CN110849323A - Telescopic settling tube, and settling deformation monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Telescopic settling tube, and settling deformation monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110849323A CN110849323A CN201911273629.2A CN201911273629A CN110849323A CN 110849323 A CN110849323 A CN 110849323A CN 201911273629 A CN201911273629 A CN 201911273629A CN 110849323 A CN110849323 A CN 110849323A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The invention discloses a telescopic settling tube, a settling deformation monitoring system and a method, wherein the telescopic settling tube comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline which are mutually spliced, the first pipeline is positioned above the second pipeline, and a sealing element is filled in a gap at the joint of the first pipeline and the second pipeline; and a transverse plate is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the first pipeline and is perpendicular to the axis of the first pipeline. The invention is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, for a core-wall rock-fill dam with a dam height of more than 150m, the requirement of settlement monitoring on the embedding precision of a settling pipe is high, the settling pipe can not be normally observed due to factors such as extrusion, excessive bending and hole clamping, and the electromagnetic settlement ring is easy to demagnetize, and the invention can adapt to deformation under the condition of high confining pressure, thereby achieving the purpose of adapting to the monitoring effect of the core-wall settlement deformation of the high rock-fill dam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of settlement monitoring, in particular to a telescopic settling tube, a settlement deformation monitoring system and a settlement deformation monitoring method.
Background
Engineering safety monitoring is an important means for monitoring engineering safety, so that the rock-fill dam needs to be provided with monitoring projects mainly based on deformation and seepage according to factors such as the grade scale of the engineering, the arrangement structure, the topographic and geological conditions, the construction environment and the like so as to monitor the operation state of the dam, guide construction and feed back design. With the increase of the height of the rock-fill dam, the compression resistance, deformation adaptability and distortion resistance of the monitoring instrument face new tests, and new requirements are provided for the aspects of layout and model selection of the monitoring instrument, construction process, instrument perfectness, durability and the like.
The earth core wall rock-fill dam which is built at home or in the building and has the dam height of more than 150m comprises a hydraulic pivot project at the bottom of a yellow river small wave (the maximum dam height is 160m, the survival rate of a monitoring instrument is less than 70 percent), a hydropower station project in a waterfall ditch (the maximum dam height is 186m, the survival rate of the monitoring instrument is less than 85.6 percent), and along with the continuous increase of the construction height of the earth-rock dam and the complexity and changeability of the construction conditions, the requirements on the performance index of the safety monitoring instrument and the capability of adapting to severe environmental conditions are higher and higher, so that the conventional monitoring instrument equipment with the performance basically at the limit at present is required to be modified or novel monitoring instrument equipment is developed and researched. The internal settlement deformation of the dam body is an important monitoring project of the earth-rock dam. For the core wall dam, in the built or under-built engineering, the internal settlement deformation of the downstream rockfill area is monitored by a water-tube settlement meter, so that the application effect is good; the internal settlement deformation of the core wall is monitored by adopting an electromagnetic settlement meter, a beam settlement meter, a wide-range potentiometer settlement meter, a chord settlement meter and the like, but the survival rate is low, and at present, no instrument survival experience with the dam height of more than 200m exists; the upstream rockfill area is underwater, so that no effective means is available for monitoring.
The existing monitoring method comprises the following steps:
principle of water tube type settlement meter: the liquid level measuring device is manufactured by utilizing the principle that two ends of liquid in a communicating pipe are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the liquid level height measured in an observation room is the height of a settlement measuring head, and the liquid level is directly read on the scales of the glass pipe in a visual measurement mode. And the settlement of the measured point is equal to the variation of the real-time measured elevation reading relative to the reference elevation reading, and the settlement of the fixed mark point in the observation room is the final settlement of the measured point. The settlement of the fixed punctuation in the observation room is measured by a leveling method.
