CN116907647A - Strong light interference resistant polarization imaging device and imaging method for spatial light modulation - Google Patents
Strong light interference resistant polarization imaging device and imaging method for spatial light modulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A polarization imaging device and a method for resisting strong light interference of spatial light modulation relate to the field of optical detection. The problems that most of the existing imaging devices are limited by target wavelength, the light intensity reflected by a target is difficult to distinguish from the interference light intensity, and the interference of strong light cannot be resisted are solved; the problem that the image with the highest contrast and the highest definition is difficult to automatically obtain due to the lack of an adaptive aperture adjusting technology. The invention provides the following scheme: the device comprises a spatial light modulation system, an image definition evaluation system and an adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system; the spatial light modulation system is used for collecting optical signals, modulating the optical signals to generate electric signals, and sending the electric signals to the image definition evaluation system; the image definition evaluation system sends the electric signal to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system; the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system is used for receiving the electric signals, adjusting the aperture value and the image definition of the electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the spatial light modulation system. The optical detection device is suitable for the optical detection working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical detection.
Background
Along with the progress and development of science and technology, dark and weak space targets in strong light background become important directions of future scientific research, and the targets are interfered by radar scattering and infrared radiation capability, and complex environment backgrounds such as an atmospheric transmission path, cloud scene clutter, surface radiation and the like, and the radiation brightness is likely to be close to the background or even weaker, so that the detectable distance, early warning time and detection probability of the targets are greatly reduced. The optical detection has wide area monitoring and detecting capability with high precision, high timeliness and long distance, and has become an important development direction for early discovery, rapid detection and tracking identification of dark and weak targets under a strong light background.
The polarization imaging technology utilizes the polarization characteristic of light to obtain the characteristics of the polarization state, the spatial contour and the like of the target, thereby improving the contrast of the target in the image. Meanwhile, the polarization imaging detection system has the advantages of high stability, strong anti-interference capability, long detection distance and outstanding advantages in the field of dark and weak target detection.
The research on the space dark and weak target polarization detection technology has important application value for further promoting the development of space spacecraft autonomous cross docking, space target countermeasure and other aerospace technologies in China. The polarization characteristics of the dark and weak targets under the strong background are obtained by obtaining the polarization parameters of the space targets under the strong background, so that the purposes of improving the stability, the anti-interference capability, the detection accuracy and the like of the polarization detection system are achieved.
Currently, there are still some problems in detecting a dim target in a bright background: most imaging devices are limited by the target wavelength, so that the light intensity reflected by the target and the interference light intensity are difficult to distinguish, and the interference of strong light cannot be resisted; the lack of an adaptive aperture adjustment technique makes it difficult to automatically obtain an image with the highest contrast and the highest sharpness. Therefore, a new technology is required to solve the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that most of the existing imaging devices are limited by target wavelength, are difficult to distinguish the light intensity reflected by the target and the interference light intensity, and cannot resist the interference of strong light; the problem that the image with the highest contrast and the highest definition is difficult to automatically acquire due to the lack of an adaptive aperture adjustment technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a spatial light modulated anti-interference polarized imaging apparatus comprising: the polarization imaging device for resisting strong light interference comprises a spatial light modulation system, an image definition evaluation system and an adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system;
the spatial light modulation system is used for collecting optical signals, modulating the optical signals to generate electric signals, and sending the electric signals to the image definition evaluation system for inhibiting interference light intensity;
The image definition evaluation system is used for processing according to the received electric signals to obtain the definition of the acquired image, and transmitting the received electric signals to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system;
the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system is used for receiving the electric signals, adjusting aperture values and image definition according to the electric signals and outputting the aperture values and the image definition to the spatial light modulation system.
Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the spatial light modulation system comprises a telecentric optical system unit, a spatial light modulator unit, a semi-reflective semi-transparent filter unit, a first CCD polarization detector unit, a second CCD polarization detector unit, an image acquisition and feedback unit, a field editable gate array unit and a spatial light modulation controller unit;
the telecentric optical system unit sends the optical signal to a spatial light modulator unit, and the spatial light modulator unit transmits the received optical signal to a half-reflection half-transmission filter unit; the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit transmits the received optical signals to the first CCD polarization detector unit and the second CCD polarization detector unit respectively, and the optical signals are mutually transmitted between the first CCD polarization detector unit and the second CCD polarization detector unit;
The second CCD polarization detector unit converts the optical signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the image acquisition and feedback unit; the image acquisition and feedback unit transmits the received electric signals to the field editable gate array unit and the spatial light modulation controller unit; the spatial light modulation controller unit converts the received electric signals into optical signals and transmits the optical signals to the spatial light modulation controller unit, and the optical signals are used for realizing the estimation and optimization of the light intensity of the interference light.
Further, there is provided a preferred embodiment, the image sharpness evaluation system includes an image acquisition unit to be detected, a first computer unit; the image acquisition unit to be detected receives the optical signals of the first CCD polarization detector unit, converts the optical signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the first computer unit, and the first computer unit transmits the received electric signals to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system for calculating and evaluating the definition of the acquired images.
Further, there is provided a preferred embodiment, the adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system includes a second computer unit, a scene light intensity collector unit, a pid controller unit, an aperture adjustment controller unit;
The second computer unit receives the electric signal of the first computer unit and transmits the electric signal to the aperture adjusting controller unit; the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit converts the electric signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the scene light intensity collector unit, and feeds back the optical signal to the second computer unit, and the second computer unit is used for establishing a function mapping relation between an aperture value and image definition, and automatically adjusting aperture parameters through the image definition.
Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the first computer unit is embedded with a signal conversion module, and the signal conversion module converts the optical signal received by the first CCD polarization detector unit into an electrical signal.
Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the second computer unit is embedded with a signal integration module, and the signal integration module receives the electric signal of the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit and the optical signal converted by the electric signal in the scene light intensity collector unit.
The second scheme is a polarization imaging method of spatial light modulation for resisting strong light interference, the method is realized by adopting the device in any one of the first scheme, and the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the method comprises the steps that through a telecentric optical system unit, chief rays of the telecentric optical system unit are vertically incident on a spatial light modulator unit at the focal plane of an imaging objective lens, the spatial light modulator unit receives the chief rays from the telecentric optical system unit, the transmittance of interference light is reduced to zero, and the transmittance of signal light is kept unchanged; the light modulated by the spatial light modulator unit is transmitted to the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit;
step 2: the half-reflection and half-transmission filter unit refracts and reflects the processed optical signals, the reflected light is transmitted to the second CCD polarization detector unit for use and receives the reflected light from the half-reflection and half-transmission filter unit, and the refracted light is transmitted to the first CCD polarization detector unit; transmitting the received image signals to an image acquisition and feedback unit;
step 3: after the image signal is processed by the image acquisition and feedback unit, the interference light intensity is judgedSum signal light intensity->And transmitting the information to a field-editable gate array unit;
step 4: the editable gate array unit sends an adjustment instruction to the spatial light modulation controller unit in real time according to the judgment from the image acquisition and feedback unit; changing the transmittance of each pixel on the spatial light modulation controller unit;
Step 5: the first CCD polarization detector unit receives the refraction light from the semi-reflection semi-transmission filter unit and transmits the received image signal to the image definition evaluation system, and the whole spatial light modulation system realizes closed-loop negative feedback adjustment;
step 6: the image acquisition and feedback unit to be detected receives the image signal from the first CCD polarization detector unit and transmits the image signal to the first computer unit;
step 7: the first computer unit performs high-low threshold processing on the image to be detected, performs image segmentation, flat area definition calculation, edge area definition calculation, weighting summation to obtain the definition Y of the current image, and transmits information to the second computer unit of the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system;
step 8: the scene light intensity collector unit collects the current scene light intensity in real time and transmits the current scene light intensity to the second computer unit;
step 9: the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length is established through multiple times of training of the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit, and signals are transmitted to the second computer unit;
step 10: the second computer unit combines the image definition detected by the image definition evaluation system, the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length, which is established by training the scene light intensity acquired by the scene light intensity acquisition unit and the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit, obtains an accurate function mapping relation between the aperture value and the image quality, and transmits a mapping relation instruction to the aperture adjustment controller unit;
Step 11: the aperture adjustment controller unit receives a mapping relation instruction from the second computer unit, the whole system forms closed-loop control, and the aperture parameters of the first CCD polarization detector unit and the second CCD polarization detector unit are self-adaptively and automatically adjusted until an image closest to ideal definition is obtained.
Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the determination of the disturbance light intensitySum signal light intensityThe method of (1) is as follows:
when the second CCD polarization detector unit shoots four images with polarization directions of 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree respectively, the intensity is respectively marked as I 0 (u，v，s，t)、I 45 (u，v，s，t)、I 90 (u, v, s, t) and I 135 (u, v, s, t), then the linear Stokes vectors of the scene can be expressed as:
(1)
wherein: i (u, v, s, t) is the total light intensity of the scene; q (u, v, s, t) is the intensity difference in the horizontal and vertical directions; the intensity difference in the directions of U (U, v, s, t) is 45 DEG and 135 DEG, and the expression of the polarization degree P (U, v, s, t) and the polarization angle θ (U, v, s, t) is obtained by the above expression:
(2)
(3)
acquiring a polarization angle image of a central viewing angle, and selecting a polarization angle with the highest occurrence frequency as an interference light polarization angle theta B； Degree of polarization P of disturbing light B The maximum value of the central view angle polarization degree P (u, v, s, t) obtained after refocusing and fusing the view angle polarization degree diagrams is obtained;
(4)
(5)
When the shooting directions of 0 DEG and 90 DEG are defined as x-axis and y-axis respectively, the light intensity B of the polarized light portion is disturbed p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis are:
(6)
since the intensity of the images acquired in the x-axis and y-axis directions are respectively I 0 (u, v, s, t) and I 90 (u, v, s, t) interfering with the light intensity B of the polarized light portion p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis are again expressed as:
(7)
the light intensity of the polarized part of the obtained interference light is as follows:
(8)
as can be seen from the above, the intensity of the disturbing light at the central viewing angle is:
(9)
the original reflected light intensity L (u, v, s, t) of the target becomes unpolarized light by scattering effect, A ∞ (u, v, s, t) is the infinitely far interference light intensity, is with polarization degree P B Is a part of the channel polarized light:
(10)
then when the detection distance z → infinity, e （-z) And 0, obtaining the interference light intensity at infinity as follows:
(11)
the image acquired at the detector from the physical degradation model is expressed as:
(12)
selecting I 0 Infinity A obtained in (u, v, s, t) ∞ The nearest 1% of the pixel values of (u, v, s, t) and the original image intensity I (u, v, s, t) are taken as the infinity reflected light intensity value A' ∞；
The signal light intensity of the scene object is:
(13)。
