CN110863808B - Thickened oil exploitation method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating - Google Patents
Thickened oil exploitation method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
Abstract
A thickened oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency by electric heating comprises the steps of fixing an electric heating pipe or an electric heating cable outside an isolation pipe with a groove in an annular mode, lowering the pipe to a target oil reservoir position through a production pipe column, expanding the isolation pipe to enable the heating pipe to be attached to a production casing pipe in a clinging mode, and heating a stratum in a near-wellbore area; after the heating distance reaches a preset value, continuing to keep heating, and adjusting the heating power to continuously reduce the viscosity, the flow resistance and the fluidity ratio of the thick oil in the area near the production well; starting a common thickened oil water-drive exploitation process, injecting a displacement fluid into an injection well, and displacing crude oil in a stratum to move towards a production well; the crude oil, water and gas flowing to the production well are lifted to the surface by means of a lifting device in the production well. The invention combines the hot recovery and cold recovery modes, reduces the flow resistance and displacement fingering of the near well area of the production well, accelerates the production effective period of water drive and the recovery efficiency of the thickened oil, and improves the final recovery ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thickened oil recovery method, and belongs to the technical field of oil field oil recovery.
Background
The thick oil contains high proportion of asphalt and colloid components, and the underground viscosity of the thick oil is much higher than that of the conventional crude oil (generally more than 50mPa & s), so that the thick oil has poor fluidity and high exploitation difficulty. However, the viscosity of thick oils is very temperature sensitive, and usually the viscosity decreases by half for every 10 ℃ increase in temperature. Therefore, the heavy oil recovery mostly uses thermal recovery methods, such as: steam flooding, steam huff and puff, in-situ combustion, electric heating and the like, and is particularly suitable for super and extra heavy oil with high viscosity (the viscosity is more than 10000mPa & s). As for common thick oil (the viscosity is less than 10000mPa & s), because the thick oil has certain fluidity, the thick oil can be directly exploited by a high-pressure fluid displacement mode, such as a water-flooding method. Compared with a thermal recovery mode, the water-drive thickened oil recovery technology is low in cost and simple in construction, the heat transfer problems such as heat diffusion efficiency and heat loss are not involved in the recovery process, equipment for heating water or generating steam is not needed to be arranged on site, the early-stage investment is small, and therefore the water drive is widely applied to common thickened oil recovery.
However, the water flooding heavy oil technology still has some problems in actual production: firstly, the production effect is slow, and the initial yield is low. The main reason is that the fluid is changed from the whole flow in the oil layer to the radial flow flowing to the production well near the production well, and the well bore area of the production well is far smaller than the vertical section area of the stratum, so the stratum flow resistance of the near well area is large, and the oil yield is low; in the process of water-flooding thickened oil, viscous fingering is easily generated under a displacement pressure gradient because the flow rate between the displacement fluid (water) and the displaced fluid (thickened oil) is high. For the water flooding thickened oil process, the mobility ratio is far larger than 1, the pressure gradient of a production well area is large, and in addition, the heterogeneity of an actual reservoir stratum, the viscous fingering phenomenon near the production well is more serious in the water flooding thickened oil process. Once the finger advance front is communicated with the production well, premature displacement breakthrough is easily caused, the oil displacement efficiency is greatly reduced, the oil layer utilization degree is finally caused to be uneven, and the sweep efficiency and the final recovery ratio are seriously influenced.
