CN110856543A - Garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process and device - Google Patents
Garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110856543A CN110856543A CN201810958273.5A CN201810958273A CN110856543A CN 110856543 A CN110856543 A CN 110856543A CN 201810958273 A CN201810958273 A CN 201810958273A CN 110856543 A CN110856543 A CN 110856543A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/01—Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/022—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
- C11B9/025—Recovery by solvent extraction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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Abstract
The invention provides a garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process, which can be used for preparing garlic into products such as black garlic powder, garlic polysaccharide, garlic essential oil and the like, and the whole process flow is carried out in a closed device. The whole process does not generate waste gas and waste water, does not generate pollutants, realizes zero-pollution production, and has high product conversion rate; the added value of the product is greatly improved, and the product can be further processed into garlic essential oil capsules, health product tablets, liquid and medicines which are directly oriented to the terminal market of consumers; the Bulbus Allii polysaccharide can be made into tablet for administration, and the black Bulbus Allii powder can be made into granule.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garlic deep processing, and particularly relates to a garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process and device.
Background
Garlic is also called garlic bulb, garlic, calabash, single garlic and single garlic, and is a general name of garlic plants. A semiannual herb plant of the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae is used as a bulb. Collected in spring and summer, bundled, hung in a ventilated place, and dried in the shade for later use. The farm Han says "seed garlic is not in nine months and is in one end in nine months", and the seed garlic is picked up and dug in 6 months when the leaves are dry, the mud and sand are removed, and the seeds are ventilated, dried or baked until the skins are dry.
The garlic is oblate or short cone-shaped, the outside of the garlic is provided with grayish white or light brown membranous scales, the scaly leaves are peeled off, 6 to 10 garlic cloves are arranged inside the garlic, the garlic cloves are grown around the flower stem in a rotation mode, the base of the stem is disc-shaped, and most fibrous roots are grown. It has strong pungent smell of garlic and pungent taste. It has pungent smell, and can be used for eating or flavoring. The garlic is introduced into China from the western region when being in Qinhan, and has the effects of sterilization and anticancer through artificial cultivation and breeding, and is popular with the public.
China is the world's leading garlic producing, consuming and exporting countries. As Chinese people have the habit of eating garlic, peasants seed garlic extremely commonly, and the production area is all over the country. In the current fierce international market competition, the garlic industry in China gains performance, is difficult to come, and has important significance for the sustainable, healthy and stable development of the garlic industry.
In 2012, the yield of garlic in China is about 175 ten thousand tons, the garlic is exported by 31 ten thousand tons, and the export scale is stable in the first world. It is understood that the export uniformity of garlic is reduced by 2.82% in 2012, mainly because the number of export european union and japan is reduced year by year. Due to the increase of the production cost, the total export amount of the garlic in 2012 is 10.4 billion dollars, the ratio is increased by 7.98%, and the export amount is newly created.
In recent years, the garlic industry in China has been rapidly developed, and the garlic industry in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hebei, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces has become a local support industry. At present, the export of Chinese garlic reaches more than 120 countries and regions, the export varieties are continuously increased, 70 percent of the export garlic is red skin garlic, and particularly, middle and low grade garlic with the length of 4.5-5cm, 4.5-5.5cm and the like is taken as the main material.
At present, most of export products are raw material garlic and bulk garlic, and the technical content is low and the added value is not high. The garlic grower circulates such a sentence: "one year higher, three years lower and three years stable. "purchase price fluctuates greatly. For example, in 2016, the garlic price is increased, in 2017, the situation that the garlic market is over-supplied and over-demand is increased, the price is lowered, in 2016, the average purchase price of the garlic is more than 5 yuan per jin, and in 2017, the price is about 2 yuan. However, most of the garlic in the year 2017 is stored in a refrigerator and then is supplied to the next year. Therefore, the deep processing of garlic needs to be discussed, the added value of products is increased, and the garlic is more competitive to deal with the fluctuation of market conditions and ensure the benefits of farmers.
At present, although garlic processing enterprises are more, the primary processing is taken as the main part, the product types are single, and the garlic processing enterprises only make the garlic into foods (such as garlic slices, garlic granules, garlic pickled products and the like) because of small audiences and poor sales volume; in addition, a large amount of substances are wasted in the processing process, and the environment is polluted, wherein the wastewater treatment difficulty is high; even if the processing technology for extracting the allicin is available, the product cost is high, the resource consumption is large, and the income is not obvious.
