CN110860792A - Control method for eliminating weld cracks of high-temperature titanium alloy plate - Google Patents
Control method for eliminating weld cracks of high-temperature titanium alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110860792A CN110860792A CN201911145027.9A CN201911145027A CN110860792A CN 110860792 A CN110860792 A CN 110860792A CN 201911145027 A CN201911145027 A CN 201911145027A CN 110860792 A CN110860792 A CN 110860792A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a control method for eliminating weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate. The method comprises the following steps: removing oxygen-enriched layers in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; butting an arc striking area of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with an arc receiving area; selecting two titanium foils, and respectively inserting the two titanium foils into butt joint gaps of an arc starting area and an arc ending area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; respectively coating a titanium alloy flux coating layer on the arc striking area and the arc closing area; performing laser scanning on the coating layer by defocused spots to slightly melt the surface of the titanium alloy welding flux and solidify the titanium alloy welding flux in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; and welding the butt weld of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded in a laser welding mode. The invention greatly improves the stability of the laser welding seam of the titanium alloy material, further improves the structural strength of the titanium alloy material, and is widely applicable to the aerospace and civil fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding processing, in particular to a control method for eliminating weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate.
Background
With the demand of a new generation of aircrafts in China on high altitude and high speed, a new generation of high temperature titanium alloy material in China gradually starts to enter an engineering application stage, the research and development of high temperature and high strength titanium alloy is one of important development trends of titanium alloy, and great progress has been made in the field of the series of titanium alloy in China.
Meanwhile, with the complication of an alloy system, the material has sensitivity to heat input, particularly the tendency of weld cracking in unstable areas such as arc starting and arc stopping is increased, the welding process window is narrowed, the welding process window needs to be adjusted according to a specific structural form during the welding and manufacturing of a structural member, and the welding crack tendency is extremely high. In a typical circumferential weld of the cylinder member, because the welding structure is a circumferential closed weld, arc starting and arc stopping parts cannot be removed after welding is completed, and therefore end cracks cannot be effectively removed.
The problems that the current high-temperature titanium alloy material generates an oxygen-rich layer along with the complication of an alloy system and the heavier surface oxidation in the high-temperature rolling process, the material has high sensitivity to heat input, particularly the tendency of weld cracking in unstable areas such as arc starting and arc stopping is large, a welding process window is narrow, the welding process window needs to be adjusted according to a specific structural form during the welding and manufacturing of a structural member, and the welding crack tendency is great are solved.
How to provide a control method for eliminating the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method for eliminating weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate. Removing oxygen-enriched layers in an arc striking area and an arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; a titanium foil is plugged into a butt joint gap of an arc starting area and an arc ending area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; coating a titanium alloy flux coating layer; and welding the butt weld of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded by adopting a laser welding mode. Solves the problem that the welding of the high-temperature titanium alloy material in the prior art is easy to have cracks.
(2) Technical scheme
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for eliminating and controlling weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate, which comprises the following steps:
s110, respectively removing oxygen-enriched layers in an arc striking area and an arc closing area of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded;
s120, butting the arcing region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arcing region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, and butting the arc-ending region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arc-ending region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; selecting two titanium foils, and respectively inserting the two titanium foils into butt joint gaps of an arc striking area and an arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded;
s130, respectively coating a titanium alloy flux coating layer on an arc striking area and an arc closing area;
s140, performing laser scanning on the coating layer by using defocused light spots to slightly melt the surface of the titanium alloy welding flux and solidify the surface in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; and welding the butt weld of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded in a laser welding mode.
Further, the arc starting area and the arc stopping area are respectively a welding starting position and a welding stopping position of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded; and the welding starting position and the welding retracting position are areas with certain gaps in length and width prefabricated on the high-temperature titanium alloy plate in a laser cutting mode.
Further, the oxygen-rich layer is removed by a laser cleaning method.
Further, the laser cleaning method comprises the following steps: a pulse laser with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 130-160ns, the fiber core diameter of 100 microns and 300W-level parameters is used as a cleaning light source, a six-axis manipulator is used as a laser cleaning and carrying mechanism, and the front and back surfaces of an arc striking area and an arc extinguishing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate are subjected to laser cleaning by using the parameters of 280W power, 50Hz pulse frequency and 10mm focal length.
