CN110849756B - High/low temperature integrated test device with controllable environmental temperature - Google Patents
High/low temperature integrated test device with controllable environmental temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN110849756B CN110849756B CN201911125526.1A CN201911125526A CN110849756B CN 110849756 B CN110849756 B CN 110849756B CN 201911125526 A CN201911125526 A CN 201911125526A CN 110849756 B CN110849756 B CN 110849756B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high/low temperature integrated environment temperature controllable test device, and relates to the technical field of temperature measurement and control. The device comprises a base, a guide rail support, a lower cavity, a linear bearing, a tested piece, an upper cavity and a cylindrical guide rail; the upper cavity and the lower cavity are of an upper and lower symmetrical structure and are used for creating a high/low temperature environment; the cavity assembly respectively comprises: the device comprises an outer shell, a cavity seat, a cold medium guide seat, a red copper heat adding/radiating seat with fins, an electric heating rod, a cold medium access port, a cold medium discharge port, a heat insulation cotton layer and a heat preservation cotton layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a high/low temperature controllable integrated wheel rail rolling wear environment temperature test device, relates to the technical field of temperature measurement and control, and particularly relates to a test device with constant temperature accurate control.
Background
The wheel-rail relationship is used as a key component of a train running part and plays an important role in the safe and reliable operation of the train. Ambient temperature has a significant effect on wheel rail damage. Taking Qinghai-Tibet railway and southern Xinjiang railway as examples, the wheel rail is usually used under special environmental conditions of extremely cold low temperature (the lowest temperature can reach minus 45 ℃) or dry high heat (the highest temperature of the rail surface of the southern Xinjiang railway can reach 60 ℃), and the like. Under special environmental conditions, physical parameters such as elastic modulus, tensile strength and yield strength of the wheel rail material are correspondingly changed (such as cold brittleness phenomenon possibly occurring under certain low temperature conditions), so that the damage of the wheel rail is different from the normal-temperature service working condition, and certain potential safety hazards are brought to railway safety. Therefore, based on the requirement of the wheel rail for service test in high and low temperature environments, the test simulation of rolling contact wear and fatigue of the wheel rail material under the special temperature environment condition is developed for researching the influence of the special temperature on the wheel rail damage, and the method has important scientific significance for researching the wheel rail relation under the special working condition and provides theoretical basis for researching the service characteristics of the wheel rail material or optimizing matching.
However, at present, no relevant equipment such as a standard high/low temperature environment test and the like which is specially used for the rolling contact wear and fatigue simulation of the wheel and the rail is available. On the other hand, the existing similar equipment cannot realize accurate measurement due to certain limitations, for example, the invention patent CN 104634685B discloses a wheel-rail abrasion test device for simulating a high-cold wind-sand environment, which uses a two-stage dual-refrigeration compressor to realize low-temperature refrigeration, but the equipment has a controllable temperature precision of only ± 2.5 ℃, and the secondary start of the compressor needs a protection time of 3 minutes after stopping working, which brings about great fluctuation of the temperature in the cavity of the device, and has great influence on the test result.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention can not only provide a constant and accurate single low-temperature or single high-temperature test environment for the tested piece, but also realize the complex environment simulation of high/low-temperature alternating circulation. The invention realizes accurate temperature control by auxiliary heating in a low-temperature test environment, has a wider temperature control range (the controllable low-temperature environment can reach-120 ℃ and the high-temperature environment can reach 400 ℃), has the temperature control precision of +/-0.1 ℃, and has higher test precision, stability and reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device capable of being used for simulating a low-temperature/high-temperature environment on a wheel-rail rolling friction test machine, which can be used for creating a special temperature environment (low temperature/high temperature) when a laboratory simulates the action of a wheel rail, can be used for simulating the service condition of a field wheel rail under the special environment and revealing the wheel-rail damage characteristic under the special temperature environment, and simultaneously solves the related problems that the temperature control precision of the conventional temperature control test device for the wheel-rail friction test is not high, the high/low temperature environment is singly controlled, the simulation of a high-low temperature alternate complex special temperature environment cannot be realized, and the like.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an integrated high/low temperature controllable environmental temperature control test device which can be used for a wheel rail test, and adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a high/low temperature integral type ambient temperature control test device which characterized in that: the testing device comprises a base, a guide rail support, a lower cavity, a linear bearing, a tested piece, an upper cavity, a cylindrical guide rail and the like; the upper cavity and the lower cavity are of an upper and lower symmetrical structure, and the positions of the cavities can be adjusted and jointed through the linear bearing and the cylindrical guide rail according to the requirements of an actual wheel rail rolling abrasion test bed, so that a closed high/low temperature environment cavity is formed, and a specific temperature environment is created for a wheel rail test; all place thermal-insulated cotton layer and heat preservation cotton layer in the shell, be used for keeping apart the inside cold medium matter water conservancy diversion seat of corresponding cavity respectively to realize isolated outside temperature influence and stabilize the effect of inside temperature variation. The red copper heat adding/radiating seat in the cavity is provided with a fin structure, and U-shaped grooves with corresponding volumes are machined in the red copper heat adding/radiating seat, so that rolling friction and abrasion of the wheel rail sample to be tested in the cavity are not affected. Wherein, the concrete sizes of the sample to be measured are 40mm of outer diameter, 16mm of inner diameter and 10mm of thickness. Meanwhile, the contact area of the fin structure of the red copper seat and the micro-pits is enlarged, so that the full conduction of heat is facilitated, and the heating/radiating rate is improved. The refrigerant respectively enters the refrigerant access ports through the refrigerant inlet joints, flows through the refrigerant guide seat, and the inner sides of the refrigerant guide seat are respectively communicated with the U-shaped grooves, so that the construction of a low-temperature environment is realized; and then discharged from the refrigerant discharge joint through the refrigerant discharge port, thereby realizing low-temperature circulation.
