CN110829018B - Broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome - Google Patents
Broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome Download PDFInfo
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- CN110829018B CN110829018B CN201911119979.3A CN201911119979A CN110829018B CN 110829018 B CN110829018 B CN 110829018B CN 201911119979 A CN201911119979 A CN 201911119979A CN 110829018 B CN110829018 B CN 110829018B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/42—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of stealth technology and radar antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface antenna housing which is formed by arranging a plurality of basic units in an array mode, wherein each basic unit comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a frequency selective surface layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially arranged. The Chebyshev impedance transformer is formed by symmetrically loading the dielectric layer and the frequency selective surface layer, so that the problems of narrow wave-transmitting frequency band, low wave-transmitting rate and unstable angle of the antenna housing are solved; meanwhile, the frequency selection surface layer is formed by utilizing a metamaterial design principle, basic units are arranged according to a square period, the frequency selection surface layer comprises a miniaturized and sub-wavelength periodic pattern which is uniquely designed, and compared with a multilayer radome loaded with a metal mesh grid, a multilayer metamaterial surface coupling mode and other frequency selection surfaces, the frequency selection surface layer has the advantages of wider high-wave-transmission relative bandwidth, wider angle application range, simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stealth technology and radar antennas, and particularly relates to a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface antenna housing.
Background
In the design of the traditional antenna housing, the frequency band of the antenna housing is narrow (1-3%), and the antenna housing with a single-layer half-wave wall structure easily meets the electrical performance requirement. However, for a broadband radome used in a certain frequency band, a cover wall structure of A, B, C sandwich is commonly used, and the sandwich a structure is composed of a middle core layer (foam or honeycomb structure) with low dielectric constant, low loss and low density and an inner and outer relatively dense thin surface layer (skin). The sandwich structure B consists of two surface layers with low dielectric constant and low density and a more compact sandwich layer; the sandwich structure C (five layers) is formed by combining two sandwich structures A. The most common of these three structures are the a and C sandwich structures, and in addition, the two-layer structure (dense outer skin and foam core layer) is more common, which is a special form of the a sandwich structure lacking an inner skin. The wave-transparent design principle of the antenna housing with the half-wave wall or the multi-layer cover wall is based on electromagnetic wave interference, so that the antenna housing can meet the requirement of high wave-transparent performance only at a specific angle and a characteristic frequency point, in addition, the high wave-transparent requirement antenna housing dielectric material has a very low dielectric constant, and therefore, only foam, foam-like or porous material with a low dielectric constant is adopted as the wave-transparent material, but the strength and mechanical properties of the material are poor, and the single material cannot meet the requirements of mechanics and other properties, so that the multi-layer cover wall structure must be adopted to meet the requirement of frequency bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a solid half-wave wall broadband wide angular frequency selective surface radome with a simple radome wall structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the antenna housing is formed by arranging a plurality of basic units in an array mode, and each basic unit comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a frequency selective surface layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially arranged.
As an improvement, the frequency selection surface layer of each basic unit comprises a solid square metal patch positioned in the center of the basic unit, a square annular metal patch sleeved on the periphery of the solid square metal patch, and four L-shaped metal patches positioned between the inner corner of the square annular metal patch and the outer corner of the solid square metal patch.
Further, the material properties and the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are consistent; the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are symmetrically loaded and form a Chebyshev impedance transformer together with the frequency selective surface layer.
Furthermore, when the antenna housing requires high temperature resistance, the frequency selective surface layer is metalized on the surface of the dielectric layer and then prepared by adopting a laser etching process.
As a further improvement, the second dielectric layer away from the radome outer surface may be omitted when the temperature is 500 degrees celsius or higher.
Preferably, the material of the frequency selective surface layer adopts aluminum or copper;
preferably, when the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, platinum and tungsten are adopted as the material of the frequency selective surface layer.
