CN110835674B - Forging method of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Forging method of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy and discloses a forging method of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating and insulating an original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium, and then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a first quick-forging billet; (2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating and insulating the first fast forging steel billet, and then carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a second fast forging steel billet; (3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating and insulating the secondary quick-forging steel blank, and then carrying out radial forging to obtain a finished bar; (4) annealing: and air cooling the finished bar, heating, preserving heat and air cooling again. The precipitated phase of the finished product bar of the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel prepared by the method is effectively improved, the microstructure does not contain Laves phase, the content of ferrite in the finished product bar is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the grain size is more than or equal to 5 grade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a forging method of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel.
Background
The tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB vane material for the ultra-supercritical steam turbine unit is added with elements such as Co, W, V, Nb, N, B and the like on the basis of the traditional Cr12 martensitic steel, has good heat strength, higher creep strength and excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance, and is widely used for manufacturing parts such as ultra (supercritical) steam turbine unit vanes, bolts and the like. As a core component of a steam turbine set, the long-term stability of the blades is a necessary condition for ensuring safe production and reducing operational risks. However, the content of Si in the steel is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the content of Al is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, the content of B is 0.010 to 0.025 percent, and the content of Nb is 0.05 to 0.12 percent, so the steel belongs to blade steel which is low in Si and Ai and contains B, Nb elements easy to burn and damage; on the other hand, the material has complex precipitated phases (M23C6 type carbide, MX type carbide (nitride) and Laves are equal), the content of W is 2.40-3.00%, W element belongs to easily segregated element, Laves phase is easily formed, meanwhile, the product performance index requirement is strict (ferrite is less than or equal to 1%, and grain size is more than or equal to 5 level), the control difficulty coefficient of the precipitated phase in the actual production process is large, the distribution of the precipitated phase is not uniform, and the performance of the material is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel is easy to form a Laves phase in the forging process, so that the distribution of precipitated phases is uneven, and the material performance is further influenced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forging a martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium, comprising the steps of:
(1) fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating and insulating an original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium, and then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a first quick-forging billet;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating and insulating the first fast forging steel billet, and then carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a second fast forging steel billet;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating and insulating the secondary quick-forging steel blank, and then carrying out radial forging to obtain a finished bar;
(4) annealing: and air cooling the finished bar, heating, preserving heat and air cooling again.
Preferably, in step (1), the original electroslag ingot of the martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium comprises 0.08 to 0.13 wt% of C, 0.35 to 0.65 wt% of Mn, 0 to 0.1 wt% of Si, 0 to 0.015 wt% of P, 0 to 0.01 wt% of S, 10 to 10.5 wt% of Cr, 0.5 to 0.7 wt% of Ni, 0.1 to 0.4 wt% of Mo, 3 to 3.5 wt% of Co, 2.4 to 3 wt% of W, 0.15 to 0.25 wt% of V, 0.05 to 0.12 wt% of Nb, 0.02 to 0.035 wt% of N, 0.01 to 0.025B, 0 to 0.015 wt% of Al, 0 to 0.05 wt% of Ti and 0 to 0.0035 wt% of O.
Preferably, the original electroslag ingot of the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel also needs to control the content of five harmful components of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi within the following range: less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of As, less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of Sn, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Pb, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Sb and less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Bi.
Preferably, the sum of the total weight of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi is 0.045 wt%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is heated to 1170-1190 ℃ and the holding time is 8-12 h.
Preferably, in step (1), said longitudinal forging comprises controlling the amount of compression to be 40% -60%; and the transverse drawing comprises drawing the first quick forging steel blank to 80-120% of the original electroslag ingot length.
Preferably, in the step (2), the first-time fast forging steel blank is heated to 1170-1190 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, in step (2), said longitudinal forging comprises controlling the amount of compression to be 30-50%; the transverse drawing comprises drawing the secondary quick forging steel billet to 200-450% of the original electroslag ingot length.
Preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), when the longitudinal forging and the transverse drawing are performed, the surface temperature of the first fast forging steel billet and the second fast forging steel billet is controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature of the twice fast-forged steel billet is heated to 1130-.
Preferably, in the step (3), after the radial forging is finished, the surface temperature of the finished bar is controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the cross-sectional dimension of the obtained finished bar is phi 90-phi 220 mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the air cooling temperature of the finished bar is 400-500 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), after the finished bar is air-cooled, the bar is heated to the temperature of 720-750 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 12-16 h.
