CN110819875A - Fe2B block wear-resistant material and toughening method thereof - Google Patents
Fe2B block wear-resistant material and toughening method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110819875A CN110819875A CN201910907723.2A CN201910907723A CN110819875A CN 110819875 A CN110819875 A CN 110819875A CN 201910907723 A CN201910907723 A CN 201910907723A CN 110819875 A CN110819875 A CN 110819875A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
Abstract
The invention discloses Fe2Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction melting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in a mixture is 8.6-8.9 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder, mixing the atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y according to the mass fraction of chromium being 1-3 wt.%, the mass fraction of manganese being 0.2-1.0 wt.% and the mass fraction of rare earth element Y being 0-0.5 wt.%, carrying out ball milling, and sieving after ball milling; placing a layer of graphite paper in close contact with the inner wall of a female die of the die, placing the sieved mixed material into the die to be pressed into a blank, and performing spark plasma sintering to obtain Fe with high toughness2B, block wear-resistant material. The raw material price of the inventionLow cost, simple preparation process and low production cost, and the obtained Fe2The B block has good fracture toughness and simultaneously has stronger hardness and wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of metal wear-resistant materials, and particularly relates to Fe2B block wear-resistant material and toughening method thereof.
Background
Wear is one of the main forms of failure of mechanical equipment and components and is an important factor in determining mechanical life. It is estimated that about 30% of the energy in industrialized countries is consumed by friction and wear, and for a highly industrialized country, the economic loss caused by friction and wear accounts for almost 1-2% of the annual value of national economy. In order to reduce economic loss caused by abrasion, a plurality of wear-resistant materials are produced at the same time, but with the change of working environment and the improvement of production requirements, novel wear-resistant materials are researched and developed, and the wear-resistant material has important significance for national economy.
Fe2B is a wear-resistant phase in a boronized layer of a steel material, and has high strength, hardness and wear resistance. However, the requirement of the steel boronizing treatment process is high, the obtained boronizing layer is thin, and the obtained boronizing layer is easy to crack and peel in long-term engineering application, so that the failure of parts is caused.
Currently, single phase Fe2B material is already put into use due to higher hardness and wear resistance, but the brittleness is higher, and parts are prone to failure due to brittle fracture, so that Fe is increased2The toughness of the material B has important engineering application significance in prolonging the service life of parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a Fe alloy for overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art2B block wear-resistant material and toughening method thereof, and Fe obtained by toughening method2The B block has good fracture toughness and simultaneously has stronger hardness and wear resistance.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
fe2The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling the mixture, and casting the mixture into ingots;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot cast in the step S1 to obtain atomized powder;
s3, mixing the atomized powder obtained in the step S2 with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y, and carrying out ball milling;
s4, drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving, granulating and pressing into blanks;
s5, discharge plasma sintering the blank to obtain toughened Fe2B, block wear-resistant material.
Specifically, in the step S1, the mass fraction of the boron element in the mixture is 8.6 to 8.9 wt.%.
Specifically, in step S1, the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 10-20 ℃/S, the smelting temperature is 1560-1600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 min, the temperature reduction mode is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1400-1450 ℃.
Specifically, in step S2, the atomization process is to heat and melt the ingot under vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1 to 0.15MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through the nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420 to 1460 ℃.
Specifically, in step S3, the mass of the pure chromium powder accounts for 1-3% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank, the mass of the manganese powder accounts for 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank, and the mass of the rare earth element Y accounts for 0-0.5% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank.
Specifically, in step S3, the ball-to-material ratio of ball-milling treatment is (5-10): 1, the rotation speed is 200-300 r/min, the ball-milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 80-120% of the total mass of the powder, and the ball-milling time is 20-40 h.
Specifically, in step S4, 200-325 mesh sieving and granulation are performed, the mold pressure for pressing the blank is 180-220 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90-150S.
Specifically, in step S5, the sintering process is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere with a nitrogen pressure of 10 or less-1Pa; the temperature rise speed of the sintering furnace is 10-30 ℃/second; the sintering pressure is 20-40 MPa; the sintering temperature is 1000-1300 ℃; the heat preservation time is 10-20 minutes, and the sintered material is cooled along with a sintering furnace after being sintered.
