CN110836239A - Nonlinear air spring and transverse stiffness design method thereof - Google Patents
Nonlinear air spring and transverse stiffness design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110836239A CN110836239A CN201911095409.5A CN201911095409A CN110836239A CN 110836239 A CN110836239 A CN 110836239A CN 201911095409 A CN201911095409 A CN 201911095409A CN 110836239 A CN110836239 A CN 110836239A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/002—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising at least one fluid spring
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Abstract
The nonlinear air spring comprises an upper cover plate, a support plate coaxially arranged below the upper cover plate, an air bag with an upper seam and a lower seam which are respectively arranged on the upper cover plate and the support plate, an annular rubber stack coaxially adhered to the bottom of the support plate and a wear plate fixed on the top surface of the support plate, wherein a limiting bulge with a downward bulge extending into an inner cavity of the annular rubber stack is arranged at the center of the support plate, a limiting stop with an upward bulge is arranged at the center of a bottom plate of the annular rubber stack, the top surface of the limiting stop is a groove-shaped limiting groove, and the limiting bulge extends into the limiting groove along the central axis and is not in contact with the limiting groove. The invention realizes three-level transverse nonlinear rigidity, better adapts to various circuit conditions and ensures the safety requirement of vehicles. The invention also provides a transverse rigidity design method of the nonlinear air spring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nonlinear air spring and a transverse rigidity design method thereof, and belongs to the field of air springs.
Background
An air spring is a device having functions of supporting, buffering, height adjusting, angle adjusting, and the like, and is widely used in commercial vehicles, buses, rail vehicles, and the like. The air spring for the rail transit comprises an air bag and an auxiliary spring, wherein the auxiliary spring is provided with a supporting air bag, avoids interference, meets the operation requirement of the air bag when no air exists and ensures that a vehicle can also run when no air exists
The operation can be safe. When a train passes through a curve track at a high speed, the vibration amplitude applied to the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the train is different, the vibration amplitude applied to the left-right direction of the train is generally larger, and the rigidity of the air spring with the common structure in all directions is basically consistent, so that the rigidity of the train in the left-right direction is insufficient when the train passes through the curve track at the high speed. When the vehicle passes through a curve, a large centrifugal force is generated, the vehicle body deviates laterally, and the comfort of passengers is reduced. In order to reduce the large lateral offset generated by centrifugal force when a vehicle passes a curve, the prior art is to arrange a lateral hard stop inside an air spring, when the lateral offset exceeds a hard stop gap, the lateral stiffness of the air spring is obviously increased, the lateral offset increasing speed of the vehicle is reduced, and therefore the comfort of passengers is improved. However, only two-stage transverse rigidity can be realized through the hard stop, the requirements of different circuits cannot be well met, impact force can be generated during the operation of the hard stop, the surface of the hard stop can be seriously abraded, and the impact force can easily cause the looseness of the connecting part. How to better adapt to the requirements of different lines, further improving the transverse rigidity of the air spring and reducing the transverse displacement of a train passing through a smaller curve is the research and development aim of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The nonlinear air spring and the design method of the transverse rigidity thereof provided by the invention realize three-level transverse nonlinear rigidity, better adapt to various circuit conditions, provide the minimum one-level transverse rigidity during linear operation so as to meet the requirement of stability during high-speed operation, provide the second-level transverse rigidity during a larger curve so as to meet the requirement of comfort of passengers, and provide the three-level transverse rigidity during a smaller curve so as to ensure the requirement of safety of a vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the nonlinear air spring comprises an upper cover plate, a support plate coaxially arranged below the upper cover plate, an air bag with an upper seam and a lower seam which are respectively arranged on the upper cover plate and the support plate, an annular rubber stack coaxially adhered to the bottom of the support plate and a wear plate fixed on the top surface of the support plate, wherein a limiting bulge with a downward bulge extending into an inner cavity of the annular rubber stack is arranged at the center of the support plate, a limiting stop with an upward bulge is arranged at the center of a bottom plate of the annular rubber stack, the top surface of the limiting stop is a groove-shaped limiting groove, and the limiting bulge extends into the limiting groove along the central axis and is not in contact with the limiting groove.