For the problem of low recovery ratio of common thickened oil water flooding, Chinese patents (application numbers 201010622259.1 and 201410407879.1) propose a method for plugging by using artificial foam or gel to improve sweep efficiency in the water flooding process. Aiming at the problem of slow effect in heavy oil recovery production, Chinese patent (application No. 201611187914.9) proposes a method for heating an oil reservoir by using an electric heating rod in an injection well and a production well in a starting stage in a steam assisted gravity drainage recovery process of a double-horizontal well combination, and the communication between the injection well and the production well is accelerated and the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) stage is switched in advance to achieve the effect of accelerating production. Chinese patent (application No. 201510794640.9) proposes a method for producing heavy oil by using electric energy: the dipole antenna is arranged in the vertical well, the power is supplied to heat the formation water, the viscosity of the heavy oil in the oil reservoir is reduced, and the crude oil flows to the horizontal well at the bottom under the action of gravity and is produced, so that the effects of reducing energy loss, water consumption and environmental pollution are achieved. Chinese patent (application No. 201821146620.6) proposes an electric heating assisted gravity drainage device, which generates high temperature steam by an in-situ electric heating method to drive the gravity drainage process of thick oil, and simultaneously improves the problem of uneven utilization of horizontal wells SAGD. However, the above patent technologies only relate to a single heavy oil thermal recovery or cold recovery mode, and cannot simultaneously solve the problems of slow effect, serious fingering and low sweep efficiency in the common heavy oil cold recovery process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a thickened oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency by electric heating at the bottom of a production well by combining principle cognition and field operation experience of an applicant on a water drive thickened oil technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thickened oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency by electric heating comprises the following steps:
fixing an electric heating pipe or an electric heating cable outside an isolation pipe with a groove in an annular arrangement mode, lowering the pipe column to a target oil deposit part, expanding the isolation pipe to enable the heating pipe to be tightly attached to a production casing, uniformly diffusing heat to the four weeks through the production casing, heating a stratum in a near-wellbore area, and adjusting heating power and time according to a pre-measured oil deposit thermal diffusion coefficient to reduce the viscosity, flow resistance and mobility ratio of thick oil in an area near a production well; the isolation pipe mainly plays the roles of insulation, heat insulation and leakage prevention; when in expansion, the hydraulic expander is used for local expansion;
after the heating distance reaches a preset value, continuing to keep heating, adjusting the heating power, and continuously reducing the viscosity, flow resistance and fluidity ratio of thick oil in the area near the production well so as to reduce the influence of the displacement viscosity fingering phenomenon; the heating power is adjusted according to the flow of the output liquid, and the specific setting can be carried out according to the following formula:
P＝QvCv(Tf-Tres)+Qr
wherein P is heating power, QvFor producing a volume of liquid, CvFor production of specific heat capacity of fluid, TresIs the reservoir temperature, TfTo produce fluid temperature, QrIn order to heat the oil deposit, after the temperature of the heating area of the oil deposit is stable, the heat is mainly used for compensating the heat loss of the upper cover layer and the lower cover layer of the oil deposit.
Step three, starting a common thickened oil water-drive exploitation process, injecting a displacement fluid into an injection well, propelling the displacement fluid to a production well under the pressure difference between injection pressure and formation pressure, and displacing crude oil in the formation to move towards the production well; crude oil, water and gas flowing to the production well are lifted to the ground through a lifting device in the production well, and due to the preheating and continuous heating effects of the near well region, the flow resistance of the near well region can be always kept at a lower level, so that the rising of the yield of the thick oil is accelerated, and the thick oil in the stratum is continuously produced through the production well under the displacement of the displacement fluid.
Further, the electric heating mode is thermal conduction resistance heating or induction electromagnetic or microwave, and the heating power supply can adopt single-phase or three-phase power supply.
Further, in the first step, the heating power and time are determined according to the following formula:
according to the unsteady heat transfer process of the fixed-point heat source, the time T required for the temperature rise from the position L of the heat source to the temperature T can be calculated as follows:
wherein
The average thermal diffusion coefficient of the oil layer is measured in advance to characterize the thermal diffusion capability, T, of the oil layer with different porosity and water contentresIs the reservoir temperature, TsIs the surface temperature of the electrical heating means.
Further, the displacement fluid injected in the injection well is one of water, gas, polymer or a combination thereof.
Further, the preset value is the electric heating distance and is controlled within the range of 0.5-5 m around the production well. The flow resistance of the heated area is low, the flow area with low resistance is in direct proportion to the heating distance, the larger the heating range is, the smaller the displacement resistance is, and the value needs to calculate and determine the proportion of the resistance which needs to be reduced according to the viscosity of the thick oil on site. According to the viscosity of common thick oil, the original displacement resistance can be reduced by 5-20% by heating for 0.5-5 m.
Furthermore, the heating mode adopts a continuous heating mode or an intermittent heating mode according to production requirements.
Most of the heavy oil produced by the water displacement method is common heavy oil (defined in the technical background), has certain flowing capacity at the initial temperature of the stratum, does not need to maintain too high temperature for a production well, can be adjusted according to the requirement and is generally maintained between 50 and 150 ℃.