According to another technical scheme, the invention provides Fe2B block of wear-resistant material, treated according to said toughening method, Fe2The macro hardness of the B block wear-resistant material is 1796-1845 HV, the reduction is 3.7-6.3%, and the fracture toughness value is 3.74-4.46 MPa.m1/2The increase is 41.1-68.3%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to Fe2The toughening method of B block wear-resistant material adopts low-price pure iron, ferroboron, pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y as raw materials, has simple preparation process, obviously reduces production cost, and prepares Fe2The B block material has good wear resistance, greatly improves the toughness and can obviously prolong the service life of the wear-resistant part.
Further, preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling the mixture, and casting the mixture into ingots to obtain pure Fe with uniform tissues2B block according to Fe2And B, calculating the mass fraction of the boron element to be 8.6-8.9 wt.%. To obtain high-purity toughened Fe2And the final mass fraction of Fe and B elements needs to be ensured as much as possible for the B block.
Furthermore, in the ultrasonic atomization process, the melt flows through an atomization nozzle, the melt is smashed into tiny liquid drops by utilizing the ultrasonic to generate pulsating gas flow and is sprayed on a water-cooling carrier to obtain atomized powder, the water-cooling carrier can quickly solidify the alloy liquid drops to obtain Fe with fine structure2And B, atomizing the powder.
Furthermore, the ball milling time is 20-40 h to ensure that atomized powder, chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y are uniformly mixed in the ball milling process and the content of Fe is close to that of Fe containing different Cr, Mn and rare earth powder Y2The prefabricated powder of the component B selects absolute ethyl alcohol as a ball milling medium, so that the oxidation of metal can be reduced, the component segregation of materials can be reduced, and the uniform dispersion of a forming agent can be promoted.
Furthermore, in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 180-220 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90-150 s, so that the prefabricated powder is fully compacted, and the generation of pores after sintering is reduced.
Further, the powder is formed into Fe with uniform and regular tissue by adopting higher sintering temperature and shorter heat preservation time2And B, cooling the block body along with the furnace to further homogenize the material.
The invention relates to Fe2The B block wear-resistant material has uniform components, no segregation and good toughness and wear resistance.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of low raw material price, simple preparation process and low production cost, and the prepared Fe is2The B block wear-resistant material has high wear resistance and good toughness, and can be used for wear-resistant parts in most working environments.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Fe prepared with high toughness2And B, SEM photograph of the block wear-resistant material.
Detailed Description
The invention provides Fe2B, toughening a block wear-resistant material, namely preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction melting furnace, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling the mixture, and casting the mixture into ingots; carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder, mixing the atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y, carrying out ball milling and sieving; putting the sieved mixed material into a mould to be pressed into a blank, and sintering the blank by a spark plasma sintering system to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B, block wear-resistant material. The invention has the advantages of low price of raw materials, simple preparation process and low production cost, and the obtained Fe2The B block has good fracture toughness and simultaneously has stronger hardness and wear resistance. Cr alloy element is added into the wear-resistant alloy and is dissolved in Fe in a solid manner2In B, to improve single-phase Fe2B toughness, thereby increasing Fe2Service life of B alloy.
The invention relates to Fe2The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling the mixture, and casting the mixture into ingots;
wherein the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 10-20 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1560-1600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1400-1450 ℃.
S2, carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder;
wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
S3, mixing the obtained atomized powder with proper pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y for ball milling;
the mass of the pure chromium powder accounts for 1-3% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank, and the mass of the manganese powder accounts for 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank; the mass of the rare earth element Y accounts for 0-0.5 wt% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank; the ball milling tank and the grinding balls are made of stainless steel, the ball-material ratio (5-10) of ball milling treatment is 1, the rotating speed is 200-300 r/min, powder and the grinding balls are filled before ball milling, and absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 80-120% of the total mass of the powder is introduced as a ball milling medium of the ball milling medium; the ball milling time is 20-40 h.
S4, drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving and granulating the dried mixed slurry through a sieve of 200-325 meshes, and filling the sieved mixed powder into a die to press the mixed powder into a blank;
in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 180-220 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90-150 s.
S5, putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B, block wear-resistant material.
Wherein the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa; the temperature rise speed of the sintering furnace is 10-30 ℃/second; the sintering pressure is 20-40 MPa; the sintering temperature is 1000-1300 ℃; the heat preservation time is 10-30 minutes, and the sintered material is cooled along with a sintering furnace after being sintered.
