CN110847889A - Hydraulic fracturing test system and test method - Google Patents

Hydraulic fracturing test system and test method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110847889A
CN110847889A CN201911142833.0A CN201911142833A CN110847889A CN 110847889 A CN110847889 A CN 110847889A CN 201911142833 A CN201911142833 A CN 201911142833A CN 110847889 A CN110847889 A CN 110847889A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fracturing
movable plunger
channel
inner hole
pressure
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Pending
Application number
CN201911142833.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王公忠
刘闯
寿先淑
王笑笑
董学明
赵双
李辰
郑岩
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Henan Institute of Engineering
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Henan Institute of Engineering
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Publication date
Application filed by Henan Institute of Engineering filed Critical Henan Institute of Engineering
Priority to CN201911142833.0A priority Critical patent/CN110847889A/en
Publication of CN110847889A publication Critical patent/CN110847889A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Abstract

The invention provides a hydraulic fracturing test system, which comprises: the device comprises a data acquisition device, a high-pressure pump, a flowmeter, an energy accumulator, a pressure sensor, a high-pressure pipe and a fracturing piece, wherein the fracturing piece is arranged on a roadway top plate through an installation frame at the bottom of the fracturing piece; the fracturing piece comprises a packer, a central rod, a drill rod, a movable plunger and an outer barrel, the movable plunger is arranged in the outer barrel and extends out from the upper end to be connected to the lower end of the drill rod, an inner hole of the movable plunger is communicated with an inner hole of the drill rod for water inflow, the central rod is connected below the outer barrel, and the packer is sleeved outside the central rod; the fracturing channels comprise a first fracturing channel and a second fracturing channel, the two channels are in transition through an arc section, and the caliber of the second fracturing channel is smaller than that of the first fracturing channel; the other end of the high-pressure pipe extends into the inner hole of the movable plunger. The whole pressurizing system has the advantages of good sealing performance, no liquid leakage, simple single test operation, short time, low cost, high test success rate and high efficiency.