As a further improvement, when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radar radome, the materials of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer adopt one or more of quartz fiber reinforced cyanate ester prepolymer or quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin and phenolic resin;
the second dielectric layer is made of one or more of polyimide film, polytetrafluoroethylene and FR4 board;
the frequency selective surface layer is prepared by a flexible printed circuit board process.
Further, when the radome is a high-mach-number aircraft radar radome, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are made of one or more of quartz fiber reinforced ceramics, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and quartz ceramic porous core layers.
Furthermore, when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radar radome, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are formed by using an autoclave forming process;
and when the antenna housing is a high-Mach-number aircraft radar antenna housing, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are formed by adopting a fused quartz slip casting sintering forming process.
As a further improvement, the physical thickness d of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is 3-4 mm; the basic unit orthogonal arrangement period T is 4-5 mm, the outer side length T of the square annular pattern is 4-5 mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.1-0.3 mm; the length L1 of the L-shaped pattern arm is 1-2 mm, and the width W2 of the metal wire is 0.1-0.3 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2-3 mm;
the interval S1 between the square annular metal patches and the L-shaped metal patches is 0.1-0.3 mm, the interval S3 between the adjacent L-shaped metal patches is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the interval S2 between the L-shaped metal patches and the solid square metal patches is 0.3-0.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the broadband wide-angle frequency selection surface antenna housing, the dielectric layer is symmetrically loaded, and the frequency selection surface layer and the dielectric layer form a Chebyshev impedance converter, so that the problems of narrow wave-transmitting frequency band, low wave-transmitting rate and unstable angle of the antenna housing are solved; meanwhile, the frequency selection surface layer is formed by utilizing a metamaterial design principle, basic units are arranged according to a square period, the frequency selection surface layer comprises a miniaturized and sub-wavelength periodic pattern which is uniquely designed, and compared with a multilayer radome loaded with a metal mesh grid, a multilayer metamaterial surface coupling mode and other frequency selection surfaces, the frequency selection surface layer has the advantages of wider high-wave-transmission relative bandwidth, wider angle application range, simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cover wall structure of a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface layer and its basic units of a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a basic unit pattern of a frequency selective surface of a wide-band wide-angle frequency selective surface radome according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Chebyshev graded stepped impedance transformer;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wave-transparent curve of a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the wave-transparent curve of the radome with the frequency selective surface layer removed;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent refractive index, an equivalent dielectric constant, and an equivalent magnetic permeability curve of a frequency selective surface radome.
Detailed Description
The following describes a wideband wide-angle frequency selective surface antenna cover provided by the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome, which is formed by arranging a plurality of basic units in an array, where each basic unit includes a first dielectric layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, a frequency selective surface layer 3, and a third dielectric layer 4, which are sequentially disposed. Wherein the second dielectric layer 2 is a supporting dielectric layer, being a metallic supporting layer of the frequency selective surface layer 3.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material properties and thicknesses of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 are consistent; the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 are symmetrically loaded and form a chebyshev impedance transformer together with the frequency selective surface layer 3. As shown in fig. 4, the chebyshev graded-type stepped impedance transformer is the most common technical means for widening the wave-transparent frequency band, and is essentially characterized in that a 1/4 wavelength impedance grading mode is adopted to introduce and guide electromagnetic waves, which is common in the field of optical thin films, and as the wavelength increases, the wavelength reaches the centimeter level in the microwave band, and the 1/4 wavelength impedance grading method is continuously used to transmit the electromagnetic waves, so that the physical thickness of the final structure is too thick to be applied. The radome is designed by symmetrically loading the dielectric medium on two sides of the frequency selective surface layer 3, the wave-transmitting frequency band is widened, the angle stability is improved, and the problems of narrow wave-transmitting frequency band, low wave-transmitting rate and unstable angle of the radome are solved.
As a modification, the frequency selective surface layer 3 of each basic unit comprises a solid square metal patch 8 positioned in the center of the basic unit, a square annular metal patch 6 sleeved on the periphery of the solid square metal patch 8 and four L-shaped metal patches 7 positioned between the inner corner of the square annular metal patch 6 and the outer corner of the solid square metal patch 8.
