CN110822430A - Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage swirler - Google Patents

Low-nitrogen combustor based on multistage swirler Download PDF

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CN110822430A
CN110822430A CN201911159275.9A CN201911159275A CN110822430A CN 110822430 A CN110822430 A CN 110822430A CN 201911159275 A CN201911159275 A CN 201911159275A CN 110822430 A CN110822430 A CN 110822430A
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stage
impeller
swirl impeller
blades
swirler
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CN110822430B (en
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林继铭
李浩蓁
林得福
张勇
苏波
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Huaqiao University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74Preventing flame lift-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82Preventing flashback or blowback

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,在稳焰盘径向方向上,从内向外排布了第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮;稳焰盘的中心安装有中心燃料喷嘴;第一级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有不同直径的第一通流孔,在第一级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有环叶片圆周的辅助燃料喷嘴;沿燃烧筒轴向方向上,第一级旋流叶轮位于第二级旋流叶轮下方,二者成阶梯状分布,第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的叶片由第一级旋流叶轮的扩散罩分隔开;第二旋流叶轮的外圆周也设有扩散罩,并且环圆周设有不同尺寸但分布均匀的第二流通孔;第一二级旋流器叶片角度在燃烧筒径向方向角度递减;风机沿着轴向设置在低氮燃烧器的下端。上述的燃烧器,燃烧效率高,氮氧化物排放量低。

Figure 201911159275

The invention provides a low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler. In the radial direction of the flame stabilization disk, a first-stage swirl impeller and a second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from the inside to the outside; The center of the swirl impeller is equipped with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller are provided with first through holes of different diameters, and the auxiliary fuel nozzles around the circumference of the blades are arranged on the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller; In the axial direction of the cylinder, the first-stage swirl impeller is located below the second-stage swirl impeller, and the two are distributed in a stepped shape. The diffuser cover is separated; the outer circumference of the second swirl impeller is also provided with a diffuser cover, and the ring circumference is provided with second flow holes of different sizes but evenly distributed; The angle decreases in the direction; the fan is arranged at the lower end of the low nitrogen burner along the axial direction. The above-mentioned burner has high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission.

Figure 201911159275

Description

一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器A low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及燃烧器,尤其涉及低氮燃烧器。The present invention relates to burners, and more particularly to low nitrogen burners.

背景技术Background technique

2018年世界能源统计年鉴指出,中国仍然是世界上最大的能源消耗国,能源消费引发而来的环境问题不断引发了人们的重视,近几年我国大面积数次出现的雾霾天气引起了空前的社会关注,因此提高能效、保护环境依旧是能源研究科学的两大主题。The 2018 World Energy Statistical Yearbook pointed out that China is still the largest energy-consuming country in the world, and environmental problems caused by energy consumption continue to attract people's attention. Therefore, improving energy efficiency and protecting the environment are still two major themes of energy research science.

燃烧过程中生成的NOx是造成环境污染的主要因素,NOx生成量的高低成为衡量燃烧器燃烧性能的重要指标,并且燃烧产物NOx对环境和人体的危害很大,所以需要控制NOx的排放量。燃烧器是一种将燃料的化学能转化为热能的装置。燃烧装置的基本用途就是在换热装置中合理组织燃料的燃烧过程,以保证其工作合乎工艺、技术、经济以及环保方面的要求。燃料的燃烧方法和燃烧装置的合理结构对设备内的热工过程有着直接、重要的影响。因此,需要提出改进的燃气燃烧器的技术方案,在产生极低的氮氧化物的同时,提高燃气的燃烧效率,获得更好的节能环保的效果。The NOx generated in the combustion process is the main factor causing environmental pollution. The level of NOx generation has become an important indicator to measure the combustion performance of the burner, and the combustion product NOx is very harmful to the environment and the human body, so it is necessary to control the emission of NOx. A burner is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy. The basic purpose of the combustion device is to reasonably organize the combustion process of the fuel in the heat exchange device to ensure that its work meets the requirements of technology, technology, economy and environmental protection. The combustion method of the fuel and the reasonable structure of the combustion device have a direct and important influence on the thermal process in the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an improved technical solution for the gas burner, which can improve the combustion efficiency of gas while generating extremely low nitrogen oxides, and obtain better energy saving and environmental protection effects.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种燃烧效率高,氮氧化物排放量低的燃烧器。采用此燃烧器之后,燃气着火速度快、火焰稳定。另外通过该燃烧器能够实现燃气充分燃烧且燃烧状态稳定,发生回火和脱火的概率降低,有效的减少氮氧化物的排放。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a burner with high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission. After using this burner, the gas ignition speed is fast and the flame is stable. In addition, through the burner, the gas can be fully burned and the combustion state is stable, the probability of flashback and misfire is reduced, and the emission of nitrogen oxides can be effectively reduced.

