CN110857431B - Composite microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis and used for degrading straw and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis and used for degrading straw and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110857431B
CN110857431B CN201810941807.3A CN201810941807A CN110857431B CN 110857431 B CN110857431 B CN 110857431B CN 201810941807 A CN201810941807 A CN 201810941807A CN 110857431 B CN110857431 B CN 110857431B
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孙旸
陈�光
张斯童
孙春玉
高祎妍
苏瑛杰
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Abstract

The invention provides a composite microbial inoculum containing bacillus licheniformis and capable of effectively degrading straws at low temperature, wherein the composite microbial inoculum is composed of 6 strains, can improve the rotten days of corn straws by 2-3 days in an outdoor environment at 1-6 ℃, and is particularly suitable for northern areas. The effect of mixing, decomposing and returning the composite microbial inoculum and the corn straws to the field is better for planting cucumbers, compared with a control group, plants grow more vigorous and stronger, leaves are thicker and greener, fruits are bigger, the average single fruit weight is increased by 21g, the yield is increased by 613kg per mu, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 4.1%. The composite microbial inoculum and the cucumber planting method containing a large amount of bacillus licheniformis can generate anti-active substances when the decomposed corn straws are returned to the field for planting cucumbers, have a unique biological oxygen deprivation action mechanism, and can inhibit the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria.

Description

Composite microbial agent containing bacillus licheniformis and used for degrading straw and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microorganisms, in particular to a bacillus licheniformis-containing composite bacterium capable of effectively degrading straws at a low temperature and application thereof.
Background
The straws contain rich lignocellulose which is renewable resources with the largest reserves on the earth, meanwhile, microorganisms are also an important link of carbon cycle in the nature for the degradation and the conversion of the straws, and if the straws can fully utilize the resources, the straws have profound significance for solving the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like in the world at present. At present, a plurality of researchers develop researches on adding exogenous lignocellulose degrading bacteria in the composting process of agricultural wastes and municipal wastes, and although there is a controversial question on whether the adding of the exogenous lignocellulose degrading bacteria can accelerate the fermentation and decomposition rate of the compost and improve the compost quality, the effect of adding the exogenous lignocellulose degrading bacteria in the compost becomes the research focus of the researchers. Because the temperature in the north is very low for a long time, the straws are not easy to decompose in a short time, so that the straw resources are not reasonably developed for a long time, most of the straws are burnt out as domestic fuel except that a small amount of straws are used for gaskets, feeding livestock and partially composting, but the straws have high cellulose content and a small amount of lignin, and the straws have very stable properties at normal temperature, so the straws are very slowly degraded. The existing straw decomposing inoculant in China is large in quantity, but the degradation effect of the straws is poor due to the limitation of the environmental temperature or the growth speed of thalli, and the decomposing utilization of the microbial degradation straws is more limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a composite microbial inoculum containing bacillus licheniformis and capable of effectively degrading straws at low temperature, which is prepared by domesticating 6 strains at low temperature and mixing the strains according to a certain proportion, is particularly suitable for low-temperature weather in the north and has excellent effect on decomposed straws.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a composite microbial inoculum containing Bacillus licheniformis for degrading straw at low temperature is characterized in that: the composite microbial inoculum contains 6 strains which are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, 20 percent of bacillus for producing cellulase, 10 percent of alternaria alternate for producing xylanase, 20 percent of lacustum verrucosum for producing laccase, 10 percent of bacillus mucilaginosus for producing lignin peroxidase, 10 percent of actinolesch for producing manganese peroxidase, 30 percent of bacillus licheniformis,
the Bacillus for producing the cellulase is Bacillus (Bacillus cellulolyticus) CGMCC 1.15312;
the Alternaria producing xylanase is Alternaria terrestris (Alternaria humicola) CGMCC 3.2917;
the Bacillus mucilaginosus for producing the lignin peroxidase is Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov (Bacillus mucilaginosus) GIM 1.16;
the actinolles sp for producing the manganese peroxidase is tenuisorba (Lacyella tengchnensis) CCTCC AA 208050;
the Bacillus licheniformis is Bacillus licheniformis (CGMCC) 1.519;
the strains can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) and Guangdong province center for culture Collection (GIM).
