CN110849580A - Laminated beam door water intake monitoring method based on far dam region vertical temperature chain - Google Patents
Laminated beam door water intake monitoring method based on far dam region vertical temperature chain Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/22—Stop log dams; Emergency gates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
- G01K3/08—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving differences of values; giving differentiated values
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laminated water intake monitoring method for a stoplog gate based on a far dam region vertical temperature chain, which is characterized in that a far dam region vertical temperature chain is adopted to obtain a dam front vertical temperature structure, a cloud chart of water temperature and water temperature gradient along with elevation and time is obtained, information such as a lower discharge water temperature equivalent elevation of a stoplog gate unit or a stoplog gate top elevation is synchronously added, and the relation between the reservoir dam front temperature structure and the lower discharge water temperature of a hydropower station under a stoplog gate laminated water intake measure or a stoplog gate laminated water intake measure can be visually identified, so that the expansion space of the laminated water intake effect of the stoplog gate under the condition of the stoplog gate or no stoplog gate can be visually identified, and the dispatching operation of the stoplog gate can be guided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, relates to a layered water taking technology for influencing ecological environment in the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a laminated water taking monitoring method for a stop log gate based on a far dam region vertical temperature chain.
Background
In recent years, China plans and builds a large number of large and medium hydropower stations, and large high dam reservoirs have great regulating effect on water flow and heat, so that the vertical water temperature of reservoir areas is layered, the phase delay phenomenon occurs in the process of discharging water temperature compared with the natural water temperature of the original dam site, low-temperature water influence is generated in spring and summer, and obvious influence is brought to the processes of breeding, growth and the like of fishes in a downstream river channel.
Stratified water taking is a main effective measure for slowing down the influence of low-temperature water discharged from a reservoir or a power station. The layered water taking measures under the condition of large flow mainly comprise a multilayer water taking port, a stop log door, a curtain and the like. The laminated water intake of the stop log door can adapt to the water level change of various reservoirs, can continuously obtain surface warm water, and is widely applied in China. Hydropower stations such as beach pits, illumination, glutinous ferry, brook ferry, silk screen first-level and the like in China all adopt a laminated water taking measure of a stoplog door, and are built and put into operation one after another.
According to the operation scheduling and management experience of the existing hydropower stations, the scheduling of the existing stop log gate is mainly carried out in a fish sensitive period under the condition of reservoir water level, and is not strictly executed according to the stop log gate scheduling regulation due to the reasons of long operation time, high difficulty in moving water lifting and releasing, conflict in water regulation and electric regulation and the like. Meanwhile, due to the influence of complex reservoir hydrological conditions, hydrodynamics, environmental climate background and power station scheduling, the layering time, position and intensity of the reservoir water temperature are changed differently, and a synchronous water temperature monitoring method is lacked, so that effective monitoring and effect evaluation of the water temperature are difficult to realize. How to achieve the effective operation of the stop log door is always a difficult problem of a power plant.
Therefore, the layered water taking monitoring is a key technical problem in the layered water taking research of the stoplog. In the existing laminated water taking monitoring test of the laminated beam door, the method is mainly used for directly measuring the temperature of the drained water of the hydropower station or additionally measuring the vertical water temperature in front of a water inlet or a dam on the basis of the temperature of the drained water of the hydropower station. Due to the lack of deep research on a reasonable scheduling scheme for the operation of a power station unit and a water temperature mixing mechanism in a water inlet turbulent flow region, effective evaluation and analysis on the layered water taking effect of the laminated beam door are difficult to perform.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical current situation that effective monitoring of layered water taking of a laminated beam door is difficult to realize and further the evaluation of layered water taking effect is influenced in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for monitoring layered water taking of the laminated beam door, which aims to provide a reliable and effective data support for evaluating and analyzing the improvement effect of the laminated water taking of the laminated beam door on the low-temperature water discharged from a hydropower station by quantitatively researching the response relation of the lower-temperature water discharged from the hydropower station under the conditions of a vertical water temperature structure of a far dam region of a reservoir and the existence of the laminated beam door, guide the effective scheduling operation of the laminated beam door and play an important role in promoting the aquatic ecological environment protection of rivers.
The invention idea is as follows: the method comprises the steps of building a laminated water taking and non-laminated water taking test set of the laminated door, monitoring the operation of the laminated door, summarizing and counting monitoring data, enabling information such as elevation, temperature and time to be displayed visually, not only directly obtaining the laminated water taking effect of the laminated door, but also being beneficial to identifying the extending space of the laminated water taking effect of the laminated door under the condition of the laminated door and guiding the dispatching operation of the laminated door.