In addition, in the processing time, the garlic raw materials are limited by easy germination, and can not be produced all the year round, so that the production is seasonal, the utilization rate of production equipment is low, most of the existing methods adopt refrigeration storage, but the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a deep processing and comprehensive utilization process of garlic comprises the following steps:
1) after collectively cleaning, removing impurities and drying harvested garlic, mixing the garlic and 40-95% edible ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5, sending the mixture to a beater, crushing the mixture, sieving the crushed mixture by a sieve of 80-100 meshes, storing the crushed mixture in a raw material tank, and hermetically storing the crushed mixture at normal temperature for later use;
2) separating the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution into liquid 1 and solid 1 by a multistage hydrocyclone and a high-speed centrifuge;
3) introducing the solid 1 into a centrifugal machine for further separation to obtain a large amount of liquid 2 and solid 2; introducing the liquid 1 into a high-speed centrifuge for further separation to obtain liquid 3 and solid 3;
4) mixing the solid 2 and the solid 3, inoculating beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus or mould or yeast, fermenting to obtain a mixture of mashed black garlic and fermentation liquor, drying the fermentation liquor, further drying and crushing the mashed black garlic to obtain black garlic powder;
5) heating and extracting the liquid 2 and the liquid 3 to obtain garlic essential oil, wherein the extraction rate is 60-70% of the total amount of the garlic essential oil;
6) spray drying the liquid 4 with the separated essential oil to prepare high-quality garlic polysaccharide, and recovering ethanol.
As another preferable scheme, the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution in the step 2) can be directly subjected to supercritical extraction by high-pressure CO2 to obtain garlic essential oil; and then carrying out centrifugal separation and drying to obtain garlic polysaccharide powder, and drying the centrifuged solid 4 to obtain garlic powder or further fermenting to prepare black garlic powder.
The whole process flow is carried out in a closed device, and the raw material tank adopts a stainless steel barrel.
The whole process flow can be imported into a product traceability system, so that the lowest transaction cost and the reliability of product quality are realized; the production chain of the garlic industry can be actually controlled, and the garlic raw material quality can be controlled from the planting link to each node of transportation, processing, fine and deep processing and product packaging and selling, so that product traceability is realized, and the product quality optimization is ensured.
Has the advantages that: (1) the edible ethanol can ensure that the garlic is fresh and not deteriorated, the garlic essential oil is preserved without volatilization loss, and the moisture in the garlic is effectively reduced; dissolving and extracting garlic essential oil and garlic polysaccharide, so that 70% of garlic essential oil and more than 90% of garlic polysaccharide are dissolved in ethanol solution. Meanwhile, the residual water content of the garlic is reduced to 30-40%, and the fermented garlic powder is favorably prepared.
(2) The whole process of the invention does not produce waste gas and waste water, does not produce pollutants, realizes zero-pollution production and has high product conversion rate.
(3) The invention greatly improves the added value of the product, and can be further processed into garlic essential oil capsules, health product tablets, liquid and medicines which are directly oriented to the terminal market of consumers; the Bulbus Allii polysaccharide can be made into tablet for administration, and the black Bulbus Allii powder can be made into granule.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow of deep processing of garlic provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is another garlic deep processing process flow provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1
A deep processing and comprehensive utilization process of garlic is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) after the harvested garlic is intensively cleaned, subjected to impurity removal and dried, the garlic and 80% edible ethanol solution are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 and sent to a pulping machine, and the mixture is crushed and sieved by a sieve of 80-100 meshes and is hermetically stored in a raw material tank at normal temperature for later use;
2) separating the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution into liquid 1 and solid 1 by a multistage hydrocyclone and a high-speed centrifuge;
3) introducing the solid 1 into a centrifugal machine for further separation to obtain liquid 2 and solid 2; introducing the liquid 1 into a high-speed centrifuge for further separation to obtain liquid 3 and solid 3;
4) mixing the solid 2 and the solid 3, inoculating lactobacillus and mould 2: 1, mixing and fermenting to obtain a mixture of mashed black garlic and fermentation liquor, drying the fermentation liquor, further drying and crushing the mashed black garlic to obtain black garlic powder;
5) heating and extracting the liquid 2 and the liquid 3 to obtain garlic essential oil, wherein the extraction rate is 60-70%;
6) spray drying the liquid 4 with the separated essential oil to prepare high-quality garlic polysaccharide, and recovering ethanol.
