CN110835899B - Annular concave wetland waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island and construction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Annular concave wetland waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island and construction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110835899B CN110835899B CN201911157902.5A CN201911157902A CN110835899B CN 110835899 B CN110835899 B CN 110835899B CN 201911157902 A CN201911157902 A CN 201911157902A CN 110835899 B CN110835899 B CN 110835899B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/12—Perches for poultry or birds, e.g. roosts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an annular concave wetland waterfowl inhabiting propagation island and a construction method and application thereof. The bird inhabiting and breeding island is further improved on the basis of the traditional bird inhabiting and breeding island, the bird inhabiting and breeding island which is annular overall and volcano-mouth-like in shape and is concave in the middle area is designed by adopting the local material taking principle, the bird inhabiting and breeding island is low in construction cost, external building materials such as sand stones are not added, the interference and the influence of the external building materials on the bird inhabiting and breeding environment are avoided, good wind sheltering, water storage and isolation places are provided for water birds, the better inhabiting and breeding requirements of the birds are met, and the bird inhabiting and breeding island is green, ecological and environment-friendly and has good practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering and bird conservation, and particularly relates to an annular concave wetland waterfowl inhabiting propagation island and a construction method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The bird island is an important habitat for birds, and is an important place for birds to forage for inhabitation, activities and reproduction. Along with the vigorous development of nature by human beings, the quality of the natural environment is reduced, the living space of birds is reduced sharply, and the migration, survival and multiplication of wild birds are threatened, so that various rare wild birds are endangered. Research results show that the habitat degeneration or destruction of bird habitat is the most serious threat to birds in the threats faced by birds survival, and the global bird population is reduced by 25%. Therefore, restoring the habitat of birds and providing ecological spaces for migration channels, survival and multiplication for the birds are important measures for protecting the birds and are problems to be solved urgently at present.
Taking yellow river delta as an example, the water bird breeding station is located at an important transfer station for bird migration, and millions of water birds are migrated, inhabit and breed in the area every year. Therefore, a considerable number of inhabitation and propagation islands can be constructed to satisfy the condition that the waterfowls migrate, inhabit and propagate in the region. However, the inventor finds that the bird inhabiting and breeding island constructed by the traditional method is generally in a steamed bun shape, is relatively simple in structure, and cannot provide good wind-sheltering, shielding, water-storing and isolating places for water birds.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides an annular concave wetland waterfowl inhabiting propagation island and a construction method and application thereof. The bird inhabiting and breeding island is further improved on the basis of the traditional bird inhabiting and breeding island, the bird inhabiting and breeding island which is annular overall and volcano-mouth-like and is concave in the middle area is designed by adopting the local material taking principle, the bird inhabiting and breeding island is low in construction cost, foreign building materials such as sand stones are not added, the interference and influence of the foreign building materials on the bird inhabiting habitat are avoided, and the bird inhabiting and breeding island is green, ecological and environment-friendly and has good practical application value.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an annular recessed wetland waterfowl perching and breeding island, which is generally annular and crater-like, and has an inner recessed depression formed by recessing the inside of the island, and the inner recessed depression stores fresh water and is covered with water.
Furthermore, the relative elevation of the middle convex part of the aquatic bird inhabiting and breeding island is 0.5-1.0 meter (preferably 0.8 meter) higher than the water level of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
the gradient of the middle bulge part is 1: 5-10 (preferably 1: 7.5); through bellying height and slope in the middle of the control, all form the gentle slope region in both sides, be suitable for and perch at the gentle slope department of different positions at different kinds of birds and breed, especially inboard gentle slope region because of the effect of sheltering from of middle bellying to for birds provide the place of keeping out the wind, more be favorable to birds to breed the life.
Furthermore, the gentle slope areas on the two sides of the middle protruding portion extend to the water bottom, isolation ditches are arranged, a refuge area is provided for fishes in a dry season, and therefore richer fish food resources are provided for birds. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the isolation ditch enables the water area to form a deep water area, so that the external environment is further isolated, and the influence of the landing of human beings and animals (such as the weasel and the like) on the birds is prevented.
Further, the depth of the isolation trench is 1.8-2.5m (preferably 2.0m), and the width is 3.5-5.0m (preferably 4.0 m).
Further, the area of the aquatic bird inhabiting and breeding island is 0.8-1.2 hm2(preferably 1 hm)2) (ii) a The aquatic bird inhabitation breeding island with a proper size is more beneficial to inhabitation and breeding of birds. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the annular waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island ensures that the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island has wide shoreline range, more habitat types and better ecological landscape, and the waterfowl inhabits and breeding island has wide shoreline range, more habitat types and better ecological landscapeFurther promote the inhabitation and breeding of birds.