Fe of the invention2The B block wear-resistant material can be widely applied to wear-resistant working conditions, and particularly has a good application prospect in mining large-scale equipment such as bucket teeth and wear-resistant steel plates.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Comparative example
Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.8 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 15 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1560-1580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1420-1440 ℃.
Example 1
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.6 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 10 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1560-1570 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1400-1410 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and rare earth powder Y according to 1 wt.% of Cr, 0.2 wt.% of Mn and 0.5 wt.% of Y, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel, the ball material ratio is 5:1, the rotating speed is 300r/min, powder and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 20h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 80 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the mixed slurry after ball milling, sieving by a 230-mesh sieve, granulating, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of a die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die, and pressing into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 110 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 10 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 20MPa, the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
The following is a description of Fe obtained in this example2And the B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested to show the superiority of the performance.
The morphology of the sample structure obtained after sintering was observed with a scanning electron microscope and the results are shown in FIG. 1. Testing the macroscopic hardness of a sample by means of a Vickers hardness tester, and calculating Fe by combining a fracture toughness equation2The results of the fracture toughness values of B are shown in Table 1. Samples of the same size were taken for 5 sets of experiments and the results averaged.
Example 2
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.8 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 15 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1570-1580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 25min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1420-1430 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and rare earth powder Y according to 2.5 wt.% of Cr, 0.8 wt.% of Mn and 0.4 wt.% of Y, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel materials, the ball material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 300r/min, powder materials and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 30h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 100 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the mixed slurry after ball milling, sieving by a 325-mesh sieve, granulating, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of a die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die, and pressing into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 180MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 130 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 20 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
For Fe obtained in this example2The B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested, and the result is shown in the table 1.
Example 3
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.8 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 20 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1590-1600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the temperature reduction rate is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1440-1450 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and rare earth powder Y according to 3 wt.% of Cr, 1.0 wt.% of Mn and 0.1 wt.% of Y, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel, the ball-material ratio is 8:1, the rotating speed is 200r/min, powder and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 40h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 90 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, granulating, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of a die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die, and pressing into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 220MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 120 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 30 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
For Fe obtained in this example2The B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested, and the result is shown in the table 1.
Example 4
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.6 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 12 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1565-1575 ℃, the heat preservation time is 25min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1410-1420 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder and manganese powder according to the proportion of 1.5 wt.% of Cr and 0.4 wt.% of Mn, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel, the ball material ratio is 6:1, the rotating speed is 240r/min, powder and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 25h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 120 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving by a 230-mesh sieve, granulating, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of the die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die, and pressing into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 190MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 15 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 25MPa, the sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
For Fe obtained in this example2The B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested, and the result is shown in the table 1.
Example 5
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.9 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 16 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1585-1595 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the temperature reduction speed is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1425-1435 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and rare earth powder Y according to 2.5 wt.% of Cr, 0.8 wt.% of Mn and 0.3 wt.% of Y, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel, the ball-material ratio is 8:1, the rotating speed is 200r/min, powder and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 35h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 110 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, granulating, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of a die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die, and pressing into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 150 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 25 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
For Fe obtained in this example2The B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested, and the result is shown in the table 1.
Example 6
(1) Preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the mass fraction of boron in the mixture is 8.7 wt.%, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling and casting the mixture into ingots; the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 18 ℃/s, the smelting temperature is 1575-1585 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, the temperature reduction rate is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1415-1425 ℃.
(2) Carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot to obtain atomized powder; wherein, the atomization treatment is carried out by using a closed ultrasonic gas atomization device, the atomization process is carried out by heating and melting ingot materials under a vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
(3) Mixing the obtained atomized powder with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and rare earth powder Y according to 1.7 wt.% of Cr, 0.4 wt.% of Mn and 0.2 wt.% of Y, and carrying out ball milling; the ball milling tank and the milling balls are made of stainless steel materials, the ball material ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 260r/min, powder materials and the milling balls are filled before ball milling, and a certain amount of ball milling medium is introduced; wherein, the ball milling time is 20h, and the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 100 percent of the total mass of the powder.
(4) Drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving by 270 meshes for granulation, placing a layer of graphite paper close to the inner wall of a female die of a die, filling the sieved mixed powder into the die to press into a blank, wherein in the blank pressing process, the pressure in the die is 180MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 110 s.