Principle of electromagnetic type settlement meter: the electromagnetic settlement meter comprises a measuring head, a measuring ruler (also used as a cable), a roller, a settlement pipe, a settlement ring and the like. The electromagnetic settlement meter realizes the observation of the settlement deformation of the soil body by utilizing the displacement of a metal settlement ring embedded in a hard plastic pipe and a corrugated pipe jacket in the soil body, the settlement pipe and the settlement ring are embedded into the dam body or a foundation together, and when the dam body is settled and deformed, the settlement ring is synchronously displaced along with the soil body. And (3) putting a measuring head into the pipe at certain intervals, measuring the distance change of the settlement rings from the pipe orifice by using the electromagnetic measuring head, measuring the relative settlement displacement of the positions of the settlement rings, and correcting the relative settlement displacement by using the elevation of the pipe orifice measured by leveling measurement to obtain the layered absolute settlement deformation of each measuring point in the deep layer of the soil body. The working principle of the electromagnetic settlement meter is that an electromagnetic oscillation coil is arranged in a measuring head, when the oscillation coil is close to an iron ring buried in soil, because eddy current loss is generated in the iron ring, a large amount of magnetic field energy of an oscillation circuit is absorbed, so that an oscillator is forced to weaken until oscillation is stopped, at the moment, an amplifier has no output, a trigger is turned over, an actuator (relay) acts, and a crystal sounder makes a sound. And reading the depth of the iron ring from the measuring ruler placed in the hole according to the position of the sound at the moment. The damage of the battery settlement gauge is mainly that the settlement pipe deforms due to the deformation of the soil body, and the settlement measuring head cannot be placed into the settlement gauge. The maximum survival length is currently only 120 m.
Crossbeam formula settlement gauge, wide range potentiometer formula settlement gauge principle: the measuring principle and the installation and embedding mode of the beam type settlement gauge and the wide-range electric rod type displacement gauge are similar, and the beam type settlement gauge comprises a sensor, a transmission pipe, a connecting pipe, a settlement measuring head and the like. The vertical displacement of the soil body is measured by utilizing the relative motion of the transfer pipe in the sleeve, namely when the soil body is settled or raised, the settlement measuring head buried in the soil moves along with the soil body, the transfer pipe is connected in parallel and moves up and down in the sleeve, and the settlement value of the soil body at each measuring point can be obtained by measuring the distance change between the end head of the transfer pipe and the settlement measuring head. According to different types of sensors, the sensors can be divided into a potentiometer type, a vibrating wire type, a differential resistance type and the like, wherein the potentiometer type has a large measuring range and can meet the requirement of monitoring the deformation of the core wall of the rock-fill dam; the vibrating wire type and the differential resistance type are small in range, and the instrument is easily damaged due to over-range. Instruments used in the established and constructed projects such as the waxy river, the long dam, the two estuaries and the like are all in a potentiometer type, and are generally arranged near an electromagnetic settlement instrument to serve as backup and redundancy design means. The instrument is easy to damage due to reasons such as blocked measuring rod movement caused by soil deformation, and the completeness rate of the glutinous ferry and long dam is 60-70%.
Chordal settlement gauge principle: the string type settlement meter comprises a liquid storage tank, a liquid guide pipe, a compressible stainless steel protective pipe, a steel string type pressure sensor, a hydraulic anchor head and the like (see figure 4), wherein the sensor measures the pressure of a liquid column in the liquid guide pipe, the height of the liquid column is reduced along with the sinking of the liquid storage tank along with surrounding media, the pressure measured by the sensor is reduced, and the reduction of the pressure is converted into the millimeter change of the liquid column to obtain the corresponding settlement amount. Due to the influence of the working principle of the instrument and the difficulty in construction protection, the string type settlement instrument cannot acquire effective data when applied to projects such as a glutinous ferry, a waterfall ditch, a long dam and the like.
The dam settlement deformation monitoring method and the monitoring means are mature and reliable, but the monitoring means are less successfully applied in the high rockfill dam, and a plurality of technical problems are certainly encountered in the practical application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a telescopic settling tube, a settling deformation monitoring system and a settling deformation monitoring method, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, for a core-wall rock-fill dam with a dam height of more than 150m, the settling monitoring has high requirements on the burying accuracy of the settling tube, the settling tube is extruded, excessively bent, blocked in a hole and other factors, the settling tube cannot be normally observed, and an electromagnetic settling ring is easy to demagnetize, so that the purposes of adapting to deformation under the condition of high confining pressure and achieving the effect of adapting to monitoring the settling deformation of a core wall of the high rock-fill dam are achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a telescopic settling tube comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline which are mutually inserted, wherein the first pipeline is positioned above the second pipeline, and a sealing element is filled in a gap at the joint of the first pipeline and the second pipeline; and a transverse plate is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the first pipeline and is perpendicular to the axis of the first pipeline.
