CN104763382A - Methane hydrate gathering pipe - Google Patents
Methane hydrate gathering pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104763382A CN104763382A CN201510132864.3A CN201510132864A CN104763382A CN 104763382 A CN104763382 A CN 104763382A CN 201510132864 A CN201510132864 A CN 201510132864A CN 104763382 A CN104763382 A CN 104763382A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- movable block
- fixed
- combustible ice
- blade
- methane hydrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a methane hydrate gathering pipe. The methane hydrate gathering pipe comprises an extraction pipe and a center rod arranged inside the extraction pipe; a movable block with a circular section is fixed at the tail end of the center rod; a plurality of parallel heating tubes are fixed on the outer wall of the movable block; a cable for supplying power for the heating tubes is fixed on the inner wall of the extraction pipe; the methane hydrate gathering pipe further comprises a gathering cover with a circular-arc-shaped cross section; the gathering cover is fixed on the outer wall of the lower section of the extraction pipe; the gathering cover and the movable block are used for gradually decomposing combustible ice so that the heat of the combustible ice can be slowly diffused and the extraction pipe can be enabled to extract the methane continuously, and meanwhile, the combustible ice can be prevented from being decomposed and overflowing; as a result, the great influence of combustible ice mining on the environment can be avoided and the purposes of increasing the mining rate and improving the safety and the reliability can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of combustible ice exploitation field, specifically refer to a kind of methane hydrate collection tube.
Background technology
Methane hydrate also claims " combustible ice ", is the caged crystallization that methane gas and hydrone are formed, the two is separated, just can obtain common natural gas.This outside looks like the same material of ice and is formed under high pressure low temperature condition, and that is, it is present in the permafrost of continental shelf subsea strata and terrestrial pole usually.
Current estimation in the world combustible ice reserves reaches 3 and takes advantage of 10 16 powers to be equivalent to the twice of the natural gas gross reserves verified now, if therefore combustible ice resource is utilized widely, will greatly alleviate the situation of Future anxiety.If but " combustible ice " is revealed in exploitation, a large amount of methane gas decomposes out, atmosphere is entered via seawater, larger than carbon dioxide 21 times of the greenhouse effect of methane, therefore once this leakage can not get controlling, Global Greenhouse Effect will increase rapidly, after atmosphere calefaction, ocean temperature also will increase, formation temperature rises, and this can cause the automatic classifying of seabed " combustible ice ", causes vicious circle.Therefore, exploitation must be controlled, and the methane gas discharged can effectively be collected.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methane hydrate collection tube, facilitate the Fast Algorithm for Mining of combustible ice, reach the object improving production efficiency and safety reliability.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of methane hydrate collection tube, comprise exhaust tube and be placed in the center-pole of exhaust tube inside, being fixed with cross section at the end of described center-pole is circular movable block, the outer wall of described movable block is fixed with the heating tube of multiple parallel connection, exhaust tube inwall is fixed the cable that promising heating tube is powered, also comprise the aggregation cover that cross section is circular arc, described aggregation cover is fixed on the outer wall of exhaust tube hypomere, the inwall of described aggregation cover is provided with the reflecting plate matched with it, and the thickness of reflecting plate increases progressively along its center to two ends, described reflecting plate inwall being provided with multiple longitudinal section is leg-of-mutton reflection projection.When the present invention works, by the upper end of exhaust tube fixing seal at flammable iced storage, aggregation cover and movable block are then inserted in flammable iced storage, movable block starts to underground moving under the driving of center-pole, heating tube is started working simultaneously, and its heat produced is applied to rapidly on combustible ice, and combustible ice gets started decomposition and namely forms the methane of gaseous state and liquid water after being heated, the methane of gaseous state is discharged by exhaust tube, the heat collection that heating tube discharges then is diffused to the bottom of flammable iced storage by the aggregation cover be fixed on exhaust tube, the cross section of aggregation cover is circular arc simultaneously, namely by center-pole move down and the propelling of movable block makes the solid combustible ice in flammable iced storage form one with the maximum outside diameter size of movable block for internal diameter, and melt part with the tubular that the maximum inner diameter size of aggregation cover is external diameter, and this tubular thawing part is from top to bottom decomposed gradually, gaseous state after decomposition is finally slowly discharged in flammable iced storage by exhaust tube, by aggregation cover and movable block to the decomposition step by step of combustible ice, the heat that flammable iced storage is merely able to slowly spreads, make exhaust tube to methane extract uninterrupted ensure that combustible ice can not be too fast simultaneously be decomposed and overflow, to avoid exploitation combustible ice to cause larger impact to environment, reach the object improving coefficient of mining and safety reliability,