Based on the above invention thought, the laminated water intake monitoring method for the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1 arrangement test facility
S11, respectively arranging a laminated water intake test group and a non-laminated water intake test group of a laminated beam door according to the arrangement of a water diversion channel of the hydropower station;
s12, mounting a vertical temperature chain in a far dam region of a reservoir in front of a water inlet of the hydropower station;
s13 water temperature measuring instruments are arranged at the tail water outlets of the generator sets of the laminated water taking test group of the stop log gate and the water taking test group without the stop log gate;
s2 Water intake test is carried out, and monitoring and related data are collected
Respectively carrying out a laminated water taking test and a non-laminated water taking test of the laminated beam door, and collecting vertical temperature chain water temperature monitoring data, tail water monitoring water temperature data of each generator set, a time-by-time running water level of a reservoir, a non-laminated beam door water taking bottom plate elevation and a laminated beam door top elevation during the test;
s3 determining equivalent elevation of unit lower discharge water temperature
Taking tail water temperatures of generator sets in a laminated water taking test of a stop log gate and a water taking test without the stop log gate as unit lower discharge water temperatures, and then finding an elevation corresponding to the unit lower discharge water temperature from the vertical water temperatures in the time corresponding to the vertical temperature chain in a remote dam area as a stop log gate unit lower discharge water temperature equivalent elevation and a stop log gate unit lower discharge water temperature equivalent elevation;
s4 obtaining the monitoring result
And (3) constructing an 'elevation-time-water temperature' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture according to real-time measured temperature data of the reservoir operation water level and the vertical temperature chain, and adding a stop log gate top elevation, a stop log gate water intake bottom plate elevation, a stop log gate unit lower water discharge temperature equivalent elevation and a stop log gate unit lower water discharge temperature equivalent elevation into the 'elevation-time-water temperature' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture to obtain a stop log gate layered water intake monitoring result based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain.
In the laminated water intake monitoring method for the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain, the step S1 aims to arrange test facilities meeting requirements.
Because the water inlets are not completely arranged on two banks (a left bank and a right bank) in a water diversion channel of the hydropower station, and the water inlets are arranged on one bank (the left bank or the right bank). Therefore, when the test group is set in the step S11, for the case that water inlets are uniformly arranged on both banks of the diversion channel of the hydropower station, the water inlet of the generator set on one bank adopts a laminated water intake of a laminated beam door as the laminated water intake test group of the laminated beam door; the water inlet of the generator set on the other bank takes water without a stoplog door as a water taking test set without the stoplog door; for the condition that only one bank of a diversion conduit of the hydropower station is provided with a water inlet, selecting half of the water inlets of the generator sets to adopt a stop log door to take water in a layering manner to serve as a stop log door layering water taking test group; and the other half of the generator set adopts a non-stop log gate to take water as a non-stop log gate water taking test set.
Further, in step S12, the vertical temperature chain is installed in a remote dam area of the reservoir, which is 500-3 km away from the hydropower station water inlet. And the bottom end of the vertical temperature chain is provided with a counterweight not lower than 3kg so as to keep the vertical state of the vertical temperature chain. When the water level of the reservoir where the vertical temperature chain is located is highest, the depth of the vertical temperature chain penetrating into the water is more than or equal to 10m higher than the height difference of the bottom plate of the water taking port of the hydropower station. Because the height difference between the normal water storage level of a general hydropower station and the water intake bottom plate is within 100m, the length of the vertical temperature chain is preferably not less than 110 m. The vertical temperature chain is provided with a plurality of temperature probes, in order to effectively measure the structural distribution of vertical water temperature in front of a dam, the distance between adjacent temperature probes at the section of 0-30 m underwater is 1-2 m, and the distance between adjacent temperature probes at the bottom end of the underwater 30 m-temperature chain is 2-5 m. In order to effectively monitor the surface water temperature in front of the dam, a probe used for measuring the surface water temperature on the vertical temperature chain is located 0.5m underwater. In addition, the temperature probe on the vertical temperature chain has the measurement precision of not more than 0.1 ℃, and the frequency of water temperature data acquisition is set to be 10-30 minutes/time.
