CN110822430A - Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage swirler - Google Patents

Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage swirler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110822430A
CN110822430A CN201911159275.9A CN201911159275A CN110822430A CN 110822430 A CN110822430 A CN 110822430A CN 201911159275 A CN201911159275 A CN 201911159275A CN 110822430 A CN110822430 A CN 110822430A
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stage
impeller
low
rotational flow
blades
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CN110822430B (en
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林继铭
李浩蓁
林得福
张勇
苏波
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Huaqiao University
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Huaqiao University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74Preventing flame lift-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82Preventing flashback or blowback

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a low-nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage swirler, wherein a first-stage swirl impeller and a second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of a flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles surrounding the circumference of the blades; in the axial direction of the combustion cylinder, the first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller and distributed in a step shape, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is provided with second flow through holes with different sizes and uniform distribution; the angle of the first secondary swirler vane decreases progressively in the radial direction of the combustion cylinder; the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction. The combustor has high combustion efficiency and low emission of nitrogen oxides.

Description

Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage swirler
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustor, in particular to a low-nitrogen combustor.
Background
The annual book of world energy statistics in 2018 indicates that China is still the largest energy consuming country in the world, the environmental problems caused by energy consumption continuously attract attention of people, and the unprecedented social attention is attracted by the large-area and repeated haze weather in China in recent years, so that the improvement of energy efficiency and the environmental protection are still two main subjects of energy research science.
The amount of NOx produced during combustion is a major factor causing environmental pollution, the amount of NOx produced becomes an important measure of the combustion performance of the burner, and the amount of NOx produced by combustion is harmful to the environment and human body, so that the amount of NOx emission needs to be controlled. A burner is a device that converts chemical energy of a fuel into heat energy. The basic use of the combustion device is to reasonably organize the combustion process of the fuel in the heat exchange device so as to ensure that the work of the combustion device meets the requirements of the process, the technology, the economy and the environmental protection. The combustion method of the fuel and the reasonable structure of the combustion device have direct and important influence on the thermal process in the equipment. Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved gas burner, which can generate extremely low nitrogen oxides and improve the combustion efficiency of the gas, thereby achieving better energy-saving and environmental-friendly effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combustor with high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission. After the burner is adopted, the gas has high ignition speed and stable flame. In addition, the combustor can realize the full combustion of gas and the stable combustion state, the probability of backfire and misfire is reduced, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is effectively reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a multistage swirler based low-nitrogen burner comprising: the combustion cylinder, the flame stabilizing disc, the gas inlet channel and the fan are axially communicated;
a first-stage rotational flow impeller and a second-stage rotational flow impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles surrounding the circumference of the blades; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; two rows of second nozzle holes are formed in the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle towards the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are formed in the direction opposite to the direction of the central fuel nozzle;
in the axial direction of the combustion barrel, the first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller and distributed in a step shape, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is provided with two rows of second flow through holes with different sizes and uniform distribution;
the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction.
In a preferred embodiment: the first flow through hole and the second flow through hole are both circular, and the diameter of the first flow through hole is larger than that of the second flow through hole.
In a preferred embodiment: the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirl vanes, the number of the first through holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the diameter of each first through hole is gradually increased in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler;
of the two rows of second flow through holes, the diameter of the second flow through hole positioned on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover is larger.
In a preferred embodiment: the angle value of an included angle between the blade of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the tangential direction of the blade is set to be 35 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment: the angle values of included angles between the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the second-stage rotational flow impeller and the respective tangential directions of the blades are gradually decreased from inside to outside in the radial direction, and the difference value is 5 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment: the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are gradually reduced in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a step shape.
In a preferred embodiment: and the pipe diameters of the air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are different.
In a preferred embodiment: and the diffusion covers of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the second-stage rotational flow impeller are respectively inclined inwards.
In a preferred embodiment: compared with the prior art that the joint of the central fuel air inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller is connected through a thin ring, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler, which is a combustor with high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission. After the burner is adopted, the gas has high ignition speed and stable flame. In addition, the combustor can realize the full combustion of gas and the stable combustion state, the probability of backfire and misfire is reduced, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is effectively reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flame stabilizing disc;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a low-nitrogen combustor based on a multi-stage swirler;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a first stage swirl impeller and a second stage swirl impeller;
in the figure: 1-a diffusion cover of a second-stage rotational flow impeller; 2-a diffusion cover of the first stage rotational flow impeller; 3-second stage swirl impeller; 4-first stage swirl impeller; 5-a second flow through hole; 6-a first flow through hole; 7-a combustion cylinder; 8-auxiliary fuel intake conduit; the 9-ring combustion cylinder assists the gas inlet channel; 10-a gas inlet channel; 11-a central fuel nozzle; 12-a fan; 13-a secondary fuel nozzle; 14-fan blades.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the description is further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that: the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention, and all technical solutions and modifications thereof that do not depart from the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the low-nitrogen burner based on the multi-stage swirler comprises a combustion cylinder 7 which axially penetrates, a flame stabilizing disc, a gas inlet passage 10 and a fan 12.
In the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc, a first-stage swirl impeller 4 and a second-stage swirl impeller 3 are arranged from inside to outside. The central fuel nozzle 11 is arranged in the center of the flame stabilizing disc and is communicated with the gas inlet passage 10 through a central fuel inlet pipeline. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 are provided with first through holes 6 with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles 13 around the circumference of the blades. The auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 is communicated with the auxiliary gas inlet channel 9 of the annular combustion cylinder through an auxiliary fuel inlet pipeline 8.
The side wall of the center fuel nozzle 11 is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; the side wall of the secondary fuel nozzle 13 has two rows of second nozzle holes facing the central fuel nozzle 11 and two parallel rows of fine holes facing away from the central fuel nozzle 11 for adjusting the amount of fuel injected from the secondary fuel nozzle 11.
In this embodiment, the pipe diameters of the air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are different. This allows the fuel quantities of the center fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle to be adjusted individually.
In the axial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, the first stage swirl impeller 4 is positioned below the second stage swirl impeller 3 and distributed in a step shape, and blades of the first stage swirl impeller 4 and the second stage swirl impeller 3 are separated by the diffusion cover 2 of the second stage swirl impeller 3. The outer circumference of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 is also provided with a diffusion cover 1, and the circumference of the second-stage swirl impeller is provided with second flow through holes 5 which have different sizes and are uniformly distributed.