Working as in center-pole folding process, the decomposed speed that the upper aggregation cover of tubular thawing part formed in flammable iced storage is mapped to is slower, and when the heating power of heating tube is stablized, the combustible ice decomposition rate that movable block is mapped to is greater than the combustible ice decomposition rate that aggregation cover is mapped to, namely the gaseous methane amount causing exhaust tube to extract only comes from tubular and melts portion centers place, extraction amount declines obviously, for overcoming this problem, fixed transmission plate on aggregation cover inwall, and multiple reflection projection is set on reflecting plate, the heat discharged by heating tube spills in aggregation cover, by reflecting plate and reflection projection to the stop of heat, bounce-back, and then increase heat melts part upper end action effect at tubular, the decomposition rate of the combustible ice as far as possible keeping aggregation cover and movable block to be mapped to, realize maximizing the object extracting gaseous methane.
The middle part of described movable block and bottom outer wall are separately installed with multiple first blade, the second blade.In the process that center-pole moves down, when particularly flammable iced storage geographic location is complicated, the downward jacking of movable block can be subject to the obstruction impact of rock or other geologic structures, applicant is studying through long-time, the middle part of movable block and bottom outer wall are fixed with multiple first blade and the second blade, when the downstream rate of movable block reduces, starting extraneous driving arrangement makes center-pole start to turn in flammable iced storage inward turning, by the first blade and the second blade to the cutting of bar to ensure that the stable of movable block presses down, improve the extraction efficiency of methane.
Described movable block inside has cavity, and is filled with rock wool in cavity.The heat that multiple heating tubes fixing on the outer wall of movable block produce is applied directly on solid-state combustible ice, and movable block itself also can be heated and cause own temperature to raise, cavity is offered in movable block inside, and rock wool is filled in cavity, by the heat-blocking action of rock wool, the heat that heating tube is produced is applied to solid combustible on ice completely, reduces the thawing efficiency of thermal loss and then raising combustible ice.
The length of described first blade is greater than the length of described second blade.The scope of the first blade effect is greater than the sphere of action of the second blade, as preferably, the length of the first blade is set to the length being greater than the second blade, and then increase the contact lead of the first blade and combustible ice, and then prevent the heating tube on the inwall of tubular thawing part and movable block outer wall from colliding and causing it impaired, reach the object in extension fixture application life.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention by aggregation cover and movable block to the decomposition step by step of combustible ice, the heat that flammable iced storage is merely able to slowly spreads, make exhaust tube to methane extract uninterrupted ensure that combustible ice can not be too fast simultaneously be decomposed and overflow, to avoid exploitation combustible ice to cause larger impact to environment, reach the object improving coefficient of mining and safety reliability;
The heat that multiple heating tubes fixing on the outer wall of 2, movable block of the present invention produce is applied directly on solid-state combustible ice, and movable block itself also can be heated and cause own temperature to raise, cavity is offered in movable block inside, and rock wool is filled in cavity, by the heat-blocking action of rock wool, the heat that heating tube is produced is applied to solid combustible on ice completely, reduces the thawing efficiency of thermal loss and then raising combustible ice;
3, the length of the first blade is set to the length being greater than the second blade by the present invention, and then increase the contact lead of the first blade and combustible ice, and then prevent the heating tube on the inwall of tubular thawing part and movable block outer wall from colliding and causing it impaired, reach the object in extension fixture application life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide the further understanding to the embodiment of the present invention, forms a application's part, does not form the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Mark and corresponding component title in accompanying drawing:
1-exhaust tube, 2-center-pole, 3-aggregation cover, 4-movable block, 5-first blade, 6-second blade, 7-cavity, 8-heating tube, 9-reflecting plate, 10-reflect projection.