The metamaterial design principle is that common electric dipole and magnetic dipole models are utilized to carry out combined optimization to obtain a miniaturized electric resonance lattice structure, the optimized electric resonance lattice design theory is not established, the metamaterial design principle is utilized to be more based on experience and the electromagnetic field distribution characteristics of the electric resonance structure, the special frequency selection surface is composed of an L-shaped metal patch 7, a square annular metal patch 6 and a solid square metal patch 8, and finally, the frequency selection surface layer pattern 5 of a basic unit is constructed. As shown in fig. 2-3, the frequency selective surface layer 3 is represented by a 4 × 4 periodic array, and since a sub-wavelength unit period is adopted, the wave-transparent performance of the broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome can be analyzed and calculated by one period unit, S1 represents the gap interval between the "L" -shaped metal patch 7 and the square annular metal patch 6, S2 represents the gap interval between the "L" -shaped metal patch 7 and the solid square metal patch 8, and S3 represents the gap interval between adjacent "L" -shaped metal patches 7.
The frequency selection surface of the invention belongs to a miniaturized sub-wavelength periodic pattern, the size of a periodic unit is less than one fifth of the working wavelength, at the moment, the wave transmission bandwidth of the frequency selection surface is wider, the angle is more stable, and the frequency selection surface and a dielectric layer symmetrically loaded at two sides form a Chebyshev impedance transformer, thereby further widening the wave transmission bandwidth of the antenna housing, improving the high wave transmission angle adaptation range of the antenna housing, and breaking through the conventional antenna housing
The constraint of the electromagnetic wave interference principle solves the problem that the wave can only transmit at a specific frequency point and a specific angle, compared with the inductive periodic surface, the capacitive periodic surface coupling mechanism or the multilayer metal grid couplingThe radome wall structure has the advantages of high wave-transmitting frequency bandwidth, wide angle application range, simple structure, easiness in manufacturing and strong environmental adaptability, and can be used for designing radomes of subsonic aircrafts and high-temperature-resistant radomes for high-Mach flight.
Furthermore, when the antenna housing requires high temperature resistance, the frequency selective surface layer 3 is metalized on the surface of the dielectric layer and then prepared by a laser etching process. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the temperature is 500 degrees celsius or more, the second dielectric layer 2 away from the outer surface of the radome may be ignored.
Further, the material of the frequency selective surface layer 3 includes, but is not limited to, aluminum, copper, gold; as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the frequency selective surface layer 3 includes, but is not limited to, platinum, tungsten when the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃.
As a further improvement, when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radar radome, the materials of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 are one or more of quartz fiber reinforced cyanate ester prepolymer or quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin and phenolic resin;
the material of the second dielectric layer 2 includes but is not limited to one or more of polyimide film or polytetrafluoroethylene, FR4 board;
the frequency selective surface layer 3 is prepared by adopting a flexible printed circuit board process;
when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radome, the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 adopt an autoclave molding process.
Further, when the radome is a high-mach-number aircraft radome, the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 are made of one or more of quartz fiber reinforced ceramics, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and quartz ceramic porous core layers.
When the radome is a high-Mach-number aircraft radar radome, the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 are formed by adopting a fused quartz slip casting sintering molding process.
