CN110865033A - Imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux and control method thereof - Google Patents
Imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux, which comprises a photoelectric detector and a light flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, wherein the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux adaptive control window, and the light flux adaptive control window is used for adaptively controlling the light flux of each position of the light flux adaptive control window based on the gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photoelectric detector. The invention also discloses a control method corresponding to the imaging detection device. The invention can self-adaptively/automatically regulate and control the light intensity at the front end of the detector, avoid the problems of saturation and nonuniform light receiving of the detector, expand the dynamic range of target detection, make the light receiving quantity of the whole detector more uniform and improve the detection capability under the background conditions of low contrast and high brightness. In addition, frequent manual dimming operation can be avoided, the detection process is more automatic and convenient, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric detection, and particularly relates to an imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux amount and a control method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, people explore space more and more frequently, and a large number of space targets including normally-operated satellites and various space debris float in outer space, which poses serious threats to normally-operated spacecrafts and satellites. The space target monitoring mainly utilizes a telescope to carry out real-time observation, tracking and early warning on the space target, and effective detection of the target is the premise and guarantee of the space target monitoring. Due to the long observation distance, the target usually occupies dozens of pixels or even a few pixels on the imaging system, and is very weak. Meanwhile, the image has a large amount of noise interference, and the target signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low. Furthermore, during the day, due to the presence of a strong daylighting background, especially near the sun, the weak signal of the target is completely drowned in the daylighting background radiation. Therefore, daytime detection has always been a challenge.
Because the optical system cannot be absolutely ideal, the light receiving quantity of all positions of the target surface of the detector is often uneven, and the pan bottom effect of bright middle and dark edge of the image is easily caused. If located near a strong object such as the sun, the detector is easily saturated and a trapezoidal image with light near the sun and dark far from the sun may appear. Meanwhile, the detection system often has a lot of stray light and dirty points, which causes irregular brightness fluctuation of the image. These phenomena have great influence on the detection in the daytime, and it can be said that the problems of detector saturation and uneven light reception are one of the biggest obstacles to improving the detection capability in the daytime.
In order to improve daytime detectability, optical filtering techniques and digital image processing techniques are mainly used at present. The filtering technology is to perform narrow-band or polarization filtering on the natural light background by using a filter device such as a filter or a polarizing plate, thereby reducing the amount of light passing through the natural light background while maintaining the target energy. The technology can effectively weaken the background intensity and improve the target contrast, but cannot completely avoid the saturation of the detector and also cannot solve the problem of uneven light receiving of the detector. The digital image processing includes image filtering technology, image background prediction and subtraction technology, image multi-frame accumulation technology and the like. Although the image processing technologies can greatly improve the detection capability and solve the problem of uneven light reception to a certain extent, the method also has an inherent defect that the acquired image is always subjected to post-processing, the final result is limited by the information received by the front-end detector, and the digital image processing has a certain limit on the improvement of the detection capability if the detector is saturated. Moreover, since the image information contains the influence components of the optical system, the sun, and the stray light, the problem of light receiving unevenness cannot be completely overcome.
In summary, the invention discloses an imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux amount and a control method thereof, which can solve the problems of detector saturation and nonuniform light receiving in photoelectric detection under a strong background condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the saturation and the nonuniform light receiving of a detector in photoelectric detection under the strong background condition are avoided.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the light flux comprises a photoelectric detector and a light flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, wherein the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux adaptive control window, and the light flux adaptive control window is used for adaptively controlling the light flux of each position of the light flux adaptive control window based on the gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the light flux adaptive control window comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates, the two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used as an input end of the light flux adaptive control window and is connected with an output end of the photoelectric detector, and an imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizing plate and then enters the photoelectric detector through the other polarizing plate.
Preferably, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator includes a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and the liquid crystal spatial light modulator may apply a voltage corresponding to a gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photodetector to each of the independent units, so as to change a light intensity of light transmitted by each of the independent units, thereby implementing adaptive control of a light transmission amount.