Further, in step S13, in order to monitor the water temperature process of each generator set of the hydropower station, the water temperature probe of the tail water temperature measuring instrument is arranged in an obvious flow area within 15m from the tail water outflow of each generator set, and the water temperature probe is submerged under water by 0.5m or less. The tail water temperature measuring instrument has the measuring precision of not more than 0.1 ℃, and the water temperature data acquisition frequency is set to be 10-30 minutes/time.
According to the laminated water taking monitoring method for the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain, in the step S2, the laminated water taking test of the stop log gate and the laminated water taking test without the stop log gate are carried out at intervals or simultaneously, and the interval time does not exceed 2 days so as to form multiple effective comparison of different water taking modes. The operation time of each generator set of the laminated water taking test group of the stop log gate and the water taking test group without the stop log gate is maintained for more than 2 hours, so that the influence of shutdown tail water of the hydropower station in the early stage on unit tail water monitoring data in the water taking test is reduced. In the monitoring process, the collected monitoring data comprise the start-stop time of each generator set, the operation records (operation time, the number of used layers of the stop log gate) and the like of the stop log gate besides the vertical temperature chain water temperature monitoring data, the tail water monitoring water temperature data of each generator set, the hourly running water level of the reservoir, the elevation of the water intake bottom plate without the stop log gate and the elevation of the top of the stop log gate.
Furthermore, in order to acquire effective monitoring data, the monitoring data needs to be preprocessed, and the monitoring data in the non-operation time period of the generator set, the second half hour of the operation of the generator set and the first half hour of the shutdown are removed according to the opening and closing time of each generator set and the operation record of the stop log gate. Firstly, according to the collected water temperature record data of the tail water outlet of each generating set of the hydropower station, according to the opening and closing time of each generating set and the operation record of the stop log gate, deleting the water temperature record data of the generating set in the non-operation time period, and sorting, counting and distinguishing the time-varying process of the tail water temperature of each generating set with/without the stop log gate in the operation time of each generating set. Secondly, in order to ensure the validity of the recorded data of the monitoring of the temperature of the tail water of each generator set, the data of half an hour after the operation of each generator set and half an hour before the shutdown are not brought into the effective interval of the temperature of the tail water of the generator set of the hydropower station, and are removed.
In the step S3, the equivalent elevation of the let-down water temperature is determined according to the reservoir laminar flow principle, specifically, the positions of the let-down water temperatures of each unit of the hydropower station corresponding to the same temperature on the vertical temperature structure in front of the dam (i.e., the vertical temperature distribution obtained by measuring the vertical temperature chain); the position of the corresponding temperature of the unit lower water discharge temperature measured by the laminated water taking test group of the stoplog door on the vertical temperature distribution obtained by the measurement of the vertical temperature chain is the equivalent elevation of the unit lower water discharge temperature of the stoplog door; the position of the water temperature of each unit which is measured by the water taking test group without the laminated beam door on the vertical temperature distribution which is obtained by the measurement of the vertical temperature chain is the equivalent elevation of the water temperature of the unit without the laminated beam door.
In the method for monitoring laminated water taking of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain, the monitoring result in the step S4 further includes constructing an "elevation-time-water temperature gradient" two-dimensional distribution cloud chart, and constructing the "elevation-time-water temperature gradient" two-dimensional distribution cloud chart according to the reservoir operation water level and the vertical temperature chain water temperature gradient which changes along with time, wherein the vertical temperature chain water temperature gradient refers to the ratio of the temperature difference between two adjacent temperature probes in the vertical temperature distribution to the distance between the two temperature probes; and adding the top elevation of the stop log door, the elevation of the water intake bottom plate without the stop log door, the equivalent elevation of the let-down water temperature of the stop log door unit and the equivalent elevation of the let-down water temperature of the stop log door unit into the two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of elevation-time-water temperature gradient.
In the method for monitoring laminated water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain, the monitoring result in the step S4 further includes constructing a comparison graph of the variation of the water temperature of the generator set lower water discharge with/without the stop log gate along with the test monitoring time, and the comparison graph is obtained by using the relation between the water temperature of each generator set lower water discharge or the average value thereof and the test monitoring time in the laminated water intake test and the water intake test without the stop log gate.