本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案来实现:The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:

一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,包括:轴向贯通的燃烧筒、稳焰盘、燃气进气道和风机;A low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler, comprising: an axially penetrating combustion cylinder, a flame stabilization disk, a gas inlet port and a fan;

在稳焰盘径向方向上,从内向外排布了第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮;稳焰盘的中心安装有中心燃料喷嘴;所述第一级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有不同直径的第一通流孔,在第二级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有环叶片圆周的辅助燃料喷嘴;所述中心燃料喷嘴的侧壁沿着周向设置有第一喷嘴孔;所述辅助燃料喷嘴的侧壁朝向中心燃料喷嘴方向设有俩排第二喷嘴孔,背向中心燃料喷嘴方向设有平行的两排细孔;In the radial direction of the flame stabilization disk, the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from the inside to the outside; the center of the flame stabilization disk is installed with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller First through holes with different diameters are arranged on the upper, and auxiliary fuel nozzles around the circumference of the blades are arranged on the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with first nozzle holes along the circumferential direction. The side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle is provided with two rows of second nozzle holes in the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are provided in the direction away from the central fuel nozzle;

沿燃烧筒轴向方向上,所述第一级旋流叶轮位于第二级旋流叶轮下方,二者成阶梯状分布,第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的叶片由第一级旋流叶轮的扩散罩分隔开;所述第二旋流叶轮的外圆周也设有扩散罩,并且环圆周设有两排不同尺寸但分布均匀的第二流通孔;In the axial direction of the combustion tube, the first-stage swirl impeller is located below the second-stage swirl impeller, and the two are distributed in a stepped shape. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by the first The diffuser cover of the stage swirl impeller is separated; the outer circumference of the second swirl impeller is also provided with a diffuser cover, and the circumference is provided with two rows of second flow holes of different sizes but evenly distributed;

所述风机沿着轴向设置在低氮燃烧器的下端。The fan is arranged at the lower end of the low nitrogen burner along the axial direction.

在一较佳实施例中:所述第一流通孔、第二通流孔均呈圆形,第一流通孔的直径大于第二流通孔的直径。In a preferred embodiment, the first flow hole and the second flow hole are both circular, and the diameter of the first flow hole is larger than the diameter of the second flow hole.

在一较佳实施例中:所述第一通流孔沿着第一级旋流叶片的轴向分布有两排,每一排中的第一流通孔的数量均与第一级旋流叶片的叶片数量相同,所述第一流通孔的直径在第一级旋流器的径向方向上由小到大;In a preferred embodiment: the first flow holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the number of the first flow holes in each row is the same as that of the first-stage swirl vanes. The number of blades is the same, and the diameter of the first flow hole is from small to large in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler;

所述两排第二流通孔中,沿着扩散罩的扩散方向位于内侧的第二流通孔的直径较大。Among the two rows of second flow holes, the diameter of the second flow hole located on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffuser cover is larger.

在一较佳实施例中:所述第一级旋流叶轮的叶片与其切向方向的夹角的角度值设置为35°。In a preferred embodiment, the angle value of the included angle between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and its tangential direction is set to 35°.

在一较佳实施例中:所述第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的叶片与其各自切向方向的夹角的角度值在径向从内向外的方向上依次递减,差值为5°。In a preferred embodiment: the angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller and their respective tangential directions decrease in turn in the radial direction from the inside to the outside, and the difference is is 5°.