The lower end of the low-nitrogen burner is connected with a fan 12. When the air-fuel burner works, air is blown into the combustion cylinder 7 through the fan 12, when the air passes through the first-stage vortex impeller 4 and the second-stage vortex impeller 3, the air rises spirally through the guidance of the first-stage vortex impeller 4 and the second-stage vortex impeller 3, the air circulation rate is increased, the spirally rising air is fully mixed and combusted with fuel at the outer ends of the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13, and the combustion efficiency is improved. Besides, the air flow can also cool the combustion cylinder 7, so that a local high-temperature area is avoided, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first through holes 6 and the second through holes 5 are both circular, the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirl vanes, the number of the first through holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the diameters of the first through holes are increased from small to large in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler; of the two rows of second flow through holes, the diameter of the second flow through hole positioned on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover is larger. Therefore, high-strength rotational flow and certain temperature difference are generated near the central fuel inlet pipeline, and central negative pressure is formed near the central fuel inlet pipeline, so that the fuel gas can be rapidly and stably combusted. The gas nozzle is divided into a central fuel nozzle 11 and peripheral auxiliary fuel nozzles 13, the central fuel nozzle 11 supplies heat at the central position of the combustor, the auxiliary fuel nozzles 13 provide combustion-supporting gas, and the nozzles are uniformly distributed to enable combustion in the combustion chamber to be more uniform and stable.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first flow through holes 6 with the diameters from large to small are arranged in the radial direction of the first-stage swirl impeller 4, so that backflow is generated in the combustion process, and part of combustion smoke is sucked back. The sucked flue gas mixed fuel reduces the concentration of oxygen, forms dispersed combustion, slows down combustion reaction, reduces flame temperature, has even combustion temperature distribution and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides. The angle value of the included angle between the blade of the first-stage rotational flow impeller 4 and the tangential direction thereof is set to be about 35 degrees, a negative pressure backflow area can be formed in the combustion center, and the timely backflow of high-temperature flue gas is ensured, so that the ignition of timely fuel gas and the combustion stability are ensured, and the phenomena of tempering and fire dropping are avoided.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are distributed in a stepped manner along the radial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, and the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are uniformly arranged by taking the axis of the combustion cylinder 7 as the center. Blades of the first-stage cyclone impeller 4 and the second-stage cyclone impeller 3 cut air flowing into the combustion cylinder 7 in a convection manner and generate rotating airflow, so that the air and the air around the gas nozzle are more fully mixed, the flowing is enhanced, and the combustion is more rapid and stable.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the peripheries of the first-stage rotational flow impeller 4 and the second-stage rotational flow impeller 3 are respectively provided with the diffusion covers 2 and 1, and two flame regions are formed in the combustion cylinder 7, so that introduced gas can be quickly and timely ignited to form a good aerodynamic field, the combustion state of the gas is stabilized, and the condition of backfire or misfire in the furnace is avoided. The angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller 4 and the second-stage rotational flow impeller 3 and the respective directions thereof are gradually decreased from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, and the difference value is 5 degrees. The sequential decreasing of the angles of the included angles of the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller 4 and the second-stage rotational flow impeller 3 and the respective tangential directions thereof can effectively prevent the problem of air flow deflection in the combustion process, so that the mixing degree of gas and air is enhanced. Flame subregion burning produces pressure differential in the combustion process, and two regions produce energy exchange for the mixed degree of air and fuel, strengthen burning intensity, and the burning torch shortens, and then reaches and reduces furnace size, and improves the purpose of boiler efficiency. The fuel and the primary air are quickly mixed in the inner combustion chamber to form a primary flame area rich in the fuel, only part of the fuel is combusted due to oxygen deficiency, and the fuel is separated out of volatile matters in the primary flame area which is poor in oxygen and low in flame temperature, so that the generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 are gradually reduced in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a step shape, incompletely combusted gas at the central fuel nozzle 11 can be continuously combusted near the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13, the emission of low-price nitrogen oxides is reduced again, and meanwhile, two-stage flame stabilizing discs in a step-shaped structure stabilize flame, reduce the fluctuation of the flame, provide stable combustion and improve the combustion effect.
The low-nitrogen combustor adopts a nozzle structure suitable for multi-zone combustion, flame can be effectively dispersed through the multi-zone combustion, the condition of local high temperature is reduced, and the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is effectively reduced. The central fuel inlet pipe and the auxiliary fuel inlet pipe can be filled with fuels with different concentrations, and the best combustion effect is obtained by correcting the fuel ratio of the two fuel inlet pipes.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, the diffusion covers 2 and 1 which incline inwards are arranged on the peripheries of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 respectively, so that gas and air are guided inwards, secondary combustion is realized, and the combustion efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the diffusion cover which contracts inwards enables the structure to be more compact, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.
In the low-nitrogen combustor, a thin ring is arranged at the joint of the central fuel inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller 4 for connection, so that the loss of the outflow speed of the gas sprayed out of the position near the outer ring of the central combustion nozzle can be reduced, and the combustion speed is improved.
The above examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Changes, modifications, etc. to the above-described embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A low-nitrogen burner based on a multistage swirler, characterized by comprising: the combustion cylinder, the flame stabilizing disc, the gas inlet channel and the fan are axially communicated;
a first-stage rotational flow impeller and a second-stage rotational flow impeller are arranged from inside to outside in the radial direction of the flame stabilizing disc; the center of the flame stabilizing disc is provided with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with first through holes with different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage rotational flow impeller are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles surrounding the circumference of the blades; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; two rows of second nozzle holes are formed in the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle towards the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are formed in the direction opposite to the direction of the central fuel nozzle;
in the axial direction of the combustion barrel, the first-stage swirl impeller is positioned below the second-stage swirl impeller and distributed in a step shape, and blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by a diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; the outer circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is also provided with a diffusion cover, and the circumference of the second rotational flow impeller is provided with two rows of second flow through holes with different sizes and uniform distribution;
the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low-nitrogen combustor along the axial direction.
2. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the first flow through hole and the second flow through hole are both circular, and the diameter of the first flow through hole is larger than that of the second flow through hole.
3. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirl vanes, the number of the first through holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the diameter of each first through hole is gradually increased in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler;
of the two rows of second flow through holes, the diameter of the second flow through hole positioned on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffusion cover is larger.
4. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the angle value of an included angle between the blade of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the tangential direction of the blade is set to be 35 degrees.
5. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the angle values of included angles between the blades of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the second-stage rotational flow impeller and the respective tangential directions of the blades are gradually decreased from inside to outside in the radial direction, and the difference value is 5 degrees.
6. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are gradually reduced in height from outside to inside and are distributed in a step shape.
7. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: and the pipe diameters of the air inlet pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel air inlet nozzle are different.
8. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: and the diffusion covers of the first-stage rotational flow impeller and the second-stage rotational flow impeller are respectively inclined inwards.
9. The low-nitrogen combustor based on a multistage swirler of claim 1, wherein: the connection part of the central fuel inlet pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller is connected through a thin ring.
CN201911159275.9A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage cyclone Active CN110822430B (en)