The method can be applied to well group combinations of different types of injection wells and production wells, and can be used for vertical injection wells and vertical production wells, vertical injection wells and horizontal production wells, horizontal injection wells and horizontal production wells and the like, and the application range of the method is wide.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention has the innovation points that the thermal recovery technology and the cold recovery technology are combined, the advantage of low recovery cost of common thick oil cold recovery (such as water drive) is taken into consideration, and meanwhile, the heat energy is utilized to the production well with the highest efficiency, so that the yield and the displacement efficiency of the oil well are improved.
1. The heat energy is used at the place where the heat is needed most, and the oil layer near the production well is heated before and in the displacement process, so that the viscosity of crude oil and the flow resistance of the crude oil are reduced, the problems of large flow resistance and difficult production caused by rapid reduction of the flow section near the production well are solved, the effective period of the production well is accelerated, and the yield of the crude oil is improved; 2. the mobility of the thickened oil near the production well is increased, the mobility ratio is reduced, the stability of the displacement front in the area near the production well is greatly improved, the viscous fingering phenomenon is reduced, and the sweep efficiency and the final recovery ratio of the oil reservoir displacement are improved; 3. the defects of small effective exploitation range and low recovery ratio due to the fact that displacement is mainly performed by means of natural energy (formation pressure, thermal expansion and the like) of the formation in a pure underground electric heating exploitation mode are overcome; 4. for a common heavy oil reservoir, the requirement on heating temperature is not high, generally between 50 and 150 ℃, only an area within 0.5 to 5 meters around a production well is heated, and meanwhile, the installation and the operation of heating equipment are simpler, so that the investment cost is increased less. The purpose of improving the overall mining economic benefit of the common thick oil is achieved due to the improvement of the oil well yield and the ultimate recovery rate.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an electrical heating apparatus in combination with a production casing.
Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an electrical heating apparatus in combination with a production casing.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a typical vertical injector-vertical producer water flooding process.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a typical vertical injector-vertical producer water flooding process.
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of an application of electric heating enhanced water flooding to a vertical injector-vertical producer heavy oil recovery process.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of an application of electric heating enhanced water flooding to a vertical injector-vertical producer thickened oil recovery process.
Figure 7 is a schematic top view of a typical vertical injector-horizontal producer water flooding heavy oil recovery process.
The codes in the figures are respectively: 1 is flexible electric heating pipe or heating zone, 2 is the production well casing, 21 is the isolated pipe of flexibility of taking the recess, 22 is adiabatic asbestos layer, 31 is the viscous oil layer, 32 is the oil reservoir bottom, 33 is the oil reservoir top, 34 is the vertical injection well, 35 displacement interface earlier stage, 36 is the main advancing direction of displacement interface, 37 is displacement later stage interface, 38 is the viscidity finger-in breakthrough, 39 is the vertical production well, 310 is the output fluid, 311 is hoisting device in the pit, 312 is the production oil pipe, 51 is electric heater unit, 52 is the electric heater unit power cord, 53 is the heat that electric heater unit produced, 54 is the electric heating heat conduction interface, 71 is the horizontal production well.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
In order to uniformly diffuse the electric heating heat to the stratum near the production well, a plurality of flexible electric heating pipes 1 are closely attached to a production well casing 2 in a ring shape, as shown in fig. 1. In the present invention, this is achieved by adding a flexible insulating tube 21 with grooves, as shown in fig. 2. First, the grooved flexible insulation pipe 21 has a layer of heat insulating asbestos 22 on its outer surface, and the grooved flexible insulation pipe 21 is hollow to facilitate passage through production tubing and lifting equipment. During installation, the flexible electric heating pipe 1 is fixed on a non-groove part on the outer surface of the isolation pipe in a hoop mode and is lowered to a target position in the production well casing 2 after the fixation is finished. Then, the flexible electric heating pipe 1 is tightly attached to the production casing 2 through a pipe expanding device in the isolation pipe, and the distance between the flexible electric heating pipe 1 and the inner wall of the production casing 2 is generally less than 1 cm before pipe expanding. The thickness of the groove on the outer surface of the flexible isolating pipe 21 with the groove is half of the thickness of the flexible electric heating pipe 1. The effect of this recess lies in, when needs take out heating device, the flexible isolated pipe 21 of the band gap groove after only needing to expand the pipe is rotatory 5 ~ 30, under the frictional force effect between production sleeve pipe 2 and flexible electric heating pipe 1, flexible electric heating pipe 1 is static relative production sleeve pipe 2, only the flexible isolated pipe 21 of band gap groove takes place rotatoryly, make flexible electric heating pipe 1 be located the groove position of the flexible isolated pipe 21 of band gap groove, can take out the flexible isolated pipe 21 of band gap groove this moment, flexible electric heating pipe 1 also can take out. When the installation is carried out again, the installation steps are repeated. Fig. 1 and 2 show the key points of arrangement, installation and disassembly of the electric heating device in the invention.