在一较佳实施例中:所述中心燃料喷嘴、辅助燃料进气喷嘴从外向内,逐渐降低高度,呈阶梯状分布。In a preferred embodiment, the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle gradually decrease in height from the outside to the inside, and are distributed in a stepped shape.

在一较佳实施例中:所述中心燃料喷嘴和辅助燃料进气喷嘴的进气管管径不同。In a preferred embodiment, the intake pipe diameters of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle are different.

在一较佳实施例中:所述第一级旋流叶轮、第二级旋流叶轮的扩散罩分别向内倾斜。In a preferred embodiment, the diffuser covers of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are respectively inclined inwards.

在一较佳实施例中:所述中心燃料进气管和第一级旋流叶轮连接处通过一细环连接相较于现有技术,本发明的技术方案具备以下有益效果:In a preferred embodiment: the connection between the central fuel intake pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller is connected by a thin ring. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明提供了一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,是一种燃烧效率高,氮氧化物排放量低的燃烧器。采用此燃烧器之后,燃气着火速度快、火焰稳定。另外通过该燃烧器能够实现燃气充分燃烧且燃烧状态稳定,发生回火和脱火的概率降低,有效的减少氮氧化物的排放。The invention provides a low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler, which is a burner with high combustion efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emission. After using this burner, the gas ignition speed is fast and the flame is stable. In addition, through the burner, the gas can be fully burned and the combustion state is stable, the probability of flashback and misfire is reduced, and the emission of nitrogen oxides can be effectively reduced.

附图说明:Description of drawings:

图1是稳焰盘结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flame stabilizing plate;

图2是一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器的结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner;

图3是第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的俯视图;3 is a top view of a first-stage swirl impeller and a second-stage swirl impeller;

图中:1-第二级旋流叶轮的扩散罩;2-第一级旋流叶轮的扩散罩;3-第二级旋流叶轮;4-第一级旋流叶轮;5-第二流通孔;6-第一流通孔;7-燃烧筒;8-辅助燃料进气管道;9-环燃烧筒辅助燃气进气道;10-燃气进气道;11-中心燃料喷嘴;12-风机;13-辅助燃料喷嘴;14-风机叶片。In the figure: 1- the diffusion cover of the second-stage swirl impeller; 2- the diffusion cover of the first-stage swirl impeller; 3- the second-stage swirl impeller; 4- the first-stage swirl impeller; 5- the second circulation hole; 6-first flow hole; 7-combustion cylinder; 8-auxiliary fuel inlet pipe; 9-ring combustion cylinder auxiliary gas inlet; 10-gas inlet; 11-central fuel nozzle; 12-fan; 13-auxiliary fuel nozzle; 14-fan blade.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

下面结合具体实施例进一步阐述说明。应该说明的是:以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案,一切不脱离本范围的技术方案及其改进均应包括在本发明的权利要求范围当中。The following is further elaborated and described in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that: the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention, and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the scope should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

如图1至3所示,一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,具有轴向贯通的燃烧筒7、稳焰盘、燃气进气道10和风机12。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , a low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler has an axially penetrating combustion tube 7 , a flame stabilization disk, a gas inlet 10 and a fan 12 .

在稳焰盘径向方向上,从内向外排布了第一级旋流叶轮4和第二级旋流叶轮3。中心燃料喷嘴11安装在稳焰盘中心,并通过中心燃料进气管道和燃气进气道10连通。第一级旋流叶轮4的叶片上设有不同直径的第一通流孔6,在第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片上设有环叶片圆周的辅助燃料喷嘴13。所述辅助燃料喷嘴13通过辅助燃料进气管道8和环燃烧筒辅助燃气进气道9连通。In the radial direction of the flame stabilization disk, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are arranged from the inside to the outside. The central fuel nozzle 11 is installed in the center of the flame stabilization disk, and communicates with the gas inlet port 10 through the central fuel inlet pipe. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 are provided with first through holes 6 of different diameters, and the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are provided with auxiliary fuel nozzles 13 around the circumference of the blades. The auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 communicates with the auxiliary gas inlet port 9 of the annular combustion cylinder through the auxiliary fuel inlet pipe 8 .