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CN111271708A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-12 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen combustor
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CN111457371A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-07-28 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen burner
CN111878816A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-11-03 福建省铁拓机械股份有限公司 Steady flame dish of blade angularly adjustable
CN113310071A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-08-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Coaxial staged combustor for low-pollution combustion chamber of gas fuel gas turbine
CN113606580A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-05 华侨大学 Steady flame dish and combustor

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CN111288448A (en) * 2020-03-20 2020-06-16 东营富润智能科技有限公司 Ultralow nitrogen burner for oil field heating furnace
CN111271708A (en) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-12 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen combustor
CN111271708B (en) * 2020-03-27 2024-06-07 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen burner
CN111457371A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-07-28 华侨大学 Low-nitrogen burner
CN111457371B (en) * 2020-05-12 2024-06-07 华侨大学 Low nitrogen burner
CN111878816A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-11-03 福建省铁拓机械股份有限公司 Steady flame dish of blade angularly adjustable
CN111878816B (en) * 2020-06-12 2022-06-21 福建省铁拓机械股份有限公司 Steady flame dish of blade angularly adjustable
CN113310071A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-08-27 哈尔滨工程大学 Coaxial staged combustor for low-pollution combustion chamber of gas fuel gas turbine
CN113606580A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-05 华侨大学 Steady flame dish and combustor

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