A typical water flooding common heavy oil recovery process is shown in figure 3. In general, water is injected into the thick oil reservoir 31 through the vertical injection well 34, the thick oil is displaced under the action of the pressure difference between the injection pressure and the formation pressure, a displacement early-stage interface 35 is gradually formed, and the output liquid 310 of the production well is mainly thick oil. The produced fluid is lifted to the surface by downhole lifting device 311 and production tubing 312. As the displacement mining process progresses, the displacement lead interface 35 progresses in a displacement interface primary advancing direction 36. Due to the heterogeneity of the reservoir and the displacement mobility ratio greater than 1, viscous fingering is likely to occur at the displacement late interface 37. When the viscous fingering is communicated with the production well, a viscous fingering breakthrough 38 is formed, and the produced fluid 310 in the vertical production well 39 is now composed of an oil-water mixture. A typical top view of a water flooding heavy oil recovery process is shown in fig. 4. The creation of a viscous fingering breakthrough 38 can result in inefficient reservoir mobilization and affect ultimate recovery.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 5, the invention is applied to the thick oil recovery, and is carried out according to the following method: placing an electric heating device 51 into the oil jacket ring air of the vertical production well 39 according to the installation process of the electric heating device, and connecting the electric heating device with power supply equipment through a power line 52 of the electric heating device; the heat 53 generated by the electrical heating means is diffused around the vertical production well 39 so that the temperature of the formation within 3 metres of the vicinity is raised to above 100 ℃. According to the unsteady heat transfer process of the fixed-point heat source, the time T required for heating to the temperature T from the position L of the heat source can be calculated as follows:
wherein
The average thermal diffusion coefficient of the oil layer is measured in advance to characterize the thermal diffusion capability, T, of the oil layer with different porosity and water contentresIs the reservoir temperature, TsIs the surface temperature of the electrical heating means. The preheating time can be estimated or regulated according to the above formula. Taking a 4.5 inch (114.3mm) diameter pipe diameter as an example, the low resistance flow cross section near vertical production well 39 has a ratio of 114.3 before and after heating2:300021:689, therefore, the water flooding process isThe pressure loss near the vertical production well 39 can be greatly reduced.
After the heating distance reaches a preset value, the heating is continuously kept, meanwhile, water is injected into one end of the vertical injection well 34, and the crude oil in the stratum is driven to be lifted to the ground through the underground lifting device 311 in the vertical production well 39, so that the continuous production of the thick oil is realized. Produced fluid 310 in vertical production well 39 is now predominantly heavy oil. The flow resistance of the vicinity area is reduced by the heating of the electric heating device 51. Therefore, compared with the traditional water-drive thickened oil process without electric heating, the initial yield after the method is applied can be doubled. As the water flooding heavy oil recovery process progresses, the displacement upfront interface 35 advances in the displacement interface primary advancing direction 36. In the later stage of water displacement, under the heating of the electric heating device 51, the oil displacement fluidity ratio near the vertical production well 39 is reduced, so that the displacement interface can advance to the production well in a more uniform and stable manner, and the displacement phenomenon is effectively reduced. A schematic plan view of the invention as applied to a heavy oil recovery process is shown in fig. 6. In the whole process of driving the thickened oil by water, the yield of the production well is stable. It should be noted that, during the production process, with the displacement and production of the heavy oil, the heat near the production well can be taken away, and after the temperature of the heating zone near the production well is stable and the heat loss to the surrounding formation is neglected, the heating power of the electric heating device 51 needs to be adjusted according to the flow rate of the produced liquid, and the specific setting can be performed according to the following formula:
P＝QvCv(Tf-Tres)+Qr
wherein P is heating power, QvFor producing a volume of liquid, CvFor production of specific heat capacity of fluid, TresIs the reservoir temperature, TfTo produce fluid temperature, QrIs the heating power to the reservoir.
