CN110851945A - Photovoltaic array arrangement method and photovoltaic array arrangement scheme automatic generation system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic array arrangement method and photovoltaic array arrangement scheme automatic generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic array arrangement method and an automatic generation system of a photovoltaic array arrangement scheme, wherein the photovoltaic array arrangement method comprises the following steps: s1: determining a barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area, and taking an area outside the barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area as an actual installable area; s2: arranging photovoltaic arrays in an actual mountable area according to the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules and the minimum spacing of the photovoltaic arrays to obtain a corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme; s3: calculating the annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system based on the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme; s4: and repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme by taking the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a target to finish the photovoltaic array arrangement. The photovoltaic array installation method can optimize the arrangement of the photovoltaic array in the irregular installation area, and simultaneously considers the influence of the shadow of the barrier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction, and relates to a photovoltaic array arrangement method and an automatic generation system of a photovoltaic array arrangement scheme.
Background
In the design of a photovoltaic system, the arrangement mode and the arrangement scheme of a photovoltaic array are crucial to accurately evaluating the installation capacity and the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system. The reasonable arrangement scheme can not only increase the system installation capacity and reduce the power generation loss caused by shadow shielding, but also can intuitively provide reference for site construction.
Key factors to be considered in the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme are the orientation, inclination angle, front-back installation distance, installation mode (horizontal multi/single row, vertical multi/single row), obstacles, shadows and the like of the photovoltaic modules. Generally, the arrangement design of the photovoltaic array is mainly completed by professionals according to experience or with the help of auxiliary software, and key factors such as the arrangement mode, the inclination angle, the orientation, the spacing and the like of the photovoltaic modules are mostly experience parameters, so that the arrangement result that the system installation capacity is maximum or the system annual energy production is maximum cannot be achieved; in addition, the existing optimized arrangement technical scheme considers a single scene and cannot process complex situations such as irregular installation areas, multiple obstacles, shadows and the like.
In view of the above, it is an urgent problem in the art to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic array arrangement method, wherein a photovoltaic array comprises at least one photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic modules are arranged according to a photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle and a photovoltaic module installation inclination angle, adjacent photovoltaic arrays are arranged in parallel at a photovoltaic array minimum interval, and the photovoltaic array arrangement method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area, and taking an area outside the barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area as an actual installable area;
s2: arranging the photovoltaic arrays in an actual mountable area according to the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules and the minimum spacing of the photovoltaic arrays to obtain a corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme,
the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme includes the following information:
the photovoltaic module azimuth angle, the photovoltaic module inclination angle, the minimum photovoltaic array spacing, the number of photovoltaic module blocks in the photovoltaic system and the arrangement position of the photovoltaic module;
s3: calculating the annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system based on the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme;
s4: and repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme by taking the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a target to finish the photovoltaic array arrangement.
In engineering practice, obstacles and shadows are inevitably present inside and outside the photovoltaic installation area. Common obstacles and shadows for rooftop photovoltaic power generation systems are the shadows of rooftop central air conditioners, rooftop skylights, water towers, and surrounding taller buildings, among others; for a ground photovoltaic power station, there are trees, power transmission and transformation equipment and the like in common obstacles and shadows. In order to reduce the power generation loss caused by shadow shielding, the barriers and the shadows are reasonably avoided when the photovoltaic array is arranged. Therefore, when optimizing the arrangement of the photovoltaic array, it is important to accurately consider the influence areas and ranges of the obstacles and the shadows. In addition, if the photovoltaic modules in two adjacent rows are arranged too densely, the photovoltaic modules are shielded by the shadows of the adjacent photovoltaic modules. If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in the shadow area, the photovoltaic modules cannot normally work in certain time periods, so that waste is caused. Therefore, the arrangement of the photovoltaic array must take the shadow areas in the photovoltaic installation areas into consideration, and the arrangement of the photovoltaic modules is carried out avoiding the shadow areas.
Further, the minimum pitch of the photovoltaic array satisfies the following formula model:
in the formula, DminThe minimum spacing of the photovoltaic array is defined as l is the length of the photovoltaic module, α is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, gamma is the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, phi is the slope gradient of the photovoltaic installation area, βtIs the sun azimuth angle, θtIs the solar altitude.
The azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module represents the installation orientation of the photovoltaic module, and the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module represents the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the plane of the photovoltaic installation area.
The model is suitable for the situation that the photovoltaic arrays are arranged on the plane and the slope, namely when phi is 0, the model is a calculation model of the minimum distance of the photovoltaic arrays when the photovoltaic arrays are arranged on the plane, and when phi is more than 0, the model is a calculation model of the minimum distance of the photovoltaic arrays when the photovoltaic arrays are arranged on the slope with the slope of phi.
Further, the step of determining the shadow blocking area of the obstacle in S1 includes the following steps:
s11: the method comprises the steps of (1) enabling an obstacle to be equivalent to a three-dimensional graph comprising a plurality of vertical rectangular surfaces;
s12: annual projections of a plurality of rectangular faces are obtained and taken together to determine the obstacle shadow occlusion area.
The obstacles are of various types and different shapes, and in order to unify and simplify the obstacle model, all the obstacles are equivalent to a three-dimensional figure formed by a plurality of vertical rectangular surfaces, and the heights of the rectangular surfaces can be unequal. The annual shadow area and range of the barrier can be obtained by solving the annual shadow influence area and range of each rectangular surface and combining all the shadow areas, so that the computational difficulty of a computer can be reduced, and the computational efficiency can be improved.
Further, step S12 includes the steps of:
s121: acquiring annual projections of vertexes of a plurality of rectangular surfaces according to a fixed time step length, and acquiring a union set to acquire a rectangular surface vertex projection point set;
s122: solving Delaunay interior edges of the vertex projection point set of the rectangular surface through Delaunay triangulation to form a Delaunay triangulation network;
s123: and solving a minimum polygon including the vertex projection point set of the rectangular surface through a convex hull algorithm, wherein the minimum polygon is an obstacle shadow shielding area.