Traditional settlement monitoring is high to the precision requirement of burying underground of settling leg like the electromagnetic settlement appearance, and the settling leg receives factors such as extrusion, excessive bending, card hole all to lead to unable normal observation, and the electromagnetic settlement ring is the magnetic substance, lies in under the soil for a long time and probably leads to the magnetic substance demagnetization, is unfavorable for this a series of technological problems such as permanent monitoring to have the important influence to monitoring super high rockfill dam's deformation. The telescopic settling tube comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline which are mutually spliced, wherein the first pipeline and the second pipeline are mutually spliced, namely the diameters of the first pipeline and the second pipeline are different, and one pipeline can be inserted into the other pipeline. In this application can first pipeline be thinner, and its bottom inserts to the second pipeline top, also can the second pipeline be thinner, and its top stretches into the bottom to first pipeline. The sealing member is stuffed in the clearance of the junction of first pipeline and second pipeline, and the sealing member at first realizes blocking water sealedly, and secondly utilizes the frictional force between sealing member and the pipeline to effectively keep the pipeline of top not gliding to still utilize the external diameter difference of first pipeline and second pipeline, guarantee to have certain deformation space between two pipelines, can adapt to certain deformation under the high confining pressure. The periphery of the lower part of the first pipeline is provided with a transverse plate, the transverse plate is perpendicular to the axis of the first pipeline, and the transverse plate enables the pipeline to be subjected to unbalanced confining pressure and can correct the pipeline to deviate from the vertical direction to a certain extent through the self weight of the soil body. This scheme has solved among the prior art that the sedimentation pipe receives factors such as extrusion, excessive bending, card hole and all probably lead to the problem of unable normal observation through the improvement to the sedimentation pipe, has realized adapting to under the high confined pressure condition and has warp, satisfy the purpose of high rock-fill dam core wall settlement deformation monitoring demand. The flexible settling leg in this scheme is one section only, and the practical application is pegged graft in proper order by a plurality of sections and is formed, and the hypothesis is that first pipeline can insert in the second pipeline, so to a section first pipeline, all be the second pipeline above and below it, the upper and lower both ends of this first pipeline insert respectively in the second pipeline that corresponds.
The bottom of the transverse plate is connected with the supporting plate through a connecting rod. When the frictional resistance that the sealing member provided is not enough to prevent corresponding pipeline gliding, pipeline gliding one section back backup pad can be set up on the pipeline of below promptly, and then ensures that before filling soil tamped, can't provide enough bond strength around the minor diameter pipeline, the minor diameter pipeline does not fall into in the major diameter pipeline.
And a plurality of wire passing holes are formed in the first pipeline or/and the second pipeline.
And the inner walls of the first pipeline or/and the second pipeline are/is provided with a clamping sleeve communicated with the wire passing hole, and the clamping sleeve inclines downwards from inside to outside along the radial direction. Thereby effectively preventing foreign matters and slurry from entering the pipeline.
The first pipeline and the second pipeline are both seamless steel pipes.
Subside deformation monitoring system, including burying underground at the internal flexible settling leg of a plurality of sections of dam pegging graft in proper order and burying underground at the internal settlement monitoring board of dam, set up a plurality of indium steel wires in the flexible settling leg, the bottom of indium steel wire is worn out and is linked to each other with the settlement monitoring board from crossing the line hole of flexible settling leg lateral wall, and in the top of indium steel wire extended the observation room, connect the counter weight after going around the assembly pulley. The settlement monitoring plate is arranged on the periphery of the wire passing hole, the lower soil body is compressed and deformed to cause the settlement monitoring plate to move downwards, the indium steel wire is driven to move downwards, the whole monitoring principle and design idea can be summarized into a vertical arrangement tension wire horizontal displacement meter, and longitudinal settlement is converted into horizontal reading through the pulley block. And measuring the relative displacement of the indium steel wire in the observation room by using the vernier caliper, and calculating the settlement displacement of the measuring point.
The system fully considers that the internal confining pressure of the core wall of the high rock-fill dam is large, the traditional pipeline deformation adopting welding connection is not suitable for the characteristic, and the embedded pipelines are connected in a sleeving mode. The design utilizes two adjacent sections of pipeline diameter to have the characteristics of difference, and certain length is inserted in the major diameter pipeline to the minor diameter pipeline, adopts better materials of leakproofness such as rubber to realize the sealing that blocks water between two pipelines, guarantees that the minor diameter pipeline can not fall into the major diameter pipeline, guarantees simultaneously that there is certain deformation space between two pipelines, can adapt to certain deformation under the high confined pressure. Meanwhile, the transverse plate is arranged at the lower part of the large-diameter pipeline, so that the pipeline can be corrected to a certain extent in the vertical direction under the action of unbalanced confining pressure through the self weight of the soil body; if the small-diameter pipeline sleeve joint can not provide the force for preventing the pipeline from sliding downwards, a supporting plate needs to be arranged, the situation that soil is not filled around the small-diameter pipeline and is tamped is guaranteed, and before a part of bond stress is provided, the small-diameter pipeline cannot fall into the large-diameter pipeline. Measuring point holes are arranged on the buried pipeline in a segmented mode, settlement monitoring plates are arranged on the periphery of the holes, soil body compression deformation on the lower portions of the monitoring plates causes the monitoring plates to move downwards, indium steel wires are driven to move downwards, the whole monitoring principle and design idea can be summarized into a vertical arrangement bracing wire horizontal displacement meter, achievement measurement reading is converted into horizontal reading through an orifice pulley device, and the reading mode can be consistent with that of the bracing wire horizontal displacement meter.
