CN104952581A - Preparation method of NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) magnetic materials - Google Patents

Preparation method of NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) magnetic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104952581A
CN104952581A CN201510418825.XA CN201510418825A CN104952581A CN 104952581 A CN104952581 A CN 104952581A CN 201510418825 A CN201510418825 A CN 201510418825A CN 104952581 A CN104952581 A CN 104952581A
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permanent magnet
under
preparation
sintering
environment
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徐均升
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Zhejiang Zhonghang New Material Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Zhonghang New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) magnetic materials and provides a simple, convenient and cheap preparation method of high-density NdFeB magnetic materials with sufficient residual magnetism and coercivity. For sintered NdFeB magnetic materials, micrometer-scale material particles are coated with nano-scale Dy (dysprosium) or Tb (terbium) through metallic vapor, air holes in blanks are eliminated through three stages of sintering treatment, the compactness of the blanks is improved, the effect caused by excessively thick crystal particles on the coercivity is also avoided, at the second stage of sintering, the mechanical strength of the magnetic materials is significantly improved, and the materials are more suitable for durable work in high-temperature environments.

Description

A kind of preparation method of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field forming permanent magnet, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.
Background technology
The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of sintering has good magnetic, and Chang Zuowei permanent magnet is used in various power equipment.But due to the Nd in this material 2fe 14the existence of B, remanent magnetism and intrinsic coercivity along with variations in temperature very large, and in the power equipment in modern times, ubiquity the demand of the efforts environment of high temperature.Usually by before fusing or forming alloy in prior art, add cobalt (Co), dysprosium (Dy) or terbium (Tb) in hybrid metal.
But dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) they are all very rare and expensive raw materials, the dysprosium (Dy) only containing about 5% in usual rare earth element, and and all comprise dysprosium (Dy) in the rare earth element of not all.In recent years due to the exhaustive exploitation of rare earth element, its reserves obviously decline, and the price of dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) sharply rises.Simultaneously because these rare metals are difficult to purify, even and pure being also easy to is oxidized.Therefore industry also attempts employing its hydride or fluoride as additive.But the rapid diffusion of hydride makes and sinters relevant temperature and can not make original consolidation, and impact has carried out the service behaviour of material.Although and the interpolation of fluoride makes material obtain higher coercive force, its remanent magnetism then declines a lot.
Chinese patent CN104392818A discloses a kind of method improving sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material magnetic property, passes through Dy 2the solution of O3 or Tb2O3 is coated in sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material, then vat blue RS.But the method only to the dysprosium (Dy) on sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material surface, the attachment of terbium (Tb), there is no improvement for material itself.
Chinese patent CN104575905A discloses a kind of method of adding nanometer aluminium powder and preparing sintered NdFeB, the aluminium powder of particle mean size 10nm-100nm is proportionally added in the micro mist of neodymium iron boron, although the method increase the coercive force of material, but owing to introducing aluminium powder in material, reduce further the Curie temperature of ndfeb magnet, and it has been generally acknowledged that the Curie temperature of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is lower, then reduction is very disadvantageous further.
Chinese patent CN104593660A discloses a kind of method of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material alloying Ga element, Ga element is added using Fe-Ga alloy as the form of raw material, the metal Ga avoiding liquid state during batching adds and holds volatile defect, but in this kind of method, Fe-Ga alloy form exists to have impact in material and have impact on Nd 2fe 14b crystal property.
Research is thought, improves sintering temperature and extends sintering time and can improve the density of sintered magnet, but owing to improving sintering temperature, extend sintering time and can cause growing up of crystal grain, and the coercive force of thick crystal grain is lower than thin crystal grain.Therefore the remanent magnetism of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet wants the imaginary magnet significantly equaling magnet alloy real density lower than its sintered density at present.In addition, density is low also makes that magnet mechanical strength is low, surface gets rusty easily.To this defect, usual industry is thought to be needed to carry out sintering work under hyperbaric environment, make magnet material fine and close, but operations involving high pressure needs extremely expensive operation and maintenance cost, also has larger potential safety hazard simultaneously.
For the foregoing reasons, the research preparing remanent magnetism and the enough coercitive high density Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet with expectation is needed further deeply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple, convenient, cheap preparation method with enough remanent magnetism and coercitive high density Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.