Preferably, the elastic stopper is a metal rubber element sleeved on the limiting protrusion, and comprises a rubber layer and an outer sleeve layer bonded on the periphery of the rubber layer in a vulcanization mode, the limiting protrusion is used for installing the elastic stopper and is in an inverted convex shape and provided with a radial annular plane, the elastic stopper is arranged below the annular plane and is axially separated from the annular plane without contact, the limiting groove is a U-shaped groove in the left-right direction of the air spring, and an opening communicating structure is formed in the front-back direction of the air spring.
Preferably, the radial thickness of the rubber layer is larger than the radial width of the annular plane, the elastic stop is sleeved with the limiting bulge through the inner sleeve layer, the inner sleeve layer is vulcanized and bonded on the inner wall of the rubber layer and sleeved on the limiting bulge, or the elastic stop is sleeved with the limiting bulge through the vulcanization bonding of the rubber layer and the limiting bulge.
Preferably, the radial distance between the elastic stop and the limiting groove is S1, through holes are formed in the rubber layer along the axial direction, the number of the through holes is two, the through holes are distributed in a bilateral symmetry mode, the minimum radial width of each through hole is S2, and S1 is not less than S2.
Preferably, the through-hole be circular-arc along circumference, and include middle circular arc portion and UNICOM at the tip at middle circular arc portion both ends, the radial width of tip is greater than the radial width of middle circular arc portion.
Preferably, the inner sleeve layer is provided with a lug at a position radially aligned with the middle circular arc part, the radial thickness of the lug is greater than that of other parts of the inner sleeve layer, the end parts of the lug are recessed inwards, the lug is positioned between the two end parts of the through hole and is in a circular arc shape along the circumferential direction, and the lug is radially separated from the middle circular arc part. Preferably, the outer sleeve layer is a wear-resistant layer braked by a wear-resistant material.
According to the method for designing the transverse rigidity of the nonlinear air spring, the inflation quantity of the air bag and the rigidity of the annular rubber pile are designed according to the requirement of the transverse rigidity of the air spring, so that the primary transverse rigidity of the air spring is adjusted; designing the axial position of the elastic stop and the radial clearance between the elastic stop and the limiting groove to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring so as to adjust the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring; the structure of the elastic stop is designed to adjust the secondary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring, so that the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring is adjusted.
Preferably, "designing the axial position of the elastic stopper and the radial gap between the elastic stopper and the limiting groove to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring so as to adjust the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring" means designing the radial distance between the elastic stopper and the limiting groove to be a value of S1 so as to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point position of the air spring, designing the axial height of the elastic stopper and the axial position on the limiting protrusion so as to adjust the stiffness value of the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring, thereby adjusting the secondary stiffness of the air spring.
Preferably, "designing the structure of the elastic stopper to adjust the inflection point of the secondary variable stiffness of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring" means designing the radial thickness and the circumferential length of the lug and the minimum radial width S2 of the through hole so as to adjust the position and the stiffness value of the inflection point of the secondary variable stiffness of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary stiffness of the air spring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the nonlinear air spring, the elastic stop is sleeved on the limiting protrusion, the elastic stop extends into the limiting groove and is not in contact with the limiting groove, when a vehicle runs on a straight line, the transverse deformation is realized by the air bag and the annular rubber pile together, the transverse rigidity is lower and is a first-level transverse rigidity, and the lower transverse rigidity can guarantee the dynamic requirement of the vehicle on the high-speed running on the line; when a vehicle operates on a curve, the transverse displacement is increased, so that the clearance between the elastic stop and the limiting groove is changed to zero, the elastic stop and the limiting groove are contacted to form primary variable stiffness, the annular rubber pile does not deform in the transverse direction, the air bag and the elastic stop continue to deform in the transverse direction to form secondary transverse stiffness, the transverse stiffness is increased, the transverse displacement can be effectively reduced, and the comfort level of passengers is improved; when a vehicle passes through a small curve, the elastic stop is transversely compressed and deformed, when the transverse compression deformation displacement of the elastic stop reaches the maximum value, the elastic stop is not transversely deformed any more, the airbag bears subsequent deformation to form three-level transverse rigidity so as to ensure the safety of the vehicle, the three-level transverse nonlinear rigidity is realized, various line conditions are better adapted, the minimum one-level transverse rigidity is provided during linear running so as to meet the requirement of stability during high-speed running, the second-level transverse rigidity is provided during an excessively large curve so as to meet the requirement of comfort of passengers, and the third-level transverse rigidity is provided during an excessively small curve so as to ensure the requirement of safety of the vehicle.