As a further improvement, the physical thickness d of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 is 3-4 mm;
the basic unit orthogonal arrangement period and the outer side length T of the square annular pattern are 4-5 mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.1-0.3 mm; the length L1 of the L-shaped pattern arm is 1-2 mm, and the width W2 of the metal wire is 0.1-0.3 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2-3 mm;
the interval S1 between the square annular metal patches 6 and the L-shaped metal patches 7 is 0.1-0.3 mm, the interval S3 between the adjacent L-shaped metal patches 7 is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the interval S2 between the L-shaped metal patches 7 and the solid square metal patches 8 is 0.3-0.5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the physical thickness d of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 is 3 mm;
the basic unit orthogonal arrangement period and the outer side length T of the square annular pattern are 4mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.1 mm; the arm length L1 of the L-shaped pattern is 1mm, and the metal line width W2 is 0.1 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2 mm;
the space S1 between the square metal patch 6 and the "L" shaped metal patch 7 is 0.1mm, the space S3 between the adjacent "L" shaped metal patches 7 is 0.1mm, and the space S2 between the "L" shaped metal patch 7 and the solid square metal patch 8 is 0.3 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the physical thickness d of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 is 4 mm;
the basic unit orthogonal arrangement period and the outer side length T of the square annular pattern are 5mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.3 mm; the arm length L1 of the L-shaped pattern is 2mm, and the metal line width W2 is 0.3 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 3 mm;
the space S1 between the square metal patch 6 and the "L" shaped metal patch 7 is 0.3mm, the space S3 between the adjacent "L" shaped metal patches 7 is 0.3mm, and the space S2 between the "L" shaped metal patch 7 and the solid square metal patch 8 is 0.5 mm.
In order to further clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the subsonic aircraft radome is taken as an example in the embodiment, the design requirements are that the frequency bandwidth with the wave transmittance superior to 85% covers 8 GHz-21 GHz, the angle adaptive range is 0-45 degrees, and then the technical index requirements are taken as an example to show how to implement the invention specifically.
First, according to the wide-band wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome wall structure shown in fig. 1, the wave-transmitting materials of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 and the material of the second dielectric layer 2 (i.e., the supporting dielectric layer) are selected, and the wave-transmitting material recommended to be used in the present invention is a quartz fiber reinforced cyanate ester prepolymer having a relative dielectric constant r of 3 and a loss tangent tan of 0.008, and the supporting dielectric material is a polyimide film having a thickness of 0.025mm, having a relative dielectric constant r of 3 and a loss tangent tan of 0.005.
Then, optimizing the geometrical characteristic parameters of the basic unit of the broadband wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome by using CST full-wave analysis software, wherein the sizes of the characteristic parameters are respectively as follows:
the physical thickness d of the first dielectric layer 1 and the third dielectric layer 4 was 3.35 mm;
the period of the orthogonal arrangement of the basic units and the outer side length T of the square annular pattern are 4.5mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.2 mm; the arm length L1 of the L-shaped pattern is 1.55mm, and the metal line width W2 is 0.2 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2.76 mm;
the space S1 between the square metal patch 6 and the "L" shaped metal patch 7 is 0.2mm, the space S3 between the adjacent "L" shaped metal patches 7 is 0.2mm, and the space S2 between the "L" shaped metal patch 7 and the solid square metal patch 8 is 0.37 mm.
The wave transmission curves of the basic unit of the broadband wide-angle and high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome are calculated under vertical irradiation and 45-degree inclined irradiation respectively, and as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen from fig. 5 that the broadband wide-angle and high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome maintains the wave transmission rate of more than 85% at 8 GHz-21 GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 100%, and is far better than the relative bandwidth shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 proves the effect of the frequency selective surface layer 3, when the frequency selective surface is absent, the relative bandwidth of 85% of the wave transmission rate is 48%, and the wave transmission increases with the angle, the frequency point corresponding to the maximum value of the wave transmission rate is continuously changed, and meanwhile, fig. 6 also illustrates that in the radome without the frequency selective surface, the high-wave transmission can be realized only at a specific frequency point and a specific angle. Compared with the metal mesh grid structure antenna housing, the antenna housing has the advantages that the relative bandwidth is about 76% and the relative bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna housing is about 60%, so that the antenna housing is superior to the existing optimal broadband design technology.