Further, the removal thickness of the oxygen-enriched layer on each surface of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate by the laser cleaning method is between 0.03 and 0.05 mm.
Further, the length of the arc striking area of one piece of the titanium foil is equal to that of the arc striking area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, the length of the arc closing area of the other piece of the titanium foil is equal to that of the arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, and the width of the two pieces of the titanium foil is equal to the thickness of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded.
Further, the preparation method of the titanium alloy flux comprises the following steps: 300-500-mesh pure titanium powder, 300-500-mesh BaCl2 powder and 300-500-mesh NaF2 powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:1:1, the obtained mixture and alcohol are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 1:3, and the mixture settled at the bottom is taken as titanium alloy flux.
Further, the coating thickness of the titanium alloy flux coating layer is 50-500 mu m.
Further, the diameter of the defocused light spot is 5mm-20 mm.
Furthermore, the laser power of the laser welding mode is 1000W-5000W, the speed is 0.5m/min-5m/min, and the whole laser scanning heating process is carried out under the protection of argon.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, the invention provides the advantages that the oxygen-enriched layer on the surface of the plate in the arcing and arc-ending areas is accurately and quantitatively removed through laser cleaning, the titanium alloy welding flux coating and the laser welding of the arcing and arc-ending areas are optimized and adjusted, and finally the welding is formed in one step, and the welding arcing position has no crack defects; the stability of the laser welding seam of the titanium alloy material is greatly improved, the structural strength of the titanium alloy material is further improved, and the titanium alloy material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace and civilian life.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for controlling elimination of weld cracks in a high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the splicing of two high temperature titanium alloy plates in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates and a titanium foil after being spliced according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate after being coated with a titanium alloy flux coating layer in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to an embodiment of the present invention after the titanium alloy flux coating layer is slightly melted.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples and figures 1-5.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for controlling elimination of weld cracks in a high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to an embodiment of the present invention may include:
s110, respectively removing oxygen-enriched layers in an arc striking area and an arc closing area of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded;
s120, butting the arcing region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arcing region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, and butting the arc-ending region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arc-ending region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; selecting two titanium foils, and respectively inserting the two titanium foils into butt joint gaps of an arc striking area and an arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded;
s130, respectively coating a titanium alloy flux coating layer on an arc striking area and an arc closing area;
s140, performing laser scanning on the coating layer by using defocused light spots to slightly melt the surface of the titanium alloy welding flux and solidify the surface in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; and welding the butt weld of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded in a laser welding mode.
Before describing the working principle of the embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that the positions of the arc striking area and the arc extinguishing area on two workpieces to be welded (i.e. the high temperature titanium alloy plate in the embodiment of the present invention) need to be described, as shown in fig. 2, the arc striking area is generally the starting position of the laser welding (e.g. the central position of the upper end of fig. 2), and the arc extinguishing area is generally the ending position of the laser welding (e.g. the central position of the lower end of fig. 2); and a splicing seam to be welded is arranged between the arc striking area and the arc receiving area, and can be welded by laser welding equipment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the existing oxygen-rich layer is removed firstly, so that the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be subjected to high-temperature laser welding has no or few original oxygen-rich layers, the accumulated oxygen-rich layers are reduced after the welding is finished, the segregation amount of alloy elements is reduced during the welding, and the internal pores and welding cracks of the subsequent laser welding seam can be reduced.
And then, the arc striking areas and the arc receiving areas of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the arc striking areas, the arc receiving areas and the positions of welding seams of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded are ensured to be aligned, and the laser welding operation is facilitated to be carried out smoothly.
Then, the coating of the titanium alloy flux fully utilizes the pure titanium powder to fill the gaps between the titanium foil and the arcing region and the arc-closing region of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded, so that the phenomenon that welding seams collapse or undercut caused by material shortage is avoided, and the coating of the titanium alloy flux can further contribute to reducing the surface tension during welding cooling, preventing the welding seams from cracking and reducing the probability of welding cracks.