For the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of sintering, desirable microstructure is Nd 2fe 14b crystal grain, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method preparing Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, it is characterized in that:
There is provided a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, the proportioning of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is: the neodymium of 10-15wt%, the boron of 6-8wt%, and all the other are iron, and melting under ar gas environment, makes alloy pig, then under ar gas environment, pass through ball mill grinding; The preferred diameter being used as the ball milling of abrasive media is 3-5 millimeter; Then the powder of ball mill grinding is ground into the powder of particle mean size 3 μm by airslide disintegrating mill;
Be filled with argon gas in vacuum evaporation room, by the heat effect of evaporation source, dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) formed metallic vapour; Preferred partial pressure of ar gas is not less than 3 × 10 -1pa;
Above-mentioned metallic vapour output gas flow is adhered to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder that airslide disintegrating mill grinds out, duration 0.1-1 hour;
By under the magnetic field of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder under the pressure of 3-5 ton/square centimeter and at least 2.5T, be molded into base substrate, wherein magnetic alloy particle be oriented to easy magnetizing axis along the magnetic direction applied during mold pressing;
Magnetic material alloys powder green bodies sinters, and sintering was divided into for three stages carried out, not life period interval and cooling processing between three stages;
First stage sinters: carry out in vacuum environment, eliminate the pore in base substrate, sintering temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C, sintering time continues 2-3 hour, the density obtaining base substrate reaches the 95-98.5% of magnetic alloy density, extend sintering time although lasting and improve the density in addition further leeway of improving of sintering temperature for base substrate, likely cause the less desirable thick of crystal grain;
Second stage sinters: in inert gas environment, controls under 30-50 atmospheric environment, with 1000-1100 DEG C, and sintering 1-2 hour;
Phase III sinters: in inert gas environment, under normal pressure, under the environment of 800 DEG C, cool gradually with the speed of 200 DEG C/h;
By triphasic sintering processes, in first stage sintering, eliminate the pore in base substrate, improve the density of base substrate, turn avoid that crystal grain is too thick affects coercive force; And in second stage sintering, sintering temperature and duration all lower than the first sintering stage, and have suitable pressure sintering, avoid the defect that undesirable crystal grain is thick, improve again the density of base substrate simultaneously further; In phase III sintering, the speed that control temperature declines, the defects such as the crackle avoiding magnet material to cause because temperature reduces suddenly and chipping, significantly improve the mechanical strength of magnet material, work durable under being more suitable for hot environment.
By method of the present invention, make on the one hand Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet have at least one in the dysprosium (Dy) of non-equilibrium diffusion or terbium (Tb), the prompting of non-homogeneous dispersion makes Nd in material 2fe 14b crystal grain borders goes out preferential build, more easily forms eutectic phase, makes material have good coercive force and remanent magnetism.
By method of the present invention, on the other hand, dysprosium (Dy) or the terbium (Tb) of Nano grade are coated on the material granule of micron level, meticulous in particle size, make particle more responsive for the impact of magnetic, the magnetic energy impact applied extraly in mold process, thus the enough remanent magnetism of expectation can be obtained.
By method of the present invention, dysprosium (Dy) or terbium (Tb) in the material formed after sintering is made to be dispersed in the inside of material on the other hand, but the dysprosium (Dy) consumed or terbium (Tb) content significantly reduce 50% or more, be applicable in the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet form of motor a kind of, overall dysprosium (Dy) or terbium (Tb) only account for the scope of about 0.3-5wt%, but make magnetic property similar to the process magnet with much bigger whole content.
By method of the present invention, on the other hand, multistage sintering method improves the density of base substrate, turn avoid that crystal grain is too thick affects coercive force, the speed that control temperature declines, the defects such as the crackle avoiding magnet material to cause because temperature reduces suddenly and chipping, significantly improve the mechanical strength of magnet material, work durable under being more suitable for hot environment.
Wherein, the evaporation sheet material formation process that evaporation source uses is:
Solidifying body formation process: after the alloy melting of rare earth metal or rare earth metal, under remaining on the state lower than aforementioned fusion temperature, on the tabular made at refractory metal by the alloy graining of rare earth metal or rare earth metal or the latticed core of tubular;
The silk that core uses the refractory metals such as tungsten, vanadium, titanium, tantalum or its oxide to make is woven into latticed, and the mesh of grid, at 50-100 order, uses at least 3 layers of mesh overlay to make the grid core of tabular or tubular;
The metal of terres rares uses dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb); The alloy of rare earth metal uses in dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) with the addition of and improves coercitive metal.
Like this as evaporation source use evaporation sheet material without the need to independent casting, after the rare earth metal that core adheres to or the alloy of rare earth metal run out of, only need core again to immerse the alloy of rare earth metal under molten state or rare earth metal, the alloy of rare earth metal or rare earth metal is solidified again.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but does not limit the invention to these embodiments.One skilled in the art would recognize that all alternatives, improvement project and the equivalents that present invention encompasses and may comprise in Claims scope.