Description

Hydraulic fracturing test system and test method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a hydrofracturing test system and a test method for detecting ground stress during coal mining.
Background
In coal mining, the ground stress is the fundamental acting force which causes the phenomena of surrounding rock, support deformation and damage and mine power generation of coal mine engineering. In coal mining, the type of rock mass stress state and the characteristics of crustal stress action are mastered according to different structural parts and engineering geological conditions of an engineering, so that technical measures for preventing mine dynamic phenomena can be reasonably and effectively taken, and the relative stability of a roadway and the production safety are ensured. At present, a hydraulic fracturing device is mainly used in the field of petroleum and coal bed gas development and applied to coal mining, and is complex in single test operation, long in time and high in cost in the face of large rock samples, and due to the limitation of the structure, the hydraulic fracturing device is very easy to leak, so that the test fails. Therefore, improvement thereof is urgently required.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hydraulic fracturing test system and a test method.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a hydraulic fracturing testing system comprising: the device comprises a data acquisition unit, a high-pressure pump, a flowmeter, an energy accumulator, a pressure sensor, a high-pressure pipe and a fracturing piece, wherein the fracturing piece is arranged on a roadway top plate through an installation frame at the bottom of the fracturing piece;
the fracturing piece comprises a packer, a central rod, a drill rod, a movable plunger and an outer barrel, the movable plunger is arranged in the outer barrel and extends out from the upper end to be connected to the lower end of the drill rod, an inner hole of the movable plunger is communicated with an inner hole of the drill rod for water inflow, the central rod is connected below the outer barrel, and the packer is sleeved outside the central rod; the movable plunger is provided with an upper station, a middle station and a lower station in a plunger sliding cavity of the outer barrel, and when the movable plunger is positioned at the upper station, an inner hole of the movable plunger is connected with an inner cavity of the packer through a packing channel in the outer barrel; when the movable plunger is positioned at the middle station, the inner hole of the movable plunger is connected with a water drainage hole on the outer barrel; when the movable plunger is positioned at a lower station, an inner hole of the movable plunger is connected with an inner hole of the central rod through a fracturing channel in the outer barrel, the inner hole of the central rod is communicated with a fracturing section through a water outlet, the fracturing channel comprises a first fracturing channel and a second fracturing channel which are vertically arranged, the first fracturing channel and the second fracturing channel are in transition through an arc section, and the caliber of the second fracturing channel is smaller than that of the first fracturing channel;
the other end of the high-pressure pipe stretches into an inner hole of the movable plunger, the movable plunger is fixed at the upper end of the drill rod through a fixing nut, and the lower end of the drill rod is provided with a mounting frame.
Preferably, a first exhaust hole and a second exhaust hole are respectively formed in two ends of a plunger sliding cavity of the outer barrel, and the packing channel is connected with an inner cavity of the packer through a high-pressure rubber pipe.
More preferably, the upper, middle and lower stations and the upper and lower ends are respectively provided with a sealing ring.
Most preferably, the mounting frame comprises at least two fixing plates, the fixing plates are sleeved on the periphery of the lower end of the drill rod through a connecting ring, and a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the fixing plates.
The invention also provides a hydraulic fracturing test method, wherein a fracturing piece of the hydraulic fracturing test system extends into a drilled hole and is fixed on a roadway top plate through an installation frame, then high-pressure water is injected through a high-pressure pump and an energy accumulator, high-pressure water is injected into a rock hole between packers until surrounding rock is fractured, the high-pressure pump is closed to close the fracture, then a data acquisition unit is used for acquiring data, the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress are obtained after analysis and calculation, and the fracturing direction is the horizontal main stress direction.
Compared with the prior art, the single-loop structure is adopted, the packer and the fracturing section are respectively pressurized by the aid of the independent drill rod, the whole pressurizing system is good in sealing performance and free of liquid leakage, single test is simple to operate, short in time and low in cost, and the test success rate and the efficiency are high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fracturing element of fig. 1.
In the figure:
1. a data acquisition unit; 2. a high pressure pump; 3. a flow meter; 4. an energy storage device; 5. a pressure sensor; 6. a mounting frame; 7. a high pressure pipe; 8. a roadway roof; 9. a fracturing element; 91. a packer; 911. sealing the channel; 92. a water outlet; 921. a first fracture channel; 922. a second fracture channel; 93. a center pole; 94. a high-pressure rubber hose; 95. a drill stem; 951. fixing a nut; 96. a movable plunger; 961. a first seal ring; 962. a second seal ring; 963. a third seal ring; 964. a fourth seal ring; 97. an outer cylinder; 971. a second vent hole; 98. a water drain hole; 99. a first exhaust hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2 together: a hydraulic fracturing testing system comprising: the device comprises a data collector 1, a high-pressure pump 2, a flowmeter 3, an energy accumulator 4, a pressure sensor 5, a high-pressure pipe 7 and a fracturing piece 9, wherein the fracturing piece 9 is installed on a roadway roof 8 through an installation frame 6 at the bottom of the fracturing piece 9, one end of the high-pressure pipe 7 is connected with the energy accumulator 4, the energy accumulator 4 is connected with the data collector 1 through the pressure sensor 5, the energy accumulator 4 is connected with the high-pressure pump 2 through a pipeline, and the flowmeter 3 is arranged on the pipeline;