further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the image sharpness evaluation method in step 7 includes:
The second computer unit analyzes the image to be detected, and introduces high and low threshold processing, and the expression of the process is as follows:（14）
GH is the maximum gradient value of the whole image, GL is the average value of the whole image, th is the gradient high threshold value, and Tl is the gradient low threshold value; g represents the original image gradient, and G' represents the image gradient after the high-low threshold processing;
taking the edge as a foreground, taking the flat area as a background, and realizing the segmentation of the edge and the flat area; the process expression is:
（15）
wherein Threshold is the optimal Threshold calculated by the Ostu method, and although the above process realizes the division of the edge region and the flat region, the process cannot remove the pseudo edge generated by the isolated noise point; e represents edges, NE represents flat areas;
in order to remove the false Edge generated by the isolated noise point, the gradient image after removing the false Edge is marked as Edge; the process expression is
（16）
The sum (i, j) represents the number of Edge points judged to be in eight adjacent areas of the pixel points (i, j), so that the image segmentation process is completed, and a final flat area NEdge and an Edge area Edge are obtained;
flat zone sharpness calculation:
the sharpness is calculated for the image flat area NEdge by using a point sharpness algorithm, and the definition of the image sharpness based on the point sharpness function is as follows:
（17）
Where df is the gray scale variation amplitude, dx is the distance increment between pixels, and mxn is the image size; (i, j) is an image pixel;
edge zone sharpness calculation:
calculating definition of the image flat area by using a normalized square gradient algorithm; the square gradient function is defined as follows:
（18）
since the above cannot realize the lateral contrast of the image definition of different sizes, the formula is normalized, specifically:
（19）
wherein the image size m×n, I (I, j) represents the pixel gray value at the image pixel point (I, j); image definition calculation:
the definition of the whole image is obtained by weighting and summing the definition of the flat area and the definition of the edge area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
（20）
wherein , andAnd weights corresponding to the flat zone definition and the edge zone definition respectively.
Further, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the method for obtaining the accurate function mapping relationship between the aperture value and the image quality in the step 10 is as follows:
the current scene light intensity is acquired by a scene light intensity collector unit, and the optimal aperture position is set asThe corresponding optimal definition is +.>, whereinIs an aperture evaluation value determined through experiments; under the condition of a certain scene light intensity, the image definition is in direct proportion to the square of the aperture position, Y represents the current definition value of the image, D represents the current aperture position, and the method comprises the following steps:
（21）
Wherein k is a scene light intensity proportion parameter, the second computer unit sets k according to the image definition information and the current aperture position, optimizes k value in real time according to the image information,
let the definition deviation valueAperture displacement->The following steps are:
（22）
at the same time, the diaphragm is displacedThe approximately similar linear relationship to the angle α of rotation is:
（23）
thus we can obtain the angle alpha and angle alpha of apertureThe relation of (2) is:
（24）
based on the above functional relationship, the formula obtained by simplification by the proportional integral derivative controller unit (33) is:
（25）。
the invention has the advantages that:
the invention carries out selective pixel-level light intensity modulation by controlling the spatial light modulator, and changes the transmittance of each pixel on the spatial light modulator. The transmittance of the interference light on the spatial light modulator is reduced to zero, and the transmittance of the signal light is kept unchanged. Further, the suppression of interference light is realized, and the image output without interference light is realized.
The invention uses self-adaptive aperture adjusting technique, builds accurate function mapping relation between aperture value and image quality through multiple training of proportional integral differential controller, and usually uses iterative method to continuously adjust aperture parameter to make image brightness approach target value, and improves image definition to the greatest extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spatial light modulation anti-interference polarization imaging device according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an image sharpness evaluation method of a spatial light modulation anti-strong light interference polarization imaging method according to the seventh embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an adaptive aperture automatic adjustment method in a polarization imaging device for anti-interference of strong light with seed spatial light modulation according to an embodiment.
The system comprises a spatial light modulation system 1, a telecentric optical system unit 11, a spatial light modulator unit 12, a semi-reflective semi-transparent filter unit 13, a first CCD polarization detector unit 14, a second CCD polarization detector unit 15, an image acquisition and feedback unit 16, a field editable gate array unit 17, a spatial light modulation controller unit 18, an image definition evaluation system 2, an image acquisition unit 21 to be detected, a first computer unit 22, a self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3, a second computer unit 31, a scene light intensity acquisition unit 32, a proportional-integral-differential controller unit 33 and an aperture adjustment controller unit 34.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
Embodiment one, this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1. The embodiment provides a polarization imaging device with spatial light modulation and strong light interference resistance, which comprises the following parts:
the polarization imaging device for resisting strong light interference comprises a spatial light modulation system 1, an image definition evaluation system 2 and an adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3;
the spatial light modulation system 1 is used for collecting optical signals, modulating the optical signals to generate electric signals, and sending the electric signals to the image definition evaluation system 2 for realizing interference light intensity suppression;
the image definition evaluation system 2 is used for processing according to the received electric signals to obtain the definition of the acquired image, and sending the received electric signals to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3;
the adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3 is configured to receive an electrical signal, adjust an aperture value and image sharpness according to the electrical signal, and output the adjusted aperture value and image sharpness to the spatial light modulation system 1.
