when grouting occurs at the plugging position of the template or the mortar, grouting is stopped, and secondary grouting is carried out after half an hour. After secondary grouting, if grouting occurs at the grouting pipe or outside the plug, stopping grouting, pulling out the exhaust pipe, enabling the grouting pipe to extend into a grouting opening by 20mm, grouting and plugging the small hole at the grouting pipe and the exhaust rubber pipe, pulling out the grouting pipe after grouting is completed, and scraping by using a scraper.
3. And (4) after 12 hours of grouting, removing the template, shoveling slurry at the slurry leaking position, grinding the surface to be flat, and then carrying out natural maintenance.
3.6 Water spray test
And (3) performing a water spraying test 24 hours after grouting is finished, spraying water inwards from a gap on the outer side of the external wall panel, wherein the water pressure of the water spraying test is not less than 0.3Mpa, the distance between the spray head and the reverse ridge or the tongue-and-groove is not more than 150mm, and the continuous water spraying time is not less than 10 min. In the water spraying test process, whether water seepage occurs in indoor gaps or not is observed in time, observation records are made, leakage points are marked, epoxy resin is used for repairing the leakage points, and the water spraying test is carried out on the leakage points again after treatment until the leakage points do not appear.
4 sealing the joints with sealant
4.1 base layer cleaning: the floating ash, concrete slag and other impurities in the gap are cleaned by a brush.
4.2 backing material priming: the backing material with the diameter of 10mm or 20mm is reasonably selected according to the width of the gap, and the polyethylene foam rod which is sealed, fixed, not rotten, non-absorbent, soft and elastic is selected for filling. The backing material is inserted into the cleaned seams to ensure adequate compaction of the glue stick. After the construction of the backing material is finished, a seam edge layer is adhered by a masking tape in order to avoid polluting the periphery of the base layer when the next process is carried out.
4.3 gluing: and (4) gluing by adopting a Xika single-component polyurethane seam sealant. And selecting a gun nozzle with a proper caliber according to the width of the wall seam, and putting the sealant into the gun. The sealant is slowly and uniformly extruded along the joint at an angle of about 45 degrees downwards, and in order to avoid the generation of a cavity in the sealant, the joint is filled with the sealant and a little of the sealant overflows outwards. After the construction of the sealing glue is completed, the sealing glue is compacted and stricken by a tongue depressor, the tool is ensured to be clean in the stricken compacting process, repeated strickling is not required, and the glue is ensured to be tightly connected with the two sides of the wall gap. In the process of removing the masking paper, attention should be paid to not polluting the wall surface, meanwhile, the decorated adhesive surface is kept, the parts which do not meet the requirements are immediately trimmed, and in order to ensure that the wall seam has better appearance quality, the surface is trimmed by using a trimming agent, so that liquid cannot penetrate into the joint of the seam. The sealant which is just applied needs to be protected in the construction in rainy days, so that the surface layer is prevented from being damaged by rainwater, the appearance is prevented from being influenced, and the ventilation is ensured.
In conclusion, the prefabricated external wall panel joint waterproof method carries out waterproof of the prefabricated external wall panel joint through three aspects of structural waterproof, gap node waterproof and material waterproof (the shape of the groove and the groove with the high inside and the low outside of the prefabricated external wall panel, the inverted ridge, the groove and groove shaping template, the gap node grouting and the Xika sealing glue sealing). According to the invention, the U-shaped stirrups and the ladder bars are adopted, the pouring elevation and the positioning of the top surface of the inverted ridge can be accurately controlled, the problems of wallboard installation deviation and the like caused by elevation and position deviation are avoided, the formwork running in the pouring process is avoided by adopting the installation of the shaping template and the reinforcement of the U-shaped hoop, and the pouring forming quality of the inverted ridge and the rabbet is improved. The invention has reasonable design, convenient installation and disassembly, reduced construction period and greatly improved construction quality and progress.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (9)
1. The waterproof construction method for the joints of the external wall panels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, installing a reverse ridge and tongue-and-groove shaping template, and pouring concrete on the reverse ridge and the tongue-and-groove;
secondly, controlling the installation and elevation of the prefabricated external wall panel, including positioning and paying off and elevation control, hoisting the prefabricated external wall panel, installing the prefabricated external wall panel, correcting the prefabricated external wall panel and installing a connecting piece;
thirdly, grouting the gaps of the prefabricated external wall panel, including base layer cleaning, adopting a template or mortar to block the gaps, stirring grouting materials, grouting and water spraying tests;
and fourthly, sealing the joints by adopting a sealant, wherein the sealing comprises backing material priming and western Ka single-component polyurethane joint sealant priming.
2. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step one, a U-shaped stirrup is connected with a stirrup of the superposed beam in the installation of the inverted sill and the rabbet shaping template, and ladder bars are welded on the U-shaped stirrup according to the width of the inverted sill; the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die comprises an anti-ridge outer die, an anti-ridge inner die and an anti-ridge top template, and the anti-ridge and rabbet shaping die is manufactured according to the lengths of the anti-ridge and the rabbet; the anti-bank outside mould adopts the steel wire to fix with the flitch, adopts the U-shaped clamp to consolidate after anti-bank inside mould and the installation of anti-bank top template are accomplished.
3. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the concrete pouring of the reverse ridge and the rabbet in the step one, a phi 30 vibrating rod is adopted to vibrate and compact the concrete, and the concrete is poured for one-step forming, so that a cold seam is not formed at the positions of the reverse ridge and the rabbet; and after the pouring is finished, removing and chiseling the exposed coarse aggregate on the top surface of the reverse ridge and plastering the coarse aggregate with cement paste to ensure that the top surface of the U-shaped stirrup is rib-free.
4. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: hoisting the prefabricated external wall panel in the second step comprises the following steps:
(1) the inserting type and leaning type external wall panels can be directly lifted from the vehicle;
(2) hoisting is carried out according to an installation design drawing and a preset installation sequence, and installation is carried out block by block from a plate farthest from the tower crane in principle to form a closed outer enclosure structure;
(3) when the external wall panel is hoisted, two-point or four-point hoisting is adopted according to the number of the hoisting nails pre-embedded on the wall panel, the wall panel is vertically and stably placed in place, the included angle between the hoisting steel wire rope and the horizontal plane of the component is not less than 60 degrees, and the wall panel is carefully and slowly placed on the gasket after hoisting;
the installation prefabricated side fascia includes:
(1) each external wall panel needs to be fixed by two inclined struts, the upper parts of the inclined struts are fixed at the 2/3-height position of the upper part of the external wall panel through special bolts, and the bottoms of the inclined struts are anchored with the ground by expansion bolts or special bolts; the included angle between the support and the horizontal floor is 40-50 degrees;
(2) in the installation process, the crane hook on the external wall panel can be removed after the two inclined struts are firmly installed.
5. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the step of blocking the gap by adopting the template or the mortar comprises the following steps:
(1) the horizontal gap at the joint of the top of the external wall panel and the composite beam is narrower, mortar is firstly filled into the peripheral gap by 10mm, PVC pipes with the diameter of 10mm are pre-buried at the position of a prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and are used as grouting pipes, and exhaust holes are reserved at the top positions of end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel so as to prevent the air from being trapped in the grouting process and cause the quality defects of grouting incompact and holes and the like;
(2) the gap plugging of the bottom of the external wall panel adopts the template plugging: the horizontal gap at the joint of the bottom of the external wall panel and the superposed beam is narrower, the periphery of the horizontal gap at the joint of the external wall panel and the tongue-and-groove of the inverted ridge is blocked by an extruded sheet and a template, and a PVC pipe with the diameter of 20mm is embedded in the position of the prefabricated external wall panel connecting piece in the indoor horizontal direction and is used as a grouting pipe; the embedded PVC pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the gap, and the pipe orifice of the exposed part is upward; and the joint surface of the template and the concrete is pasted with double faced adhesive tape to prevent slurry leakage, and exhaust holes are reserved at the top positions of the end templates at two sides of the prefabricated external wall panel to prevent air from being trapped in the grouting process, so that the quality defects of grouting incompact, holes and the like are overcome.
6. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stirring grouting material and grouting in the third step comprise:
(1) pouring the grouting material into a stirring barrel, adding water while stirring until the water content reaches 80%, stirring for 3-4 min, then adding the remaining 20% of water, stirring for not less than 5min, and adding waterproof powder during stirring, wherein the mixing amount is controlled according to 5% of the content of the grouting material;
(2) the stirred mixture is used up within 10min from the water addition; before grouting, preliminarily calculating the required slurry volume, wherein the practical grouting slurry quantity should not generate an overlarge error with a calculated value, so that the middle slurry shortage is prevented, and the grouting pressure of an automatic grouting machine is not less than 0.1Mpa in the grouting process;
(3) before grouting, wetting the surface of the template and the concrete foundation without water accumulation;
(4) grouting is carried out along the grouting opening from one end to the other end in sequence, when grouting occurs at the plugging position of the template or the mortar, grouting is stopped, and secondary grouting is carried out after half an hour; after secondary grouting, if grouting occurs at the grouting pipe or outside the plug, stopping grouting, pulling out the exhaust pipe, enabling the grouting pipe to extend into a grouting opening by 20mm, grouting and plugging a small hole at the grouting pipe and the exhaust rubber pipe, pulling out the grouting pipe after grouting is finished, and scraping by using a scraper;
(5) and after 12 hours of grouting, removing the template, shoveling slurry at the slurry leaking part, grinding the surface to be flat, and then carrying out natural maintenance.
7. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the backing material priming in the fourth step comprises: backing materials with the diameter of 10mm or 20mm are reasonably selected according to the width of the gap, and polyethylene foam rods which are sealed, fixed, not rotten, non-absorbent, soft and elastic are selected for filling; the back lining material is inserted into the cleaned seam to ensure that the glue stick is fully compacted; after the construction of the backing material is finished, a seam edge layer is pasted by a masking paper adhesive tape when the next procedure is carried out.
8. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step four of adopting the Xika single-component polyurethane seam sealant for gluing comprises the following steps: according to the width of the wall seam, selecting a gun nozzle with a proper caliber, putting the sealant into the gun, downwards making the gun nozzle approximately 45 degrees, slowly and uniformly extruding the sealant along the seam, and in order to avoid the generation of a cavity in the sealant, filling the seam with the sealant and slightly overflowing;
after the sealing glue is completely constructed, a tongue depressor is used for compacting and strickling, the tool is ensured to be clean in the strickling and compacting process, repeated strickling is not required, and the glue is ensured to be tightly connected with the two sides of the wall gap; the method comprises the following steps of removing the masking paper, not polluting the wall surface, keeping the modified glue surface, immediately finishing the part which does not meet the requirement, finishing the surface by using a finishing agent in order to ensure good appearance quality of the wall seam, and preventing liquid from permeating into the joint; the sealing glue which is just applied needs to be protected in the construction in rainy days, so that the surface layer is prevented from being damaged by rainwater, and the ventilation is ensured.
9. The exterior wall panel joint waterproof construction method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: one end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the inner side of the reverse sill, is longer than one end of the U-shaped hoop, which is close to the outer side of the reverse sill; and a groove for positioning the inner die of the reverse ridge and the template at the top of the reverse ridge is formed on the top side in the U-shaped clamp.
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| CN113322892A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 安徽水安建设集团股份有限公司 | River course slope protection surface lining cast-in-place concrete expansion joint structure and construction method thereof |
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| CN115012654A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-06 | 中铁城建集团第二工程有限公司 | Waterproof construction method and device for joints of external wall panels |
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