Furthermore, plant populations are constructed on the waterfowl inhabiting and reproducing island through natural action to form plant natural communities, and plants include but are not limited to reed, suaeda glauca, tamarix chinensis and the like, so that the species abundance is improved, and the habitat requirements of more kinds of birds are met.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing the waterfowl habitat breeding island, the method comprising:
site selection: constructing a waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island in a fresh water or brackish water area with the water depth of 0.5-1.5m above the water level;
constructing a waterfowl inhabiting propagation island: taking soil at the positions of the isolation ditches at the two sides of the design, and accumulating towards the middle to form a middle bulge part with a gentle slope area; at this time, an isolation trench is formed at the soil sampling position. And finishing the construction of the waterfowl inhabiting propagation island.
Further, the site is preferably a strictly protected natural area or a natural place, which is protected from human and other external environmental factors.
Furthermore, the relative elevation of the middle convex part is 0.5-1.0 meter (preferably 0.8 meter) higher than the bottoms of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
further, the depth of the isolation trench is preferably 1.8 to 2.5m (preferably 2.0m), and the width thereof is preferably 3.5 to 5.0m (preferably 4.0 m).
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the aquatic bird inhabiting propagation island in promotion of bird inhabiting propagation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the aquatic bird inhabitation breeding island provided by the invention, through the transformation of the traditional artificial bird island, a good wind-sheltering, shielding, water-storing and isolating place is provided for aquatic birds, the better inhabitation breeding requirement of the birds is met, and the development of ecological conservation is effectively promoted.
(2) The invention adopts the principle of local materials, and accumulates the island in the middle by using the local soil borrowing mode at two sides, so the construction cost is low, and no external building materials such as sand stone and the like are added, thereby being green, ecological and environment-friendly; therefore, the building is easy to construct, the cost is low, the management and the popularization are convenient, and the practical application value is good.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a field of a circular concave waterfowl perching and propagating island in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the propagation of Laribacter nigricans on a circular concave waterfowl roosting propagation island in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the annular concave waterfowl perching and breeding island in example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1 is an outer isolation trench, 2 is a middle protrusion, 3 is an inner isolation trench, and 4 is a concave depression area inside a water cover.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As described above, the bird inhabiting and breeding island constructed by the conventional method is generally steamed bread-shaped, has a relatively simple structure, and cannot provide good wind-sheltering, shielding, water-storing and isolating places for water birds.
In view of the above, in one embodiment of the present invention, an annular recessed wetland waterfowl perching and breeding island is provided, the waterfowl perching and breeding island is generally annular and crater-like, an inner recess is formed in the island, and the inner recess accumulates fresh water and is covered by water.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the relative elevation of the central raised portion of the waterfowl inhabiting and reproducing island is 0.5 to 1.0 meter (preferably 0.8 meter) higher than the water level of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
in another embodiment of the present invention, the slope of the middle convex part is 1:5 to 10 (preferably 1: 7.5); through bellying height and slope in the middle of the control, all form the gentle slope region in both sides, be suitable for and perch at the gentle slope department of different positions at different kinds of birds and breed, especially inboard gentle slope region because of the effect of sheltering from of middle bellying to for birds provide the place of keeping out the wind, more be favorable to birds to breed the life.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, isolation ditches are arranged at positions where the gentle slope areas on both sides of the middle bulge extend to the water bottom, so as to provide refuge areas for fishes in a dry season, and further provide abundant fish food resources for birds. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the isolation ditch enables the water area to form a deep water area, so that the external environment is further isolated, and the influence of the landing of human beings and animals (such as the weasel and the like) on the birds is prevented.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the isolation trench is 1.8 to 2.5m (preferably 2.0m), and the width is 3.5 to 5.0m (preferably 4.0 m).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the area of the waterfowl inhabiting and propagating island is 0.8 to 1.2hm2(preferably 1 hm)2) (ii) a The aquatic bird inhabitation breeding island with a proper size is more beneficial to inhabitation and breeding of birds. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the annular waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island enables the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island to have a wide shoreline range, more habitat types and better ecological landscape, and further promotes the inhabitation and breeding of birds.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the aquatic bird inhabitation propagation island forms a natural community of plants by naturally restoring a population of plants including but not limited to reed, suaeda glauca, tamarisk, etc., thereby contributing to species enrichment and meeting the habitat requirements of more kinds of birds.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing the waterfowl habitat breeding island, the method comprising:
site selection: constructing a waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island in a fresh water or brackish water area with the water depth of 0.5-1.5m above the water level;
constructing a waterfowl inhabiting propagation island: taking soil at the positions of the isolation ditches at the two sides of the design, and accumulating towards the middle to form a middle bulge part with a gentle slope area; at this time, an isolation trench is formed at the soil sampling position. And finishing the construction of the waterfowl inhabiting propagation island.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the site is preferably a strictly protected natural protection area or a natural protection ground, protected from human and other external environmental factors.