The diameter of the indium steel wire is 2mm, and a reading mark is arranged on the indium steel wire positioned in the observation room; the setting method of the reading mark comprises the following steps: marking on the surface of the indium steel wire by adopting a high-precision fiber laser marking machine, and adding an auxiliary coating on the surface of the indium steel wire before marking. The indium steel wire is a main measurement conducting part of the monitoring system, so that a permanent mark is made on the surface of the steel wire, the hidden danger of breakage caused by damage to the indium steel wire can be avoided, the mark needing to be marked is clear and visible, and the marking difficulty in the prior art is very high. The scheme adopts the high-precision fiber laser marking machine to mark on the spherical surface of the steel wire, and the marked steel wire is clearly visible to naked eyes. And an auxiliary coating is added on the surface of the indium steel wire during marking, so that the marking mark is clear and the indium steel wire is protected. The applicant performs a tensile test on the marked steel wire, and the yield strength of the steel wire at the marked position meets the standard requirement.
And a polyurethane material is filled in the telescopic settling tube. The flexible settling tube is guaranteed not to drop sundries, later-period indium steel wires are prevented from being wound in the pipeline, and the possibility that the indium steel wires in the flexible settling tube are not in mutual contact is guaranteed.
The settlement deformation monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(a) embedding a steel pipe base on the foundation of the excavated riverbed, fixing a telescopic settling pipe on the steel pipe base and extending to the dam face; filling the dam face to a distance embedding elevation, and measuring the positions and elevations of the embedded pipelines and the measuring points;
(b) the distance from a base point to a mark point of an observation room is matched with the length of the indium steel wire, each indium steel wire is lengthened by 30m, the indium steel wires are respectively coiled, the number plate of the upper measuring point is tied, and the coiled steel wires are not easy to be forked and bent;
(c) assembling an indium steel wire from a telescopic settling tube at one end of the measuring point, and sleeving a pressing ring and a pressing nut on the other end of the telescopic settling tube; a settlement monitoring plate is arranged at the position of the measuring point and outside the telescopic settling tube and is connected with the corresponding indium steel wire;
(d) preparing a polyurethane material according to the weight ratio of 1 part of polyurethane to 25 parts of water, and adding the polyurethane material into a telescopic settling tube to be solidified; collecting the indium steel wires of each measuring point into an observation room, and arranging the observation room on an observation platform horizontal displacement measuring device for fixing the calibration points;
(e) and testing, and backfilling if the working performance of the instrument is normal.
The backfilling method comprises the following steps: a concrete block body which is completely covered with the settlement monitoring plate is poured in a vertical mould at the settlement monitoring plate; after the concrete is solidified and demolded, maintaining and backfilling, manually and carefully backfilling the periphery of the pipeline, and compacting to the density of the dam body at the periphery; if the part of the dam body is located in the fine material part of the dam body, backfilling the original dam material; if the part of the granular material is positioned in the dam body, backfilling and compacting in a reverse filtering mode; wherein the periphery close to the instrument and equipment is densely filled with fine granules; and backfilling the dam by 1.8m above the top surface of the instrument, so that the normal construction and filling of the dam can be carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the telescopic settling tube, the settling deformation monitoring system and the settling deformation monitoring method, the pipeline connecting part of the telescopic settling tube is sealed by adopting the sealing element, and the sealing effect is tested to reach the design requirement. Meanwhile, the friction force between the selected sealing element and the pipeline effectively keeps the pipeline from sliding downwards.
2. According to the telescopic settling tube, the settling deformation monitoring system and the settling deformation monitoring method, foreign matters and slurry are effectively prevented from entering the interior of the settling tube by designing the clamping sleeve and the sealing element.