In actual engineering, the smaller the data acquisition time step is, the higher the accuracy of the shadow region is, but the too small acquisition time step increases the data processing amount and reduces the calculation efficiency of the system. Due to the fact that the data acquisition points are discontinuous, the shadow area is discontinuous, and the boundary of the barrier shadow shielding area cannot be directly obtained, the boundary of the barrier shadow shielding area can be quickly and efficiently found through a computer by adopting the steps, meanwhile, the requirement for the data acquisition time step is greatly reduced, the obtained shadow area is also a simple polygon, and the method can be directly used for subsequent photovoltaic array arrangement optimization.
Further, step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system in a photovoltaic installation area, and generating positioning auxiliary lines, wherein the positioning auxiliary lines are perpendicular to the photovoltaic array installation direction, the positioning auxiliary lines can translate in the two-dimensional coordinate system, and each row of photovoltaic arrays are arranged along the positioning auxiliary lines;
s22, translating the positioning auxiliary line from the first end point to the second end point of the photovoltaic installation area along the positioning auxiliary line, arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the positioning auxiliary line, taking the position of the positioning auxiliary line as the initial position of the positioning auxiliary line when at least one photovoltaic module can be arranged in the actual installation area for the first time,
the first end point and the second end point are respectively two end points of a maximum translation interval of the positioning auxiliary line in the photovoltaic installation area;
s23: and translating the positioning auxiliary line from the initial position to a second end point, and arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays in the actual mountable area along the positioning auxiliary line after translating by a minimum distance of one photovoltaic array until the positioning auxiliary line moves out of the photovoltaic mounting area.
The positioning auxiliary line is used as a reference for arranging the photovoltaic modules, the problem of physical arrangement can be abstracted to a computer program, and an arrangement scheme can be generated rapidly. The initial position of the positioning auxiliary line is determined through the steps, so that the photovoltaic modules are arranged as much as possible, and the space waste of the photovoltaic installation area is prevented.
Further, arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the positioning assistance lines in step S22 includes the steps of:
s221: acquiring intersection points of the positioning auxiliary lines and the boundaries of the photovoltaic installation areas and line segments formed by adjacent intersection points;
s222: screening out line segments which are positioned in the photovoltaic installation area and have the length equal to or larger than the width of the photovoltaic module as line segments to be distributed;
s223: and arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the line segment to be arranged.
Through the steps, the process of determining the initial position of the positioning auxiliary line can be realized through a computer, the complex work of manual on-site determination is avoided, and the whole photovoltaic array arrangement process is helped to realize automation.
In addition, in step S222, through the process of screening the line segments to be arranged in the actual mountable area, the photovoltaic array arrangement method disclosed by the present invention can be applied to photovoltaic mounting areas with different shapes, and is particularly applicable to the case that the photovoltaic mounting area is a concave polygon, in addition to the photovoltaic mounting area of a convex polygon. When the photovoltaic installation area is a concave polygon, some line segments may exist in line segments formed by intersection points of the positioning auxiliary lines and the boundaries of the photovoltaic installation area, and in order to realize automatic arrangement on a computer, the line segments need to be screened to determine the line segments located in the actual installation area.
Further, in step S222, a line segment, in which the midpoint of the line segment is located in the photovoltaic installation area and the length is equal to or greater than the width of the photovoltaic module, is taken as the line segment to be arranged.
There are various methods for screening the line segments to be arranged in the actual mountable area, such as manual identification. In the invention, the position of the midpoint of the line segment is adopted for judgment, and the judgment logic can be realized by computer codes, so that the line segment to be arranged is automatically and efficiently obtained.
When the photovoltaic arrays are arranged along the positioning auxiliary line, one end point of the photovoltaic assembly is arranged at a first intersection point of the positioning auxiliary line and the photovoltaic installation area, and other end points of the photovoltaic assembly fall on the positioning auxiliary line or one side of the translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line;
or when the photovoltaic arrays are arranged along the line segment to be arranged, one end point of the photovoltaic module is arranged at the first intersection point of the line segment to be arranged and the photovoltaic installation region, and other end points of the photovoltaic module fall on the positioning auxiliary line or one side of the translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line, after the first photovoltaic module is completed, the first photovoltaic module is taken as a reference to sequentially arrange the rest photovoltaic modules along the line segment to be arranged, and the photovoltaic modules with the end points outside the actual installation region are excluded.
Since the photovoltaic modules are arranged along the positioning auxiliary line, if one end point position of the photovoltaic module is determined, the remaining end point positions can be simply obtained based on the size data of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the arrangement position data of all the photovoltaic modules along the positioning auxiliary line can be determined, and finally, the photovoltaic modules with the end points outside the actual mountable area are excluded. The above process can also be realized by computer code, so that the arrangement scheme is automatically and efficiently obtained.
Further, the annual exposure dose received by the photovoltaic system satisfies the following formula model:
in the formula, R is annual irradiation amount received by a photovoltaic system, N is the number of photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system, f is single-day irradiation amount received by a single photovoltaic module, α is a photovoltaic module installation inclination angle, gamma is a photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle, L is latitude of a photovoltaic installation area, lambda is a solar angle of the photovoltaic installation area, and I is horizontal plane irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic installation area;
the single-day irradiation received by the single photovoltaic module is obtained by calculating the irradiation at each moment time by time and then adding.
After the latitude position of the photovoltaic installation area is determined, historical data can be inquired from the historical data to determine historical data of the illumination intensity of the area. The solar angle can be directly calculated according to the latitude position, and comprises a solar declination angle, a solar azimuth angle, a solar altitude angle and the like. When calculating the irradiation intensity received by the photovoltaic module, the horizontal plane irradiation is generally separated into direct irradiation and scattered irradiation. The total radiation received by the photovoltaic module is the sum of direct radiation, scattered radiation and reflected radiation.