The working process and principle of the invention comprise:
when a test is specifically carried out, a wheel rail sample to be tested is fixedly arranged on a corresponding shaft on a wheel rail rolling friction test bed through a nut;
the upper cavity and the lower cavity can slide up and down along the cylindrical guide rail through the linear bearing, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are ensured to be contacted before the test is started, and the contact surface is coplanar with the horizontal plane of the wheel rail sample to be tested;
when the wheel-rail rolling wear test is carried out in a low-temperature environment, a refrigerant medium is firstly introduced into the refrigerant joint, flows through the refrigerant medium guide seat, is finally discharged by the refrigerant discharge joint, and is circulated and refrigerated from-120 ℃ to room temperature through the multistage refrigeration compressor, so that the low-temperature environment is created. Meanwhile, a red copper seat and an electric heating rod are arranged in the cold medium diversion seat, the digital display regulator is used for controlling the electric heating rod to work, and the heat dissipation area is increased through a fin structure of the red copper seat so as to improve the heating and cooling rates, so that the aim of accurately controlling the temperature is fulfilled;
when a wheel rail rolling abrasion test is carried out in a high-temperature environment, the heating of the electric heating rod can be directly controlled by the digital display regulator, the heat dissipation rate is increased by utilizing the red copper seat, and a controllable high-temperature environment is created;
after the internal temperature of the cavity reaches a specified preset temperature value, starting a wheel-rail rolling friction test bed, setting corresponding parameters, and performing a wheel-rail rolling simulation test;
after the test is finished, the tested sample is sealed and stored after being cleaned, and related data is sorted and stored.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device not only can provide a single low-temperature or single-heating test environment for a tested piece, but also can realize high/low-temperature cyclic heating, and realize accurate temperature control through auxiliary heating under the low-temperature test environment, thereby providing accurate and reliable test basis for wheel rail rolling wear in high-cold and high-temperature service environments.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional profile of the device of the present invention. The figure includes: the test device comprises a base 1, guide rail supports 2(a-b), lower cavities 3(a-j), linear bearings 4(a-d), a tested piece 5(a-c), upper cavities 6(a-j) and cylindrical guide rails 7 (a-b).
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the lower chamber 3 (a-j).
Fig. 3 shows a cold medium guide seat 3c in the lower cavity 3.
Fig. 4 shows the finned red copper holders 6d and 3d in the upper chamber 6 and the lower chamber 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The integrated high/low temperature controllable environment temperature control test device comprises a base 1, guide rail supports 2(a-b), lower cavities 3(a-j), linear bearings 4(a-d), tested pieces 5(a-c), upper cavities 6(a-j), cylindrical guide rails 7(a-b) and other main components; the lower cavity 3(a-j) and the upper cavity 6(a-j) respectively comprise cavity seats 3a and 6a, outer shells 3b and 6b, cooling medium guide seats 3c and 6c, red copper seats 3d and 6d, heat insulation cotton layers 3e and 6e, heat insulation cotton layers 3f and 6f, refrigerant inlet joints 3g and 6g, refrigerant discharge joints 3h and 6h, electric heating rods 3j and 6j and the like.
Firstly, wheel rail samples 5a and 5b to be measured are installed on corresponding fixed shafts 5c, linear bearings 4(c-d) and 4(a-b) and cylindrical guide rails 7(a-b) are respectively operated, so that an upper cavity 6 and a lower cavity 3 which are in an up-down symmetrical structure are mutually jointed, and the interiors of the cavities are isolated by heat insulation cotton layers 3e and 6e and heat insulation cotton layers 3f and 6f, so that the purposes of heat insulation and heat preservation are achieved, and a temperature environment which is not influenced by the outside is convenient to build.