3. According to the telescopic settling tube, the settling deformation monitoring system and the settling deformation monitoring method, the polyurethane material and water are mixed and proportioned according to the proportion of 1:25 and then are filled into the pipeline, indium steel wires in the pipeline are not in contact with each other after filling, the possibility that the indium steel wires are wound due to the fact that sundries enter the pipeline is effectively isolated, and the filled polyurethane material cannot influence the normal movement of the indium steel wires.
4. According to the telescopic settling tube, the settling deformation monitoring system and the settling deformation monitoring method, the transverse plate enables the pipeline to be subjected to unbalanced confining pressure and can correct the pipeline to deviate from the vertical direction to a certain extent through the self weight of the soil body.
5. According to the telescopic sedimentation pipe, the sedimentation deformation monitoring system and the method, a high-precision fiber laser marking machine is adopted to mark the spherical surface of the steel wire, and the marked spherical surface is clearly visible to naked eyes. And an auxiliary coating is added on the surface of the indium steel wire during marking, so that the marking mark is clear and the indium steel wire is protected.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the installation process of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a viewing platform in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-a first pipeline, 2-a second pipeline, 3-a sealing element, 4-a transverse plate, 5-a connecting rod, 6-a supporting plate, 7-a line-passing hole, 8-a clamping sleeve, 9-a settlement monitoring plate, 10-an indium steel wire, 11-an observation room, 12-a counterweight, 13-a steel pipe base, 14-a reading section, 15-a winding wheel set and 16-a winding disc.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
the telescopic settling tube shown in fig. 1 comprises a first pipeline 1 and a second pipeline 2 which are mutually inserted, wherein the first pipeline 1 is positioned above the second pipeline 2, and a sealing element 3 is filled in a gap at the joint of the first pipeline 1 and the second pipeline 2; the periphery of the lower part of the first pipeline 1 is provided with a transverse plate 4, and the transverse plate 4 is perpendicular to the axis of the first pipeline 1. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the first pipe 1 located above is larger than the outer diameter of the second pipe 2. The sealing elements 3 in this embodiment are preferably several rubber sealing rings.
Example 2:
in a telescopic settling tube as shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment 1, the bottom of the transverse plate 4 is connected with a support plate 6 through a connecting rod 5. And a plurality of wire through holes 7 are formed in the first pipeline 1 or/and the second pipeline 2. The inner walls of the first pipeline 1 or/and the second pipeline 2 are/is provided with a clamping sleeve 8 communicated with the wire passing hole 7, and the clamping sleeve 8 inclines downwards from inside to outside along the radial direction. The first pipeline 1 and the second pipeline 2 are both seamless steel pipes. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the first pipe 1 located above is smaller than the inner diameter of the second pipe 2.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, the telescopic settling tube is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of sections, as shown in fig. 3, three sections of pipelines are provided, the middle section is a thicker first pipeline, and the upper side and the lower side are provided with second pipelines. By analogy, the gradual insertion connection of the telescopic settling pipe from the riverbed foundation to the dam surface can be realized. The inside confined pressure of high rock-fill dam core wall is great fully considered in this embodiment, and the pipeline that the tradition adopted welded connection warp maladaptive characteristics, buries underground between the pipeline and adopts the mode of cup jointing to connect. The design utilizes two adjacent sections of pipeline diameter to have the characteristics of difference, and certain length is inserted in the major diameter pipeline to the minor diameter pipeline, adopts better materials of leakproofness such as rubber to realize the sealing that blocks water between two pipelines, guarantees that the minor diameter pipeline can not fall into the major diameter pipeline, guarantees simultaneously that there is certain deformation space between two pipelines, can adapt to certain deformation under the high confined pressure. Meanwhile, the transverse plate 4 is arranged at the lower part of the large-diameter pipeline, so that the pipeline can be corrected to a certain extent in the vertical direction under the action of unbalanced confining pressure through the self weight of the soil body; if the small-diameter pipeline sleeve joint can not provide the force for preventing the pipeline from sliding downwards, the supporting plate 6 needs to be arranged, the situation that soil is not filled around the small-diameter pipeline and is tamped is ensured, and before a part of bond stress is provided, the small-diameter pipeline cannot fall into the large-diameter pipeline.
Example 4:
subside deformation monitoring system, as shown in fig. 4, 5, including bury the flexible settling leg of pegging graft in proper order of a plurality of sections in the dam body and bury the settlement monitoring board 9 in the dam body underground, set up a plurality of indium steel wires 10 in the flexible settling leg, the bottom of indium steel wire 10 is worn out and is linked to each other with settlement monitoring board 9 from the line hole 7 of crossing of flexible settling leg lateral wall, and the top of indium steel wire 10 extends in observation room 11, and connect counter weight 12 after going around the assembly pulley.