The laccase-producing Myrothecium verrucosa is a (Myrothecium verrucaria) mutant strain T2901, is obtained by separating, screening and mutating a soil sample collected from Changbai mountains in a laboratory, is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with the preservation date of 7/5/2017, and has the preservation unit address of Wuhan university in Wuhan City, China with the preservation number of M2017413.
A composite microbial inoculum containing Bacillus licheniformis and capable of effectively degrading straws at low temperature is realized by the following technical route: enrichment culture of each strain, screening and domestication of a low-temperature cellulose degradation composite bacterial system, mixing of a composite microbial inoculum, and degradation of straw by the composite microbial inoculum.
More specifically, the cellulase-producing bacillus, xylanase-producing alternaria and laccase-producing bacteriaActivating Myrothecium verrucaria, Bacillus mucilaginosus producing lignin peroxidase, Bacillus actinoleys producing manganese peroxidase, and Bacillus licheniformis according to conventional method, and culturing until the number of viable bacteria in the bacterial liquid reaches 2.0 × 10 8 Mixing bacterial liquid according to the following mass ratio: 20% of cellulase-producing paenibacillus, 10% of xylanase-producing alternaria, 20% of laccase-producing myrothecium verrucaria, 10% of lignin peroxidase-producing colloidal bacillus, 10% of manganese peroxidase-producing actinolesch bacteria and 30% of bacillus licheniformis, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid.
The application of the composite bacteria in straw degradation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composite microbial inoculum containing the bacillus licheniformis and capable of effectively degrading the straws at the low temperature provided by the invention is composed of 6 strains, can improve the maize straw rotten days for 2-3 days in an outdoor environment at the temperature of 1-6 ℃, and is particularly suitable for northern areas. The effect of mixing, decomposing and returning the composite microbial inoculum and the corn straws to the field is better for planting cucumber, compared with a control group, the growth of plants is more vigorous and stronger, the leaves are thicker and greener, the fruits are bigger, the average single fruit weight is increased by 21g, the yield is increased by 613kg per mu, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 4.1%. The composite microbial inoculum and the bacillus licheniformis containing the composite microbial inoculum can generate anti-active substances when rotten corn straws are returned to the field for planting cucumbers, have a unique biological oxygen deprivation action mechanism, and can inhibit the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria.
Example 1 mutagenesis screening of Myrothecium verrucaria
(1) Morphological identification and screening
Collecting forest soil in a natural protection area of the Changbai mountain, culturing on a PDA culture medium by a conventional method, wherein bacterial hyphae are initially white flocculent and are divergently grown to the periphery, bacterial colonies are approximately irregular circles, conidia seats appear after 5 days of growth on a flat plate, the conidia are initially dark green, and after 8 days of culture, the color of the conidia is continuously deepened and a Gelatina group appears; after 10 days of culture, the colonies are in concentric ring striations, the conidia glue DIAN cluster is black, and the back of the colonies is in light brown emission-shaped folds.
Punching a bacterium block with the diameter of 1cm by using a puncher, inoculating the bacterium block onto an aniline blue selective culture medium, culturing for 10 days in an aerobic incubator at the temperature of 30 ℃, observing the fading condition of aniline blue, and selecting a strain with high fading speed and strong capacity as a candidate strain.
Meanwhile, in order to screen strains for degrading lignin directionally, a liquid fermentation culture medium with lignin as a unique carbon source is designed, the removal rate of the lignin is determined by limiting a single carbon source, and strains which have good growth potential in the lignin culture medium and certain lignin removal capacity are selected for carrying out subsequent pretreatment tests on the corn straws.
(2) ITS sequence amplification, sequencing and molecular classification of strains
After the stable character is determined, the strain is sent to biological engineering (Shanghai) corporation for sequencing, and the strain is the Myrothecium verrucaria T2901.
(3) Mutagenesis and selection of strains
The mutant strain was prepared mainly by using normal pressure room temperature plasma mutagenesis (ARTP) method, and using Myrothecium verrucaria T2901 to prepare a spore suspension. Then diluting to adjust the spore concentration to 10 7 In each case, 10. mu.L of the diluted bacterial suspension was dropped onto an ARTP slide, and mutagenesis was performed by irradiation with a radiation distance of 4mm using an ARTP mutagenesis breeding system for an optimum mutagenesis time of 75 seconds.