The elastic stop is provided with the holes in the rubber layer, the transverse rigidity of the elastic stop is adjusted by designing the shape and size of the holes, the rubber flows to the positions of the holes in the compression deformation process of the elastic stop, the hole clearance is gradually reduced to zero, the secondary variable rigidity of the air spring is realized when the hole clearance is reduced to zero, the value of the tertiary rigidity of the air spring is adjusted by designing the position and the rigidity value of a eight point of the secondary variable rigidity, the requirements of different lines are better adapted, and the vehicle safety under a small curve is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a non-linear air spring of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the combination of the support plate and the annular rubber pile.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the limiting protrusion.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the resilient stop.
Fig. 5 is a combined sectional view of the limiting groove and the elastic stopper.
FIG. 6 is a graph of stiffness change from a primary lateral stiffness to a secondary lateral stiffness of a non-linear air spring.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
The nonlinear air spring comprises an upper cover plate 1, a support plate 2 coaxially arranged below the upper cover plate 1, an air bag 3 with an upper seam allowance and a lower seam allowance respectively arranged on the upper cover plate 1 and the support plate 2, an annular rubber stack 4 coaxially bonded at the bottom of the support plate 2 and a wear plate 5 fixed on the top surface of the support plate 2, wherein a limiting bulge 6 protruding downwards and extending into an inner cavity of the annular rubber stack 4 is arranged at the center of the support plate 2, a limiting stop 7 protruding upwards is arranged at the center of a bottom plate of the annular rubber stack 4, the top surface of the limiting stop 7 is in a groove shape to form a limiting groove 71, and the limiting bulge 6 extends into the limiting groove 71 along a central axis and is not in contact with the limiting groove 71.
The non-linear air spring is characterized in that the elastic stop 8 is sleeved on the limiting protrusion 6, the elastic stop 8 extends into the limiting groove 71 and is not in contact with the limiting groove 71, when a vehicle runs on a straight line, the transverse deformation is realized by the air bag 3 and the annular rubber stack 4 together, the transverse rigidity is lower at the moment and is first-level transverse rigidity, and the lower transverse rigidity can ensure the dynamic requirement of the vehicle running on the line at high speed; when a vehicle operates on a curve, the transverse displacement is increased, so that the gap between the elastic stop 8 and the limiting groove 71 is changed to zero, the elastic stop 8 and the limiting groove 71 are contacted to form primary variable stiffness, the annular rubber pile 4 is not deformed in the transverse direction any more, the air bag 3 and the elastic stop 8 continue to deform in the transverse direction to form secondary transverse stiffness, the transverse stiffness is increased, the transverse displacement can be effectively reduced, and the comfort level of passengers is improved; when a vehicle passes through a small curve, the elastic stop 8 generates transverse compression deformation, when the transverse compression deformation displacement of the elastic stop 8 reaches the maximum value, the elastic stop 8 does not transversely deform any more, and the airbag 3 undertakes subsequent deformation to form three-level transverse rigidity, so that the safety of the vehicle is ensured, the three-level transverse nonlinear rigidity is realized, the vehicle can better adapt to various line conditions, when the vehicle runs in a straight line, the minimum transverse rigidity is provided to meet the stability requirement of high-speed running, when the vehicle passes through a large curve, the second-level transverse rigidity is provided to meet the comfort requirement of passengers, and when the vehicle passes through a small curve, the third-level transverse rigidity is provided to ensure the safety requirement of the vehicle.
The elastic stop 8 is a metal rubber element sleeved on the limiting protrusion 6 and comprises a rubber layer 81 and an outer sleeve layer 82 bonded on the periphery of the rubber layer 81 in a vulcanization mode, the position, used for mounting the elastic stop 8, of the limiting protrusion 6 is in an inverted convex shape and is provided with a radial annular plane 61, the elastic stop 8 is arranged below the annular plane 61 and is axially separated from the annular plane 61 without contact, the limiting groove 71 is a U-shaped groove in the left-right direction of the air spring, and an opening communicating structure is formed in the front-back direction of the air spring. The annular plane 61 is axially separated from the elastic stop 8 without contact, so that the rubber layer can flow to the gap between the annular plane and the elastic stop 8 when the elastic stop 8 is compressed and deformed, the elastic stop 8 is effectively compressed, and the transverse rigidity is stably increased. The limiting groove 71 is U-shaped, and the openings in the front and back directions are communicated, so that the limiting protrusion 6 is enabled to move along with the deformation of the air bag in the front and back directions of the air spring, and three-level transverse rigidity can be generated in the left and right directions of the air spring.