The present embodiment further defines the connection relationship of the spatial light modulation system 1, the image sharpness evaluation system 2, and the adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3, so that the spatial light modulation system 1 can change the transmittance of each pixel according to the adjustment instruction. The transmittance of the interference light is reduced to zero, and the transmittance of the signal light is kept unchanged. And transmitting the light rays without interference light to the detector in real time.
In the second embodiment, the present embodiment is a polarization imaging device for resisting strong light interference of spatial light modulation provided in the first embodiment, where the spatial light modulation system 1 includes a telecentric optical system unit 11, a spatial light modulator unit 12, a semi-reflective and semi-transmissive filter unit 13, a first CCD polarization detector unit 14, a second CCD polarization detector unit 15, an image acquisition and feedback unit 16, a field editable gate array unit 17, and a spatial light modulation controller unit 18;
the telecentric optical system unit 11 transmits the optical signal to the spatial light modulator unit 12, and the spatial light modulator unit 12 transmits the received optical signal to the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit 13; the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit 13 transmits the received optical signals to the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 and the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 respectively, and the optical signals are mutually transmitted between the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 and the second CCD polarization detector unit 15;
the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 converts the optical signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the image acquisition and feedback unit 16; the image acquisition and feedback unit 16 transmits the received electrical signals to the field programmable gate array unit 17 and the spatial light modulation controller unit 18; the spatial light modulation controller unit 18 converts the received electrical signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the spatial light modulator unit 12 for realizing the estimation optimization of the interference light intensity.
The spatial light modulation system 1 described in the present embodiment includes a telecentric optical system unit 11, the telecentric optical system unit 11 being of BT-F series manufactured by BTOS vision science and technology company; LCoS spatial light modulator units 12 manufactured by hao-volume photonics corporation; the system comprises a GIAI semi-reflective semi-transparent filter unit 13 of the laser electro-optical company, a Symphony first CCD polarization detector unit 14 of the French HORIBA Jobin Yvon company, a Symphony second CCD polarization detector unit 15 of the French HORIBA Jobin Yvon company, a KV COM+ image acquisition and feedback unit 16 of the Kien company, a SALEAGLE field editable gate array unit 17 of Shanghai security science and technology, and an E-SERIES spatial light modulation controller unit 18 of the Hao-volume electro-optical company.
In a third embodiment, the present embodiment is a polarization imaging device for resisting interference of strong light of spatial light modulation provided in the first embodiment, where the image sharpness evaluation system 2 includes an image acquisition unit 21 to be detected and a first computer unit 22; the image acquisition unit 21 to be detected receives the optical signal of the first CCD polarization detector unit 14, converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the first computer unit 22, and the first computer unit 22 transmits the received electrical signal to the adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3 for calculating and evaluating the definition of the acquired image.
The image definition evaluation system processes the image to be detected by a high-low threshold value, image segmentation, flat area definition calculation, edge area definition calculation, weighted summation and finally obtains the definition Y of the current image.
In a fourth embodiment, the present embodiment is a polarization imaging device for resisting interference of strong light of the spatial light modulation provided in the first embodiment, where the adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3 includes a second computer unit 31, a scene light intensity collector unit 32, a pid controller unit 33, and an aperture adjustment controller unit 34;
the second computer unit 31 receives the electric signal of the first computer unit 22 and transmits the electric signal to the aperture adjustment controller unit 34; the pid controller unit 33 converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the scene light intensity collector unit 32, and feeds back the optical signal to the second computer unit 31, so as to establish a functional mapping relationship between the aperture value and the image definition, and continuously and automatically adjust the aperture parameter through the image definition.
In this embodiment, the second computer unit 31 calculates, acquires and optimizes the scene light intensity proportion parameter k and the current image definition Y in real time according to the image information and the current scene light intensity, and formulates the relationship between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length after multiple simulations by the pid control unit to obtain an accurate function mapping relationship between the aperture value and the image quality, so as to realize self-adaptive automatic adjustment on the aperture parameters of the first CCD polarization detector unit and the second CCD polarization detector unit until the image closest to the ideal definition is obtained.
The self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3 in the embodiment adopts an RS485 scene light intensity collector unit 32 of intelligent communication company, an SR470 proportional-integral-derivative controller unit 33 of the Elsholtzia technology and an XF300 aperture adjustment controller unit 34 of the Sony company of Japan; therefore, the connection relation of each unit in the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system 3 is further limited, an accurate function mapping relation between an aperture value and image quality is established through multiple training of a proportional-integral-derivative controller by using a self-adaptive aperture adjusting technical means, and aperture parameters are continuously adjusted by using an iterative method to enable the image brightness to approach a target value, so that the image definition is improved to the greatest extent.
In the fifth embodiment, the present embodiment is a polarization imaging device for resisting interference of strong light of spatial light modulation provided in the third embodiment, and the first computer unit 22 is embedded with a signal conversion module, where the signal conversion module converts an optical signal received by the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 into an electrical signal.
In the sixth embodiment, the present embodiment is a polarization imaging device for resisting interference of strong light of spatial light modulation provided in the fourth embodiment, and the second computer unit 31 is embedded with a signal integration module, where the signal integration module receives an electrical signal of the pid controller unit 33 and an optical signal converted from the electrical signal in the scene light intensity collector unit 32.