Uniformly coating the diluted bacterial suspension on a guaiacol selective culture medium (the concentration of the guaiacol is 0.4 percent and is added into a PDA culture medium), culturing for 10 days in an aerobic incubator at the temperature of 30 ℃, observing the condition of a color change circle, and selecting a large strain with the color change circle as a candidate strain. The laccase activity of the positive mutant strain T2901 is improved by about 50 percent compared with that of a wild strain, and the strain T2901 can be stably inherited after multiple subcultures.
Example 2 Low temperature acclimatization of strains
(1) Enrichment culture strain
Inoculating the strain into a triangular flask containing 150mL of PDA culture medium, adding filter paper sheets with the length of 5cm and the width of 2cm, shake-culturing at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 1h, mixing, and making the supernatant into 10% -1 -10 -9 Diluting, inoculating 1mL of each diluent into PDA culture medium with filter paper as the only carbon source, and performing stationary enrichment culture at 28 ℃ for 4 generations. And screening out the material with short breaking time and high festering degree of the filter paper. PDA culture medium: 200g/L of potato, 20g/L of glucose and 15g/L of agar
Natural corn straw powder shake cultivation: weighing 5g of strain source sample, adding the strain source sample into a 100mL corn straw powder culture medium with natural corn straw powder as a unique carbon source (replacing filter paper in the PDA culture medium with the corn straw powder, culturing at 28 ℃ and 150rpm, absorbing 5mL of culture solution for 15d, transferring the culture solution into a new corn straw powder enrichment culture medium, and carrying out enrichment culture for 4 generations.
(2) Preliminary screening and domestication of low-temperature degradation cellulose composite bacterial system
And inoculating the enrichment culture into a filter paper strip culture medium by adopting a filter paper disintegration method to domesticate a low-temperature cellulose decomposition bacterial system, wherein the initial culture temperature is 28 ℃, subculturing for 4 generations at the temperature, and selecting a culture with high filter paper ulceration degree, short breaking time and nearly neutral pH value for continuous subculturing. Reducing the culture temperature by 2 ℃ every subculture until the culture temperature is reduced to 4 ℃, judging the cellulose decomposition capacity of the culture by observing the fracture condition of the filter paper, selecting the culture with better degradation capacity while carrying out passage, continuously culturing for 8 generations at the temperature of 8 ℃ in the acclimatization process, and stopping low-temperature acclimatization when the fracture time of the filter paper strips is consistent.
After preliminary low-temperature domestication, the result shows that the 6 strains of the obtained bacteria grow well at 4 ℃, which indicates that the 6 strains of the bacteria can grow normally at low temperature.
The 6 strains are: paenibacillus for producing cellulase, alternaria xylanase, Myrothecium verrucosum, Bacillus mucilaginosus for producing lignin peroxidase, actinoleicin for producing manganese peroxidase and Bacillus licheniformis,
the cellulase-producing paenibacillus (Bacillus cellulolyticus) CGMCC 1.15312;
the xylanase producing Alternaria alternata (Alternaria humicola) CGMCC 3.2917;
the lignin peroxidase producing Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucoarginosus Krassilnikov) GIM 1.16;
the manganese peroxidase-producing actinomyces (Laceyella tengchonensis) CCTCC AA 208050 Laceyella;
the Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) is CGMCC 1.519;
the strains can be purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) and Guangdong province center for culture Collection (GIM).
The laccase producing Myrothecium verrucaria mutant strain T2901 is obtained by separating, screening and mutating soil samples collected from Changbai mountains in laboratories, and is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with the preservation date of 2017, 7 and 5 days and the preservation number of CCTCC NO: M2017413.
Example 3 preparation of Complex microbial inoculum
Activating and culturing Paenibacillus for producing cellulase, Alternaria xylanase, Myrothecium verruculosa, Bacillus mucilaginosus for producing lignin peroxidase, Actinomyces manganese peroxidase and Bacillus licheniformis according to conventional method until viable count in bacterial liquid reaches 2.0 × 10 8 One per mL.