Compared with the prior art, the laminated water intake monitoring method for the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, a far dam region vertical temperature chain is adopted to obtain a pre-dam vertical temperature structure, a cloud chart of water temperature and water temperature gradient along with elevation and time is obtained, information such as a stoplog door unit lower water discharge temperature equivalent elevation and a stoplog door top elevation is synchronously added, the relation between the pre-dam temperature structure of a reservoir and the lower water discharge temperature of a hydropower station under a stoplog door layered water taking measure can be visually identified, so that the expansion space of the stoplog door layered water taking effect under the condition of the stoplog door can be visually identified, and the method is beneficial to guiding the dispatching operation of the stoplog door.
2. The invention is mainly established based on the vertical temperature structure and distribution of the far dam region, avoids the disturbance influence of the complex water flow state in front of the water inlet and the start and stop of the generator set on the water temperature structure, and can reflect the stability and regularity of data.
3. According to the invention, the implementation scheme of the laminated water taking of the stop log gate and the scheduling operation of the generator set can be designed according to the arrangement condition of the water inlet of the hydropower station, so that a more reasonable stop log gate scheduling operation scheme is designed, and reliable and effective data are provided for the evaluation of the laminated water taking effect of the stop log gate.
4. According to the method, the acquired water temperature data of the unit underdrain is subjected to statistical analysis according to the starting and stopping time of each generator set, the operation records of the stop log gate and the like, and invalid data are eliminated, so that the effectiveness of the evaluation of the layering water taking effect of the hydropower station is ensured.
5. The invention can also directly and effectively analyze the layered water taking effect of the stop log gate by comparing the water temperature of the outlet of the generator set with/without the stop log gate.
6. According to the invention, the remote transmission function is additionally configured, the water temperature layering state in front of the reservoir dam is mastered in real time, the layering water taking effect and space of the stop log gate are predicted and evaluated, and the invalid scheduling time of the stop log gate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a laminated water intake monitoring method for a stop log gate based on a far dam region vertical temperature chain.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a water temperature monitoring arrangement point of an illumination hydropower station in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of vertical water temperature monitoring arrangement and water taking effect in front of an illuminated hydropower station dam in an embodiment of the invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of vertical water temperature monitoring arrangement and water taking effect without a stack door, and (b) is a schematic diagram of vertical water temperature monitoring arrangement and water taking effect with a stack door.
FIG. 4 is a cloud view of elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution constructed in an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is elevation, the temperature is displayed by a color scale, the light color indicates that the temperature is low, and the dark color indicates that the temperature is high.
FIG. 5 is a cloud image of elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution constructed in an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is elevation, the temperature gradient is displayed through a color scale, the light color represents that the temperature gradient is small, and the dark color represents that the temperature gradient is large.
FIG. 6 shows the water intake elevation relationship corresponding to the temperature of the station down stream in the embodiment of the present invention with/without the stoplog door water intake scheme.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The present example is directed to a study in which the subject is an illuminated hydropower station.
The method for monitoring layered water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
s1, arranging a test facility;
s2, carrying out a water taking test and collecting monitoring and related data;
s3 determining the equivalent elevation of the unit discharge water temperature;
s4, an 'elevation-time-water temperature' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture, an 'elevation-time-water temperature gradient' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture and a comparison picture of the water temperature of the generator set drainage with/without the laminated beam door along with the change of the test monitoring time are constructed.
The above steps are explained in detail below with reference to the details of the illuminated hydropower station.
S1 arrangement test facility
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the water diversion and power generation system of the illumination hydropower station is mainly arranged on the right bank and adopts a 2-hole (water diversion channel) 4-machine mode. The water inlet of the water guide channel is built with a stoplog door engineering measure, and the maximum layer number of the stoplog door which can be lifted is 12 (each layer is 3m high). For the layering water intaking effect of direct evaluation analysis illumination stoplog door, this step has developed the temperature contrast operating mode research of taking different water intaking modes with different diversion canals according to illumination power station diversion power generation system's the arrangement condition, and concrete experimental facilities arranges to include:
s11 sets up the laminated water intake test group of the stop log door and the non-stop log door water intake test group respectively according to the arrangement of the diversion conduit of the hydropower station.
The arrangement scheme of the water temperature monitoring device during the layered water intaking test is shown in figures 2 and 3. According to the arrangement of the diversion conduit of the illumination hydropower station in the embodiment, 5 stacked beam doors are placed down to carry out layered water taking before the water inlet of the 1# diversion conduit (1#, 2# two units), and the water is taken in a single-layer water taking mode (without adopting layered water taking and lifting the stacked beam doors which are placed down) before the water inlet of the 2# diversion conduit (3#, 4# two units).