Then, the frequency selection surface radome equivalent refractive index, equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent magnetic permeability are inverted by using the S parameter of the basic unit, the result is shown in fig. 7, the equivalent refractive index curve proves that the radome has the property of high wave transmission, the frequency bandwidth of the high wave transmission is judged according to the singular change point of the equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent magnetic permeability, and the low frequency point, the central frequency point and the high frequency point of the wave transmission frequency band can be determined. The equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent magnetic permeability have three intersection points, wherein the intersection points fL is 8GHz, f0 is 13GHz, and fH is 21GHz, and respectively correspond to a low frequency point, a central frequency point, and a high frequency point of a frequency band with wave transmission of 85%, and the relative bandwidth is 100%.
And finally, manufacturing the broadband wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selection surface radome, wherein the manufacturing process flow of the radome follows a standard autoclave molding process and a printed circuit board process.
In order to further clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the invention also takes a high-mach-number aircraft radar antenna cover as an example, and can design a broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface antenna cover with wave transmittance superior to 85%, frequency bandwidth covering 8 GHz-21 GHz and angle range of 0-45 degrees, and the difference from the subsonic embodiment is that:
first, in the wide-band wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome wall structure shown in fig. 1, the supporting dielectric layer is omitted, the frequency selective surface layer 3 is directly fabricated on the surface of the third dielectric layer, and the high-temperature resistant radome wave-transmission material is recommended to use quartz fiber reinforced ceramics, silicon nitride, alumina, a quartz ceramic porous core layer, and the like, and taking the quartz fiber reinforced ceramics as an example, the high-temperature resistant radome wave-transmission material has a relative dielectric constant r of 3.17 and a loss tangent tan of 0.008 within a range of 0 ℃ to 800 ℃.
Then, optimizing the geometrical characteristic parameters of the basic unit of the broadband wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome by using CST full-wave analysis software, wherein the sizes of the characteristic parameters are respectively as follows:
the physical thickness d of the dielectric layers 1 and 4 was 3.27 mm;
the period of the orthogonal arrangement of the basic units and the outer side length T of the square annular pattern are 4.45mm, and the metal width W1 of the square annular pattern is 0.21 mm;
the arm length L1 of the L-shaped pattern is 1.57mm, and the metal line width W2 is 0.22 mm;
the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2.75 mm;
the space S1 between the square metal patch 6 and the "L" shaped metal patch 7 is 0.21mm, the space S3 between the adjacent "L" shaped metal patches 7 is 0.21mm, and the space S2 between the "L" shaped metal patch 7 and the solid square metal patch 8 is 0.36 mm.
The wave-transparent curves of the basic unit of the wide-frequency wide-angle high-wave-transparent frequency selective surface radome are calculated under vertical irradiation and 45-degree inclined irradiation respectively, and the result is also shown in fig. 5. The frequency selection surface radome equivalent refractive index, equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent magnetic permeability are inverted by using the S parameter of the basic unit, and the result is as shown in FIG. 7; the equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent magnetic permeability have three intersection points, wherein the intersection points fL is 8GHz, f0 is 13GHz, and fH is 21GHz, and respectively correspond to a low frequency point, a central frequency point, and a high frequency point of a frequency band with wave transmission of 85%, and the relative bandwidth is 100%.
And finally, manufacturing the broadband wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selection surface radome, wherein the high-temperature-resistant radome dielectric layer is formed by adopting a quartz layer through fused quartz slip casting and sintering, and the frequency selection surface layer 3 is manufactured by adopting dielectric layer surface metallization and laser etching processes.
According to the broadband wide-angle frequency selection surface radome, the dielectric layer is symmetrically loaded, and the dielectric layer and the frequency selection surface layer form the Chebyshev impedance transformer, so that the problems of narrow wave-transmitting frequency band, low wave-transmitting rate and unstable angle of the radome are solved; meanwhile, the frequency selection surface layer is formed by utilizing a metamaterial design principle, basic units are arranged according to a square period, the frequency selection surface layer comprises a miniaturized and sub-wavelength periodic pattern which is uniquely designed, and compared with a multilayer radome loaded with a metal mesh grid, a multilayer metamaterial surface coupling mode and other frequency selection surfaces, the frequency selection surface layer has the advantages of wider high-wave-transmission relative bandwidth, wider angle application range, simple structure and low cost.