The fifth and sixth embodiments further define the internal structures of the first computer unit 22 and the second computer unit 31, thereby realizing signal conversion in the polarization imaging device resistant to strong light interference of the spatial light modulation.
An embodiment seven, the present embodiment provides a spatial light modulation anti-interference polarization imaging method, where the method is implemented by the apparatus according to any one of the embodiments one to four, and the method includes the following steps:
step 1: the main light rays of the telecentric optical system unit 11 are vertically incident on a spatial light modulator unit 12 at the focal plane of the imaging objective lens through the telecentric optical system unit 11, the spatial light modulator unit 12 receives the main light rays from the telecentric optical system unit 11, the transmittance of the interference light is reduced to zero, and the transmittance of the signal light is kept unchanged; the light modulated by the spatial light modulator unit 12 is transmitted to the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit 13;
step 2: the half-reflection and half-transmission filter unit 13 refracts and reflects the processed optical signals, the reflected light is transmitted to the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 for use and receives the reflected light from the half-reflection and half-transmission filter unit 13, and the refracted light is transmitted to the first CCD polarization detector unit 14; and transmits the received image signal to the image acquisition and feedback unit 16;
Step 3: after processing the image signal by the image acquisition and feedback unit 16, the intensity of the disturbance light is determinedSum signal light intensity->And passes the information to the field programmable gate array unit 17;
step 4: the editable gate array unit 17 issues an adjustment instruction to the spatial light modulation controller unit 18 in real time according to the judgment from the image acquisition and feedback unit 16; varying the transmittance of each pixel on the spatial light modulation controller unit 18;
step 5: the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 receives the refraction light from the semi-reflection semi-transmission filter unit 13 and transmits the received image signal to the image definition evaluation system 2, and the whole spatial light modulation system 1 realizes closed-loop negative feedback adjustment;
step 6: the image signal from the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 is received by the image acquisition and feedback unit 16 to be detected and transmitted to the first computer unit 22;
step 7: the first computer unit 22 performs high-low threshold processing on the image to be detected, image segmentation, flat area definition calculation, edge area definition calculation, weighted summation to obtain the definition Y of the current image, and transmits information to the second computer unit 31 of the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system 3;
Step 8: the scene light intensity collector unit 32 collects the current scene light intensity in real time and transmits the current scene light intensity to the second computer unit 31;
step 9: the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length is established through multiple training of the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit 33, and the signal is transmitted to the second computer unit 31;
step 10: the second computer unit 31 combines the image definition detected by the image definition evaluation system 2, the scene light intensity acquired by the scene light intensity acquisition unit 32 and the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length which are established by training by the proportional integral derivative controller unit 33, so as to obtain an accurate function mapping relation between the aperture value and the image quality, and transmits an instruction of the mapping relation to the aperture adjustment controller unit 34;
step 11: the aperture adjustment controller unit 34 receives the mapping relation instruction from the second computer unit 31, and the whole system forms closed loop control, so as to realize self-adaptive automatic adjustment of aperture parameters of the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 and the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 until an image closest to ideal definition is obtained.
The imaging method according to this embodiment is implemented by the apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, in which the aperture adjustment controller unit 34 receives the mapping relation instruction from the second computer unit 31, and the entire system forms closed-loop control, so as to implement adaptive automatic adjustment of aperture parameters of the first CCD polarization detector unit 14 and the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 until an image closest to the ideal sharpness is obtained.
An eighth embodiment is a further limitation of the method for polarization imaging of spatial light modulation to resist interference of strong light provided in the seventh embodiment, wherein the determination of the interference light intensitySum signal light intensity->The method of (1) is as follows:
when the second CCD polarization detector unit 15 captures four images with polarization directions of 0, 45, 90, 135, respectively, the intensities are denoted as I, respectively 0 (u，v，s，t)、I 45 (u，v，s，t)、I 90 (u, v, s, t) and I 135 (u, v, s, t), then the linear Stokes vectors of the scene can be expressed as:
(1)
wherein: i (u, v, s, t) is the total light intensity of the scene; q (u, v, s, t) is the intensity difference in the horizontal and vertical directions; the intensity difference in the directions of U (U, v, s, t) is 45 DEG and 135 DEG, and the expression of the polarization degree P (U, v, s, t) and the polarization angle θ (U, v, s, t) is obtained by the above expression:
(2)
(3)
acquiring a polarization angle image of a central viewing angle, and selecting a polarization angle with the highest occurrence frequency as an interference light polarization angle theta B； Degree of polarization P of disturbing light B The maximum value of the central view angle polarization degree P (u, v, s, t) obtained after refocusing and fusing the view angle polarization degree diagrams is obtained;
(4)
(5)
when the shooting directions of 0 DEG and 90 DEG are defined as x-axis and y-axis respectively, the light intensity B of the polarized light portion is disturbed p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis are:
(6)
Since the intensity of the images acquired in the x-axis and y-axis directions are respectively I 0 (u, v, s, t) and I 90 (u, v, s, t) interfering with the light intensity B of the polarized light portion p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis can be expressed again as:
(7)
the light intensity of the polarized part of the obtained interference light is as follows:
(8)
as can be seen from the above, the intensity of the disturbing light at the central viewing angle is:
(9)
the original reflected light intensity L (u, v, s, t) of the target becomes unpolarized light by scattering effect, A ∞ (u, v, s, t) is the infinitely far interference light intensity, is with polarization degree P B Is a part of the channel polarized light:
(10)
then when the detection distance z → infinity, e (-z) And 0, obtaining the interference light intensity at infinity as follows:
(11)
the image acquired at the detector from the physical degradation model is expressed as:
(12)