In another embodiment of the invention, the relative elevation of the middle convex part is 0.5-1.0 meter (preferably 0.8 meter) higher than the bottoms of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
in another embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the isolation trench is preferably 1.8-2.5m (preferably 2.0m), and the width is 3.5-5.0m (preferably 4.0 m).
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a use of the aquatic bird habitat breeding island described above for promoting bird habitat breeding.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In 2012, a No. 1 annular concave waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island is built in a Wen stream management station in a natural conservation area, and the area of the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island is about 1.0hm2(as shown in fig. 1).
The waterfowl inhabiting and reproducing island is annular and volcano-mouth-like, an inner concave depression is formed in the island, and fresh water is accumulated in the inner concave depression and is covered by water.
The relative elevation of the middle convex part of the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island is 0.8 m higher than the water level of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island; the gradient of the middle convex part is 1: 7.5; the gentle slope region of middle bellying both sides extends to the bottom of water department and all is provided with the isolation ditch, and the isolation ditch depth of both sides is 2.0m, and the width is 4.0 m.
On the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island, natural recovery plant groups are adopted to form plant natural communities including reed, suaeda salsa and tamarix chinensis, which is beneficial to improving species abundance and meeting habitat requirements of more kinds of birds.
The construction method of the waterfowl inhabiting propagation island comprises the following steps: taking soil at the positions of the isolation ditches at the two sides of the design, and accumulating towards the middle to form a middle bulge part with a gentle slope area; at the moment, an isolation ditch is formed at the soil sampling position, and the construction of the waterfowl inhabiting propagation island is completed.
From 2015, black gull breeding nests are counted in the island, and the number of the black gull breeding nests is not less than 500 nests per year (597 nests in 2015; 550 nests in 2016; 518 nests in 2017; 703 nests in 2018); every year, several dozen species of waterfowl, such as geese, ducks, aigrens, cormorant, etc., inhabit therein.
The invention is not the best known technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The annular concave wetland waterfowl perching and breeding island is characterized in that the waterfowl perching and breeding island is annular and volcano-mouth-like in general, an inner concave depression is formed in the island in a concave manner, and fresh water is accumulated in the inner concave depression and is covered by water;
the relative elevation of the middle bulge of the waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island is 0.5-1.0 meter higher than the water level of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
the gradient of the middle bulge part is 1: 5-10;
isolation ditches are arranged at the positions of the gentle slope areas on the two sides of the middle bulge part, which extend to the water bottom;
the depth of the isolation trench is 1.8-2.5m, and the width is 3.5-5.0 m;
and constructing a plant population on the waterfowl inhabiting propagation island through natural restoration to form a plant natural community, wherein the plants comprise reed, suaeda glauca and tamarisk.
2. The annular concave wetland water bird inhabiting and reproducing island as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative elevation of the middle convex part of the water bird inhabiting and reproducing island is 0.8 m higher than the water level of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island.
3. The annular concave wetland waterfowl perching and breeding island according to claim 1, wherein the gradient of the middle convex part is 1: 7.5.
4. The annular recessed wetland waterfowl perching and propagating island according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the isolation trench is 2.0m, and the width of the isolation trench is 4.0 m.
5. The annular recessed wetland aquatic bird inhabiting and propagating island of claim 1, wherein the area of the aquatic bird inhabiting and propagating island is 0.8-1.2 hm2。
6. The annular recessed wetland aquatic bird inhabiting and propagating island of claim 1, wherein the area of the aquatic bird inhabiting and propagating island is 1hm2。
7. The method for constructing an aquatic bird habitat propagation island as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method for constructing comprises:
site selection: constructing a waterfowl inhabiting and breeding island in a fresh water or brackish water area with the water depth of 0.5-1.5m above the water level;
constructing a waterfowl inhabiting propagation island: taking soil at the positions of the isolation ditches at the two sides of the design, and accumulating towards the middle to form a middle bulge part with a gentle slope area; at this time, an isolation trench is formed at the soil sampling position.
8. The method of construction according to claim 7, wherein the site is a strictly protected natural protected area or a natural protected ground;
or the relative elevation of the middle convex part is 0.5-1.0 m higher than the bottoms of the concave depression in the island and the area outside the island;
or the depth of the isolation trench is 1.8-2.5m, and the width is 3.5-5.0 m.
9. The method of construction according to claim 8 wherein the intermediate raised portions are 0.8 meters higher in relative elevation than the inner concavity depressions in the island and the bottom of the area outside the island.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the isolation trench has a depth of 2.0m and a width of 4.0 m.
11. Use of the aquatic bird habitat breeding island of any one of claims 1 to 6 for promoting bird habitat breeding.
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| CN112493202A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会 | Construction method for protecting biodiversity of coastal estuary wetland |
| CN115517197B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-10-31 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Ecological device for constructing bird perch |
| CN115443856B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-02-20 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Construction method of bird habitat of coastal beach wetland |
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