Furthermore, the final result can be made closer to reality by accumulating the exposure time by time.
Further, step S4 includes the steps of:
s41: setting photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle gammaiAnd the next step is carried out,
γicalculated by the following formula:
γi＝γi-1+Δγ
in the formula, i is the iteration number of the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, △ gamma is more than or equal to 0.1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees, and gamma is more than or equal to gamma0＝0；
S42: judgment of gammaiWhether the current candidate scheme is greater than 360 degrees or not is judged, and if yes, the current candidate scheme is the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme; if not, the next step is carried out;
s43, setting a mounting inclination angle α of the photovoltaic modulejAnd the next step is carried out,
αjcalculated by the following formula:
αj＝αj-1+Δα
wherein j is the same gammaiNumber of iterations of the installation tilt of the photovoltaic module, α0＝0；
S44 judgment αjIf the angle is larger than 90 degrees, returning to the step S41; if not, performing steps S2-S3 to obtain the annual radiation dose received by the corresponding photovoltaic system as the annual radiation dose temporary value RtempAnd go to the next step;
s45: judgment of RyearWhether or not greater than RtempIf so, then R isyearIs updated to RtempAfter updating and saving the corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme as a candidate scheme, returning to the step S43; if not, go directly back to step S43,
Ryearannual exposure, R, for optimal photovoltaic system receptionyearIs 0.
Because the installation azimuth angle and the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module are limited in range, the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme can be obtained by optimizing by adopting an enumeration method.
Further, in the photovoltaic array, at least two photovoltaic modules are arranged side by side to form a photovoltaic module group.
Further, step S5 is included after step S4, and step S5 is: and (4) aiming at the photovoltaic module groups with different numbers in parallel, respectively repeating the steps S2-S4 to obtain corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement schemes, and comparing and screening out the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme with the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a final scheme.
In actual engineering, the arrangement of the photovoltaic array needs to consider the parallel number of the assemblies besides the installation orientation and the inclination angle of the assemblies, and common parallel installation modes include a horizontal single row, a horizontal double row, a horizontal three row, a horizontal four row or a vertical single row and a vertical double row. When the photovoltaic array components are arranged side by side, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic array components is not changed, namely a plane is formed when the photovoltaic modules are arranged side by side, the length of the array along the installation orientation direction is changed, the front minimum installation distance and the rear minimum installation distance of the photovoltaic array need to be correspondingly adjusted, and the arrangement scheme and the system installation capacity of the photovoltaic array are further influenced. In the invention, the width of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic module group refers to the side length of the photovoltaic module along the direction of the positioning auxiliary line; the length of the photovoltaic module or the photovoltaic module group refers to the side length of the photovoltaic module perpendicular to the direction of the positioning auxiliary line.
In practice, there are situations where the side-by-side installation is more capable than the single-row installation. Therefore, the photovoltaic array layout scheme is more practical due to the fact that the photovoltaic array layout scheme is arranged side by side.
In addition, the invention also provides an automatic generation system of the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme, which comprises a parameter acquisition module, an arrangement scheme calculation generation module and an arrangement scheme display module,
the parameters comprise photovoltaic installation area parameters, regional environment parameters, photovoltaic module parameters and barrier parameters;
the arrangement scheme calculation and generation module is used for generating an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme according to the parameters, and the method for producing the arrangement scheme is the photovoltaic array arrangement method;
the arrangement scheme display module is used for outputting an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme.
In practice, a historical database of the regional environment parameters can be established, and the regional environment parameters can be called after the regional coordinates are determined. A design side only needs to input related parameters into the system, and the system can automatically output an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme. The output display content can include the total installation capacity of the photovoltaic array, the total number of photovoltaic modules, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules, the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules, the minimum spacing of the photovoltaic array, the coordinate position of each photovoltaic module, the 2D and 3D photovoltaic array arrangement layout and the like.
The technical scheme provided by the invention at least has the following advantages: 1. the photovoltaic array arrangement method provided by the invention can be simply realized through computer codes, and can automatically generate the optimal arrangement scheme of the photovoltaic array with the maximum generation capacity, so that the arrangement efficiency is improved; 2. the photovoltaic array arrangement method provided by the invention can be used for optimally designing the arrangement of the photovoltaic array in an irregular installation area (including a concave polygon); 3. the obstacle is equivalent to a three-dimensional figure comprising a plurality of vertical rectangular surfaces; based on Delaunay triangulation and convex hull algorithm, quickly and efficiently determining a barrier shadow shielding area, effectively considering the influence of the barriers and shadows inside and outside the installation area on the arrangement scheme, and avoiding the photovoltaic array being shielded by the barrier shadow; 4. the photovoltaic array arrangement method provided by the invention can realize automatic arrangement and can simultaneously consider the influence of the same barrier on different photovoltaic installation areas, so that the arrangement of the photovoltaic arrays in multiple installation areas (including planes and slopes) can be simultaneously optimized and designed; 5. the photovoltaic array arrangement method provided by the invention is also suitable for the situation of side-by-side installation, so that the finally obtained arrangement scheme is closer to the reality and the maximization of the installation capacity can be ensured. 6. The automatic generation system of the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme provided by the invention can automatically output the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme after relevant parameters are input.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the apparatus and method consistent with the invention and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the advantages and principles consistent with the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic array arrangement method according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent schematic view of an obstacle in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shaded area of a vertical rectangular surface in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shadow region of a rectangular surface in an unobstructed time interval of the whole year in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the shadow of the vertex of the rectangular surface in the non-occlusion time interval of the year in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for determining an obstacle shadow occlusion area in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of photovoltaic modules on a sloping surface (plane) in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic array with auxiliary positioning lines arranged in a positioning manner in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for arranging a photovoltaic array based on a positioning auxiliary line according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining an optimal PV array layout with maximum annual exposure dose as the target in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optimal photovoltaic array layout for a single row arrangement in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of a group of photovoltaic modules arranged side by side in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an optimal photovoltaic array layout arranged side by side in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method for arranging photovoltaic arrays along positioning auxiliary lines in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of the arrangement method in the concave polygonal photovoltaic installation area in embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a module of an automatic generation system of a photovoltaic array layout scheme in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other, and the technical idea of the present invention may be implemented in combination with other known techniques or other techniques identical to those known techniques.