A control method of an imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the luminous flux is used for controlling the imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the luminous flux, the imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the luminous flux comprises a photoelectric detector and a luminous flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the luminous flux adaptive control window, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring an imaging image by the photoelectric detector, and executing the step S2;
s2, converting the imaging image into gray scale distribution information, sending the gray scale distribution information to a light flux amount adaptive control window, and executing the step S3;
s3, the self-adaptive light-flux control window adjusts the self-light-flux based on the gray-scale distribution information, so that the imaging light beam is emitted to the photoelectric detector, and the step S1 is executed until the detection process is finished.
Preferably, the light flux adaptive control window comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates, the two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used as an input end of the light flux adaptive control window and is connected with an output end of the photoelectric detector, and an imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizing plate and then enters the photoelectric detector through the other polarizing plate.
Preferably, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator includes a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and in step S3, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator applies a voltage corresponding to the gray scale distribution of the imaging image obtained by the photodetector to each independent unit, so as to change the light intensity of the light transmitted by each independent unit, thereby implementing adaptive control of the amount of transmitted light.
Preferably, the method of calculating the corresponding voltage of each individual cell comprises:
(1) counting the gray distribution of the image, calculating an image segmentation threshold value by using an Otsu method between maximum classes, and carrying out binarization processing on the image;
(2) filtering stray noise of the image after binarization processing by adopting a binary morphological filter, counting a connected region by utilizing a binary image connected region marking method based on line segment scanning, and judging and separating a local saturated region;
(3) local saturated imaging is carried out on the photoelectric detector, and voltage is applied to pixels of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, so that the gray level of an image in a saturated area of the processed photoelectric detector is consistent with the gray level of an image in a non-saturated area, and the uniform background of the image of the whole photoelectric detector is ensured;
(4) and imaging the overall saturation of the photoelectric detector, and applying the same voltage to the whole pixel of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator to keep the quantized median of the gray scale of the whole image of the processed photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the method for judging and separating the local saturated regions is that when there is only one connected region of the binary image, the connected region is judged to be the local saturated region of the detector image; otherwise, judging that the imaging of the detector is saturated or normal according to whether the image gray scale distribution is concentrated in a high-brightness range.
Preferably, the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is calculated by light transmittance, so as to calculate the corresponding voltage of each independent cell, and the functional relation β (U) between the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator and the light transmittance is obtained by a test calibration mode in advance.
In summary, the present invention discloses an imaging detection apparatus based on adaptive control of a light flux amount, which includes a photodetector and a light flux amount adaptive control window disposed at a front end of the photodetector, wherein an output end of the photodetector is electrically connected to a feedback signal input end of the light flux amount adaptive control window, and the light flux amount adaptive control window is configured to adaptively control the light flux amount at each position of the light flux amount adaptive control window based on a gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photodetector. The invention also discloses a control method corresponding to the imaging detection device. The invention can self-adaptively/automatically regulate and control the light intensity at the front end of the detector, avoid the problems of saturation and nonuniform light receiving of the detector, expand the dynamic range of target detection, make the light receiving quantity of the whole detector more uniform and improve the detection capability under the background conditions of low contrast and high brightness. In addition, frequent manual dimming operation can be avoided, the detection process is more automatic and convenient, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
For purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an imaging detection device based on adaptive control of luminous flux according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the writing light, reading light and output light definitions of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator pixel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electro-optic effect of liquid crystal without an applied electric field;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electro-optic effect of liquid crystals after an electric field is applied;
FIG. 5 is a partial saturation image of a photodetector before modulation;
FIG. 6 is a local saturation region extracted from an image;
fig. 7 shows the result of fig. 5 after the adaptive window is turned on.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses an imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux, which comprises a photoelectric detector and a light flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, wherein the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux adaptive control window, and the light flux adaptive control window is used for adaptively controlling the light flux of each position of the light flux adaptive control window based on the gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photoelectric detector.
