CN110861370A - 一种pu芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料 - Google Patents

一种pu芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料 Download PDF

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CN110861370A
CN110861370A CN201910974374.6A CN201910974374A CN110861370A CN 110861370 A CN110861370 A CN 110861370A CN 201910974374 A CN201910974374 A CN 201910974374A CN 110861370 A CN110861370 A CN 110861370A
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李国铭
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LIYANG CITY SHANHU INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料是利用一种PU泡沫芯做支撑，上下两面用玻纤毡做增强材料，采用聚氨酯喷涂粘结基于热压工艺制造的新型三明治复合材料。具有轻质高刚性兼具韧性、高尺寸稳定性、低VOC、灵活的设计自由度、兼具优良的隔音、吸音性能。所述复合材料可以应用于汽车天窗板、衣帽架的制造。

Description

一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料。
背景技术
早期汽车衣帽架选用的骨架材料主要是各种成型塑料件，现在基本在用复合材料，有PP木粉板，PP天然纤维混合纤维毡，短玻纤增强PP板(GMT材料)。
PP木粉板广泛应用于中、低档轿车。容易成型，与各种装饰面料一次模压成型，成型工艺简单，但易于产生气味问题及有机物散发性问题，强度不高，PP木粉板在热压成型过程中出现的常见质量是基板拉伸撕裂产生报废。成型后产品容易生产翘曲变形，容易受环境影响产生收缩，强度较差，附件装配不牢固，容易掉落，影响主机厂的装配。
PP天然纤维混合纤维毡虽然质轻环保，但是始终无法克服天然纤维的吸水性与基体材料不相容性，该复合材料在基板成型生产过程中如果加热温度不合适，则会出现不同的质量缺陷，如果温度过高，成型后基板易糊，板脆容易断裂，特别是在冲孔时，断裂几率很高，如果温度过低，基板成型后，容易变形，并且容易吸水膨胀，强度无法达到标准要求，后续产品使用过程中也容易变形，影响顾客使用。
GMT，存在热塑性树脂对玻纤毡浸渍困难，玻纤不能在片材中完全均匀分布，表面粗糙等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料，所属材料是一种三明治结构复合材料，具有轻质高刚性的特点同时具有一定的韧性，由于芯材使用了低密度吸音PU泡沫，使得该材料结构兼具优良的隔音、吸音性能。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料从上到下，材料组合依次是：PU、玻纤、PU泡沫芯、玻纤、PU。
所述PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)先制得低密度PU泡沫片材；
(2)骨架成型，把PU泡沫芯材上下两层铺设玻纤后进行PU喷涂，最后送入模具热压成型冲切制得成品。
步骤(1)中所述的低密度PU泡沫片材的制备方法为：先控制A组份与B组份的温度在20～25℃，混合比例A/B为100：100～180，机械混合15～25秒，然后在发泡箱内自由发泡，发泡结束后放置1天，上机切片而得到低密度PU泡沫片材。
步骤(2)中骨架成型的具体实施方式为：
a、在制得的PU泡沫芯上下两层铺设短切玻纤毡，玻纤毡的克重根据制品的强度要求一般选用为300-500g/m2。
b、铺设好玻纤毡的PU芯材，通过装置有特殊的抓取工装的六轴机器人抓取，送入装置有特殊级别的高压发泡机的喷涂房内上下两面，按编程的轨迹进行喷涂PU，喷涂流量一般设定在35-50g/s,单面喷涂量一般为350-500g/m2,喷涂完后由机器人送入产品模具内进行模压，模具通过油加热控制温度在120±10℃，模压压力设定在：15-20MPa，保压时间为80±10秒。
所述低密度吸音PU泡沫由组份A和组份B发泡制得，该聚氨酯泡沫的密度为25±3kg/m3,其中A组份聚醚多元醇羟值为120±10mgKOH/g，25℃下的粘度为650±100mPa.s，所述B组份异氰酸酯中NCO的含量为25±1％，25℃下的粘度为400±100mPa.s，制得的泡沫密度均匀，透气性好，具有良好的吸音性能。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料结构产品是目前用于汽车衣帽架的最新工艺结构，是上一代以PUR+蜂窝材料结构发展而来的产品材料工艺；该结构成功运用“三明治”结构的力学性能特点，充分发挥了厚度对板材刚性的增加的优势，最大程度的降低了产品的重量；由于用低密度吸音PU泡沫替代了蜂窝纸芯，使得该结构在满足产品强度和刚性的前提下具有一定的韧性和缓冲性，并且具有良好的隔音、吸音性能。