Example 2
A deep processing and comprehensive utilization process of garlic is shown in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
1) after the harvested garlic is intensively cleaned, subjected to impurity removal and dried, the garlic and 95% edible ethanol solution are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5 and sent to a beater, and the mixture is crushed and sieved by a sieve of 80-100 meshes and is hermetically stored in a raw material tank at normal temperature for later use;
2) subjecting the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution to supercritical extraction with high pressure CO2 to obtain garlic essential oil and solid-liquid mixture;
3) separating the solid-liquid mixture by a centrifugal machine to obtain liquid 4 and solid 4;
4) spray drying the liquid 4 to obtain garlic polysaccharide powder and gas;
5) directly drying the solid 4 to obtain garlic powder, or further fermenting the solid 4 to prepare black garlic powder;
6) the gas in the step 4) is subjected to multi-stage condensation to recover ethanol and condensed water, and the ethanol and the condensed water can be recycled.
Taking example 1 as an example, the annual production capacity of the whole process flow: 10 ten thousand tons of garlic raw materials are processed.
Wherein, 5 ten thousand tons of fresh garlic are stored, the storage time is 30 days, 1500 tons are stored every day, 20 storage tanks are needed, and the total volume is 80000m3 (the diameter is 35m, and the height is 6 m).
The yield of finished garlic essential oil is 3000 tons, and the finished garlic essential oil is packaged by a stainless steel barrel; the yield of the garlic powder is 30000 tons, and the garlic powder is packaged or barreled; the yield of the garlic polysaccharide is 3000 tons, and the garlic polysaccharide is packaged or barreled.
Although technical solutions of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) after collectively cleaning, removing impurities and drying harvested garlic, mixing the garlic and 40-95% edible ethanol solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5, sending the mixture to a beater, crushing the mixture, sieving the crushed mixture by a sieve of 80-100 meshes, storing the crushed mixture in a raw material tank, and hermetically storing the crushed mixture at normal temperature for later use;
2) separating the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution into liquid 1 and solid 1 by a multistage hydrocyclone and a high-speed centrifuge;
3) introducing the solid 1 into a centrifugal machine for further separation to obtain a large amount of liquid 2 and solid 2; introducing the liquid 1 into a high-speed centrifuge for further separation to obtain liquid 3 and solid 3;
4) mixing the solid 2 and the solid 3, inoculating beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus or mould or yeast, fermenting to obtain a mixture of mashed black garlic and fermentation liquor, drying the fermentation liquor, further drying and crushing the mashed black garlic to obtain black garlic powder;
5) heating and extracting the liquid 2 and the liquid 3 to obtain garlic essential oil, wherein the extraction rate is 60-70% of the total amount of the garlic essential oil;
6) spray drying the liquid 4 with the separated essential oil to prepare high-quality garlic polysaccharide, and recovering ethanol.
2. The deep processing and comprehensive utilization process of garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ethanol mashed garlic mixed solution in step 2) can be directly subjected to supercritical extraction with high pressure CO2 to obtain garlic essential oil; and then carrying out centrifugal separation and drying to obtain garlic polysaccharide powder, and drying the centrifuged solid 4 to obtain garlic powder or further fermenting to prepare black garlic powder.
3. The garlic further processing and comprehensive utilization process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whole process flow is carried out in a closed device, and the raw material tank is a stainless steel barrel.
4. The garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whole process flow can be imported into a product traceability system, thereby realizing the minimization of transaction cost and the credibility of product quality.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810958273.5A CN110856543A (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | Garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process and device |
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| CN201810958273.5A CN110856543A (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2018-08-22 | Garlic deep processing and comprehensive utilization process and device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114304289A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-12 | 青岛博恩高科生物技术有限公司 | Extraction method for comprehensive utilization of fresh garlic as raw material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114304289A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-12 | 青岛博恩高科生物技术有限公司 | Extraction method for comprehensive utilization of fresh garlic as raw material |
| CN114304289B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-09-05 | 青岛博恩高科生物技术有限公司 | Extraction method for comprehensive utilization of fresh garlic as raw material |
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