Detailed description of the invention
Clearly understand for making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are only for explaining the present invention, not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment comprises exhaust tube 1 and is placed in the center-pole 2 of exhaust tube 1 inside, being fixed with cross section at the end of described center-pole 2 is circular movable block 4, the outer wall of described movable block 4 is fixed with the heating tube 8 of multiple parallel connection, exhaust tube 1 inwall is fixed the cable of promising heating tube 8 power supply, also comprise the aggregation cover 3 that cross section is circular arc, described aggregation cover 3 is fixed on the outer wall of exhaust tube 1 hypomere, the inwall of described aggregation cover 3 is provided with the reflecting plate 9 matched with it, and the thickness of reflecting plate 9 increases progressively along its center to two ends, described reflecting plate 9 inwall being provided with multiple longitudinal section is leg-of-mutton reflection projection 10, the middle part and bottom outer wall of described movable block 4 are separately installed with multiple first blade 5, second blade 6, described movable block 4 inside has cavity 7, and is filled with rock wool in cavity 7.
When the present invention works, by exhaust tube 1 fixing seal in the upper end of flammable iced storage, aggregation cover 3 and movable block 4 are then inserted in flammable iced storage, movable block 4 starts to underground moving under the driving of center-pole 2, heating tube 8 is started working simultaneously, and its heat produced is applied to rapidly on combustible ice, and combustible ice gets started decomposition and namely forms the methane of gaseous state and liquid water after being heated, the methane of gaseous state is discharged by exhaust tube 1, the heat collection that heating tube 8 discharges then is diffused to the bottom of flammable iced storage by the aggregation cover 3 be fixed on exhaust tube 1, the cross section of aggregation cover 3 is circular arc simultaneously, namely by center-pole 2 move down and the propelling of movable block 4 makes the solid combustible ice in flammable iced storage form one with the maximum outside diameter size of movable block 4 for internal diameter, and melt part with the tubular that the maximum inner diameter size of aggregation cover 3 is external diameter, and this tubular thawing part is from top to bottom decomposed gradually, gaseous state after decomposition is finally slowly discharged in flammable iced storage by exhaust tube 1, by the decomposition step by step of aggregation cover 3 and movable block 4 pairs of combustible ices, the heat that flammable iced storage is merely able to slowly spreads, make the exhaust tube 1 pair of methane extract uninterrupted ensure that combustible ice can not be too fast simultaneously be decomposed and overflow, to avoid exploitation combustible ice to cause larger impact to environment, reach the object improving coefficient of mining and safety reliability, working as in center-pole 2 folding process, the decomposed speed that the upper aggregation cover 3 of tubular thawing part formed in flammable iced storage is mapped to is slower, and when the heating power of heating tube 8 is stablized, the combustible ice decomposition rate that movable block 4 is mapped to is greater than the combustible ice decomposition rate that aggregation cover 3 is mapped to, namely the gaseous methane amount causing exhaust tube 1 to extract only comes from tubular and melts portion centers place, extraction amount declines obviously, for overcoming this problem, fixed transmission plate 9 on aggregation cover 3 inwall, and multiple reflection projection 10 is set on reflecting plate 9, the heat discharged by heating tube 8 spills in aggregation cover 3, by reflecting plate 9 and the stop of reflecting projection 10 pairs of heats, bounce-back, and then increase heat melts part upper end action effect at tubular, the decomposition rate of the combustible ice as far as possible keeping aggregation cover 3 and movable block 4 to be mapped to, realize maximizing the object extracting gaseous methane.
In the process that center-pole 2 moves down, when particularly flammable iced storage geographic location is complicated, the downward jacking of movable block 4 can be subject to the obstruction impact of rock or other geologic structures, applicant is studying through long-time, the middle part of movable block 4 and bottom outer wall are fixed with multiple first blade 5 and the second blade 6, when the downstream rate of movable block 4 reduces, starting extraneous driving arrangement makes center-pole 2 start to turn in flammable iced storage inward turning, by the cutting of the first blade 5 and the second blade 6 pairs of bars to ensure that the stable of movable block 4 presses down, improve the extraction efficiency of methane, the heat that multiple heating tubes 8 fixing on the outer wall of movable block 4 produce is applied directly on solid-state combustible ice, and movable block 4 itself also can be heated and cause own temperature to raise, cavity 7 is offered in movable block 4 inside, and rock wool is filled in cavity 7, by the heat-blocking action of rock wool, the heat that heating tube 8 is produced is applied to solid combustible on ice completely, reduces the thawing efficiency of thermal loss and then raising combustible ice.