所述中心燃料喷嘴11的侧壁沿着周向设置有第一喷嘴孔;所述辅助燃料喷嘴13的侧壁朝向中心燃料喷嘴11方向设有俩排第二喷嘴孔,背向中心燃料喷嘴11方向设有平行的两排细孔,用以调节辅助燃料喷嘴11中喷出的燃料量。The side wall of the central fuel nozzle 11 is provided with a first nozzle hole along the circumferential direction; the side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 is provided with two rows of second nozzle holes facing the central fuel nozzle 11 and facing away from the central fuel nozzle 11 Two parallel rows of fine holes are arranged in the direction to adjust the amount of fuel sprayed from the auxiliary fuel nozzle 11 .

本实施例中,所述中心燃料喷嘴和辅助燃料进气喷嘴的进气管道的管径不同。这样就可以单独调节中心燃料喷嘴和辅助燃料进气喷嘴的燃料量。In this embodiment, the pipe diameters of the intake pipes of the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle are different. This allows the amount of fuel to be individually adjusted for the center fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle.

沿燃烧筒7轴向方向上,第一级旋流叶轮4位于第二级旋流叶轮3下方,二者成阶梯状分布,第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片由第二级旋流叶轮3的扩散罩2分隔开。第二级旋流叶轮3外圆周也设有扩散罩1,并且环圆周设有不同尺寸但分布均匀的第二流通孔5。In the axial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 is located below the second-stage swirl impeller 3, and the two are distributed in a stepped shape. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 Separated by the diffuser hood 2 of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 . The outer circumference of the second-stage swirl impeller 3 is also provided with a diffuser cover 1, and the circumference is provided with second flow holes 5 with different sizes but uniform distribution.