In the method, the upsetting and drawing process is carried out twice through twice longitudinal forging and twice transverse drawing, so that the grain size of the microstructure of the stainless steel can be refined, and the ferrite content in the stainless steel can be reduced; meanwhile, in the process of finish forging into a material, the surface temperature of the steel billet is controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃ when the radial forging operation is finished, and the precipitation appearance and precipitation amount of precipitated phases in the stainless steel can be effectively controlled. The result shows that the precipitated phase of the finished product bar of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared by the method is effectively improved, the microstructure does not contain Laves phase, meanwhile, the content of ferrite in the finished product bar is less than or equal to 1 percent, and the grain size is more than or equal to 5 grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the microstructure of a finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure photograph of a finished product of the martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 2;
fig. 3 is a microstructure photograph of the finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a forging method of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating and insulating an original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium, and then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a first quick-forging billet;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating and insulating the first fast forging steel billet, and then carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a second fast forging steel billet;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating and insulating the secondary quick-forging steel blank, and then carrying out radial forging to obtain a finished bar;
(4) annealing: and air cooling the finished bar, heating, preserving heat and air cooling again.
In the invention, in the processes of the first quick forging and the second quick forging, two times of upsetting and drawing processes are carried out through two times of longitudinal forging and transverse drawing, so that the grain size of the microstructure of the stainless steel can be refined on one hand; on the other hand, after the first large deformation of upsetting and drawing out, more vacancies exist in the microstructure of the stainless steel, which provides conditions for short-range migration of atoms, so that the short-range diffusion of atoms can be effectively promoted in the heating and heat preservation processes before the subsequent secondary upsetting and drawing out process, thereby reducing the ferrite content in the stainless steel; in the process of finish forging, the steel billet is radially forged, and the surface temperature of the steel billet at the end of the radial forging operation is controlled, so that the precipitation appearance and precipitation amount of precipitated phases (carbides and Laves phases) in the stainless steel are effectively controlled.
In the method of the present invention, in step (1), the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium comprises 0.08-0.13 wt% of C, 0.35-0.65 wt% of Mn, 0-0.1 wt% of Si, 0-0.015 wt% of P, 0-0.01 wt% of S, 10-10.5 wt% of Cr, 0.5-0.7 wt% of Ni, 0.1-0.4 wt% of Mo, 3-3.5 wt% of Co, 2.4-3 wt% of W, 0.15-0.25 wt% of V, 0.05-0.12 wt% of Nb, 0.02-0.035 wt% of N, 0.01-0.025B, 0-0.015 wt% of Al, 0-0.05 wt% of Ti and 0-0.0035 wt% of O.
In order to ensure the performance of the forged stainless steel material, the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is required to control the content of five harmful components of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi within the following range: less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of As, less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of Sn, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Pb, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Sb and less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Bi. Preferably, the sum of the total weight of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi is 0.045 wt%.
In the method, when the first quick forging is carried out by upsetting and drawing, the original electroslag ingot needs to be heated to a proper temperature and kept for a proper time, so that the longitudinal forging and the transverse drawing are facilitated.
In the step (1), heating the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium to 1170-1190 ℃; specifically, for example, 1170 ℃, 1175 ℃, 1180 ℃, 1185 ℃ or 1190 ℃; preferably, the original electroslag ingot of the martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is heated to a temperature of 1180 ℃.
In the step (1), after an original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is heated, the heat preservation time is 8-12 h; specifically, for example, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h, or 12 h; preferably, the heat preservation time is 10 hours after the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is heated.
In the method, during the first quick forging process, the deformation of the billet is controlled through upsetting and drawing out operations, so that the approximately round billet can be obtained.
In the step (1), the longitudinal forging comprises controlling the compression amount to be 40-60%; specifically, the amount of compression of the longitudinal forge can be controlled to 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60%; preferably, the compression amount of the longitudinal forging is controlled to 50%.
In the step (1), the transverse drawing comprises drawing the first quick forging steel blank to 80-120% of the length of the original electroslag ingot; specifically, the first-time fast forging steel billet can be drawn to 80%, 90%, 100%, 110% or 120% of the original electroslag ingot length; preferably, the first quick forging steel billet is drawn to 100% of the original electroslag ingot length in the transverse drawing process.
In the method, when the secondary quick forging is carried out by upsetting and drawing, the primary quick forging steel blank needs to be heated to a proper temperature and kept for a proper time, so that the secondary quick forging is convenient for longitudinal forging and transverse drawing.