Compared with the traditional water flooding thickened oil, the technical effect obtained by the embodiment is that the initial yield is larger, the overall yield is also higher and more stable, the viscous fingering phenomenon in the displacement process can be obviously reduced, and the production efficiency and the ultimate recovery rate are improved.
Example 2: the invention is equally applicable to heavy oil recovery in a vertical injector-horizontal producer well combination as shown in figure 7. The process of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, and the technical effect obtained is similar to that obtained in embodiment 1, and similarly, the yield of the thick oil in the initial stage of water flooding can be improved, and the viscous fingering phenomenon in the later stage of flooding can be reduced.
In conclusion, the thickened oil recovery method for enhancing the water drive efficiency by electric heating combines the mechanism and the advantages of thermal recovery and cold injection fluid displacement. By applying an electric heating mode in a specific range near a production well, the effective period of the water-drive thickened oil production process is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; by utilizing the electric heating thermal diffusion, the displacement front near the production well is more stable, the viscous fingering phenomenon is reduced, and the swept volume is improved, so that the efficiency and the final recovery rate of the water-drive heavy oil exploitation are effectively improved.
Claims (6)
1. A thickened oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency by electric heating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing an electric heating pipe or an electric heating cable outside an isolation pipe with a groove in an annular arrangement mode, lowering the isolation pipe to a target oil reservoir position through a production pipe column, expanding the isolation pipe to enable the heating pipe to be tightly attached to a production casing pipe, and uniformly diffusing heat to the periphery through the production casing pipe to heat the stratum in the near-wellbore area;
after the heating distance reaches a preset value, continuing to keep heating, adjusting the heating power, and continuously reducing the viscosity, flow resistance and fluidity ratio of thick oil in the area near the production well so as to reduce the influence of the displacement viscosity fingering phenomenon; the heating power is adjusted according to the flow of the output liquid, and the specific setting can be carried out according to the following formula:
P＝QvCv(Tf-Tres)+Qr
wherein P is heating power, QvFor producing a volume of liquid, CvSpecific heat capacity for produced liquid; t isresIs the reservoir temperature, TfTo a produced fluid temperature; qrHeating power to the reservoir;
step three, starting a common thickened oil water-drive exploitation process, injecting a displacement fluid into an injection well, propelling the displacement fluid to a production well under the pressure difference between injection pressure and formation pressure, and displacing crude oil in the formation to move towards the production well; crude oil, water and gas flowing to the production well are lifted to the ground through a lifting device in the production well, and due to the preheating and continuous heating effects of the near well region, the flow resistance of the near well region can be always kept at a lower level, so that the rising of the yield of the thick oil is accelerated, and the thick oil in the stratum is continuously produced through the production well under the displacement of the displacement fluid.
2. The heavy oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating according to claim 1, wherein the electric heating mode is thermal conduction type resistance heating or induction type electromagnetic or microwave, and a heating power supply can adopt single-phase or three-phase power supply.
3. The heavy oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the heating power and the heating time are determined according to the following formula:
according to the unsteady heat transfer process of the fixed-point heat source, the time T required for heating to the temperature T from the position L of the heat source is calculated as follows:
wherein
The average thermal diffusion coefficient of the oil layer is measured in advance to characterize the thermal diffusion capability, T, of the oil layer with different porosity and water contentresIs the reservoir temperature, TsIs the surface temperature of the electric heating device; erfc () is an error function; l represents the distance from the heat source and T represents the time required for the temperature to rise to temperature T from the heat source location L.
4. An electrically heated enhanced water flooding efficiency heavy oil recovery process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the displacement fluid injected in the injection well is one or a combination of water, gas, polymer.
5. The heavy oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset value is an electric heating distance and is controlled within a range of 0.5-5 m around the production well.
6. The heavy oil recovery method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating mode adopts a continuous heating mode or an intermittent heating mode according to production needs.
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