低氮燃烧器的下端连接有风机12。在工作时,通过风机12往燃烧筒7内吹入空气,空气经过第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3时,通过第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的导向使空气呈螺旋状上升,加快了空气流通速率,并且螺旋上升的空气与中心燃料喷嘴11、辅助燃料喷嘴13外端的燃料充分混合燃烧,提高燃烧效率。此外空气流动还能对燃烧筒7进行降温,避免产生局部高温区,降低氮氧化物的排放。A fan 12 is connected to the lower end of the low nitrogen burner. During operation, air is blown into the combustion cylinder 7 through the fan 12. When the air passes through the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3, it passes through the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller. The guide of 3 makes the air rise in a spiral shape, which speeds up the air circulation rate, and the spirally rising air is fully mixed with the fuel at the outer ends of the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 to improve the combustion efficiency. In addition, the air flow can also cool down the combustion cylinder 7, so as to avoid local high temperature areas and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,第一通流孔6、第二流通孔5均呈圆形,所述第一通流孔沿着第一级旋流叶片的轴向分布有两排,每一排中的第一流通孔的数量均与第一级旋流叶片的叶片数量相同,所述第一流通孔的直径在第一级旋流器的径向方向上由小到大;所述两排第二流通孔中,沿着扩散罩的扩散方向位于内侧的第二流通孔的直径较大。因此中心燃料进气管道附近产生具有高强度的旋流和一定的温差,中心燃料进气管道附近形成中心负压,助于燃气快速稳定燃烧。将燃气喷嘴分为中心燃料喷嘴11和周围的辅助燃料喷嘴13,中心燃料喷嘴11在燃烧器的中心位置进行热量供给,辅助燃料喷嘴13提供助燃燃气,喷嘴均匀分布让燃烧室内的燃烧更加均匀,稳定。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, the first through holes 6 and the second through holes 5 are both circular, and the first through holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirl vanes. The number of the first flow holes in a row is the same as the number of blades of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the diameter of the first flow holes in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler increases from small to large; the Among the two rows of second flow holes, the diameter of the second flow hole located on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffuser cover is larger. Therefore, a high-strength swirl and a certain temperature difference are generated near the central fuel intake pipe, and a central negative pressure is formed near the central fuel intake pipe, which helps the gas to burn quickly and stably. The gas nozzle is divided into a central fuel nozzle 11 and surrounding auxiliary fuel nozzles 13. The central fuel nozzle 11 supplies heat at the center of the burner, and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 provides combustion-supporting gas. The uniform distribution of the nozzles makes the combustion in the combustion chamber more uniform. Stablize.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,在第一级旋流叶轮4的径向方向上设置了直径由大到小的第一流通孔6,有助于在燃烧过程中产生回流,把部分燃烧烟气吸回。卷吸回的烟气混合燃料,降低了氧的浓度,形成弥散燃烧,减缓燃烧反应,降低了火焰温度,燃烧温度分布均匀,减少了氮氧化物的排放。将第一级旋流叶轮4的叶片与其切向方向的夹角的角度值设置为35°左右,可以在燃烧中心形成负压回流区,保证高温烟气的及时回流,从而保证及时燃气的着火,以及燃烧的稳定性,进而避免出现回火和脱火现象。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, first flow holes 6 with diameters from large to small are arranged in the radial direction of the first-stage swirl impeller 4, which helps to generate backflow during the combustion process and remove part of the combustion smoke. Breathe back. The entrained flue gas is mixed with fuel, reducing the oxygen concentration, forming dispersion combustion, slowing down the combustion reaction, reducing the flame temperature, uniform combustion temperature distribution, and reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. Setting the angle value of the angle between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and its tangential direction is about 35°, a negative pressure return area can be formed in the combustion center to ensure the timely return of the high-temperature flue gas, thereby ensuring the timely ignition of the gas , as well as the stability of combustion, thereby avoiding tempering and de-firing.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3沿燃烧筒7径向方向上呈阶梯分布,第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片以燃烧筒7的轴线为中心均匀设置。通过第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片对流进燃烧筒7内的空气切割并产生旋转气流,让空气与燃气喷嘴周围的空气更加充分混合,加强流动让燃烧更加的迅速稳定。In the above-mentioned low nitrogen burner, the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are distributed in steps along the radial direction of the combustion cylinder 7, and the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller are distributed in steps along the radial direction of the combustion cylinder 7. The vanes of 3 are evenly arranged around the axis of the combustion tube 7 . Through the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3, the air flowing into the combustion cylinder 7 is cut and a swirling airflow is generated, so that the air is more fully mixed with the air around the gas nozzle, and the flow is strengthened to make the combustion more efficient. rapid stabilization.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的外周分别设有扩散罩2、1,在燃烧筒7中形成了两个火焰区,使得通入后的燃气能够快速、及时地被点燃形成良好的空气动力场,以此稳定燃气的燃烧状态,避免炉内出现回火或脱火情况。第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片与其各自方向的夹角的角度值在径向从内向外的方向上依次递减,差值为5°。第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的叶片与其各自切向方向的夹角的角度的依次递减能够有效防止燃烧过程中的气流偏斜问题,使得燃气和空气混合度加强。火焰分区燃烧,燃烧过程中产生压差,两个区域产生能量交换,加快空气和燃料的混合程度,加强燃烧强度,燃烧火炬变短,进而达到减小炉膛尺寸,并提高锅炉效率的目的。燃料和一次风在内燃烧室内快速混合,形成富燃料的一次火焰区,由于缺氧,只是部分燃料进行燃烧,燃料在贫氧和火焰温度较低的一次火焰区内析出挥发分,因此减少了氮氧化物的生成。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, the outer periphery of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are respectively provided with diffuser covers 2 and 1, and two flame zones are formed in the combustion cylinder 7, so that the The latter gas can be ignited quickly and timely to form a good aerodynamic field, so as to stabilize the combustion state of the gas and avoid tempering or de-firing in the furnace. The angle values of the included angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 and their respective directions decrease in turn in the radial direction from the inside to the outside, and the difference is 5°. The successive decrease of the angles between the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 and their respective tangential directions can effectively prevent the airflow deflection problem during the combustion process and enhance the mixing degree of gas and air. The flame is burned in different zones, a pressure difference is generated during the combustion process, energy exchange occurs between the two areas, the mixing degree of air and fuel is accelerated, the combustion intensity is strengthened, and the combustion torch is shortened, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the size of the furnace and improving the efficiency of the boiler. Fuel and primary air are rapidly mixed in the inner combustion chamber to form a fuel-rich primary flame zone. Due to lack of oxygen, only part of the fuel is burned, and the fuel precipitates volatile matter in the primary flame zone where oxygen is poor and the flame temperature is low, thus reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,中心燃料喷嘴11、辅助燃料喷嘴13从外向内,逐渐降低高度,呈阶梯状分布,中心燃料喷嘴11处未完全燃烧的气体可以在辅助燃料喷嘴13附近继续燃烧,再次降低了低价氮氧化物的排放,同时阶梯型状结构的两级稳焰盘也对火焰进行了一个稳定,减少了火焰的波动,提供了稳定的燃烧,提高燃烧效果。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, the central fuel nozzle 11 and the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13 gradually decrease in height from the outside to the inside, and are distributed in a stepped shape. The incompletely burned gas at the central fuel nozzle 11 can continue to burn near the auxiliary fuel nozzle 13. , reducing the emission of low-priced nitrogen oxides again, and at the same time, the two-stage flame stabilizing plate of the ladder-shaped structure also stabilizes the flame, reduces the fluctuation of the flame, provides stable combustion, and improves the combustion effect.