In the step (2), the first-time fast forging steel blank is heated to 1170-1190 ℃; specifically, for example, 1170 ℃, 1175 ℃, 1180 ℃, 1185 ℃ or 1190 ℃; preferably, the first flash forged steel blank is heated to a temperature of 1180 ℃.
In the step (2), after the first-time fast forging steel blank is heated, the heat preservation time is 1-3 h; specifically, for example, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, or 3 h; preferably, the heat preservation time is 2 hours after the first quick-forging steel blank is heated.
In the method, in the process of secondary quick forging, through upsetting and drawing-out operation, a steel blank after upsetting is drawn out to the size of a steel blank required by a precision forging unit, and an octagonal blank is obtained.
In the step (2), the longitudinal forging comprises controlling the compression amount to be 30-50%; specifically, the amount of compression of the longitudinal forging may be controlled to be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%; preferably, the compression amount of the longitudinal forging is controlled to 40%.
In the step (2), the transverse drawing comprises drawing the secondary quick forging steel billet to 200-450% of the length of the original electroslag ingot; specifically, the secondary quick forged steel billet can be drawn to 200%, 250%, 300%, 350%, 400% or 450% of the original electroslag ingot length; preferably, the secondary quick forging steel billet is drawn to 300% of the original electroslag ingot length in the transverse drawing process.
In the method, when the quick forging and upsetting operation is carried out twice, the surface temperature of the steel billet needs to be controlled within a proper range, and when the surface temperature of the steel billet is lower than the range, the operation is suspended, and the steel billet is immediately returned to the furnace for heat preservation.
In the step (1) and the step (2), when longitudinal forging and transverse drawing are carried out, the surface temperature of the first fast forging steel billet and the second fast forging steel billet needs to be controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃; preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), when the longitudinal forging and the transverse drawing are carried out, the surface temperature of the first fast forging steel billet and the surface temperature of the second fast forging steel billet need to be controlled to be more than or equal to 903 ℃; more preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), when the longitudinal forging and the transverse drawing are performed, the surface temperature of the first fast forging billet and the second fast forging billet is required to be controlled to be equal to or higher than 908 ℃.
In the method, the heating and heat preservation are needed before the radial forging of the secondary quick-forging steel billet in the process of finish forging into the material. In the step (3), the temperature of the secondary fast forged billet is heated to 1130-; in the step (3), the incubation time is 8 to 12 hours, specifically, for example, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours or 12 hours, and preferably, in the step (3), the incubation time is 10 hours.
In the method, during the finish forging of the material, when the radial forging operation is finished, the surface temperature of the steel billet is controlled within a proper range, and the precipitation appearance and precipitation amount of precipitated phases (carbides and Laves phases) in the steel billet can be effectively controlled.
In the step (3), after the radial forging is finished, controlling the surface temperature of the finished bar to be more than or equal to 900 ℃; preferably, in the step (3), after the radial forging is finished, controlling the surface temperature of the finished bar to be more than or equal to 905 ℃; more preferably, in the step (3), after the radial forging is finished, the surface temperature of the finished bar is controlled to be more than or equal to 910 ℃.
In the step (3), the cross section of the obtained finished bar is phi 90-phi 220 mm; specifically, the cross-sectional dimension of the obtained finished bar can be phi 90mm, phi 100mm, phi 120mm, phi 140mm, phi 160mm, phi 180mm, phi 200mm or phi 220 mm; preferably, the cross-sectional dimension of the resulting finished bar is Φ 150 mm.
In the method, after a steel billet is subjected to precision forging to obtain a finished bar, the finished bar is subjected to air cooling and furnace charging annealing, and the forging of the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel is finished.
In the step (4), the air cooling temperature of the finished bar is 400-; specifically, for example, 400 ℃, 420 ℃, 440 ℃, 460 ℃, 480 ℃ or 500 ℃; preferably, in the step (4), the air cooling temperature of the finished bar is 450 ℃.
In the step (4), after the finished bar is air-cooled, the finished bar is heated to the temperature of 720-750 ℃; specifically, after air cooling, the finished bar may be heated to a temperature of 720 ℃, 725 ℃, 730 ℃, 735 ℃, 740 ℃, 745 ℃ or 750 ℃; preferably, after air cooling the finished rod is heated to a temperature of 735 ℃.
In the step (4), the heat preservation time is 12-16 h; specifically, the heat preservation time can be 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h or 16 h; preferably, the incubation time is 14 h.