The invention can self-adaptively/automatically regulate and control the light intensity at the front end of the detector, avoid the problems of saturation and nonuniform light receiving of the detector, expand the dynamic range of target detection, make the light receiving quantity of the whole detector more uniform and improve the detection capability under the background conditions of low contrast and high brightness. In addition, frequent manual dimming operation can be avoided, the detection process is more automatic and convenient, and the working efficiency is improved.
In specific implementation, the light flux adaptive control window comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates, the two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used as an input end of the light flux adaptive control window and is connected with an output end of the photoelectric detector, and an imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizing plate and then enters the photoelectric detector through the other polarizing plate.
In specific implementation, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator comprises a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and the liquid crystal spatial light modulator can apply voltage corresponding to gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photoelectric detector to each independent unit, so that the light intensity of each independent unit is changed, and adaptive control of the light transmission amount is realized.
The invention realizes the light flux adaptive control of the light flux adaptive control window through a polaroid and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. As shown in FIG. 1, a light flux adaptive control window consisting of two orthogonal polarizing plates and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator is added at the front end of the photoelectric detector. Liquid crystal spatial light modulators are a class of devices that can load information onto a one-or two-dimensional optical data field to efficiently exploit the inherent speed, parallelism, and interconnection capabilities of light. Such devices may change the amplitude or intensity, phase, polarization, and wavelength of a spatially distributed light distribution or convert incoherent light into coherent light under the control of a time-varying electrical or other signal. The invention mainly applies the light intensity regulation function of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Liquid crystal spatial light modulators contain a number of individual cells that are spatially arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array. Each cell can independently receive control of the optical signal, and utilize various physical effects to change its optical properties, thereby modulating the light waves illuminated thereon. These individual cells are generally referred to as "pixels" of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, signals for controlling the pixels are referred to as "write light" (actually, an electric field is input, and not a true light signal), input light to be modulated is referred to as "read light", and light emitted after passing through the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is referred to as "output light", as shown in fig. 2. The writing light contains information that controls the individual pixels, and the process of feeding this information separately to the corresponding pixel locations is generally referred to as "addressing".
The invention also discloses a control method of the imaging detection device based on the self-adaptive control of the light flux, which is used for controlling the imaging detection device based on the self-adaptive control of the light flux, the imaging detection device based on the self-adaptive control of the light flux comprises a photoelectric detector and a light flux self-adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux self-adaptive control window, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring an imaging image by the photoelectric detector, and executing the step S2;
s2, converting the imaging image into gray scale distribution information, sending the gray scale distribution information to a light flux amount adaptive control window, and executing the step S3;
s3, the self-adaptive light-flux control window adjusts the self-light-flux based on the gray-scale distribution information, so that the imaging light beam is emitted to the photoelectric detector, and the step S1 is executed until the detection process is finished.
In the invention, an imaging image captured by the photoelectric detector is subjected to low-pass filtering and then converted into a voltage signal, and then the voltage signal is fed back to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator in a closed loop manner, so that voltage corresponding to the gray level of the filtered image is applied to each pixel of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
In specific implementation, the light flux adaptive control window comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates, the two orthogonally arranged polarizing plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used as an input end of the light flux adaptive control window and is connected with an output end of the photoelectric detector, and an imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizing plate and then enters the photoelectric detector through the other polarizing plate.
In specific implementation, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator includes a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and in step S3, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator applies a voltage corresponding to the gray scale distribution of an imaging image obtained by the photodetector to each independent unit, so as to change the light intensity of each independent unit, thereby implementing adaptive control of the amount of light passing.