In the embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy flux coating layer can be coated with one layer or two layers, and the coating can be set according to requirements.
Finally, laser scanning is carried out on the coating layer by defocused light spots, so that the surface of the titanium alloy welding flux is slightly melted and is fixedly solidified in an arc striking area and an arc closing area, the titanium alloy welding flux coating layer can be firmly and reliably filled in the gap, and the welding seam is prevented from cracking by utilizing the surface tension of the titanium alloy welding flux coating layer; and then, the butt weld of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded is welded in a laser welding mode, so that the obtained high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded have no crack defects at the welding arc starting and arc ending positions, and the quality of the weld is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the oxygen-enriched layer of the titanium alloy plate is removed, the welding process of the arc starting area and the arc ending area is optimized, the prefabrication and filling of the titanium foil and the coating of the titanium alloy flux finally achieve the purpose of welding a workpiece to be welded for one-step forming, no crack defect exists at the arc starting and ending positions of welding, and the quality of the welding seam is obviously improved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, an arc starting area and an arc ending area of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to an embodiment of the present invention are respectively welding starting positions and welding receiving positions of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded; the welding starting position and the welding receiving position are areas with certain gaps in length and width prefabricated on the high-temperature titanium alloy plate in a laser cutting mode, the plates in the arc starting area and the arc receiving area can be removed accurately and quantitatively in the laser cutting mode, and the gaps in the certain length and width prefabricated in the laser cutting mode can be conveniently used for embedding pure titanium alloy.
Further, in the method for controlling elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-rich layer is removed by adopting a laser cleaning method, the laser cleaning method scans the arc starting area and the arc ending area, the cleaning thickness of the oxide layer in the arc ending area on the surface of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate can be accurately and quantitatively removed, the cleaning area can be quantitatively controlled, and the effect of reducing other areas of the plate by adopting acid cleaning in the prior art is avoided.
Specifically, in the method for controlling elimination of weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate, the laser cleaning method for the oxide layer adopts the following conditions: a pulse laser with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 130-160ns, the fiber core diameter of 100 microns and 300W-level parameters is used as a cleaning light source, a six-axis manipulator is used as a laser cleaning and carrying mechanism, and the front and back surfaces of an arc striking area and an arc extinguishing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate are subjected to laser cleaning by using the parameters of 280W power, 50Hz pulse frequency and 10mm focal length. This is because the thickness of the oxygen-rich layer of the high temperature titanium alloy sheet material shown in the embodiment of the present invention is generally about 0.03-0.05mm, and the oxygen-rich layer with the thickness can be accurately removed by the above method.
Further, referring to fig. 3 and 5, in the method for controlling elimination of weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to the embodiment of the present invention, one of the titanium foils has the same length as an arc starting region of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, the other of the titanium foils has the same length as an arc ending region of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, and the width of the two titanium foils is equal to the thickness of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded. As shown in fig. 3, one titanium foil is used for connecting the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded on the two sides in the arc striking area, and the other titanium foil is used for connecting the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded on the two sides in the arc extinguishing area, so that the two titanium foils in the two sheets set in the embodiment of the invention have the same length as the arc striking area and the arc extinguishing area of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates, and can well connect the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded on the two sides. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 5, the width of the titanium foil in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the thickness of the high temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, so that when the titanium foil is filled in the arc striking area or the arc ending area, the width direction of the titanium foil is consistent with the thickness direction of the high temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded. When the width of the two titanium foils is equal to the thickness of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, the area to be welded can be kept flat, and the situation of sinking or protruding cannot occur.
Further, in the method for controlling elimination of weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate, the preparation method of the titanium alloy flux comprises the following steps: 300-500 mesh pure titanium powder and 300-500 mesh BaCl2Powder, 300-mesh NaF with 500 meshes2The powder is mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:1:1, the obtained mixture is uniformly mixed with alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the mixture settled at the bottom is taken as the titanium alloy welding flux. In the embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy flux is coated on the arc starting area and the arc ending area, and on one hand, the titanium alloy flux is filled by pure titanium powder, and the gap between the titanium foil and the high-temperature titanium alloy plate is avoided, so that the phenomenon that the welding seam collapses or bites due to material shortage is avoided; BaCl in titanium alloy welding flux on the other hand2Powder, NaF2The addition of the powder is beneficial to reducing the surface tension during welding cooling and preventing the welding line from cracking.