In the method, the upsetting and drawing process is carried out twice through twice longitudinal forging and twice transverse drawing, so that the grain size of the microstructure of the stainless steel can be refined, and the ferrite content in the stainless steel can be reduced; meanwhile, in the process of finish forging into a material, the surface temperature of the steel billet is controlled to be more than or equal to 900 ℃ when the radial forging operation is finished, and the precipitation appearance and precipitation amount of precipitated phases in the stainless steel can be effectively controlled.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating an original electroslag ingot (the main chemical components of the original electroslag ingot are shown in table 1) of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel with the cross section diameter of phi 550mm and the height of 1300mm to 1180 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing, upsetting the original electroslag ingot with the height of 1300mm to 700mm, longitudinally pressing down the original electroslag ingot for 600mm, transversely drawing down the original electroslag ingot for 1200mm, drawing down the original electroslag ingot for 92.31 percent of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a first fast forging billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing process, and returning the billet to the furnace for preserving heat when the surface temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 903 ℃;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating the first fast forging steel billet to 1170 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, performing longitudinal forging and transverse drawing again, upsetting 1200mm of first fast forging steel billet to 800mm, longitudinally pressing down for 400mm, transversely drawing out to obtain an octagonal billet with the cross section size of 350mm, drawing out to 246% of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a second fast forging steel billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing process, and keeping the surface temperature of the fast forging steel billet to be not less than 910 ℃;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating a secondary quick-forging steel blank with the cross section size of 350mm to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then carrying out radial forging, and ensuring that the surface temperature of the secondary quick-forging steel blank is more than or equal to 910 ℃ when the radial forging is finished, thereby obtaining a finished bar with the cross section size of phi 220 mm;
(4) annealing: and (3) air-cooling the finished bar with the cross section size of phi 220mm to 450 ℃, heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat for 14h, and air-cooling again to obtain the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel finished product (a microstructure photo is shown in figure 1).
As can be seen from fig. 1, the finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 1 has no chain or aggregated carbides or Laves phases in the 500-fold microstructure.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition/% of raw electroslag ingot in example 1
Example 2
(1) Fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating a tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel original electroslag ingot with the cross section diameter of phi 550mm and the height of 1300mm (the main chemical components of the original electroslag ingot are shown in table 2) to 1170 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing, upsetting the original electroslag ingot with the height of 1300mm to 700mm, longitudinally pressing for 600mm, transversely drawing for 1200mm, drawing for 92.31 percent of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a first quick-forged billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing processes, and returning to the furnace for preserving heat when the surface temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 900 ℃;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating the first fast forging steel billet to 1190 ℃, preserving heat for 1min, performing longitudinal forging and transverse drawing again, upsetting 1200mm of the first fast forging steel billet to 800mm, longitudinally pressing down 400mm, transversely drawing to obtain an octagonal billet with the cross section size of 350mm, drawing to 246% of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a second fast forging steel billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing process, and keeping the surface temperature of the fast forging steel billet to be more than or equal to 902 ℃;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating a secondary quick-forging steel blank with the cross section size of 350mm to 1140 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then carrying out radial forging, and ensuring that the surface temperature of the secondary quick-forging steel blank is more than or equal to 904 ℃ when the radial forging is finished to obtain a finished bar with the cross section size of phi 180 mm;
(4) annealing: and (3) air-cooling the finished bar with the cross section size of phi 180mm to 500 ℃, heating to 740 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, and air-cooling again to obtain the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel finished product (a microstructure photo is shown in figure 2).
As can be seen from fig. 2, the finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 2 has no chain or aggregated carbides or Laves phases in the 500-fold microstructure.