Example 1
s1: determining a barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area, and taking an area outside the barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area as an actual installable area;
s2: arranging the photovoltaic arrays in an actual mountable area according to the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules and the minimum spacing of the photovoltaic arrays to obtain a corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme,
the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme includes the following information:
the photovoltaic module azimuth angle, the photovoltaic module inclination angle, the minimum photovoltaic array spacing, the number of photovoltaic module blocks in the photovoltaic system and the arrangement position of the photovoltaic module;
s3: calculating the annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system based on the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme;
s4: and repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme by taking the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a target to finish the photovoltaic array arrangement.
Example 2
s1: and determining a barrier shadow blocking area in the photovoltaic installation area, and taking an area except the barrier shadow blocking area in the photovoltaic installation area as an actual installable area.
The obstacles are of various types and different shapes, and in order to unify and simplify the obstacle model, all the obstacles are equivalent to a three-dimensional figure formed by a plurality of vertical rectangular surfaces, and the heights of the rectangular surfaces can be unequal, as shown in fig. 2. The annual shadow area and range of the barrier can be obtained by solving the annual shadow influence area and range of each rectangular surface and then combining all the shadow areas.
Taking the shadow calculation of one of the rectangular surfaces of the obstacle as an example, as shown in fig. 3. For convenient calculation, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established in the photovoltaic installation area, and the plane where the photovoltaic installation area is located is used as an x-y plane of the coordinate system. The parallelogram ABCD is one of the vertical rectangular surfaces of the barrier, DF and CE are the light incidence directions, the parallelogram ABEF is the shadow of the vertical rectangular surface, BE is one side of the shadow, BG is the distance of the vertical line of the shadow facing upwards on the vertical rectangular surface, and the shadow of the vertical rectangular surface, BE and BG length are changed along with the change of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle in the time of a day. The lengths of BE and BG are calculated as follows:
wherein h is the vertical rectangular face height, γ' is the rectangular face azimuth angle, βtIs the sun azimuth angle, θtIs the solar altitude. Solar altitude thetatAnd sun azimuth βtCan be calculated according to latitude, local time and the relation of the day and the ground (declination angle and hour angle).
Thus, the relative positions of the four end points of shaded region A, B, E, F can be determined, and when the coordinates of A and B are known, the coordinates of E and F can be determined. The shadow area obtained here is a shadow area at a certain time, and the shadow influence area and range of the rectangular surface throughout the year can be obtained by merging the shadow areas at all times throughout the year. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shadow region of an exemplary rectangular surface in a year-round non-occlusion time interval (9: 00-15: 00). In fig. 4, AB is a side of the rectangular surface, and the oblique solid line region is an obstacle shadow region when the data acquisition time step length is 1 h. The area enclosed by the dotted line is the actual obstacle shadow occlusion area.
The projection of the vertical rectangular surface on the horizontal plane is a parallelogram, and for each moment, the shadow of the rectangular surface can be accurately described by four vertexes of the parallelogram. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the shading of the vertices of an exemplary rectangular surface in the annual non-occlusion time interval (9: 00-15: 00). In fig. 5, AB is a line segment formed by the shadow of the vertex of the rectangular surface when the sampling time step is 1h, and AB is one of the rectangular surfaces. Extending the time range to the full-year unshaded occlusion period, m parallelograms and (2 m +2) vertex coordinates (where two fixed vertices A, B are the endpoints of the vertical rectangular surface and the size of m is related to the time step and the unshaded occlusion period length) can be calculated. The pattern defined by all the parallelograms (i.e., all the parallelogram vertices) is the annual shaded area of the rectangular surface. Therefore, if a minimum convex polygon including all the shaded parallelogram vertices is obtained, the convex polygon can be equivalent to the annual shaded area of the rectangular plane. Therefore, as shown in fig. 6, delaunay triangulation is adopted to obtain delaunay edges of the rectangular surface vertex projection point set to form a delaunay triangulation network, and then a convex hull algorithm is adopted to obtain a minimum convex polygon including the rectangular surface vertex projection point set, wherein the minimum convex polygon is an obstacle shadow blocking area. The area enclosed by the dotted line in fig. 5 is the obstacle shadow occlusion area obtained by delaunay triangulation and convex hull algorithm.
Therefore, the coordinate position of the obstacle shadow shielding area can be located in the coordinate system of the photovoltaic installation area, and the coordinate position of the actual installation area can be determined.
S2: in an actual mountable area, arranging photovoltaic arrays according to photovoltaic module azimuth angles, photovoltaic module inclination angles and photovoltaic array minimum intervals to obtain corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement schemes, wherein the photovoltaic array arrangement schemes comprise the following information: the photovoltaic module comprises photovoltaic module azimuth angles, photovoltaic module inclination angles, minimum photovoltaic array spacing, the number of photovoltaic module blocks in a photovoltaic system and the arrangement positions of the photovoltaic modules.
When photovoltaic array arrangement is carried out, in order to improve the power generation efficiency of the system, shadow shielding of the front and rear assemblies is avoided as much as possible. In the GB50797-2012 photovoltaic power station design specification, the shadows of the front and rear square matrixes which are fixedly arranged are not shielded by each other when the sun is 9: 00-15: 00 on the day of winter solstice, so that the minimum distance of the photovoltaic arrays can be calculated.