the fracturing element 9 comprises a packer 91, a central rod 93, a drill stem 95, a movable plunger 96 and an outer barrel 97, wherein the movable plunger 96 is arranged in the outer barrel 7 and extends out from the upper end to be connected with the lower end of the drill stem 95, an inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is communicated with an inner hole of the drill stem 95 for water inflow, the central rod 93 is connected below the outer barrel 97 and is sleeved with the packer 91; the movable plunger 96 is provided with an upper station, a middle station and a lower station in the plunger sliding cavity of the outer cylinder 97, and when the movable plunger 96 is positioned at the upper station, the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with the inner cavity of the packer 91 through a packing channel 911 in the outer cylinder 97; when the movable plunger 96 is positioned at the middle station, the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with the drainage hole 98 on the outer cylinder 97; when the movable plunger 96 is positioned at a lower station, the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with the inner hole of the central rod 93 through a fracturing channel in the outer barrel 7, the inner hole of the central rod 93 is communicated with a fracturing section through the water outlet 92, the fracturing channel comprises a first fracturing channel 921 and a second fracturing channel 922 which are vertically arranged, the first fracturing channel 921 and the second fracturing channel 922 are in transition through an arc section, and the caliber of the second fracturing channel 922 is smaller than that of the first fracturing channel 921;
the other end of the high-pressure pipe 7 stretches into an inner hole of the movable plunger 96, the movable plunger 96 is fixed at the upper end of the drill rod 95 through a fixing nut 951, and the lower end of the drill rod 95 is provided with the mounting frame 6.
With the fracturing piece 9 of above-mentioned hydraulic fracturing test system stretch into the drilling of beating and be fixed in tunnel roof 8 through mounting bracket 6 in, later adopt to pour into the high pressure water through high-pressure pump 2 and accumulator 4, carry out high-pressure water injection to the rock bore between packer 91, until the country rock fracturing, concrete process is: the movable plunger 96 is arranged at the upper end of the plunger sliding cavity, the movable plunger 96 is positioned at an upper station, the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with the inner cavity of the packer 91 through a packing channel 911 in the outer cylinder 97, and the packing channel 911 is connected with the inner cavity of the packer 91 through a high-pressure rubber pipe 94; high-pressure water in the drill rod 95 is injected into the packer 91 through the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 and the flow guide hole of the sealing channel 911 in the outer cylinder 97 by the high-pressure rubber pipe 94 to realize pressurization on the packer 91; an upper section and a lower section are adopted, and the packer 91 is expanded to seal and separate the section of hole into a section of fracturing section; when the movable plunger 96 is positioned in the middle of the plunger sliding cavity, the movable plunger 96 is positioned at a middle station, and an inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with a water drainage hole 98 on the outer cylinder 97; the high-pressure water in the drill rod 95 is communicated with the water drainage hole 98 through the inner hole of the movable plunger 96, so that the water in the drill rod 95 is discharged; the movable plunger 96 is arranged at the lower end of the plunger sliding cavity, the movable plunger 96 is positioned at a lower station, an inner hole of the movable plunger 96 is connected with an inner hole of the central rod 93 through a fracturing channel in the outer barrel 97, and the inner hole of the central rod 93 is communicated with a fracturing section through the water outlet 92. High-pressure water in the drill rod 94 95 is injected into the inner hole of the central rod 93 through the inner hole of the movable plunger 96 through the flow guide hole of the fracturing channel in the outer barrel 97 and then injected into the fracturing section through the water outlet 92, so that the pressurized fracturing of the fracturing section is realized. Because the first fracturing channel 921 and the second fracturing channel 922 are in transition through the arc section and the caliber of the second fracturing channel 922 is smaller than that of the first fracturing channel 921, high-pressure water enters the fracturing section after being accelerated again in the plunger sliding cavity, so that the fracturing time is short, and the testing efficiency is improved. In the process, the pressure sensor 5 is used for measuring the variation process of the water injection pressure to obtain the fracture pressure, the re-expansion pressure and the closing pressure of the fractured fractures, and further the magnitude values of the maximum and minimum main stresses of the measured depth section level are obtained. And then, closing the high-pressure pump 2 to close the crack, then collecting data by using the data collector 1, and obtaining the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress after analyzing and calculating, wherein the fracturing direction is the horizontal main stress direction.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plunger sliding chamber of the outer cylinder 97 is provided with a first exhaust hole 99 and a second exhaust hole 971 at two ends thereof, and the packing passage 911 is connected to the inner cavity of the packer 91 through a high pressure hose 94. The arrangement of the first vent hole 99 and the second vent hole 971 can ensure that the movable plunger 96 can move up and down flexibly, and can discharge the gas at the blind end of the plunger sliding cavity in time.