Preferably, the diameter of the indium steel wire 10 is 2mm, the indium steel wire 10 in the observation room 11 is provided with a reading section 14 between two horizontally distributed fixed pulleys as shown in fig. 5, and the reading section 14 is provided with a reading mark; the setting method of the reading mark comprises the following steps: marking on the surface of the indium steel wire 10 by using a high-precision fiber laser marking machine, and adding an auxiliary coating on the surface of the indium steel wire 10 before marking.
Preferably, the telescopic settling tube is filled with a polyurethane material
The working principle of the embodiment is that a telescopic settling tube which can freely stretch and contract and is subjected to rust prevention treatment is vertically laid at the measuring point elevation, the telescopic settling tube is made of a seamless steel tube, a stainless steel indium tile alloy steel wire with a small expansion coefficient is led out from each measuring point to a fixed mark point, a weight is tied at the terminal of the stainless steel indium tile alloy steel wire through a guide pulley, when the measuring point moves, the steel wire is driven to move, and when the measuring point moves, the relative displacement is measured at the fixed mark point through a vernier caliper, so that the settlement displacement of the measuring point can. The displacement of the measuring point is equal to the difference between the reading at a certain moment t and the initial reading, and the displacement of the corresponding fixed punctuation is added.
Example 5:
the dam body of the dam of the hydropower station belongs to a 300 m-level rock-fill dam, the settlement is 4.04m according to the engineering design, and the horizontal displacement is shifted to the downstream maximum value of 1.41 m; the infiltration slope of the top of the core wall is 1.23, the maximum escape slope of the downstream side is 3.01, and the maximum contact slope of the core wall and the concrete foundation is 2.45; the maximum principal stress of the core wall is 6.50 MPa. Therefore, the traditional settlement monitoring means has obvious defects in the embodiment, and higher requirements are provided for dam safety monitoring design, monitoring instrument equipment selection, installation and burying processes, protection measures thereof and the like.
The settlement deformation monitoring method adopted by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(a) burying a steel pipe base 13 on the foundation of the excavated riverbed, fixing a telescopic settling pipe on the steel pipe base and extending to the dam face; filling the dam face to a distance embedding elevation, and measuring the positions and elevations of the embedded pipelines and the measuring points;
(b) the distance from a base point to an observation room marking point is matched with the length of an indium steel wire 10, each indium steel wire is lengthened by 30m, the indium steel wires are respectively coiled, the number plate of the upper measuring point is tied, and the coiled steel wires are not easy to be forked and bent;
(c) assembling an indium steel wire 10 from a telescopic settling tube at one end of a measuring point, and sleeving a compression ring and a compression nut on the other end of the telescopic settling tube; a settlement monitoring plate 9 is arranged at the position of the measuring point and outside the telescopic settling tube and is connected with a corresponding indium steel wire 10;
(d) preparing a polyurethane material according to the weight ratio of 1 part of polyurethane to 25 parts of water, and adding the polyurethane material into a telescopic settling tube to be solidified; collecting the indium steel wires 10 of each measuring point into an observation room, and arranging the observation room on an observation platform horizontal displacement measuring device for fixing the calibration points;
(e) and testing, and backfilling if the working performance of the instrument is normal.
Wherein, the backfilling method is preferably as follows: a concrete block fully covering the settlement monitoring plate 9 is poured at the settlement monitoring plate 9 by erecting a mold; after the concrete is solidified and demolded, maintaining and backfilling, manually and carefully backfilling the periphery of the pipeline, and compacting to the density of the dam body at the periphery; if the part of the dam body is located in the fine material part of the dam body, backfilling the original dam material; if the part of the granular material is positioned in the dam body, backfilling and compacting in a reverse filtering mode; wherein the periphery close to the instrument and equipment is densely filled with fine granules; and backfilling the dam by 1.8m above the top surface of the instrument, so that the normal construction and filling of the dam can be carried out.
The burying method of the present embodiment is surface burying. The embedded foundation bed needs to be carefully leveled in the embedding process, all mechanical parts are firmly connected, particularly, the connection of the measuring point steel wires needs to be ensured to be firm, and the indium steel wires cannot be damaged due to arc turning during assembly; the periphery of the embedded settlement monitoring plate is densely filled to synchronously move with the soil body; before embedding, an observation room and a sight line observation point need to be built, so that normal observation can be carried out after the installation of the instrument and equipment is finished.