上述的低氮燃烧器采用了适用于多区燃烧的喷嘴结构,通过多区燃烧可以有效的分散火焰,减少局部高温的情况,有效的降低了热力型氮氧化物生成。中心燃料进气管和辅助燃料进气管可以通入不同浓度的燃料,通过修正两个燃料进气管的燃料配比,得到燃烧最佳功效。The above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner adopts a nozzle structure suitable for multi-zone combustion. The multi-zone combustion can effectively disperse the flame, reduce the local high temperature, and effectively reduce the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides. The central fuel intake pipe and the auxiliary fuel intake pipe can be fed with different concentrations of fuel, and the best combustion effect can be obtained by correcting the fuel ratio of the two fuel intake pipes.

在上述的低氮燃烧器中,第一级旋流叶轮4、第二级旋流叶轮3的外周均设有向内侧倾斜的扩散罩2、1,对燃气以及空气往内侧引导,实现了二次燃烧,提高了燃烧效率。同时向内收缩的扩散罩,使结构更加紧凑,提高燃烧效率,减低氮氧化物的排放。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, the outer circumferences of the first-stage swirl impeller 4 and the second-stage swirl impeller 3 are provided with diffuser covers 2 and 1 inclined inwards to guide the fuel gas and air to the inside, so that two The secondary combustion improves the combustion efficiency. At the same time, the inwardly retracted diffuser hood makes the structure more compact, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides.

在上述低氮燃烧器中,中心燃料进气管和第一级旋流叶轮4连接处设置有一细环连接,可以减小中心燃烧喷嘴外圈附近喷出的燃气流出速度损失减少,提高燃烧速度。In the above-mentioned low-nitrogen burner, a thin ring connection is provided at the connection between the central fuel intake pipe and the first-stage swirl impeller 4, which can reduce the loss of the outflow velocity of the gas injected near the outer ring of the central combustion nozzle, and improve the combustion speed.