According to the broadband wide-angle high-wave-transmission frequency selective surface radome, the relative bandwidth of high-wave-transmission (85%) reaches 100%, and the angle application range is 0-45 degrees;
the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome is characterized in that the radome is formed by arranging a plurality of basic unit arrays, and each basic unit comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a frequency selective surface layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially arranged; the material properties and the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are consistent; the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are symmetrically loaded and form a Chebyshev impedance transformer with the frequency selective surface layer; the frequency selection surface layer of each basic unit comprises a solid square metal patch positioned in the center of the basic unit, a square annular metal patch sleeved on the periphery of the solid square metal patch and four L-shaped metal patches positioned between the inner corner of the square annular metal patch and the outer corner of the solid square metal patch.
2. The broadband wide-angle frequency selective surface radome of claim 1, wherein when the radome requires high temperature resistance, the frequency selective surface layer is metalized with a dielectric layer surface and then prepared by a laser etching process.
3. The wideband wide angular frequency selective radome of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer distal from the radome outer surface is negligible at temperatures greater than or equal to 500 degrees celsius.
4. The broadband wide angular frequency selective surface radome of claim 1, wherein the material of the frequency selective surface layer is aluminum or copper;
when the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, platinum or tungsten is adopted as the material of the frequency selective surface layer.
5. The broadband wide angular frequency selective surface radome of claim 1, wherein when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radar radome, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are made of one or more of quartz fiber reinforced cyanate ester prepolymer, quartz fiber reinforced epoxy resin and phenolic resin;
the second dielectric layer is made of one or more of polyimide film, polytetrafluoroethylene and FR4 board;
the frequency selective surface layer is prepared by a flexible printed circuit board process.
6. The wideband wide angular frequency selective surface radome of claim 1 wherein, when the radome is a high mach number aircraft radome, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are made of one or more porous core layers of silica fiber reinforced ceramic, silicon nitride, alumina, and silica ceramic.
7. The broadband wide angular frequency selective surface radome of claim 1, wherein, when the radome is a subsonic aircraft radome, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are formed using autoclave molding;
and when the antenna housing is a high-Mach-number aircraft radar antenna housing, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are formed by adopting a fused quartz slip casting sintering forming process.
8. The broadband wide angular frequency selective radome of claim 1, wherein the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is d = 3-4 mm;
the basic unit orthogonal arrangement period T = 4-5 mm, the outer side length T = 4-5 mm of the square annular pattern, and the metal width W1= 0.1-0.3 mm of the square annular pattern; the arm length L1= 1-2 mm of the L-shaped pattern, and the metal line width W2= 0.1-0.3 mm; the side length L2 of the square solid metal patch is 2-3 mm;
the interval S1=0.1~0.3mm between the square annular metal patch and the L-shaped metal patch, the interval S3=0.1~0.3mm between the adjacent L-shaped metal patches, and the interval S2=0.3~0.5mm between the L-shaped metal patch and the solid square metal patch.
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| CN111844939B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-07-05 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Wave-transparent composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112510359B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-08-12 | 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 | Invisible antenna housing |
| CN112736484B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Light splitting and frequency dividing device |
| CN113708066A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Conical broadband wave-transparent radome embedded with fiber bragg grating |
| CN115157786B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-04-18 | 湖北瑞宇空天高新技术有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant composite structure for 1000-DEG C-resistant metamaterial and preparation method thereof |
| CN115332815B (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Active frequency selective surface structure |
| CN115360528B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Radar switch frequency selective surface loaded with polyaniline |
| CN115621686B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polyaniline-based dual-polarized radar switch device and preparation method thereof |
| CN115986342B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-07-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polyaniline-based radar switching device and preparation method thereof |
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