As preferably, the length of the first blade 5 is set to the length being greater than the second blade 6, and then increase the contact lead of the first blade 5 and combustible ice, and then prevent the heating tube 8 on the inwall of tubular thawing part and movable block 4 outer wall from colliding and causing it impaired, reach the object in extension fixture application life.
Above-described detailed description of the invention; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a methane hydrate collection tube, comprise exhaust tube (1) and be placed in the inner center-pole (2) of exhaust tube (1), it is characterized in that: being fixed with cross section at the end of described center-pole (2) is circular movable block (4), the outer wall of described movable block (4) is fixed with the heating tube (8) of multiple parallel connection, exhaust tube (1) inwall is fixed the cable that promising heating tube (8) is powered, also comprise the aggregation cover (3) that cross section is circular arc, described aggregation cover (3) is fixed on the outer wall of exhaust tube (1) hypomere, the inwall of described aggregation cover (3) is provided with the reflecting plate (9) matched with it, and the thickness of reflecting plate (9) increases progressively along its center to two ends, described reflecting plate (9) inwall being provided with multiple longitudinal section is leg-of-mutton reflection projection (10).
2. a kind of methane hydrate collection tube according to claim 1, is characterized in that: on the middle part and bottom outer wall of described movable block (4), be separately installed with multiple first blade (5), the second blade (6).
3. a kind of methane hydrate collection tube according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described movable block (4) inside has cavity (7), and be filled with rock wool in cavity (7).
4. a kind of methane hydrate collection tube according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the length of described first blade (5) is greater than the length of described second blade (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510132864.3A CN104763382A (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2015-03-26 | Methane hydrate gathering pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510132864.3A CN104763382A (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2015-03-26 | Methane hydrate gathering pipe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104763382A true CN104763382A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Family
ID=53645439
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510132864.3A Pending CN104763382A (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2015-03-26 | Methane hydrate gathering pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104763382A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107448176A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of non-diagenesis gas hydrates mechanical jet unitized production method and device of sea-bottom shallow |
| CN110863808A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-03-06 | 西南石油大学 | Thickened oil exploitation method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating |
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| CN2201644Y (en) * | 1994-07-30 | 1995-06-21 | 北京雷迪艾森新技术开发公司 | Photoelectric tube heating furnace |
| CN1316633A (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2001-10-10 | 叶孙础 | Solar energy absorbing surface with conic slots aggregation |
| CN1587641A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2005-03-02 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method and device for sea natural gas hydrate production |
| CN1587640A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2005-03-02 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method and device for sea natural gas hydrate production and drilling |
| JP2009046882A (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | Methane hydrate mining method and methane hydrate mining apparatus |
| CN101750624A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Energy-collecting air gun shield for geological prospecting air gun |
| CN103233707A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-07 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Exploitation device of gas hydrate of shallow water region and exploitation method |
| CN204627556U (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-09-09 | 成都来宝石油设备有限公司 | A kind of methane hydrate extracts tubing string |
-
2015
- 2015-03-26 CN CN201510132864.3A patent/CN104763382A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86108665A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1987-06-17 | 湖北省建筑材料工业研究设计院 | The drilling tool that is used for crisp such as directed cracking stone material |
| CN2201644Y (en) * | 1994-07-30 | 1995-06-21 | 北京雷迪艾森新技术开发公司 | Photoelectric tube heating furnace |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107448176A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of non-diagenesis gas hydrates mechanical jet unitized production method and device of sea-bottom shallow |
| CN107448176B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-02-28 | 西南石油大学 | Mechanical jet combined mining method and device for seabed shallow layer non-diagenetic natural gas hydrate |
| CN110863808A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-03-06 | 西南石油大学 | Thickened oil exploitation method for enhancing water drive efficiency through electric heating |
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Application publication date: 20150708 |