Mixing the bacterial liquid according to the following mass ratio: 20% of cellulase-producing paenibacillus, 10% of xylanase-producing alternaria, 20% of laccase-producing myrothecium verrucaria, 10% of lignin peroxidase-producing colloidal bacillus, 10% of manganese peroxidase-producing actinolesch bacteria and 30% of bacillus licheniformis, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid.
Example 4 degradation of straw
The experimental site is selected in a Jilin agriculture and forestry field test field of Jilin province, the day and night temperature is 1-6 ℃, corn straws are harvested and then paved in the experimental field, the compound microbial inoculum is added, 1.6kg of the microbial inoculum prepared in the embodiment 1 is applied to the experimental field per mu, the compound microbial inoculum is not required to be fermented by the straws in a control group, then water is added, and the straw decomposition and the change conditions are observed:
TABLE 1 straw decomposition conditions for different treatments
Figure GDA0003765640140000051
The result shows that compared with the condition that the compound microbial inoculum is not added, the compound microbial inoculum can lead the straw degradation and decomposition time to be 8-9 days, can lead the straw to be effectively decomposed even in the low-temperature weather of 1-6 ℃, and is very suitable for the northern weather.
Example 5 corn stover treatment with composite bacteria and returning to field for cucumber planting
Selecting an experimental place in a Jilin agriculture large test field of Jilin province, smashing the corn straws to 3-5cm, and mixing the straws with the composite microbial inoculum according to the mass ratio of 800: 1 mixing, composting for 4 days to obtain a microbial organic fertilizer, applying the microbial organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer at one time with the application amount of 1500 kg/mu, after the cucumber is planted, adding a conventional nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer as an additional fertilizer, applying the additional fertilizer 10 kg/mu each time, applying the additional fertilizer 5 times in the whole plant growth period and the fruit mature period, adding the same amount of corn straws into a control group and an experimental group, and adding the same amount of the conventional nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer as the additional fertilizer. Data were recorded every 4 days for room temperature, leaf and fruit growth in the shed and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure GDA0003765640140000052
Test results show that after the product and a conventional chemical fertilizer are mixed and applied to soil, plants grow vigorously and are robust, leaves are dark green, fruits are large, the average single fruit weight is increased by 21g, the yield is increased by 613kg per mu, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced by 4.1%. The invention can generate anti-active substance by adding a large amount of bacillus licheniformis, has unique biological oxygen-deprivation action mechanism and can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. The composite microbial inoculum provided by the invention has a great promotion effect on the growth of crops by acting on straw returning, can effectively enhance the resistance of cucumbers to diseases and insect pests, and increases the weight and the yield of fruits.

Claims (1)

1. Low-temperature degradation straw composite containing bacillus licheniformisThe bacterium synthesizing agent is characterized in that: the composite microbial inoculum contains 6 strains, and the number of the viable bacteria is 2.0 multiplied by 10 8 Mixing the bacteria liquid per mL according to the following mass ratio, wherein the bacteria liquid comprises 20% of bacillus for producing cellulase, 10% of alternaria for producing xylanase, 20% of lacustrum verrucosus for producing laccase, 10% of bacillus mucilaginosus for producing lignin peroxidase, 10% of Laplace actinomycete for producing manganese peroxidase and 30% of bacillus licheniformis;
the bacillus for producing cellulase is bacillus (B), (B)Bacillus cellulosilyticus) CGMCC 1.15312;
The alternaria alternata for producing xylanase is alternaria terrestris (A)Alternaria humicola )CGMCC 3.2917;
The spore bacteria for producing lignin peroxidase is spore bacteria (A)Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov)GIM1.16;
The manganese peroxidase-producing Laplace actinomycete is Laplace tenuis (R) (B)Laceyella tengchongensis )CCTCC AA 208050;
The Bacillus licheniformis (A), (B)Bacillus licheniformis) Is CGMCC 1.519;
the laccase-producing Myrothecium verrucosum (A), (B)Myrothecium verrucaria) The mutant strain T2901 has a preservation number of CCTCC NO of M2017413.
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