上述实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作对本发明的限定。只要是依据本发明的技术实质,对上述实施例进行变化、变型等都将落在本发明的权利要求的范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. As long as it is in accordance with the technical essence of the present invention, changes, modifications, etc. to the above-described embodiments will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于包括:轴向贯通的燃烧筒、稳焰盘、燃气进气道和风机;1. a low-nitrogen burner based on a multi-stage swirler, characterized in that it comprises: a combustion tube, a flame stabilizing plate, a gas inlet and a fan that are connected in an axial direction; 在稳焰盘径向方向上,从内向外排布了第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮;稳焰盘的中心安装有中心燃料喷嘴;所述第一级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有不同直径的第一通流孔,在第二级旋流叶轮的叶片上设有环叶片圆周的辅助燃料喷嘴;所述中心燃料喷嘴的侧壁沿着周向设置有第一喷嘴孔;所述辅助燃料喷嘴的侧壁朝向中心燃料喷嘴方向设有俩排第二喷嘴孔,背向中心燃料喷嘴方向设有平行的两排细孔;In the radial direction of the flame stabilization disk, the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are arranged from the inside to the outside; the center of the flame stabilization disk is installed with a central fuel nozzle; the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller First through holes with different diameters are arranged on the upper, and auxiliary fuel nozzles around the circumference of the blades are arranged on the blades of the second-stage swirl impeller; the side wall of the central fuel nozzle is provided with first nozzle holes along the circumferential direction. The side wall of the auxiliary fuel nozzle is provided with two rows of second nozzle holes in the direction of the central fuel nozzle, and two parallel rows of fine holes are provided in the direction away from the central fuel nozzle; 沿燃烧筒轴向方向上,所述第一级旋流叶轮位于第二级旋流叶轮下方,二者成阶梯状分布,第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的叶片由第一级旋流叶轮的扩散罩分隔开;所述第二旋流叶轮的外圆周也设有扩散罩,并且环圆周设有两排不同尺寸但分布均匀的第二流通孔;In the axial direction of the combustion tube, the first-stage swirl impeller is located below the second-stage swirl impeller, and the two are distributed in a stepped shape. The blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are separated by the first The diffuser cover of the stage swirl impeller is separated; the outer circumference of the second swirl impeller is also provided with a diffuser cover, and the circumference is provided with two rows of second flow holes of different sizes but evenly distributed; 所述风机沿着轴向设置在低氮燃烧器的下端。The fan is arranged at the lower end of the low nitrogen burner along the axial direction. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述第一流通孔、第二通流孔均呈圆形,第一流通孔的直径大于第二流通孔的直径。2 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the first flow hole and the second flow hole are both circular, and the diameter of the first flow hole is circular. 3 . larger than the diameter of the second flow hole. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述第一通流孔沿着第一级旋流叶片的轴向分布有两排,每一排中的第一流通孔的数量均与第一级旋流叶片的叶片数量相同,所述第一流通孔的直径在第一级旋流器的径向方向上由小到大;3 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the first through-flow holes are distributed in two rows along the axial direction of the first-stage swirler vanes, 4 . The number of the first flow holes in each row is the same as the number of blades of the first-stage swirl vanes, and the diameter of the first flow holes in the radial direction of the first-stage swirler is from small to large; 所述两排第二流通孔中,沿着扩散罩的扩散方向位于内侧的第二流通孔的直径较大。Among the two rows of second flow holes, the diameter of the second flow hole located on the inner side along the diffusion direction of the diffuser cover is larger. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述第一级旋流叶轮的叶片与其切向方向的夹角的角度值设置为35°。4 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the angle value of the included angle between the blades of the first stage swirler impeller and its tangential direction is set to 35. 5 . °. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述第一级旋流叶轮和第二级旋流叶轮的叶片与其各自切向方向的夹角的角度值在径向从内向外的方向上依次递减,差值为5°。5 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the blades of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are in their respective tangential directions. 6 . The angle value of the included angle decreases in turn in the radial direction from the inside to the outside, and the difference is 5°. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述中心燃料喷嘴、辅助燃料进气喷嘴从外向内,逐渐降低高度,呈阶梯状分布。6 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle gradually decrease in height from the outside to the inside, and are distributed in a stepped shape. 7 . . 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述中心燃料喷嘴和辅助燃料进气喷嘴的进气管管径不同。7 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the central fuel nozzle and the auxiliary fuel intake nozzle have different diameters of intake pipes. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述第一级旋流叶轮、第二级旋流叶轮的扩散罩分别向内倾斜。8 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the diffuser covers of the first-stage swirl impeller and the second-stage swirl impeller are respectively inclined inward. 9 . 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多级旋流器的低氮燃烧器,其特征在于:所述中心燃料进气管和第一级旋流叶轮连接处通过一细环连接。9 . The multi-stage swirler-based low-nitrogen burner according to claim 1 , wherein the connection between the central fuel intake pipe and the first-stage swirler impeller is connected by a thin ring. 10 .
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