In order to more accurately reflect the shadow change conditions of the photovoltaic array and the obstacles and further accurately calculate the minimum pitch of the photovoltaic array, all mathematical models related to shadow calculation in the embodiment consider the 9: 00-15: 00 time interval of 365 days in the year.
In engineering practice, when the photovoltaic array is installed on a slope, the installation direction of the photovoltaic array is generally the same as the direction of the slope in consideration of factors such as wind resistance, snow resistance and the like, namely the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module is equal to the azimuth angle of the slope. Therefore, a schematic view of a photovoltaic module installed on a sloping surface and its shadow on the sloping surface is shown in fig. 7.
In fig. 7, a parallelogram OABC is a photovoltaic module, CJ and BJ are light incidence directions, a parallelogram FEGH is a shadow of the photovoltaic module on a slope, and AK is a perpendicular distance of the module shadow on a module installation direction, in a day, with a change of a solar altitude angle and an azimuth angle, the lengths of the photovoltaic module shadow and AK also change, and when a front-back installation distance of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to an AK maximum value, no shielding exists. Namely, the minimum distance between the photovoltaic arrays is the minimum distance when the adjacent photovoltaic arrays are shielded without shadows under illumination. Solving a graph according to the shadow of the slope photovoltaic module in the graph 7, and obtaining the minimum distance of the photovoltaic array by calculation:
in the formula, DminThe minimum spacing of the photovoltaic array is shown as l is the length of the assembly, α is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly, gamma is the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic assembly, phi is the slope gradient, βtIs the sun azimuth angle, θtIs the solar altitude. Solar altitude thetatAnd sun azimuth βtCan be calculated according to latitude, local time and the relation between the day and the ground (declination angle and hour angle), and is not described in detail herein. When the slope gradient phi is equal to 0, namely the photovoltaic arrays are distributed on the horizontal plane, the calculation formula of the minimum distance of the photovoltaic arrays is as follows:
in example 2, the photovoltaic module was positioned by means of a positioning aid. The positioning auxiliary line is overlapped with the bottom edge of the photovoltaic assembly, the direction of the positioning auxiliary line is perpendicular to the installation direction of the photovoltaic array, and the assembly on the photovoltaic array is installed along the positioning auxiliary line. Positioning is performed by means of a positioning auxiliary line, as shown in fig. 8, a dotted line in fig. 8 is the positioning auxiliary line, and a method flow is shown in fig. 9, and the method includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: in the coordinate system, determining coordinates of all end points according to the relative positions of the end points of the photovoltaic installation area and the end points of the barrier shadow shielding area;
the second step is that: generating a positioning auxiliary line which can translate in the two-dimensional coordinate system, and obtaining the slope k of the positioning auxiliary line in the coordinate system according to the fact that the positioning auxiliary line is perpendicular to the installation direction of the photovoltaic array on the premise that the array installation azimuth angle is known;
the third step: determining a linear equation with the gradient of k and passing through each end point of the mounting area and the abscissa of the intersection point of the linear equation and the x axis, and taking the minimum value xminAnd maximum value xmaxAs the range interval of the horizontal coordinate of the translation of the positioning auxiliary line;
the fourth step: translating the positioning auxiliary line passing through the minimum abscissa intersection point to the x-axis forward direction until the length of the intersection line segment of the positioning auxiliary line and the installation region is equal to the width of the photovoltaic module, taking the first intersection point as one of the end points of the module, and solving the rest three end points according to the position relation of the end points of the photovoltaic module to determine the position of the first photovoltaic module on the positioning auxiliary line and judge whether the module is completely in the actual installation region, if so, the positioning auxiliary line is the initial positioning auxiliary line, and then continuing the following steps; if not, continuing to translate the positioning auxiliary line until the initial positioning auxiliary line and the first photovoltaic module are determined;
the fifth step: positioning and arranging the rest photovoltaic modules along the direction of the positioning auxiliary line, and excluding the modules with end points outside the actual mountable area;
and a sixth step: and continuously translating the initial positioning auxiliary line by the distance of the minimum distance of the photovoltaic array along the perpendicular direction of the initial positioning auxiliary line, and obtaining one positioning auxiliary line by translating the minimum distance of the photovoltaic array every time, so as to arrange the photovoltaic array once, namely arranging one end point of the photovoltaic assembly at the first intersection point of the positioning auxiliary line and the photovoltaic installation area, and arranging the other end points of the photovoltaic assembly on the positioning auxiliary line or on one side of the translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line, after finishing the first photovoltaic assembly, sequentially arranging the rest photovoltaic assemblies in the row along the positioning auxiliary line by taking the first photovoltaic assembly as the reference, and excluding the photovoltaic assemblies with the end points outside the actual installation area. And finishing the whole arrangement until the positioning auxiliary line moves out of the photovoltaic installation area.
In the above steps, it is necessary to exclude the photovoltaic module having the end point outside the actual mountable area. In example 2, the determination is made by ray method, i.e., a ray is made from the measured end point in an arbitrary direction (usually, for the sake of good calculation, the ray is directed to the right side), and the intersection point of the ray and the polygon is determined. If the number of the intersection points is odd, the measured end point is in the polygon; if the number of intersections is even, the end point to be measured is outside the polygon. The method is applicable to both convex and concave polygons. Therefore, whether the four end points of the photovoltaic module are all in the photovoltaic installation area is judged by using a ray method, if yes, whether the four end points of the photovoltaic module are all outside the barrier shadow shielding area is judged by using the ray method, and if yes, the photovoltaic module completely falls in the actual installation area.
S3: and calculating the annual irradiation quantity received by the photovoltaic system based on the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme.
Due to the fact that installation areas are various in shape and the photovoltaic array installation conditions are different, and the limiting conditions such as barriers and shadow-free shielding need to be considered, the installation capacity and the annual energy production of a photovoltaic system and the installation inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array are in a complex nonlinear relation and are difficult to describe by one or more simple mathematical expressions, and therefore a mathematical model needs to be established and programmed by means of a computer to achieve optimal arrangement of the photovoltaic array.