S12 vertical temperature chains are installed in the far dam area of the reservoir in front of the hydropower station water inlet.
As shown in figure 3, the light hydropower station dam front floating dam is installed in a dam area far away from a water inlet 800m of a hydropower station, is 85m long, and is provided with a temperature chain with 27 water temperature probes for monitoring vertical water temperature in front of the dam, wherein the distance between 0-30 m sections of temperature probes on the surface layer is 2m, and the distance between 30-85 m sections of temperature probes underwater is 5 m. And a probe used for measuring the surface water temperature on the vertical temperature chain is positioned 0.5m under water. The temperature probe on the vertical temperature chain has the measurement precision of 0.1 ℃, and the recording time frequency of the water temperature data is set to be 30 minutes once.
And water temperature measuring instruments are respectively arranged on 10m of the left bank and the right bank of the downstream of the tail water outlet of the generator set of the S13 laminated water taking test set of the stop log gate and the water taking test set without the stop log gate.
And an LGSC remote water temperature recorder is adopted for monitoring the tail water temperature of the left bank of the tail water outlet, and the tail water temperature of the 1# and 2# units which run with a stop log door or the tail water temperature of the two units running simultaneously is mainly monitored. And an LGSC remote water temperature recorder is adopted for monitoring the tail water temperature of the right bank of the tail water outlet, and the tail water temperature of the 3# and 4# units which do not have a stop log door and operate independently or simultaneously is mainly monitored. The temperature precision of each water temperature device is 0.1 ℃, and the recording time frequency of the water temperature data is set to be 30 minutes once.
S2 performs a water intake test and collects monitoring and related data.
The method comprises the steps of respectively carrying out a laminated water taking test and a non-laminated water taking test of the laminated beam door, and collecting monitoring and related data during the test, wherein the monitoring and related data comprise vertical temperature chain water temperature monitoring data, tail water outlet left bank water temperature monitoring data, tail water outlet right bank water temperature monitoring data, reservoir time-by-time running water level, laminated beam door operation time, laminated beam door top elevation (determined by the number of layers used by the laminated beam door), non-laminated beam door water taking bottom plate elevation, on-off time of each generator set and the like.
For obtaining certain quantity, reliable layering water intaking effect analysis sample to effectively carry out analysis and evaluation to folding beam door layering water intaking effect, formulated the unit operation scheme during the layering water intaking: 1) according to the load dispatching requirement of the power grid, when one unit or two units can be adopted for operation, the units with the same water guide channel are adopted as much as possible, water taking is exchanged in different water guide channels, so that more than two pairs of different water taking modes are compared, and the interval time between every pair of water taking modes does not exceed 2 days; 2) the running time of the unit in a single water taking mode is maintained to be more than 2 hours as far as possible, so that the influence of the shutdown tail water of the power station in the early period is reduced.
In the embodiment, the time period of the layered water taking test is from 4 months and 12 days to 6 months and 30 days in 2019, the total time period is 53 days, wherein the sunlight power station with 4 months and 15 days to 23 days, 6 months and 7 days to 10 days and 12 days to 20 days does not generate power or drain water, and the layered water taking test is not carried out.
In order to obtain effective monitoring data, according to the embodiment, firstly, the collected tail water temperature record data of the left bank and the right bank of the outlet of the tail water channel of the illuminated hydropower station is rejected according to the starting and stopping time of each generator set and the operation time of the stop log gate, and the change process of the tail water temperature of the left bank/the right bank of the outlet with/without the stop log gate along with the time is sorted, counted and distinguished. And secondly, eliminating the data of the half hour after the running time of the generator set and the half hour before the shutdown, which are not brought into the effective interval of the tail water temperature of the hydropower station.
And S3 determining the equivalent elevation of the unit discharge water temperature.
In this embodiment, use each generating set tail water temperature as the unit temperature of leaking down in stoplog door layering water intaking experiment and no stoplog door water intaking experiment. Because the tail water temperature of the 1# and 2# units running independently or running simultaneously of the two units is realized by monitoring the tail water temperature of the left bank of the tail water outlet, and the tail water temperature of the 3# and 4# units running independently or running simultaneously of the two units is realized by monitoring the tail water temperature of the right bank of the tail water outlet, the tail water temperature monitored by the left bank of the tail water outlet is used as the unit downward water discharge temperature measured by the laminated water taking test group of the stop log gate in the embodiment, and the tail water temperature monitored by the right bank of the tail water outlet is used as the unit downward water discharge temperature measured by the water taking test group without the stop log gate.