(5) Putting the die into a spark plasma sintering system for sintering to obtain Fe with higher toughness2B block body wear-resistant material, the sintering process is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa, the temperature rising speed of the sintering furnace is 30 ℃/s, the sintering pressure is 35MPa, the sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, and the sintering furnace is cooled together after sintering.
For Fe obtained in this example2The B block wear-resistant material is observed and tested, and the result is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of the materials obtained in the examples
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the structure of a sintered sample. Referring to Table 1, as the sintering temperature increases and the contents of Cr, Mn and Y, the obtained Fe is sintered2The B block wear-resistant material has the advantages that the fracture toughness is increased and then reduced, and although the hardness is reduced slightly, the B block wear-resistant material still has higher hardness and better wear resistance. Example 2 is the best embodiment of the examples, taking into account the economic cost, fracture toughness and wear resistance properties.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Fe2The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preheating pure iron and ferroboron, adding the preheated pure iron and ferroboron into a small vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, gradually heating, preserving heat, cooling the mixture, and casting the mixture into ingots;
s2, carrying out ultrasonic atomization on the mother ingot cast in the step S1 to obtain atomized powder;
s3, mixing the atomized powder obtained in the step S2 with pure chromium powder, manganese powder and trace rare earth powder Y, and carrying out ball milling;
s4, drying the ball-milled mixed slurry, sieving, granulating and pressing into blanks;
s5, discharge plasma sintering the blank to obtain toughened Fe2B, block wear-resistant material.
2. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S1, the final mass fraction of the boron element in the mixed material is 8.6-8.9 wt.%.
3. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S1, the temperature rise speed of the mixture is 10-20 ℃/S, the smelting temperature is 1560-1600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 min, the temperature reduction mode is air cooling, and the pouring temperature is 1400-1450 ℃.
4. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S2, the atomization process is to heat and melt the ingot under the vacuum condition, the pressure is 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the melt is sprayed and atomized through a nozzle, and the atomization temperature is 1420-1460 ℃.
5. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S3, the mass of pure chromium powder accounts for 1-3% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank, the mass of manganese powder accounts for 0.2-1.0% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank, and the mass of the rare earth element Y accounts for 0-0.5 wt% of the total mass of the powder in the ball milling tank.
6. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S3, the ball-material ratio of ball-milling treatment is (5-10): 1, and the rotating speed is 200-300 r-And min, wherein the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol accounting for 80-120% of the total mass of the powder, and the ball milling time is 20-40 h.
7. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S4, 200-325 meshes are adopted for sieving and granulating, the pressure of a die for pressing a blank is 180-220 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 90-150S.
8. Fe of claim 12The toughening method of the B block wear-resistant material is characterized in that in the step S5, the sintering process is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen pressure is less than or equal to 10-1Pa; the temperature rise speed of the sintering furnace is 10-30 ℃/second; the sintering pressure is 20-40 MPa; the sintering temperature is 1000-1300 ℃; the heat preservation time is 10-20 minutes, and the sintered material is cooled along with a sintering furnace after being sintered.
9. Fe2B bulk wear resistant material, characterized in that treated according to the toughening method of any one of claims 1 to 8, Fe2The macro hardness of the B block wear-resistant material is 1796-1845 HV, the reduction is 3.7-6.3%, and the fracture toughness value is 3.74-4.46 MPa.m1/2The increase is 41.1 to 68.3 percent.
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| CN101328557A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Toughening processing method of hard phase Fe2B in iron boron wear-resistant alloy |
| CN102211778A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-12 | 西安交通大学 | Method for improving strength of Fe2B material with zinc melting corrosion resistance |
| CN106929735A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-07-07 | 广东博杰特新材料科技有限公司 | High intensity molybdenum-iron boron ternary boride material and its making preparation method |
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| CN1504586A (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-06-16 | 天津理工学院 | Silicide alloy-titanium carbide cermet |
| CN101328557A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-24 | 西安交通大学 | Toughening processing method of hard phase Fe2B in iron boron wear-resistant alloy |
| CN102211778A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-10-12 | 西安交通大学 | Method for improving strength of Fe2B material with zinc melting corrosion resistance |
| CN106929735A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-07-07 | 广东博杰特新材料科技有限公司 | High intensity molybdenum-iron boron ternary boride material and its making preparation method |
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