Specifically, in the method for controlling elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the coating thickness of the titanium alloy flux coating layer is 50-500 μm. This is because the specific characteristics of the high temperature titanium alloy sheet material are determined, and the above effects are best achieved when the coating thickness of the titanium alloy flux coating layer is 50-500 μm.
Further, the diameter of the defocused spot in the control method for eliminating the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate can be 5mm-20 mm. After the alcohol volatilizes, scanning the coating layer by using defocusing light spots with low energy density, so that the surface of the titanium alloy powder is slightly melted and is solidified in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; the diameter of a defocused spot can be 5mm-20mm, the laser power is 1000W-5000W, the speed is 0.5m/min-5m/min, and the whole laser scanning heating process is carried out under the protection of argon.
The method for eliminating and controlling the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to the embodiment of the invention is described again below by combining a specific Ti65 titanium alloy plate as a high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded.
And S110, removing the oxygen-enriched layers in the arcing region and the arc-closing region of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate. According to the detection data of the oxygen-enriched layer on the surface of the high-temperature titanium alloy, the thickness of the oxygen-enriched layer of the plate is about 0.03 mm; and scanning the arc starting and closing areas by adopting a laser cleaning mode, and accurately and quantitatively removing an oxide layer in the arc starting and closing area on the surface of the plate. In addition, the laser cleaning has the advantages that the cleaning area and the cleaning thickness can be accurately controlled, the arc-starting area of the plate to be welded is accurately cleaned, and the thinning effect of other areas of the plate due to integral plate acid cleaning is avoided. The laser cleaning parameters can adopt a 300W-grade pulse laser with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 130-160ns and the fiber core diameter of 100 mu m as a cleaning light source and a 6-axis manipulator as a laser cleaning and carrying mechanism. The laser cleaning is carried out by selecting the power of 280W, the pulse frequency of 50HZ and the focal length of 10mm, the front and back surfaces of the plate in the arc starting and closing area of 10mmX10mm are subjected to laser cleaning, and the single-side removal amount of the plate after the laser cleaning is 0.03-0.05 mm. And after the arc starting area and the arc closing area are cleaned by laser, performing prefabricated foil processing.
And S120, prefabricating the titanium foil to be welded at the arc starting and arc closing positions. As shown in the attached figure 3, a notch with the prefabricated length of 10mm and the width of 0.2mm is cut at the starting welding position and the ending welding position of the high-temperature titanium alloy in a laser cutting mode to be used as the starting arc position and the ending arc position. Selecting a titanium foil with the thickness of 0.2mm, preparing the titanium foil into a rectangular foil with the length of 10mm and the width of the rectangular foil as same as the thickness of the high-temperature titanium alloy to be welded, and plugging the titanium foil into a butt joint gap at an arc starting and arc stopping prefabricated position.
And S130, prefabricating and coating the titanium alloy flux. Selecting pure titanium powder with 300-plus-500 meshes and the same chemical composition as the base material, and then mixing the pure titanium powder with BaCl with 300-plus-500 meshes2Powder, NaF of 300-500 mesh2Mixing the powder according to the mass ratio of 20:1:1, uniformly mixing the obtained mixture and alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and settling the mixture at the bottom for later use. Referring to fig. 4, the alcohol mixture is coated on the arc starting and arc ending positions, the coating width is about 15mm, the length is about 15mm, the thickness is about 500 mu m, and after the coating is finished, the gap between the welding seams is filled with the alcohol mixture. And (5) welding after the alcohol is completely volatilized. The flux coating has the main functions that firstly, the gap between the titanium foil and the workpiece is filled by using pure titanium powder, so that the collapse or undercut of a welding line caused by material shortage is avoided; second is BaCl2Powder, NaF2The addition of the powder is beneficial to reducing the surface tension during welding cooling and preventing the welding line from cracking.