And taking the position of the unit let-down water temperature measured by the laminated water taking test group of the stop log door, which corresponds to the temperature on the vertical temperature distribution (obtained by measuring a vertical temperature chain), as the equivalent elevation of the unit let-down water temperature of the stop log door. And taking the position of the unit lower water discharge temperature measured by the non-stop log gate water taking test group on the vertical temperature distribution corresponding to the temperature as the equivalent elevation of the unit lower water discharge temperature of the non-stop log gate.
S4, obtaining a monitoring result, and constructing an elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud picture, an elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud picture and a comparison picture of the variation of the discharged water temperature of the generator set with/without the laminated beam door along with the test monitoring time.
(1) Constructing an elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud picture
And constructing an elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud chart according to the real-time measured temperature data of the reservoir operating water level and the vertical temperature chain. Adding the stop log door top elevation, the stop log door water intake bottom plate elevation, the stop log door unit let-down water temperature equivalent elevation and the stop log door unit let-down water temperature equivalent elevation to the elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud chart to obtain the elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud chart shown in the figure 4.
(2) Constructing an elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud picture
The ratio of the temperature difference value of two adjacent temperature probes in the vertical temperature distribution acquired by the vertical temperature chain to the distance between the two temperature probes is used as the water temperature gradient of the vertical temperature chain. And then constructing an elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud chart according to the reservoir operation water level and the vertical temperature chain water temperature gradient changing along with time. Adding the stop log door top elevation, the stop log door water intake bottom plate elevation, the stop log door unit let-down water temperature equivalent elevation and the stop log door unit let-down water temperature equivalent elevation to the elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud picture to obtain the elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud picture shown in the picture 5.
(3) Comparison graph of change of lower water temperature of generator set with/without stoplog door along with test monitoring time
By utilizing the relation between the water leakage temperature of the laminated water taking test of the stop log gate and the water taking test unit without the stop log gate and the test monitoring time, a comparison graph of the water leakage temperature of the generator unit with/without the stop log gate along with the change of the test monitoring time is constructed as shown in fig. 6.
The two-dimensional distribution cloud picture of 'elevation-time-water temperature', the two-dimensional distribution cloud picture of 'elevation-time-water temperature gradient' and the comparison graph of the variation of the water temperature of the generator set drainage with the time of the test monitoring are used for evaluating the layered water taking effect of the laminated beam door, and the advantages of the two-dimensional distribution cloud picture of 'elevation-time-water temperature gradient' and the comparison graph of the variation of the water temperature of the generator set drainage with the laminated beam door along with the test monitoring time are explained. In order to make the data more prominent, the elevation and water temperature characteristic values of the lighting and non-lighting stoplog door scheduling test in months 4 to 6 in 2019 are further given in the embodiment and are shown in table 1.
Table 12019 years 4-6 months illumination stop log door dispatching test elevation and water temperature characteristic value
With reference to fig. 4 and 5, the monitoring data during the stratified water intake test indicates that the variation range of the surface water temperature is 19.9-29.3 ℃, the average temperature is 24.7 ℃, and the reservoir bottom water temperature is relatively stable and is maintained at 15.5-16.0 ℃; the vertical temperature difference range is 4.4-13.5 ℃, and the average temperature is 9.1 ℃; the vertical temperature difference is mainly concentrated in the range of 20m of the surface layer, the 10m temperature difference of the surface layer accounts for about 57 percent of the whole vertical temperature difference, and the 20m temperature difference of the surface layer accounts for about 88 percent of the whole vertical temperature difference; the vertical water temperature below the elevation 680m is mainly stabilized between 16.5 ℃ and 15.5 ℃. The surface water temperature gradually rises due to the