In specific implementation, the method for calculating the corresponding voltage of each independent unit comprises the following steps:
(1) counting the gray distribution of the image, calculating an image segmentation threshold value by using an Otsu method between maximum classes, and carrying out binarization processing on the image;
(2) filtering stray noise of the image after binarization processing by adopting a binary morphological filter, counting a connected region by utilizing a binary image connected region marking method based on line segment scanning, and judging and separating a local saturated region;
(3) local saturated imaging is carried out on the photoelectric detector, and voltage is applied to pixels of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, so that the gray level of an image in a saturated area of the processed photoelectric detector is consistent with the gray level of an image in a non-saturated area, and the uniform background of the image of the whole photoelectric detector is ensured;
(4) and imaging the overall saturation of the photoelectric detector, and applying the same voltage to the whole pixel of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator to keep the quantized median of the gray scale of the whole image of the processed photoelectric detector.
In specific implementation, the method for judging and separating the local saturated regions is that when only one connected region of the binary image exists, the connected region is judged to be the local saturation of the imaging of the detector, and the connected region is the local saturated region; otherwise, judging that the imaging of the detector is saturated or normal according to whether the image gray scale distribution is concentrated in a high-brightness range.
If the mean value of the gray level image with the quantization digit of 8 is more than or equal to 200, judging that the imaging global saturation of the detector is achieved, otherwise, judging that the imaging of the detector is normal.
In specific implementation, the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is calculated through light transmittance, so that the corresponding voltage of each independent unit is calculated, and the functional relation β (U) between the voltage value applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator and the light transmittance is obtained in a test and calibration mode in advance.
The working principle of the adaptive control window for the amount of light passing can be explained by the electrically controlled birefringence effect of the liquid crystal. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a nematic N-type liquid crystal cell having one molecular axis aligned perpendicular to the surface is placed in a crossed polarizer P1And P2In the meantime. Since birefringence does not occur in the direction of the optical axis of the liquid crystal, which is the long axis direction of the nematic N-type liquid crystal molecules, when no electric field is applied, the polarization direction of linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal is not affected by the liquid crystal molecules, and thus the polarizing plate P cannot be transmitted2The liquid crystal cell is opaque. When an electric field exceeding a threshold value is applied between two poles of a liquid crystal box, the theory proves that the N-type liquid crystal keeps the internal energy to be minimum, and the molecular axis of the N-type liquid crystal tries to turn to the direction vertical to the electric field; and two substrates of the liquid crystal box are pretreated by a physical and chemical method, so that the molecular axis is aligned with P1And P2The transmission axes are all turned in a plane at an angle of 45 deg. to the direction of the electric field at an angle of inclination (denoted by phi), the magnitude of which depends on the electric field. The liquid crystal molecule axis direction, i.e. the optical axis direction, i.e. the tilt angle phi between the liquid crystal optical axis direction and the electric field direction, and the magnitude of phi changes with the electric field intensity, so the phase difference between the two birefringent light beams also changes. When linearly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal, the linearly polarized light is decomposed into ordinary light (o light) and extraordinary light (e light) due to a birefringence effect. Assuming that the refractive index of o light is n when no electric field is appliedoE optical refractive index of neThen e optical refractive index after electric field application
If the thickness of the liquid crystal box is d and the wavelength of the incident light is lambda, the phase difference between o light and e light after passing through the liquid crystal box is
When the intensity of light transmitted without applying an electric field is I, the intensity of light transmitted after applying an electric field is I
Due to n'eBy relying on the electric field, the transmitted light intensity is also dependent on the voltage applied to the cell. When the voltage is zero, phi is 0, and I' is 0; when the voltage increases to δ ═ pi, I' has a maximum value.
By utilizing the effect, the control of the light flux of any position of the front imaging light beam of the photoelectric detector can be realized by controlling the writing light of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator. After the applied voltage value of the image captured by the photoelectric detector is calculated by a control method, the writing light fed back to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is closed-loop, and the voltage related to the gray level of the filtered image is applied to each pixel (the relation between the voltage and the transmitted light intensity is calibrated in advance), so that the adaptive control of the light transmission quantity can be realized. The imaging before and after the adjustment is shown in fig. 5 and 6. Since the image feedback process is a well-known technology, it is not described herein in detail.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, while the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the light flux is characterized by comprising a photoelectric detector and a light flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, wherein the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux adaptive control window, and the light flux adaptive control window is used for adaptively controlling the light flux of each position of the light flux adaptive control window based on the gray scale distribution of an imaging image acquired by the photoelectric detector.