Before surface embedding, carefully leveling the embedded foundation bed to be horizontal, and leveling and compacting in fine granular materials to reach an embedded elevation; in the coarse granular material, filling and compacting in a reverse filtering layer mode to reach the burying elevation. The unevenness of the leveled foundation bed is not more than +/-2 mm, and the achieved compactness is the same as that of the surrounding dam body. When the surface is buried, a steel pipe base is buried in the foundation of the excavated riverbed and is connected with the 180 multiplied by 6 seamless steel pipe. And (4) filling the dam face to a distance embedding elevation, and measuring the positions and elevations of the embedded pipelines and the measuring points.
And (3) entering an installation process after embedding:
along the positions of pipelines and observation points, a distribution pipe length, a settlement monitoring plate, a steel wire rope flexible connecting line telescopic pipe joint, a distributing plate, a mud blocking ring, an alloy steel wire, a polyurethane material, a mounting rack and the like. The distance from the base point to the mark point of the observation platform is matched with the length of the steel wire, each steel wire is lengthened by 30m, the steel wire is respectively coiled, the number plate of the upper measuring point is tied, and the coiled steel wire is not easy to be forked and bent. The indium steel wire is assembled from one end of a measuring point, a branching plate is arranged on a joint through a telescopic settling tube, a mud blocking ring of a tube end sleeve compresses a nut, the stringing plate and a telescopic tube joint, and a compression ring and a compression nut are sleeved on the telescopic settling tube at the other end of the telescopic joint. And a settlement monitoring plate and a soft steel wire rope are arranged at the measuring point position and the expansion joint. The polyurethane material is mixed with river water according to the ratio of 1: 25. Adding a protective tube for 3 minutes and curing. And the indium steel wires of all the measuring points are collected on an observation platform which is arranged on the fixed marking points, and the horizontal displacement of the indium steel wires on the observation platform is measured by a horizontal displacement measuring device.
Finally, a backfilling process is carried out:
and testing after the instrument is installed, and backfilling when the working performance of the instrument is normal. Firstly, a concrete block body which is completely covered with the settlement monitoring plate is poured on the settlement monitoring plate in a vertical mold mode. And after the concrete is solidified and demolded, maintaining and backfilling, manually and carefully backfilling the periphery of the pipeline, and compacting to the density of the dam body at the periphery. The raw dam material is backfilled at the fine material part, the raw dam material is backfilled at the granular material part, the raw dam material is backfilled and compacted in a reverse filtering mode, and the fine material is densely filled around the instrument and equipment. And backfilling the dam by about 1.8m above the top surface of the apparatus, and then performing normal construction and filling of the dam.
When the observation house is arranged on the dam slopes of the upstream and downstream, fixed marking points are arranged on two banks of the dam body, and the position of the displacement measuring marking point in the observation house is determined by a sight line; when the observation rooms are arranged on both banks, fixed punctuations are arranged on bedrocks. And observing and recording the punctuation after the embedding and the installation are finished.
The observation range is adjusted by estimating the possible horizontal displacement direction and size of each measuring point, and the total weight of the indium steel wire is added by 20-50kg (the steel wire bearing is 150kg) through a guide wheel. After weighing, the number of readings is approximately 10, and the readings are repeated until the number of the last two readings is unchanged and recorded.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A telescopic settling tube is characterized by comprising a first pipeline (1) and a second pipeline (2) which are mutually inserted, wherein the first pipeline (1) is positioned above the second pipeline (2), and a sealing element (3) is filled in a gap at the joint of the first pipeline (1) and the second pipeline (2); and a transverse plate (4) is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the first pipeline (1), and the transverse plate (4) is vertical to the axis of the first pipeline (1).
2. A telescopic settling tube according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the transverse plate (4) is connected to the support plate (6) by a connecting rod (5).
3. A telescopic settling tube according to claim 1, wherein the first pipe (1) or/and the second pipe (2) is provided with a plurality of wire holes (7).
4. A telescopic settling tube according to claim 3, wherein the inner wall of the first pipe (1) or/and the second pipe (2) is provided with a ferrule (8) communicating with the through-line hole (7), the ferrule (8) being inclined downwards from the inside to the outside in the radial direction.
5. A telescopic settling tube according to claim 1, wherein the first pipe (1) and the second pipe (2) are seamless steel pipes.