functions of air temperature and solar radiation heat storage and accumulation, the surface water temperature reaches 22.8 ℃, 24.0 ℃ and 26.9 ℃ in 4 months, 5 months and 6 months respectively, the disturbance on the water temperature structure in front of the dam is caused along with the reduction of the water level and the increase of the flow rate of entering and leaving the reservoir, and the thickness of the water layer above 20 ℃ is increased from 2m at the initial stage of layered water taking to 20m at the later stage. During the layering water intaking is experimental, comparatively apparent change takes place for vertical temperature structure, the single thermocline structure (the surperficial thermocline structure of thermocline) by the initial stage evolves gradually the top layer, the two thermocline structures that the thermocline exists simultaneously in the storehouse, initial stage thermocline position is far away from stoplog door top elevation, middle period is close to gradually along with the reduction of water level, later stage is because the emergence on two thermocline and the lifting of water level, the distance of storehouse thermocline AND gate top increases gradually, nevertheless the thermocline still is close to stoplog door top elevation in the storehouse.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and table 1, in the 5-layer laminated beam door operation period (door top height 685m), 4 months 12 days to 5 months 10 days, the reservoir operation water level is higher, the surface water body is in the temperature rise stage, the temperature of the discharged water of the 1#2# unit with the laminated beam door is increased by 0.2 ℃ to 1.4 ℃ compared with the temperature of the discharged water of the 3#4 unit without the laminated beam door, and the average temperature rise effect is 1.0 ℃. During the operation period of the 4 laminated beam doors (the door top elevation 682m), 5 months and 11 days to 5 months and 17 days, the operation water level of the reservoir is reduced, the surface water body is continuously heated, the temperature of the water discharged by the 1# and 2# machine sets with the laminated beam doors is increased by 0.1-0.9 ℃ compared with the temperature of the water discharged by the 3# and 4# machine sets without the laminated beam doors, and the average temperature rise effect is 0.4 ℃. During the operation period of the 3-layer laminated beam door (the door top elevation is 679m), the time is 5 months, 18 days to 6 months and 30 days, the water temperature of the 1#2 machine set with the laminated beam door is increased by 0.0-1.2 ℃ compared with the water temperature of the 3#4 machine set without the laminated beam door, and the average temperature rise effect is 0.4 ℃.
Further analysis shows that the average value of the water temperature elevation points on the dam corresponding to the water temperature discharged by the 3#4# machine set without the stop log gate is 690.4m, 20.4m above the bottom plate elevation 670m and about 10m above the water intake top elevation, so that the influence of hydraulic suction in front of the water intake on the water temperature can be seen. When the laminated beam door operates, the average value of the water temperature elevation points on the dam corresponding to the water temperature discharged by the No. 1 and No. 2 unit is 692.2m, the average value is 12.4m above the top elevation of the laminated beam door, the water intake elevation is improved by about 1.8m compared with the water intake elevation of the original water intake without the laminated beam door, and particularly, the water intake elevation is improved by 3.4m during the operation period of 5 laminated beam doors. Due to the action of the laminated beam door, the layered water taking elevation can enter a thermocline area in front of the dam and obtain a water body with higher temperature in the thermocline, so that the layered water taking effect of improving the temperature of the leaked water is achieved.
Therefore, the elevation-time-water temperature two-dimensional distribution cloud chart and the elevation-time-water temperature gradient two-dimensional distribution cloud chart obtained by the far dam region vertical temperature chain-based laminated water taking monitoring method for the laminated water taking of the laminated beam doors provided by the invention not only can visually evaluate the laminated water taking effect of the laminated beam doors, but also can visually identify the relationship between the temperature structure in front of the reservoir dam and the water discharging temperature of the power station with/without laminated water taking measures of the laminated beam doors, so that the expansion space of the laminated water taking effect of the laminated beam doors under the condition of the laminated beam doors can be visually identified, and the method is favorable for guiding the scheduling operation of the laminated beam doors. In addition, the change of the water temperature of the generator set with/without the stop log gate along with the test monitoring time is compared, and the layered water taking effect of the stop log gate can be visually and effectively analyzed.