2. The imaging detection device based on adaptive control of the amount of light passing according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive control window of the amount of light passing comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizers, the two orthogonally arranged polarizers are respectively arranged at two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is connected with an output end of the photoelectric detector as an input end of the adaptive control window of the amount of light passing, and the imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizer and then enters the photoelectric detector through the other polarizer.
3. The imaging detection device based on adaptive control of the amount of light passing according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal spatial light modulator comprises a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and the liquid crystal spatial light modulator can apply a voltage corresponding to the gray distribution of the imaging image obtained by the photodetector to each independent unit, so that the light intensity of the light passing through each independent unit is changed, and the adaptive control of the amount of light passing is realized.
4. A control method of an imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the light flux is characterized in that the method is used for controlling the imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the light flux, the imaging detection device based on the adaptive control of the light flux comprises a photoelectric detector and a light flux adaptive control window arranged at the front end of the photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the feedback signal input end of the light flux adaptive control window, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring an imaging image by the photoelectric detector, and executing the step S2;
s2, converting the imaging image into gray scale distribution information, sending the gray scale distribution information to a light flux amount adaptive control window, and executing the step S3;
s3, the self-adaptive light-flux control window adjusts the self-light-flux based on the gray-scale distribution information, so that the imaging light beam is emitted to the photoelectric detector, and the step S1 is executed until the detection process is finished.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the adaptive control window comprises a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and two orthogonally arranged polarizers, the two orthogonally arranged polarizers are respectively arranged on two sides of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a feedback signal input end of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is connected with an output end of the photodetector as an input end of the adaptive control window, and the imaging light beam enters the liquid crystal spatial light modulator through one polarizer and then enters the photodetector through the other polarizer.
6. The method for controlling an imaging detection apparatus based on adaptive control of the amount of light flux according to claim 5, wherein the liquid crystal spatial light modulator includes a plurality of independent units arranged in an array, and in step S3, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator applies a voltage corresponding to the gray scale distribution of the imaging image obtained by the photodetector to each of the independent units, thereby changing the intensity of light transmitted by each of the independent units to realize adaptive control of the amount of light flux.
7. The method for controlling an imaging detection apparatus based on adaptive control of the amount of light flux according to claim 6, wherein the method for calculating the corresponding voltage of each individual unit comprises:
(1) counting the gray distribution of the image, calculating an image segmentation threshold value by using an Otsu method between maximum classes, and carrying out binarization processing on the image;
(2) filtering stray noise of the image after binarization processing by adopting a binary morphological filter, counting a connected region by utilizing a binary image connected region marking method based on line segment scanning, and judging and separating a local saturated region;
(3) local saturated imaging is carried out on the photoelectric detector, and voltage is applied to pixels of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, so that the gray level of an image in a saturated area of the processed photoelectric detector is consistent with the gray level of an image in a non-saturated area, and the uniform background of the image of the whole photoelectric detector is ensured;
(4) and imaging the overall saturation of the photoelectric detector, and applying the same voltage to the whole pixel of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator to keep the quantized median of the gray scale of the whole image of the processed photoelectric detector.
8. The control method of imaging detection device based on adaptive control of luminous flux according to claim 7, characterized in that the method of judging and separating the local saturation region is that when there is only one and only one connected region of the binarized image, it is judged that the detector is imaged locally saturated, and the connected region is a local saturation region; otherwise, judging that the imaging of the detector is saturated or normal according to whether the image gray scale distribution is concentrated in a high-brightness range.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the voltage applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator is calculated by calculating the corresponding voltage of each individual cell by calculating the light transmittance, and the functional relationship β (U) between the voltage applied to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator and the light transmittance is obtained by a test calibration method.
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