The radial thickness of the rubber layer 81 is greater than the radial width of the annular plane 61, the elastic stopper 8 is sleeved with the limiting protrusion 6 through the inner sleeve layer 83, the inner sleeve layer 83 is vulcanized and bonded on the inner wall of the rubber layer 81 and sleeved on the limiting protrusion 6 or the elastic stopper 8 is sleeved with the limiting protrusion 6 through the vulcanization and bonding of the rubber layer 81 and the limiting protrusion 6. The elastic stop 8 can be sleeved with the limiting bulge 6 through the inner sleeve layer 83, can also be directly vulcanized and bonded with the limiting bulge 6 through the rubber layer 81, and the structure of the inner sleeve layer 83 is conveniently designed by adopting the inner sleeve layer 83 so as to meet the requirement of transverse rigidity; and the adoption of the sleeving method of direct vulcanization bonding can effectively avoid the elastic stop 8 and the limiting bulge 6 from loosening.
The radial distance between the elastic stopper 8 and the limiting groove 71 is S1, through holes 81.1 are formed in the rubber layer 81 along the axial direction, the number of the through holes 81.1 is two, the through holes are distributed in bilateral symmetry, the minimum radial width of each through hole 81.1 is S2, and S1 is not less than S2. The X direction in fig. 4 and 5 refers to the left and right direction of the air spring, the Y direction refers to the front and back direction of the air spring, the radial distance between the elastic stop 8 and the limiting groove 71 is S1 to determine the position of the primary variable stiffness of the air spring, the minimum radial width S2 of the through hole 81.1 determines the position of the secondary variable stiffness of the air spring, and the values of S1 and S2 are adjusted to adjust the position of the double transverse variable stiffness eight point, so that the secondary transverse stiffness and the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring are adjusted. S1 is more than or equal to S2, so that the air spring has enough transverse deformation space during linear operation and keeps primary transverse rigidity.
The through hole 81.1 is arc-shaped along the circumferential direction and comprises a middle arc part 81.2 and end parts 81.3 communicated with two ends of the middle arc part 81.2, the radial width of the end part 81.3 is greater than that of the middle arc part 81.2, when the rubber layer 81 is compressed, the width of the middle arc part 81.2 is gradually reduced, the rubber is compressed to flow to the end part 81.3, the radial width of the end part 81.3 is larger, the rubber flow deformation is facilitated, the fatigue resistance of the rubber layer is improved, meanwhile, the transverse rigidity is ensured to be stably increased when the transverse rigidity is not changed, the secondary variable rigidity of the air spring can be adjusted through the design of the through hole 81.1, the radial width of the middle arc part 81.2 in the through hole 81.1 is the minimum radial width of the through hole 81.1, the secondary variable rigidity position of the air spring is adjusted, and therefore the three-stage transverse rigidity of the air spring after the elastic stop 8 is completely.
The inner sleeve layer 83 is provided with a lug 83.1 at a position radially aligned with the middle circular arc part 81.2, the radial thickness of the lug 83.1 is larger than that of the other parts of the inner sleeve layer 83, the end part 81.3 is recessed inwards, the lug 83.1 is positioned between the two end parts 81.3 of the through hole 81.1 and is in a circular arc shape along the circumferential direction, and the lug 83.1 is radially separated from the middle circular arc part 81.2. The secondary transverse rigidity of the air spring can be effectively adjusted by the arrangement of the lug 83.1, and under the condition that the size of the outer sleeve layer 82 is determined, the thickness of a rubber layer between the lug 83.1 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve layer 82 can be adjusted by designing the radial thickness and the circumferential length of the lug 83.1, so that the secondary transverse rigidity of the air spring is adjusted.
The outer layer 82 is a wear-resistant layer made of a wear-resistant material. The wear life of the outer jacket 82 is increased, thereby increasing the service life of the spring stop 8.
According to the method for designing the transverse rigidity of the nonlinear air spring, the inflation quantity of the air bag 3 and the rigidity of the annular rubber stack 4 are designed according to the requirement of the transverse rigidity of the air spring, so that the primary transverse rigidity of the air spring is adjusted; designing the axial position of the elastic stop 8 and the radial gap between the elastic stop 8 and the limiting groove 71 to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring, so as to adjust the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring; the structure of the elastic stop 8 is designed to adjust the secondary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring, so that the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring is adjusted.