selecting I 0 Infinity A obtained in (u, v, s, t) ∞ The closest of (u, v, s, t) and the original image intensity I (u, v, s, t)Is taken as the value A 'of the intensity of the reflected light at infinity' ∞；
The signal light intensity of the scene object is:
(13)。
in a ninth embodiment, the present embodiment is further defined on the polarization imaging method for resisting interference of strong light of spatial light modulation provided in the seventh embodiment, wherein the image sharpness evaluation method in the step 7 includes:
The second computer unit 31 introduces a high-low thresholding by analyzing the image to be measured, the expression of this process being:
（14）
GH is the maximum gradient value of the whole image, GL is the average value of the whole image, th is the gradient high threshold value, and Tl is the gradient low threshold value; g represents the original image gradient, and G' represents the image gradient after the high-low threshold processing;
taking the edge as a foreground, taking the flat area as a background, and realizing the segmentation of the edge and the flat area; the process expression is:
（15）
the Threshold is an optimal Threshold calculated by an Ostu method, and although the process realizes the segmentation of the edge region and the flat region, the influence of the flat region on the image definition evaluation function can be reduced in the subsequent processing, but the process cannot remove the pseudo edge generated by the isolated noise point; e represents edges, NE represents flat areas;
in order to remove the false Edge generated by the isolated noise point, the gradient image after removing the false Edge is marked as Edge; the process expression is
（16）
The sum (i, j) represents the number of Edge points judged to be in eight adjacent areas of the pixel points (i, j), so that the image segmentation process is completed, and a final flat area NEdge and an Edge area Edge are obtained;
flat zone sharpness calculation:
The sharpness is calculated for the image flat area NEdge by using a point sharpness algorithm, and the definition of the image sharpness based on the point sharpness function is as follows:
（17）
where df is the gray scale variation amplitude, dx is the distance increment between pixels, and mxn is the image size; (i, j) is an image pixel;
edge zone sharpness calculation:
calculating definition of the image flat area by using a normalized square gradient algorithm; the square gradient function is defined as follows:
（18）
since the above cannot realize the lateral contrast of the image definition of different sizes, the formula is normalized, specifically:
（19）
wherein the image size m×n, I (I, j) represents the pixel gray value at the image pixel point (I, j);
image definition calculation:
the definition of the whole image is obtained by weighting and summing the definition of the flat area and the definition of the edge area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
（20）
wherein , andAnd weights corresponding to the flat zone definition and the edge zone definition respectively.
In tenth embodiment, the present embodiment is further defined to a polarization imaging method for resisting strong light interference of spatial light modulation provided in the seventh embodiment, where the method for obtaining an accurate functional mapping relationship between an aperture value and image quality in step 10 is:
The current scene light intensity is acquired by a scene light intensity collector unit, and the optimal aperture position is set asThe corresponding optimal definition is +.>, whereinIs an aperture evaluation value determined through experiments; under the condition of a certain scene light intensity, the image definition is in direct proportion to the square of the aperture position, Y represents the current definition value of the image, D represents the current aperture position, and the method comprises the following steps:
（21）
wherein k is a scene light intensity proportion parameter, the second computer unit sets k according to the image definition information and the current aperture position, optimizes k value in real time according to the image information,
let the definition deviation valueAperture displacement->The following steps are:
（22）
at the same time, the diaphragm is displacedThe approximately similar linear relationship to the angle α of rotation is:
（23）
thus we can obtain the angle alpha and angle alpha of apertureThe relation of (2) is:
（24）
based on the above functional relationship, the formula obtained by simplification by the proportional integral derivative controller unit (33) is:
（25）。/>
the flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and that various combinations or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments of the disclosure and/or the claims may be provided even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly recited in the disclosure. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The anti-strong light interference polarization imaging device for spatial light modulation is characterized by comprising a spatial light modulation system (1), an image definition evaluation system (2) and an adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system (3);
the spatial light modulation system (1) is used for collecting optical signals, modulating the optical signals to generate electric signals, and sending the electric signals to the image definition evaluation system (2) for realizing interference light intensity suppression;
the image definition evaluation system (2) is used for processing according to the received electric signals to obtain the definition of the acquired image, and sending the received electric signals to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system (3);
the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system (3) is used for receiving the electric signals, adjusting aperture values and image definition according to the electric signals and outputting the aperture values and the image definition to the spatial light modulation system (1).
2. The spatial light modulation anti-strong light interference polarization imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the spatial light modulation system (1) comprises a telecentric optical system unit (11), a spatial light modulator unit (12), a semi-reflective and semi-transparent filter unit (13), a first CCD polarization detector unit (14), a second CCD polarization detector unit (15), an image acquisition and feedback unit (16), a field editable gate array unit (17) and a spatial light modulation controller unit (18);
The telecentric optical system unit (11) sends the optical signal to the spatial light modulator unit (12), and the spatial light modulator unit (12) transmits the received optical signal to the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit (13); the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit (13) transmits received optical signals to the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) and the second CCD polarization detector unit (15) respectively, and the optical signals are mutually transmitted between the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) and the second CCD polarization detector unit (15);
the second CCD polarization detector unit (15) converts the optical signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the image acquisition and feedback unit (16); the image acquisition and feedback unit (16) transmits the received electric signals to the field-editable gate array unit (17) and the spatial light modulation controller unit (18); the spatial light modulation controller unit (18) converts the received electrical signals into optical signals for transmission to the spatial light modulator unit (12) for achieving an estimated optimization of the intensity of the interfering light.