And S140, carrying out optimized welding. Referring to fig. 5, after the alcohol is volatilized, the coating layer is scanned by using defocused light spots with low energy density, so that the surface of the titanium alloy powder is slightly melted and is solidified in an arc starting area and an arc ending area. The diameter of a defocused spot is 20mm, the laser power is 5000W, the speed is 5m/min, and the whole laser scanning heating process is carried out under the protection of argon. After the defocused light spot is adopted to scan the titanium alloy powder coating, the surface of the titanium alloy powder is fixedly connected to a workpiece to be welded. And then welding the butt weld by adopting high-power laser, and performing laser welding by adopting 10000W power and the welding speed of 10m/min, wherein the welding process is performed under the protection of argon.
After welding, the welding seam is obtained by X-ray flaw detection on an arc starting area and an arc closing area, the internal quality of the welding seam has no cracks, and the welding seam reaches the grade I welding seam standard of HB/Z20017 plus 2012 titanium and titanium alloy laser welding process. Therefore, the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the crack defects are avoided in the arc striking area and the arc closing area after welding, and the quality of the welding seam is obviously improved.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A control method for eliminating weld cracks of a high-temperature titanium alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s110, respectively removing oxygen-enriched layers in an arc striking area and an arc closing area of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded;
s120, butting the arcing region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arcing region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded, and butting the arc-ending region of one high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded with the arc-ending region of the other high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded; selecting two titanium foils, and respectively inserting the two titanium foils into butt joint gaps of an arc striking area and an arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate to be welded;
s130, respectively coating a titanium alloy flux coating layer on an arc striking area and an arc closing area;
s140, performing laser scanning on the coating layer by using defocused light spots to slightly melt the surface of the titanium alloy welding flux and solidify the surface in an arc striking area and an arc closing area; and welding the butt weld of the two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded in a laser welding mode.
2. The method for controlling elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plates according to claim 1, wherein the arc starting area and the arc stopping area are respectively a welding starting position and a welding stopping position of two high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded; and the welding starting position and the welding retracting position are areas with certain gaps in length and width prefabricated on the high-temperature titanium alloy plate in a laser cutting mode.
3. The method for controlling elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-rich layer is removed by a laser cleaning method.
4. The method for eliminating and controlling the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to claim 3, wherein the laser cleaning method comprises the following steps: a pulse laser with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 130-160ns, the fiber core diameter of 100 microns and 300W-level parameters is used as a cleaning light source, a six-axis manipulator is used as a laser cleaning and carrying mechanism, and the front and back surfaces of an arc striking area and an arc extinguishing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate are subjected to laser cleaning by using the parameters of 280W power, 50Hz pulse frequency and 10mm focal length.
5. The method for eliminating and controlling the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to claim 4, wherein the removal thickness of the oxygen-rich layer on each surface of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate by the laser cleaning method is 0.03-0.05 mm.
6. The method for controlling elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plates according to claim 1, wherein one piece of the titanium foil is equal to the length of an arc striking area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded, the other piece of the titanium foil is equal to the length of an arc closing area of the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded, and the width of the two pieces of the titanium foil is equal to the thickness of the high-temperature titanium alloy plates to be welded.
7. The method for eliminating and controlling the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the titanium alloy flux comprises the following steps: 300-500 mesh pure titanium powder and 300-500 mesh BaCl2Powder, 300-mesh NaF with 500 meshes2Mixing the powders at a mass ratio of 20:1:1, mixing the obtained mixture with alcohol at a mass ratio of 1:3, and collecting the mixture settled at the bottom asTitanium alloy flux.
8. The method for controlling the elimination of the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the painting thickness of the titanium alloy flux coating layer is 50-500 μm.
9. The method for controlling elimination of weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the defocused light spot is 5mm-20 mm.
10. The method for eliminating and controlling the weld cracks of the high-temperature titanium alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding mode is performed at a laser power of 1000W-5000W and a speed of 0.5m/min-5m/min under the protection of argon gas in the whole laser scanning heating process.
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