The annual exposure dose received by the photovoltaic system meets the following formula model:
in the formula, R is annual irradiation quantity received by a photovoltaic system, N is the number of photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system, f is single-day irradiation quantity received by a single photovoltaic module, α is a photovoltaic module installation inclination angle, gamma is a photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle, L is latitude of a photovoltaic installation area, lambda is a solar angle of the photovoltaic installation area, and I is horizontal plane irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic installation area, wherein the single-day irradiation quantity received by the single photovoltaic module is obtained by adding irradiation quantities at all times through time-by-time calculation.
Specifically, after the latitude position of the photovoltaic installation area is determined, historical data of the illumination intensity of the area is determined by inquiring from the historical data. The solar angle can be directly calculated according to the latitude position, and comprises a solar declination angle, a solar azimuth angle, a solar altitude angle and the like. When the irradiation intensity received by the photovoltaic module is calculated, the horizontal plane irradiation is subjected to direct scattering separation and divided into direct irradiation and scattering irradiation. The total radiation received by the photovoltaic module is the sum of direct radiation, scattered radiation and reflected radiation.
S4: and repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme by taking the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a target to finish the photovoltaic array arrangement. As shown in fig. 10, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s41: setting photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle gammaiAnd the next step is carried out,
γicalculated by the following formula:
γi＝γi-1+Δγ (6)
in the formula, i is the iteration number of the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, △ gamma is more than or equal to 0.1 degree and less than or equal to 10 degrees, and gamma is more than or equal to gamma0＝0；
S42: judgment of gammaiWhether the current candidate scheme is greater than 360 degrees or not is judged, and if yes, the current candidate scheme is the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme; if not, the next step is carried out;
s43, setting a mounting inclination angle α of the photovoltaic modulejAnd the next step is carried out,
αjcalculated by the following formula:
αj＝αj-1+Δα (7)
wherein j is the same gammaiNumber of iterations of the installation tilt of the photovoltaic module, α0＝0；
S44 judgment αjIf the angle is larger than 90 degrees, returning to the step S41; if not, performing steps S2-S3 to obtain the annual radiation dose received by the corresponding photovoltaic system as the annual radiation dose temporary value RtempAnd go to the next step;
s45: judgment of RyearWhether or not greater than RtempIf so, then R isyearIs updated to RtempAfter updating and saving the corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme as a candidate scheme, returning to the step S43; if not, go directly back to step S43,
Ryearannual exposure, R, for optimal photovoltaic system receptionyearIs 0.
Taking a certain brand of polycrystalline photovoltaic module commonly found in the market as an example, the detailed parameters are as follows: the rated power under standard test conditions was 270W, the module efficiency was 16.5%, the module size was 1.650m by 0.992m, and 2016 annual irradiation data from shanghai city (121.28 longitude, 31.13 latitude) were taken.
When the photovoltaic arrays are arranged by adopting the single-row photovoltaic modules, the optimal arrangement scheme of the photovoltaic arrays is shown in fig. 11. In the figure, the length unit is 1m, parapet walls are surrounded at the boundary of the photovoltaic installation area, the height is 1m, the small triangle and the small square are respectively top views of the triangular prism and the quadrangular prism barriers, and the heights are 2 m.
Based on the delaunay triangulation and the shadow algorithm of the convex hull, the annual shadow areas of the parapet and the barrier are generated, as shown by the oblique solid lines in fig. 11. According to the steps, the slope of the positioning auxiliary line is finally determined to be 0, and the range interval of the movement is [0,50m ] along the positive direction of the y axis]. The photovoltaic array is installed towards south (namely the azimuth angle is 0 degree), the assembly installation inclination angle is 21 degrees, the minimum spacing of the photovoltaic array is 1.55m, 988 photovoltaic assemblies can be installed in the photovoltaic installation area, and the annual irradiation quantity received by the photovoltaic system is 2.458 multiplied by 106kWh。
Example 3
Further, the steps S2-S4 are carried out on the photovoltaic module groups with different numbers side by side, corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement schemes are respectively obtained, and the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme with the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system is compared and screened out to be the final scheme.
Based on the parameters of the photovoltaic installation region and the parameters of the photovoltaic modules provided in embodiment 2, optimal photovoltaic array arrangement schemes when the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules in parallel is 1, 2, 3, and 4 are respectively obtained, the number of the corresponding photovoltaic modules is 988, 1050, 1051, and 1049, and the annual exposure dose received by the corresponding photovoltaic system is 2.458 × 106kWh、2.612× 106kWh、2.615×106kWh、2.610×106kWh. It can be seen that in example 3, the maximum annual exposure received by the photovoltaic system can be obtained by arranging 3 photovoltaic modules side by side, and the arrangement result is shown in fig. 13.