3. The spatial light modulated polarization imaging device resistant to strong light interference according to claim 1, wherein the image sharpness evaluation system (2) comprises an image acquisition unit (21) to be detected, a first computer unit (22); the image acquisition unit (21) to be detected receives the optical signal of the first CCD polarization detector unit (14), converts the optical signal into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the first computer unit (22), and the first computer unit (22) transmits the received electric signal to the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system (3) for calculating and evaluating the definition of the acquired image.
4. A spatial light modulated anti-crosstalk polarized imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjustment system (3) comprises a second computer unit (31), a scene light intensity collector unit (32), a proportional-integral-derivative controller unit (33) and an aperture adjustment controller unit (34);
the second computer unit (31) receives the electric signal of the first computer unit (22) and transmits the electric signal to the aperture adjustment controller unit (34); the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit (33) converts the electric signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the scene light intensity collector unit (32), and feeds the optical signal back to the second computer unit (31) for establishing a functional mapping relation between an aperture value and image definition, and automatically adjusting aperture parameters through the image definition.
5. A spatial light modulated anti-interference polarization imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the first computer unit (22) has a signal conversion module embedded therein, the signal conversion module converting the optical signal received by the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) into an electrical signal.
6. The spatial light modulation anti-strong light interference polarization imaging device according to claim 4, wherein a signal integration module is embedded in the second computer unit (31), and the signal integration module receives an electric signal of the pid controller unit (33) and an optical signal converted from the electric signal by the scene light intensity collector unit (32).
7. A method of polarization imaging of spatial light modulation against strong light interference, characterized in that the method is implemented with an apparatus according to any of claims 1-6, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the method comprises the steps that through a telecentric optical system unit (11), chief rays of the telecentric optical system unit (11) are vertically incident on a spatial light modulator unit (12) at the focal plane of an imaging objective lens, the spatial light modulator unit (12) receives the chief rays from the telecentric optical system unit (11), the transmittance of interference light is reduced to zero, and the transmittance of signal light is kept unchanged; the light modulated by the spatial light modulator unit (12) is transmitted to the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit (13);
step 2: the semi-reflection and semi-transmission filter unit (13) refracts and reflects the processed optical signals, the reflected light is transmitted to the second CCD polarization detector unit (15) to be used and receives the reflected light from the semi-reflection and semi-transmission filter unit (13), and the refracted light is transmitted to the first CCD polarization detector unit (14); and transmitting the received image signal to an image acquisition and feedback unit (16);
Step 3: after the image signal is processed by the image acquisition and feedback unit (16), the interference light intensity is judgedSum signal light intensity->And passes the information to a field programmable gate array unit (17);
step 4: the editable gate array unit (17) issues an adjustment instruction to the spatial light modulation controller unit (18) in real time according to the judgment from the image acquisition and feedback unit (16); varying the transmittance of each pixel on the spatial light modulation controller unit (18);
step 5: the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) receives the refraction light from the half-reflection half-transmission filter unit (13) and transmits the received image signal to the image definition evaluation system (2), and the whole spatial light modulation system (1) realizes closed-loop negative feedback adjustment;
step 6: the image signal from the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) is received by the image acquisition and feedback unit (16) to be detected and is transmitted to the first computer unit (22);
step 7: the first computer unit (22) carries out high-low threshold processing, image segmentation, flat area definition calculation, edge area definition calculation and weighted summation on the image to be detected to obtain the definition Y of the current image, and transmits information to the second computer unit (31) of the self-adaptive aperture automatic adjusting system (3);
Step 8: the scene light intensity collector unit (32) collects the current scene light intensity in real time and transmits the current scene light intensity to the second computer unit (31);
step 9: the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length is established through multiple training of the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit (33), and signals are transmitted to the second computer unit (31);
step 10: the second computer unit (31) combines the image definition detected by the image definition evaluation system (2), the scene light intensity acquired by the scene light intensity acquisition unit (32) and the relation between the image definition and the aperture adjustment step length established by training by the proportional-integral-derivative controller unit (33) to obtain an accurate function mapping relation between the aperture value and the image quality, and transmits a mapping relation instruction to the aperture adjustment controller unit (34);
step 11: the aperture adjustment controller unit (34) receives a mapping relation instruction from the second computer unit (31), the whole system forms closed loop control, and the aperture parameters of the first CCD polarization detector unit (14) and the second CCD polarization detector unit (15) are self-adaptively and automatically adjusted until an image closest to ideal definition is obtained.