As shown in fig. 6, point a is a primary variable stiffness inflection point, point B is a secondary variable stiffness inflection point, point C is an initial point of the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring, a curve from the origin of coordinates to point a is a variation curve of the primary transverse stiffness, a curve from point a to point C is a variation curve of the secondary transverse stiffness, after point C, i.e., after the elastic stopper 8 is completely compressed, the transverse position of the limiting protrusion 6 does not change, the air spring reaches the tertiary transverse stiffness, and the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring can be adjusted by adjusting the stiffness value of point B, i.e., the secondary variable stiffness inflection point.
The 'designing of the axial position of the elastic stopper 8 and the radial gap between the elastic stopper 8 and the limiting groove 71 to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring so as to adjust the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring' means designing the radial distance between the elastic stopper 8 and the limiting groove 71 to be a value of S1 so as to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point position of the air spring, designing the axial height of the elastic stopper 8 and the axial position on the limiting protrusion 6 so as to adjust the stiffness value of the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring so as to adjust the secondary stiffness of the air spring. The radial distance between the elastic stopper 8 and the limiting groove 71 is a value of S1, i.e., an abscissa of a point a in fig. 6, the axial height of the elastic stopper 8 and the axial position on the limiting protrusion 6, i.e., the contact axial length between the elastic stopper 8 and the limiting protrusion 6 is adjusted, so as to adjust the stress of the elastic stopper 8, i.e., adjust an ordinate of the point a, thereby adjusting a first variable stiffness inflection point, i.e., a stiffness value of the point a.
The expression "designing the structure of the elastic stopper 8 to adjust the inflection point of the secondary variable stiffness of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary transverse stiffness of the air spring" means designing the radial thickness and the circumferential length of the lug 83.1 and the minimum radial width S2 of the through hole 81.1 so as to adjust the position and the stiffness value of the inflection point of the secondary variable stiffness of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary stiffness of the air spring. The radial thickness and the circumferential length of the lug 83.1 and the minimum radial width S2 of the through hole 81.1 can be adjusted, namely, the thickness of the rubber between the lug 83.1 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 82 can be adjusted, and the compression amount of the rubber layer during secondary stiffness changing is changed, so that the abscissa and the ordinate of a secondary stiffness changing inflection point, namely, a point B, namely, the stiffness value of the point B are adjusted, so as to adjust the stiffness of the point B, and further, the maximum stiffness value of the elastic stopper 8 after the rubber layer 81 is completely compressed, namely, the stiffness value of the air spring at the initial value of three-level transverse stiffness, namely.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are fully described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nonlinear air spring comprises an upper cover plate (1), a support plate (2) coaxially arranged below the upper cover plate (1), an air bag (3) with an upper seam allowance and a lower seam allowance respectively arranged on the upper cover plate (1) and the support plate (2), an annular rubber stack (4) coaxially bonded at the bottom of the support plate (2) and a wear plate (5) fixed on the top surface of the support plate (2), wherein a limiting bulge (6) protruding downwards is arranged at the central position of the support plate (2) and extends into the inner cavity of the annular rubber stack (4), a limiting stop (7) protruding upwards is arranged at the central position of a bottom plate of the annular rubber stack (4), the top surface of the limiting stop (7) is in a groove shape to form a limiting groove (71), and the limiting bulge (6) extends into the limiting groove (71) along the central axis and is not in contact with the limiting groove (71), and is characterized in that the limiting bulge (6) is, the elastic stop (8) extends into the limiting groove (71) and is not in contact with the limiting groove (71).
2. The non-linear air spring according to claim 1, wherein the elastic stopper (8) is a metal rubber member sleeved on the limit protrusion (6) and comprises a rubber layer (81) and an outer sleeve layer (82) vulcanized and bonded on the periphery of the rubber layer (81), the limit protrusion (6) is in an inverted-convex shape and has a radial annular plane (61), the elastic stopper (8) is arranged below the annular plane (61) and is axially spaced from and not in contact with the annular plane (61), the limit groove (71) is a U-shaped groove along the left-right direction of the air spring, and is in an open-to-open structure along the front-rear direction of the air spring.