Claims (10)
1. A laminated water intake monitoring method for a stop log gate based on a far dam region vertical temperature chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 arrangement test facility
S11, respectively arranging a laminated water intake test group and a non-laminated water intake test group of a laminated beam door according to the arrangement of a water diversion channel of the hydropower station;
s12, mounting a vertical temperature chain in a far dam region of a reservoir in front of a water inlet of the hydropower station;
s13 water temperature measuring instruments are arranged at the tail water outlets of the generator sets of the laminated water taking test group of the stop log gate and the water taking test group without the stop log gate;
s2 Water intake test is carried out, and monitoring and related data are collected
Respectively carrying out a laminated water taking test and a non-laminated water taking test of the laminated beam door, and collecting vertical temperature chain water temperature monitoring data, tail water monitoring water temperature data of each generator set, a time-by-time running water level of a reservoir, a non-laminated beam door water taking bottom plate elevation and a laminated beam door top elevation during the test;
s3 determining equivalent elevation of unit lower discharge water temperature
Taking tail water temperatures of generator sets in a laminated water taking test of a stop log gate and a water taking test without the stop log gate as unit lower discharge water temperatures, and then finding an elevation corresponding to the unit lower discharge water temperature from the vertical water temperatures in the time corresponding to the vertical temperature chain in a remote dam area as a stop log gate unit lower discharge water temperature equivalent elevation and a stop log gate unit lower discharge water temperature equivalent elevation;
s4 obtaining the monitoring result
And (3) constructing an 'elevation-time-water temperature' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture according to real-time measured temperature data of the reservoir operation water level and the vertical temperature chain, and adding a stop log gate top elevation, a stop log gate water intake bottom plate elevation, a stop log gate unit lower water discharge temperature equivalent elevation and a stop log gate unit lower water discharge temperature equivalent elevation into the 'elevation-time-water temperature' two-dimensional distribution cloud picture to obtain a stop log gate layered water intake monitoring result based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain.
2. The method for monitoring the layered water intake of the stop log door based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain according to claim 1, wherein in step S11, for the case that water inlets are arranged on both banks of a diversion channel of the hydropower station, the water inlet of a generator set on one bank adopts the stop log door to take water in a layered mode to serve as a stop log door layered water intake test group; the water inlet of the generator set on the other bank takes water without a stoplog door as a water taking test set without the stoplog door;
for the condition that only one bank of a diversion conduit of the hydropower station is provided with a water inlet, selecting half of the water inlets of the generator sets to adopt a stop log door to take water in a layering manner to serve as a stop log door layering water taking test group; and the other half of the generator set adopts a non-stop log gate to take water as a non-stop log gate water taking test set.
3. The method for monitoring layered water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S12, the vertical temperature chain is installed in the far dam region of the reservoir, which is 500-3 km away from the hydropower station water inlet.
4. The method for monitoring layered water intake of the stop log door based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain according to claim 3, wherein the difference between the depth of the vertical temperature chain penetrating into the water and the height of the bottom plate of the water intake port of the hydropower station is greater than or equal to 10m when the water level of the reservoir in which the vertical temperature chain is located is highest.
5. The monitoring method for layered water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain is characterized in that a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the vertical temperature chain, the distance between every two adjacent temperature probes at the section of 0-30 m underwater is 1-2 m, and the distance between every two adjacent temperature probes at the bottom end of the underwater 30 m-temperature chain is 2-5 m.
6. The method for monitoring laminated water intake of a stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the laminated water intake test of the stop log gate and the laminated water intake test without the stop log gate are performed at the same time or at the same time, and the time interval does not exceed 2 days.
7. The monitoring method for laminated water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the running time of each generator set of the stop log gate laminated water intake test set and the stop log gate water intake test set is maintained for more than 2 hours.
8. The method for monitoring the layered water intake of the stop log door based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that monitoring data of the generator set during a non-operation period, a second half hour of the operation of the generator set and a half hour before the shutdown are removed according to the opening and closing time of each generator set and the operation time of the stop log door.
9. The method for monitoring layered water intake of the stop log gate based on the far dam region vertical temperature chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 further comprises constructing an "elevation-time-water temperature gradient" two-dimensional distribution cloud picture, and constructing an "elevation-time-water temperature gradient" two-dimensional distribution cloud picture according to the reservoir operation water level and the time-varying vertical temperature chain water temperature gradient, wherein the vertical temperature chain water temperature gradient is a ratio of a temperature difference between two adjacent temperature probes in the vertical temperature distribution to a distance between the two temperature probes; and adding the top elevation of the stop log door, the elevation of the water intake bottom plate without the stop log door, the equivalent elevation of the let-down water temperature of the stop log door unit and the equivalent elevation of the let-down water temperature of the stop log door unit into the two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of elevation-time-water temperature gradient.
10. The method for monitoring laminated water intake of a stop log gate based on far dam vertical temperature chain according to claim 1 or 9, wherein step S4 further comprises constructing a comparison graph of the variation of the water temperature of the generator set let-down water with/without stop log gate with the test monitoring time, and obtaining the relationship between the water temperature of the generator set let-down water or the average value thereof and the test monitoring time by using the stop log gate laminated water intake test and the stop log gate water intake test.
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