8. A spatially modulated anti-interference polarization according to claim 7The imaging method is characterized in that the interference light intensity is judgedSum signal light intensity->The method of (1) is as follows:
when the second CCD polarization detector unit (15) shoots four images with the polarization directions of 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree respectively, the intensity is respectively marked as I 0 (u，v，s，t)、I 45 (u，v，s，t)、I 90 (u, v, s, t) and I 135 (u, v, s, t), then the linear Stokes vectors of the scene can be expressed as:
(1)
wherein: i (u, v, s, t) is the total light intensity of the scene; q (u, v, s, t) is the intensity difference in the horizontal and vertical directions; the intensity difference in the directions of U (U, v, s, t) is 45 DEG and 135 DEG, and the expression of the polarization degree P (U, v, s, t) and the polarization angle θ (U, v, s, t) is obtained by the above expression:
(2)
(3)
acquiring a polarization angle image of a central viewing angle, and selecting a polarization angle with the highest occurrence frequency as an interference light polarization angle theta B The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Degree of polarization P of disturbing light B The maximum value of the central view angle polarization degree P (u, v, s, t) obtained after refocusing and fusing the view angle polarization degree diagrams is obtained;
(4)
(5)
when the shooting directions of 0 DEG and 90 DEG are defined as x-axis and y-axis respectively, the light intensity B of the polarized light portion is disturbed p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis are:
(6)
Since the intensity of the images acquired in the x-axis and y-axis directions are respectively I 0 (u, v, s, t) and I 90 (u, v, s, t) interfering with the light intensity B of the polarized light portion p The component expressions of (u, v, s, t) in the x-axis and y-axis can be expressed again as:
(7)
the light intensity of the polarized part of the obtained interference light is as follows:
（8）
as can be seen from the above, the intensity of the disturbing light at the central viewing angle is:
（9）
the original reflected light intensity L (u, v, s, t) of the target becomes unpolarized light by scattering effect, A ∞ (u, v, s, t) is the infinite interference light intensity, which is the partial channel polarized light with the polarization degree PB, then:
(10)
then when the detection distance z → infinity, e -z And 0, obtaining the interference light intensity at infinity as follows:
(11)
the image acquired at the detector from the physical degradation model is expressed as:
(12)
selecting I 0 Infinity A obtained in (u, v, s, t) ∞ The nearest 1% of the pixel values of (u, v, s, t) and the original image intensity I (u, v, s, t) are taken as the infinity reflected light intensity value A' ∞ ；
The signal light intensity of the scene object is:
(13)。
9. the polarization imaging method of spatial light modulation for resisting strong light interference according to claim 7, wherein the image sharpness evaluation method of step 7 comprises the following steps:
the second computer unit (31) introduces high and low threshold processing by analyzing the image to be measured, and the expression of the process is:
（14）
GH is the maximum gradient value of the whole image, GL is the average value of the whole image, th is the gradient high threshold value, and Tl is the gradient low threshold value; g represents the original image gradient, and G' represents the image gradient after the high-low threshold processing;
taking the edge as a foreground, taking the flat area as a background, and realizing the segmentation of the edge and the flat area; the process expression is:
（15）
wherein Threshold is the optimal Threshold calculated by the Ostu method, and although the above process realizes the division of the edge region and the flat region, the process cannot remove the pseudo edge generated by the isolated noise point; e represents edges, NE represents flat areas;
in order to remove the false Edge generated by the isolated noise point, the gradient image after removing the false Edge is marked as Edge; the process expression is
（16）
The sum (i, j) represents the number of Edge points judged to be in eight adjacent areas of the pixel points (i, j), so that the image segmentation process is completed, and a final flat area NEdge and an Edge area Edge are obtained;
flat zone sharpness calculation:
the sharpness is calculated for the image flat area NEdge by using a point sharpness algorithm, and the definition of the image sharpness based on the point sharpness function is as follows:
（17）
where df is the gray scale variation amplitude, dx is the distance increment between pixels, and mxn is the image size; (i, j) is an image pixel;
Edge zone sharpness calculation:
calculating definition of the image flat area by using a normalized square gradient algorithm; the square gradient function is defined as follows:
（18）
since the above cannot realize the lateral contrast of the image definition of different sizes, the formula is normalized, specifically:
（19）
wherein the image size m×n, I (I, j) represents the pixel gray value at the image pixel point (I, j); image definition calculation:
the definition of the whole image is obtained by weighting and summing the definition of the flat area and the definition of the edge area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
（20）
wherein , andAnd weights corresponding to the flat zone definition and the edge zone definition respectively.
10. The polarization imaging method of spatial light modulation for resisting strong light interference according to claim 7, wherein the method of obtaining an accurate function mapping relationship between the aperture value and the image quality in the step 10 is:
the current scene light intensity is acquired by a scene light intensity collector unit (32), and the optimal aperture position is set asThe corresponding optimal definition is +.>, whereinIs an aperture evaluation value determined through experiments; under the condition of a certain scene light intensity, the image definition is in direct proportion to the square of the aperture position, Y represents the current definition value of the image, D represents the current aperture position, and the method comprises the following steps:
（21）
Wherein k is a scene light intensity proportion parameter, the second computer unit sets k according to the image definition information and the current aperture position, optimizes k value in real time according to the image information,
let the definition deviation valueAperture displacement->The following steps are:
（22）
at the same time, the diaphragm is displacedThe approximately similar linear relationship to the angle α of rotation is:
（23）
thus we can obtain the angle alpha and angle alpha of apertureThe relation of (2) is:
（24）
based on the above functional relationship, the formula obtained by simplification by the proportional integral derivative controller unit (33) is:
（25）。
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| JP2012053477A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-03-15 | Nikon Corp | Autofocus device and camera |
| CN110865033A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-06 | 成都天鹰锐视科技有限公司 | Imaging detection device based on adaptive control of light flux and control method thereof |
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