一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料里软外硬的特点把高抗戳穿性能和高缓冲性能融为一体克服了蜂窝纸芯结构抗戳穿能力差的缺点，同时采用低粘度的反应性聚氨酯为基体树脂，解决了树脂粘度大，对长玻纤难浸润问题，使长玻纤与聚氨酯树脂结合成为一个整体，在具有高强度刚性的同时兼具有韧性和缓冲性，解决了原结构材料无韧性，缓冲性，冲击后容易产生断裂，实际装车过程中尺寸干涉难以装配的问题，特别适用于汽车衣帽架和天窗板的应用
附图说明
图1是本发明中一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的结构示意图。
图中标记为：1、PU；2、玻纤；3、PU芯。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料从上到下，材料组合依次是：PU、玻纤、PU泡沫芯、玻纤、PU。
所述PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)先制得低密度PU泡沫片材；
(2)骨架成型，把PU泡沫芯材上下两层铺设玻纤后进行PU喷涂，最后送入模具热压成型冲切制得成品。
步骤(1)中所述的低密度PU泡沫片材的制备方法为：先控制A组份与B组份的温度在25℃，混合比例A/B为100：180，机械混合25秒，然后在发泡箱内自由发泡，发泡结束后放置1天，上机切片而得到低密度PU泡沫片材。
步骤(2)中骨架成型的具体实施方式为：
a、在制得的PU泡沫芯上下两层铺设短切玻纤毡，玻纤毡的克重根据制品的强度要求一般选用为300g/m2。
b、铺设好玻纤毡的PU芯材，通过装置有特殊的抓取工装的六轴机器人抓取，送入装置有特殊级别的高压发泡机的喷涂房内上下两面，按编程的轨迹进行喷涂PU，喷涂流量一般设定在35g/s,单面喷涂量一般为300g/m2,喷涂完后由机器人送入产品模具内进行模压，模具通过油加热控制温度在120±10℃，模压压力设定在：20MPa，保压时间为90秒。
实施例2
一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料从上到下，材料组合依次是：PU、玻纤、PU泡沫芯、玻纤、PU。
所述PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)先制得低密度PU泡沫片材；
(2)骨架成型，把PU泡沫芯材上下两层铺设玻纤后进行PU喷涂，最后送入模具热压成型冲切制得成品。
步骤(1)中所述的低密度PU泡沫片材的制备方法为：先控制A组份与B组份的温度在20℃，混合比例A/B为100：100，机械混合15秒，然后在发泡箱内自由发泡，发泡结束后放置1天，上机切片而得到低密度PU泡沫片材。
步骤(2)中骨架成型的具体实施方式为：
a、在制得的PU泡沫芯上下两层铺设短切玻纤毡，玻纤毡的克重根据制品的强度要求一般选用为500g/m2。
b、铺设好玻纤毡的PU芯材，通过装置有特殊的抓取工装的六轴机器人抓取，送入装置有特殊级别的高压发泡机的喷涂房内上下两面，按编程的轨迹进行喷涂PU，喷涂流量一般设定在50g/s,单面喷涂量一般为500g/m2,喷涂完后由机器人送入产品模具内进行模压，模具通过油加热控制温度在130℃，模压压力设定在：20MPa，保压时间为70秒。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料，其特征在于，所述材料从上到下，材料组合依次是：PU、玻纤、PU泡沫芯、玻纤、PU。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)先制得低密度PU泡沫片材；
(2)骨架成型，把PU泡沫芯材上下两层铺设玻纤后进行PU喷涂，最后送入模具热压成型冲切制得成品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述的低密度PU泡沫片材的制备方法为：先控制A组份与B组份的温度在20～25℃，混合比例A/B为100：100～180，机械混合15～25秒，然后在发泡箱内自由发泡，发泡结束后放置1天，上机切片而得到低密度PU泡沫片材。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种PU芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中骨架成型的具体实施方式为：
a、在制得的PU泡沫芯上下两层铺设短切玻纤毡，玻纤毡的克重根据制品的强度要求一般选用为300-500g/m2；
b、铺设好玻纤毡的PU芯材，送入装置有特殊级别的高压发泡机的喷涂房内上下两面，按编程的轨迹进行喷涂PU，喷涂流量一般设定在35-50g/s,单面喷涂量一般为350-500g/m2,喷涂完后由机器人送入产品模具内进行模压，模具通过油加热控制温度在120±10℃，模压压力设定在：15-20MPa，保压时间为80±10秒。
CN201910974374.6A 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 一种pu芯材聚氨酯喷涂玻纤增强复合材料 Pending CN110861370A (zh)

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