3. The non-linear air spring according to claim 2, wherein the radial thickness of the rubber layer (81) is greater than the radial width of the annular flat surface (61), the elastic stopper (8) is fitted with the position-limiting protrusion (6) through the inner sleeve layer (83), the inner sleeve layer (83) is vulcanization-bonded to the inner wall of the rubber layer (81) and fitted over the position-limiting protrusion (6) or the elastic stopper (8) is fitted with the position-limiting protrusion (6) through vulcanization-bonding of the rubber layer (81) and the position-limiting protrusion (6).
4. The non-linear air spring according to claim 3, wherein the radial distance between the elastic stopper (8) and the limiting groove (71) is S1, the rubber layer (81) is provided with through holes (81.1) along the axial direction, the number of the through holes (81.1) is two, the through holes are distributed in a bilateral symmetry manner, the minimum radial width of the through holes (81.1) is S2, and S1 is greater than or equal to S2.
5. The non-linear air spring according to claim 4, wherein the through hole (81.1) is arc-shaped along the circumferential direction, and comprises a middle arc portion (81.2) and end portions (81.3) communicated with both ends of the middle arc portion (81.2), and the radial width of the end portions (81.3) is greater than that of the middle arc portion (81.2).
6. The non-linear air spring according to claim 5, wherein the inner cover layer (83) has a lug (83.1) at a position radially aligned with the intermediate circular arc portion (81.2), the lug (83.1) has a radial thickness greater than that of the other portion of the inner cover layer (83), the end portion (81.3) is recessed inward, the lug (83.1) is located between the two end portions (81.3) of the through hole (81.1) and is circular arc-shaped in the circumferential direction, and the lug (83.1) is radially spaced from the intermediate circular arc portion (81.2).
7. Nonlinear air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer jacket layer (82) is a wear layer braked by a wear resistant material.
8. The method for designing the transverse rigidity of the nonlinear air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inflation quantity of the air bag (3) and the rigidity of the annular rubber pile (4) are designed according to the requirement of the transverse variable rigidity of the air spring, so that the primary transverse rigidity of the air spring is adjusted; designing the axial position of the elastic stop (8) and the radial clearance between the elastic stop (8) and the limiting groove (71) so as to adjust the primary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring and further adjust the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring; the structure of the elastic stop (8) is designed to adjust the secondary variable stiffness inflection point of the air spring, so that the three-level transverse stiffness of the air spring is adjusted.
9. The method for designing the transverse stiffness of the nonlinear air spring according to claim 8, wherein designing the axial position of the elastic stopper (8) and the radial gap between the elastic stopper (8) and the limiting groove (71) to adjust the primary stiffness inflection point of the air spring, thereby adjusting the secondary transverse stiffness of the air spring means designing the radial distance between the elastic stopper (8) and the limiting groove (71) to be a value of S1 to adjust the primary stiffness inflection point position of the air spring, designing the axial height of the elastic stopper (8) and the axial position on the limiting protrusion (6) to adjust the stiffness value of the primary stiffness inflection point of the air spring, thereby adjusting the secondary stiffness of the air spring.
10. The method for designing the transverse rigidity of the nonlinear air spring according to claim 8, wherein the step of designing the structure of the elastic stopper (8) to adjust the inflection point of the secondary variable rigidity of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary transverse rigidity of the air spring means to design the radial thickness and the circumferential length of the lug (83.1) and the minimum radial width S2 of the through hole (81.1) so as to adjust the position and the rigidity value of the inflection point of the secondary variable rigidity of the air spring so as to adjust the tertiary rigidity of the air spring.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111907450A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-11-10 | 安徽雷博机车部件有限公司 | Multiple buffering mechanism for vehicle parts |
| CN114370799A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江兰菱机械股份有限公司 | Spring compression height detection method |
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| CN201090656Y (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-07-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Air spring for automobile |
| CN204871045U (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-16 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Air spring |
| WO2018073860A1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Air spring and bogie |
| CN207470673U (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-08 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of emergent air spring assembly |
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| CN111907450A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-11-10 | 安徽雷博机车部件有限公司 | Multiple buffering mechanism for vehicle parts |
| CN111907450B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-23 | 安徽雷博机车部件有限公司 | Multiple buffering mechanism for vehicle parts |
| CN114370799A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江兰菱机械股份有限公司 | Spring compression height detection method |
| CN114370799B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-28 | 浙江兰菱机械股份有限公司 | Spring pressure and height detection method |
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