Refrigerant media enter through the refrigerant inlet connectors 3g and 6g respectively, flow through the refrigerant media guide seats 3c and 6c, are discharged through the refrigerant discharge connectors 3h and 6h, and circulation of the refrigerant media is achieved through the multi-stage refrigeration compressor. The temperature sensor arranged in the cavity and the external digital display regulator are used for controlling the heating and temperature monitoring of the electric heating rods 3j and 6j in the refrigerant medium guide seats 3c and 6c, so that the purposes of temperature rise and accurate temperature control are achieved.
The multi-stage refrigeration compressor can improve the refrigeration rate through multi-stage refrigeration, and can realize high precision of building a low-temperature environment by combining with heating auxiliary temperature control, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and the reliability of test results.
Compared with other prior inventions, the invention has the advantages that:
the controllable ambient temperature test device of integral type high/low temperature can regard as auxiliary fitting, can design this test device's structure according to the sample size that awaits measuring on the concrete wheel rail friction test machine, be convenient for popularize. Compared with the prior test device which can only simulate a single temperature environment, the test device can accurately simulate two different temperature environments of low temperature and high temperature, and can also realize high/low temperature alternate circulation to simulate a complex environment with temperature change through the setting of a digital display regulator. Meanwhile, the test device realizes accurate and controllable low temperature through the technology of auxiliary heating for the refrigerant medium, the temperature control precision can reach +/-0.1 ℃, and the test data is more accurate and reliable. The test device can accurately simulate extreme low-temperature/high-temperature environments, and the influence of temperature on the relationship between the wheel and the rail can be researched through a wheel-rail rolling contact friction test in different temperature environments; or the related research on the influence of other factors such as materials, rotating speed, load, running time, slip and the like on the wheel-rail relationship under a certain temperature condition is developed, reliable reference data is provided for researching the wear mechanism of the existing railway service wheel-rail, and a scheme is provided for further optimizing the railway wheel-rail relationship.
The basic principles and the main features of the invention and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above, it being obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A high/low temperature integrated test device with controllable environmental temperature is characterized by comprising a base, a guide rail support, a lower cavity, a linear bearing, a tested piece, an upper cavity and a cylindrical guide rail; the cylindrical guide rails are connected with the base through the guide rail supports respectively; the upper cavity and the lower cavity are of a vertically symmetrical structure and are used for creating a high/low temperature environment; the two ends of the lower cavity and the upper cavity are respectively connected with the cylindrical guide rail through two linear bearings, and the tested piece is positioned between the upper cavity and the lower cavity; the upper cavity and the lower cavity respectively comprise an outer shell, a cavity seat, a cold medium guide seat, a red copper seat, an electric heating rod, a refrigerant inlet joint, a refrigerant discharge joint, a heat insulation cotton layer and a heat preservation cotton layer; the outer shells are respectively arranged on the cavity seats; the cold medium diversion seat is arranged in the outer shell and is isolated by the heat insulation cotton layer and the heat preservation cotton layer, so that the heat insulation effect is realized; the red copper seat is arranged in the cold medium diversion seat; the refrigerant medium guide seat is respectively connected with the refrigerant inlet joint and the refrigerant discharge joint; the high/low temperature integrated environment temperature controllable test device provides a single low temperature or single high temperature test environment for a tested piece or realizes high/low temperature cyclic heating; the temperature control range of the test device is that the low temperature environment can reach-120 ℃, and the high temperature environment can reach 400 ℃; the temperature control precision of the test device reaches +/-0.1 ℃.
2. The integrated high/low temperature environment temperature controllable test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling medium guide seat is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the bottom of the groove is provided with a micro-pit to enlarge the contact area for sufficient heat conduction; the refrigerant medium guide seat is respectively provided with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet, the inner side of the refrigerant medium guide seat is respectively communicated with the U-shaped groove, and the outer side of the refrigerant medium guide seat is respectively connected with the refrigerant inlet joint and the refrigerant outlet joint.
3. The integrated high/low temperature environment temperature controllable test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one side of the red copper base has a fin structure, and the other side of the red copper base has micro-pits, so as to enlarge the contact area and facilitate sufficient heat conduction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911125526.1A CN110849756B (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2019-11-18 | High/low temperature integrated test device with controllable environmental temperature |
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| CN201911125526.1A CN110849756B (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2019-11-18 | High/low temperature integrated test device with controllable environmental temperature |
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| CN110849756A CN110849756A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
| CN110849756B true CN110849756B (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5245855A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-09-21 | Rittenhouse-Zemen & Associates, Inc. | Rail seat abrasion measurement |
| CN203069366U (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-07-17 | 西南交通大学 | High and low temperature fatigue test bench for railway-vehicle wheel shaft |
| CN104634685B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | High-cold wind-sand environment wheel rail abrasion simulation experimental device |
| CN106501103A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of decay test device and method |
| CN107084890B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-04-10 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | High-low temperature test method and device for anti-side rolling torsion bar of rail transit vehicle |
| CN109490064B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-03-27 | 北京交通大学 | Annular rail wheel rail stress and base disease test device with multi-physical factor effect |
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