6. The settlement deformation monitoring system of the telescopic settling tube is characterized by comprising the telescopic settling tube and a settlement monitoring plate (9), wherein the telescopic settling tube is embedded in a dam body, a plurality of sections of the telescopic settling tube are sequentially spliced, the settlement monitoring plate (9) is embedded in the dam body, a plurality of indium steel wires (10) are arranged in the telescopic settling tube, the bottom ends of the indium steel wires (10) penetrate out of wire passing holes (7) in the side wall of the telescopic settling tube and are connected with the settlement monitoring plate (9), the top ends of the indium steel wires (10) extend into an observation room (11), and counterweight weights (12) are connected after bypassing a pulley block.
7. The settlement deformation monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the indium steel wire (10) is 2mm, and reading marks are arranged on the indium steel wire (10) in the observation room (11); the setting method of the reading mark comprises the following steps: marking on the surface of the indium steel wire (10) by adopting a high-precision fiber laser marking machine, and adding an auxiliary coating on the surface of the indium steel wire (10) before marking.
8. The sedimentation deformation monitoring system of claim 6 wherein the telescopic sedimentation tube is filled with a polyurethane material.
9. The method for monitoring sedimentation deformation of a telescopic sedimentation pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(a) embedding a steel pipe base on the foundation of the excavated riverbed, fixing a telescopic settling pipe on the steel pipe base and extending to the dam face; filling the dam face to a distance embedding elevation, and measuring the positions and elevations of the embedded pipelines and the measuring points;
(b) the distance from a base point to an observation room marking point is matched with the length of the indium steel wire (10), each indium steel wire is lengthened by 30m, the indium steel wires are respectively coiled, the number plate of the upper measuring point is tied, and the coiled steel wires are not easy to be forked and bent;
(c) assembling an indium steel wire (10) from a telescopic settling tube at one end of a measuring point, and sleeving a compression ring and a compression nut on the other end of the telescopic settling tube; a settlement monitoring plate (9) is arranged at the position of the measuring point and on the outer side of the telescopic settlement pipe and is connected with a corresponding indium steel wire (10);
(d) preparing a polyurethane material according to the weight ratio of 1 part of polyurethane to 25 parts of water, and adding the polyurethane material into a telescopic settling tube to be solidified; collecting the indium steel wires (10) of each measuring point into an observation room, and installing the observation room on an observation platform horizontal displacement measuring device for fixing the calibration points;
(e) and testing, and backfilling if the working performance of the instrument is normal.
10. The sedimentation deformation monitoring method according to claim 9, wherein the backfilling method is: a concrete block fully covering the settlement monitoring plate (9) is poured at the settlement monitoring plate (9) in a vertical mold; after the concrete is solidified and demolded, maintaining and backfilling, manually and carefully backfilling the periphery of the pipeline, and compacting to the density of the dam body at the periphery; if the part of the dam body is located in the fine material part of the dam body, backfilling the original dam material; if the part of the granular material is positioned in the dam body, backfilling and compacting in a reverse filtering mode; wherein the periphery close to the instrument and equipment is densely filled with fine granules; and backfilling the dam by 1.8m above the top surface of the instrument, so that the normal construction and filling of the dam can be carried out.
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| CN112556640A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 杨锡武 | Testing arrangement that high fill road bed or earth and rockfill dam layered settlement |
| CN112595287A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 淮南冠东信息科技有限公司 | Stratum settlement monitoring equipment |
| CN112982357A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-06-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Foundation layered settlement monitoring device and assembly method thereof |
| CN114777733A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-07-22 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Installation method of electromagnetic settling tube sensor of dam body of concrete panel rock-fill dam |
| CN115450267A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-12-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团勘测设计有限公司 | Earth and rock dam settling pipe relay installation and embedding structure and method thereof |
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| CN112595287A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 淮南冠东信息科技有限公司 | Stratum settlement monitoring equipment |
| CN112556640A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 杨锡武 | Testing arrangement that high fill road bed or earth and rockfill dam layered settlement |
| CN112982357A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-06-18 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Foundation layered settlement monitoring device and assembly method thereof |
| CN112982357B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-01-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Foundation layered settlement monitoring device and assembly method thereof |
| CN115450267A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-12-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团勘测设计有限公司 | Earth and rock dam settling pipe relay installation and embedding structure and method thereof |
| CN115450267B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-10-27 | 中国葛洲坝集团勘测设计有限公司 | Relay installation and burying structure and method for earth-rock dam settling tube |
| CN114777733A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-07-22 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Installation method of electromagnetic settling tube sensor of dam body of concrete panel rock-fill dam |
| CN114777733B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-10-18 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Installation method of electromagnetic settling tube sensor of dam body of concrete panel rock-fill dam |
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