TABLE 2 main chemical composition/% of raw electroslag ingot in example 2
Example 3
(1) Fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating an original electroslag ingot (the main chemical components of the original electroslag ingot are shown in table 1) of tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel with the cross section diameter of phi 550mm and the height of 1300mm to 1190 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing, upsetting the original electroslag ingot with the height of 1300mm to 700mm, longitudinally pressing down the original electroslag ingot for 600mm, transversely drawing down the original electroslag ingot for 1200mm, drawing down the original electroslag ingot for 92.31 percent of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a first fast forging billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing process, and returning the billet to the furnace for preserving heat when the surface temperature of the billet is less than or equal to 908 ℃;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating the first fast forging steel billet to 1180 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, performing longitudinal forging and transverse drawing again, upsetting 1200mm of the first fast forging steel billet to 800mm, longitudinally pressing down the first fast forging steel billet to 400mm, transversely drawing to obtain an octagonal billet with the cross section size of 260mm, drawing to 447 percent of the length of the original electroslag ingot to obtain a second fast forging steel billet, measuring the temperature in the upsetting and drawing process, and keeping the surface temperature of the fast forging steel billet to be not less than 900 ℃;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating a secondary quick forging steel billet with the cross section size of 260mm to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, then carrying out radial forging, and ensuring that the surface temperature of the secondary quick forging steel billet is more than or equal to 900 ℃ when the radial forging is finished, thereby obtaining a finished bar with the cross section size of phi 120 mm;
(4) annealing: and (3) air-cooling the finished bar with the cross section size of phi 120mm to 400 ℃, heating to 720 ℃, preserving the heat for 12h, and air-cooling again to obtain the tungsten-containing high-chromium martensitic stainless steel finished product (a microstructure photo is shown in figure 3).
As can be seen from fig. 3, the finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared in example 3 has no chain or aggregated carbides or Laves phases in the 500-fold microstructure.
TABLE 3 main chemical composition/% of raw electroslag ingot in example 3
Comparative example 1
A finished martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium was prepared by the method of example 3, except that in step (3), the surface temperature of the twice fast forged billet was less than 900 ℃.
Test example
The tungsten-containing high chromium martensitic stainless steel products prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were tested for grain size, ferrite content and Laves phase and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the precipitated phase of the finished bar of the martensitic stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium prepared by the method of the invention is effectively improved, the microstructure is free of Laves phase, meanwhile, the content of ferrite in the finished bar is less than or equal to 1%, and the grain size is more than or equal to grade 5.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for forging martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fast forging and blank making for the first time: heating and insulating an original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium, and then sequentially carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a first quick-forging billet;
(2) and (3) secondary quick forging blank making: heating and insulating the first fast forging steel billet, and then carrying out longitudinal forging and transverse drawing to obtain a second fast forging steel billet;
(3) and (3) precision forging to obtain a material: heating and insulating the secondary quick-forging steel blank, then carrying out radial forging to obtain a finished bar, and controlling the surface temperature of the finished bar to be more than or equal to 900 ℃ after the radial forging is finished;
(4) annealing: and air cooling the finished bar, heating, preserving heat and air cooling again.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium comprises 0.08-0.13 wt% of C, 0.35-0.65 wt% of Mn, 0-0.1 wt% of Si, 0-0.015 wt% of P, 0-0.01 wt% of S, 10-10.5 wt% of Cr, 0.5-0.7 wt% of Ni, 0.1-0.4 wt% of Mo, 3-3.5 wt% of Co, 2.4-3 wt% of W, 0.15-0.25 wt% of V, 0.05-0.12 wt% of Nb, 0.02-0.035 wt% of N, 0.01-0.025B, 0-0.015 wt% of Al, 0-0.05 wt% of Ti and 0-0.0035 wt% of O.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the original electroslag ingot of the martensite stainless steel containing tungsten and high chromium further needs to control the contents of five harmful components of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi in the following ranges: less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of As, less than or equal to 0.02 weight part of Sn, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Pb, less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Sb and less than or equal to 0.01 weight part of Bi.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sum of the total weight of As, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi is 0.045 wt%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the original electroslag ingot of martensite stainless steel with high chromium and tungsten content is heated to 1170-1190 ℃ for 8-12 h.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the longitudinal forging comprises controlling the amount of compression to be 40% -60%; and the transverse drawing comprises drawing the first quick forging steel blank to 80-120% of the original electroslag ingot length.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the first-time rapid forging steel blank is heated to 1170-1190 ℃ for 1-3 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the longitudinal forging comprises controlling the amount of compression to be 30-50%; the transverse drawing comprises drawing the secondary quick forging steel billet to 200-450% of the original electroslag ingot length.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (1) and (2), the surface temperatures of the first and second fast forged steel slabs are controlled to be 900 ℃ or higher when the longitudinal forging and the transverse drawing are performed.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the temperature of the twice fast forged steel billet is heated to 1130-.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the cross-sectional dimension of the resulting finished rod is Φ 90- Φ 220 mm.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air cooling temperature of the finished bar in step (4) is 400-500 ℃.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), after air cooling, the finished rod is heated to a temperature of 720-750 ℃ for a holding time of 12-16 h.
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