Example 4
Compared with other embodiments, the steps of positioning by the positioning auxiliary line are different, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining coordinates of all end points according to relative positions of the end points of the photovoltaic installation area and the end points of the barrier shadow shielding area in a coordinate system where the photovoltaic installation area is located;
the second step is that: generating a positioning auxiliary line which can translate in the two-dimensional coordinate system, and obtaining the slope k of the positioning auxiliary line in the coordinate system according to the fact that the positioning auxiliary line is perpendicular to the installation direction of the photovoltaic array on the premise that the array installation azimuth angle is known;
the third step: determining a linear equation with the slope of k and passing through each end point of the installation area and the intersection abscissa of the linear equation and the x axis, and taking the minimum value and the maximum value as the horizontal coordinate range interval of the translation of the positioning auxiliary line;
the fourth step: as shown in fig. 14, the positioning auxiliary line passing through the minimum abscissa intersection point is translated forward along the x-axis, and after all intersection points of the positioning auxiliary line and the boundary of the installation region are obtained, the adjacent intersection points form line segments, such as line segments AB, BC and CD in fig. 15, and the line segment whose midpoint is located in the installation region and whose length is greater than or equal to the width of the photovoltaic module is taken as the line segment to be arranged (if no intersection point line segment satisfies the length condition, the positioning auxiliary line is translated continuously), such as line segment AB in fig. 15. For all the wiring sections to be arranged, one end point of each wiring section is used as one of the end points of the assembly, and the other three end points can be obtained according to the position relation of the end points of the photovoltaic assemblies so as to determine the position of the first photovoltaic assembly on the wiring sections to be arranged, judge whether the assembly is completely in the installation area and is not in the shadow area, if so, the positioning auxiliary line is the initial positioning auxiliary line, and then follow-up steps can be continued; if not, translating the position of the component along the direction of the positioning auxiliary line and judging whether the component is in the actual mountable area, if so, taking the positioning auxiliary line as an initial positioning auxiliary line, and if not, continuing to translate the positioning auxiliary line until the initial positioning auxiliary line and the first photovoltaic component are determined;
the fifth step: positioning and arranging the rest photovoltaic modules on the line segments to be arranged along the positioning auxiliary line direction, and excluding the modules with end points outside the actual mountable area;
and a sixth step: and continuously translating the initial positioning auxiliary line by the distance of the minimum distance of the photovoltaic array along the perpendicular direction of the initial positioning auxiliary line, and obtaining one positioning auxiliary line by translating the minimum distance of the photovoltaic array every time, so as to arrange the photovoltaic array once, namely arranging one end point of the photovoltaic assembly at the first intersection point of the positioning auxiliary line and the photovoltaic installation area, and arranging the other end points of the photovoltaic assembly on the positioning auxiliary line or on one side of the translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line, after finishing the first photovoltaic assembly, sequentially arranging the rest photovoltaic assemblies in the row along the positioning auxiliary line by taking the first photovoltaic assembly as the reference, and excluding the photovoltaic assemblies with the end points outside the actual installation area. And finishing the whole arrangement until the positioning auxiliary line moves out of the photovoltaic installation area.
Example 5
The parameter acquisition module is used for inputting necessary parameters for photovoltaic array arrangement, and a user can input the parameters according to own requirements. These parameters include:
(1) photovoltaic installation area parameters
And on the premise of establishing a coordinate system in the actual photovoltaic installation area, the coordinate system is used for inputting the coordinates of each endpoint of the photovoltaic installation area, the gradient of the photovoltaic installation area and the slope orientation of the photovoltaic installation area.
(2) Regional environmental parameters
The system is used for inputting longitude and latitude data including the position of the photovoltaic installation area, and corresponding solar angle and illumination historical data and the like can be obtained by the system according to the longitude and latitude data so as to be used for calculating the subsequent arrangement scheme calculation generation module.
(3) Photovoltaic module parameters
The inputs include the size of the photovoltaic module, power rating, module efficiency, side-by-side (lateral or vertical), side-by-side number, etc.
(4) Obstacle parameter
The method is used for inputting the coordinates of each endpoint of the polygon on the bottom surface of the obstacle and the height of the side rectangle corresponding to each bottom surface to obtain an equivalent three-dimensional graph.
The arrangement scheme calculation and generation module is used for generating an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme according to the parameters, and the method for producing the arrangement scheme is the photovoltaic array arrangement method in the embodiment;
the arrangement scheme display module is used for outputting the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme, and the output display content comprises the total photovoltaic array installation capacity, the total photovoltaic module number, the photovoltaic module installation inclination angle, the photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle, the minimum photovoltaic array spacing, the coordinate position of each photovoltaic module, the 2D and 3D photovoltaic array arrangement scheme and the like.
The terms "first" and "second" as used herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another, unless otherwise specified. Similarly, modifiers similar to "about", "approximately" or "approximately" that occur before a numerical term herein typically include the same number, and their specific meaning should be read in conjunction with the context. Similarly, unless a specific number of a claim recitation is intended to cover both the singular and the plural, and also that claim may include both the singular and the plural.
In the description of the specific embodiments above, the use of the directional terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "vertical", "transverse", and "lateral", etc., are for convenience of description only and should not be considered limiting.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A photovoltaic array arrangement method is disclosed, wherein a photovoltaic array comprises at least one photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic modules are arranged according to a photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle and a photovoltaic module installation inclination angle, and the adjacent photovoltaic arrays are arranged in parallel at a photovoltaic array minimum interval, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: determining a barrier shadow shielding area in a photovoltaic installation area, and taking an area except the barrier shadow shielding area in the photovoltaic installation area as an actual installable area;
s2: arranging the photovoltaic arrays in the actual mountable area according to the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic modules and the minimum interval of the photovoltaic arrays to obtain a corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme,
the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme includes the following information:
the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, the minimum spacing of a photovoltaic array, the number of photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic system and the arrangement positions of the photovoltaic modules;
s3: calculating the annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system based on the photovoltaic array arrangement scheme;
s4: and repeating the steps S2-S3, and obtaining an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme by taking the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a target to finish the photovoltaic array arrangement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the minimum pitch of the photovoltaic array satisfies the following equation model:
in the formula, DminThe minimum distance of the photovoltaic array is l, the length of the photovoltaic module is α, the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module is gamma, the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module is gamma, phi is the slope gradient of the photovoltaic installation area is βtIs the sun azimuth angle, θtIs the solar altitude.
3. The method for arranging a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of determining the area blocked by the obstacle shadow comprises the steps of:
s11: the method comprises the steps of (1) enabling an obstacle to be equivalent to a three-dimensional graph comprising a plurality of vertical rectangular surfaces;
s12: all year round projections of a plurality of the rectangular surfaces are obtained and are merged to determine the obstacle shadow occlusion area.
4. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 3, wherein the step S12 comprises the steps of:
s121: acquiring annual projections of vertexes of the rectangular surfaces according to a fixed time step length, and acquiring a union set to acquire a rectangular surface vertex projection point set;
s122: solving Delaunay inner edges of the vertex projection point set of the rectangular surface through Delaunay triangulation to form a Delaunay triangulation network;
s123: and solving a minimum polygon including the vertex projection point set of the rectangular surface through a convex hull algorithm, wherein the minimum polygon is the barrier shadow shielding area.
5. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system in the photovoltaic installation area, and generating positioning auxiliary lines, wherein the positioning auxiliary lines are perpendicular to the photovoltaic display installation direction, the positioning auxiliary lines can translate in the two-dimensional coordinate system, and each row of photovoltaic arrays are arranged along the positioning auxiliary lines;
s22, translating the positioning auxiliary line from the first end point to the second end point of the photovoltaic installation area, arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the positioning auxiliary line, taking the position of the positioning auxiliary line at the moment as the initial position of the positioning auxiliary line when at least one photovoltaic module can be arranged in the actual installation area for the first time,
the first end point and the second end point are respectively two end points of a maximum translation interval of the positioning auxiliary line in the photovoltaic installation area;
s23: and translating the positioning auxiliary line from the initial position to the second end point, and arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays in the actual mountable area along the positioning auxiliary line after translating for each minimum distance of the photovoltaic arrays until the positioning auxiliary line moves out of the photovoltaic mounting area.
6. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 5, wherein arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the positioning auxiliary line in the step S22 includes the steps of:
s221: obtaining intersection points of the positioning auxiliary lines and the boundaries of the photovoltaic installation areas and line segments formed by adjacent intersection points;
s222: screening out line segments which are positioned in the photovoltaic installation area and have the length equal to or larger than the width of the photovoltaic module as line segments to be distributed;
s223: and arranging the row of photovoltaic arrays along the line segment to be arranged.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S222, a line segment having a length equal to or greater than the width of the photovoltaic module and having a midpoint located in the photovoltaic installation area is used as the line segment to be arranged.
8. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein when arranging the photovoltaic array along the positioning auxiliary line, one end point of the photovoltaic module is placed at a first intersection point of the positioning auxiliary line and the photovoltaic installation region, and the other end points of the photovoltaic module fall on the positioning auxiliary line or on one side of a translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line, and after completing a first photovoltaic module, the remaining photovoltaic modules in the row are arranged in sequence along the positioning auxiliary line with reference to the first photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic modules having end points outside the actual installation region are excluded;
or when the photovoltaic arrays are arranged along the line segment to be arranged, one end point of the photovoltaic module is arranged at the first intersection point of the line segment to be arranged and the photovoltaic installation region, and other end points of the photovoltaic module fall on the positioning auxiliary line or one side of the translation direction of the positioning auxiliary line, after the first photovoltaic module is completed, the other photovoltaic modules in the row are sequentially arranged along the line segment to be arranged by taking the first photovoltaic module as a reference, and the photovoltaic modules with the end points outside the actual installation region are excluded.
9. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the annual exposure dose received by the photovoltaic system satisfies the following formula model:
wherein R is the annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system, N is the number of photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system, f is the single daily irradiation amount received by a single photovoltaic module, α is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, gamma is the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, L is the latitude of the photovoltaic installation area, lambda is the solar angle of the photovoltaic installation area, and I is the horizontal plane irradiation intensity of the photovoltaic installation area;
the single-day irradiation received by the single photovoltaic module is obtained by calculating the irradiation at each moment time by time and then adding the calculated irradiation.
10. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes the steps of:
s41: setting the photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle gammaiAnd the next step is carried out,
the gamma isiCalculated by the following formula:
γi＝γi-1+Δγ
wherein i is the iteration number of the installation azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module, △ gamma is more than or equal to 0.1 DEG and less than or equal to 10 DEG, and gamma is more than or equal to0＝0；
S42: judgment of gammaiWhether the current photovoltaic array configuration scheme is larger than 360 degrees or not is judged, and if yes, the current candidate scheme is the optimal photovoltaic array configuration scheme; if not, the next step is carried out;
s43, setting the installation inclination angle α of the photovoltaic modulejAnd the next step is carried out,
the αjCalculated by the following formula:
αj＝αj-1+Δα
wherein j is the same as γiNumber of iterations of the installation inclination of the photovoltaic module, α0＝0；
S44 judgment αjIf yes, returning to the step S41; if not, the steps S2-S3 are carried out to obtain the corresponding annual radiation dose received by the photovoltaic system as the temporary annual radiation dose value RtempAnd go to the next step;
s45: judgment of RyearWhether or not greater than RtempIf yes, then the R is addedyearIs updated to the RtempAfter updating and saving the corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement scheme as the candidate scheme, returning to the step S43; if not, go directly back to the step S43,
the R isyearThe annual exposure received for the optimal photovoltaic system, RyearIs 0.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1-7,9 and 10 wherein at least two of said photovoltaic modules in said array are arranged side-by-side to form a photovoltaic module group.
12. The photovoltaic array arrangement method according to claim 11, further comprising a step S5 after the step S4, wherein the step S5 is: and aiming at the photovoltaic module groups with different numbers in parallel, respectively repeating the steps S2-S4 to obtain the corresponding photovoltaic array arrangement schemes, and comparing and screening the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme with the maximum annual irradiation amount received by the photovoltaic system as a final scheme.
13. An automatic photovoltaic array arrangement scheme generation system using the photovoltaic array arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a parameter acquisition module, an arrangement scheme calculation generation module, and an arrangement scheme display module,
the parameters comprise photovoltaic installation area parameters, regional environment parameters, photovoltaic module parameters and barrier parameters;
the arrangement scheme calculation and generation module is used for generating an optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme according to the parameters;
the arrangement scheme display module is used for outputting the optimal photovoltaic array arrangement scheme.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN112214858A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-01-12 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Automatic CAD (auto computer aided design) -based automatic arrangement method for photovoltaic panels in irregular field |
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