As a preferred technical solution, in another embodiment of the present invention, sealing rings are respectively disposed between the upper, middle and lower stations and at the upper and lower ends thereof, and the sealing rings include: first sealing washer 961, second sealing washer 962, third sealing washer 963, fourth sealing washer 964, the leakproofness of plunger sliding chamber has been guaranteed in the setting of each sealing washer, has further improved and has sent and split efficiency.
As a preferred technical solution, in another embodiment of the present invention, the mounting frame 6 includes at least two fixing plates, the fixing plates are sleeved on the outer circumference of the lower end of the drill rod 95 through a connecting ring, and a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the fixing plates. The fixed plate is fixedly connected with the connecting ring, the connecting ring is sleeved on the periphery of the lower end of the connecting ring 95, a groove for placing the connecting ring is formed in the periphery, then the fixed plate is fixedly connected with the roadway top plate 8 through a fixing piece, and the fixation of the fracturing piece 9 is achieved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A hydraulic fracturing test system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a data acquisition unit (1), a high-pressure pump (2), a flowmeter (3), an energy accumulator (4), a pressure sensor (5), a high-pressure pipe (7) and a fracturing piece (9), wherein the fracturing piece (9) is installed on a roadway top plate (8) through an installation frame (6) at the bottom of the fracturing piece, one end of the high-pressure pipe (7) is connected with the energy accumulator (4), the energy accumulator (4) is connected with the data acquisition unit (1) through the pressure sensor (5), the energy accumulator (4) is connected with the high-pressure pump (2) through a pipeline, and the flowmeter (3) is arranged on the pipeline;
the fracturing piece (9) comprises a packer (91), a central rod (93), a drill rod (95), a movable plunger (96) and an outer barrel (97), the movable plunger (96) is arranged in the outer barrel (7) and extends out of the upper end to be connected to the lower end of the drill rod (95), an inner hole of the movable plunger (96) is communicated with an inner hole of the drill rod (95) for water inflow, the central rod (93) is connected below the outer barrel (97) and sleeved with the packer (91); the movable plunger (96) is provided with an upper station, a middle station and a lower station in a plunger sliding cavity of the outer cylinder (97), and when the movable plunger (96) is positioned at the upper station, an inner hole of the movable plunger (96) is connected with an inner cavity of the packer (91) through a packing channel (911) in the outer cylinder (97); when the movable plunger (96) is positioned at the middle station, the inner hole of the movable plunger (96) is connected with a water drainage hole (98) on the outer cylinder (97); when the movable plunger (96) is positioned at a lower station, the inner hole of the movable plunger (96) is connected with the inner hole of the central rod (93) through a fracturing channel in the outer barrel (7), the inner hole of the central rod (93) is communicated with a fracturing section through the water outlet (92), the fracturing channel comprises a first fracturing channel (921) and a second fracturing channel (922) which are vertically arranged, the first fracturing channel (921) and the second fracturing channel (922) are transited through an arc section, and the caliber of the second fracturing channel (922) is smaller than that of the first fracturing channel (921);
the other end of the high-pressure pipe (7) extends into an inner hole of the movable plunger (96), the movable plunger (96) is fixed at the upper end of the drill rod (95) through a fixing nut (951), and the lower end of the drill rod (95) is provided with a mounting frame (6).
2. The hydraulic fracturing test system of claim 1, wherein: two ends of the plunger sliding cavity of the outer cylinder (97) are respectively provided with a first exhaust hole (99) and a second exhaust hole (971), and the packing channel (911) is connected with the inner cavity of the packer (91) through a high-pressure rubber pipe (94).
3. The hydraulic fracturing test system of claim 1, wherein: and sealing rings are respectively arranged between the upper station, the middle station and the lower station and at the upper end and the lower end.
4. The hydraulic fracturing test system of claim 1, wherein: mounting bracket (6) include two at least fixed plates, drilling rod (95) lower extreme periphery is located through a connecting ring cover to the fixed plate, be equipped with a plurality of fixed orifices on the fixed plate.
5. A hydraulic fracturing test method is characterized in that: the hydraulic fracturing test system comprises a fracturing piece (9) of the hydraulic fracturing test system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a drilled hole is stretched into the drilled hole and fixed on a roadway top plate (8) through a mounting frame (6), then high-pressure water is injected through a high-pressure pump (2) and an energy accumulator (4) to perform high-pressure water injection on rock holes between packers (91) until surrounding rock is fractured, the high-pressure pump (2) is closed to close cracks, then data is collected through a data collector (1), the maximum horizontal main stress and the minimum horizontal main stress can be obtained after analysis and calculation, and the fracturing direction is the horizontal main stress direction.
CN201911142833.0A 2019-11-20 2019-11-20 Hydraulic fracturing test system and test method Pending CN110847889A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112727427A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-30 东北大学 Controllable shock wave and gas fracturing combined fracturing yield increasing device and method
CN113218773A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-06 赵雅清 Hydrofracturing stress detection device

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Cited By (3)

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CN112727427A (en) * 2021-01-13 2021-04-30 东北大学 Controllable shock wave and gas fracturing combined fracturing yield increasing device and method
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CN113218773A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-06 赵雅清 Hydrofracturing stress detection device

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