Embodiment 1
There is provided a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, the proportioning of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is: the neodymium of 10wt%, the boron of 8wt%, and all the other are iron, and melting under ar gas environment, makes alloy pig, then under ar gas environment, pass through ball mill grinding; The preferred diameter being used as the ball milling of abrasive media is 3 millimeters; Then the powder of ball mill grinding is ground into the powder of particle mean size 3 μm by airslide disintegrating mill;
Be filled with argon gas in vacuum evaporation room, by the heat effect of evaporation source, dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) formed metallic vapour; Partial pressure of ar gas is 3 × 10 -1pa;
Above-mentioned metallic vapour output gas flow is adhered to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder that airslide disintegrating mill grinds out, duration 0.1-1 hour;
By Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder under the pressure of 3 tons/square centimeter and 2.5T magnetic field under, be molded into base substrate, wherein magnetic alloy particle be oriented to easy magnetizing axis along the magnetic direction applied during mold pressing;
Magnetic material alloys powder green bodies sinters, and sintering was divided into for three stages carried out, not life period interval and cooling processing between three stages;
First stage sinters: carry out in vacuum environment, eliminate the pore in base substrate, sintering temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C, sintering time continues 2 hours, the density obtaining base substrate reaches 95% of magnetic alloy density, extend sintering time although lasting and improve the density in addition further leeway of improving of sintering temperature for base substrate, likely cause the less desirable thick of crystal grain;
Second stage sinters: in inert gas environment, controls, under 30-50 atmospheric environment, with 1000-1100 DEG C, to sinter 1 hour;
Phase III sinters: in inert gas environment, under normal pressure, under the environment of 800 DEG C, cool gradually with the speed of 200 DEG C/h;
Wherein, the evaporation sheet material formation process that evaporation source uses is:
Solidifying body formation process: after the alloy melting of rare earth metal or rare earth metal, under remaining on the state lower than aforementioned fusion temperature, on the latticed core of the tabular made at refractory metal by the alloy graining of rare earth metal or rare earth metal;
The silk that core uses the refractory metals such as tungsten, vanadium, titanium, tantalum or its oxide to make is woven into latticed, and the mesh of grid, at 50 orders, uses at least 3 layers of mesh overlay to make the grid core of tabular;
The metal of terres rares uses dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb); The alloy of rare earth metal uses in dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) with the addition of and improves coercitive metal, as Nd, Pr, Al, Cu, Ga.
Embodiment 2
There is provided a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, the proportioning of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is: the neodymium of 15wt%, the boron of 6wt%, and all the other are iron, and melting under ar gas environment, makes alloy pig, then under ar gas environment, pass through ball mill grinding; The preferred diameter being used as the ball milling of abrasive media is 5 millimeters; Then the powder of ball mill grinding is ground into the powder of particle mean size 3 μm by airslide disintegrating mill;
Be filled with argon gas in vacuum evaporation room, by the heat effect of evaporation source, dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) formed metallic vapour; Preferred partial pressure of ar gas 5 × 10 -1pa;
Above-mentioned metallic vapour output gas flow is adhered to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder that airslide disintegrating mill grinds out, 1 hour duration;
By Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder under the pressure of 5 tons/square centimeter and 3T magnetic field under, be molded into base substrate, wherein magnetic alloy particle be oriented to easy magnetizing axis along the magnetic direction applied during mold pressing;
Magnetic material alloys powder green bodies sinters, and sintering was divided into for three stages carried out, not life period interval and cooling processing between three stages;
First stage sinters: carry out in vacuum environment, eliminate the pore in base substrate, sintering temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C, sintering time continues 3 hours, the density obtaining base substrate reaches 98.5% of magnetic alloy density, extend sintering time although lasting and improve the density in addition further leeway of improving of sintering temperature for base substrate, likely cause the less desirable thick of crystal grain;
Second stage sinters: in inert gas environment, control under 50 atmospheric environment, with 1000-1100 DEG C, sinter 2 hours;
Phase III sinters: in inert gas environment, under normal pressure, under the environment of 800 DEG C, cool gradually with the speed of 200 DEG C/h
Wherein, the evaporation sheet material formation process that evaporation source uses is:
Solidifying body formation process: after the alloy melting of rare earth metal or rare earth metal, under remaining on the state lower than aforementioned fusion temperature, on the latticed core of the tubular made at refractory metal by the alloy graining of rare earth metal or rare earth metal;
The silk that core uses the refractory metals such as tungsten, vanadium, titanium, tantalum or its oxide to make is woven into latticed, and the mesh of grid, at 50-100 order, uses 4 layers of mesh overlay to make the grid core of tubular;
The metal of terres rares uses dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb); The alloy of rare earth metal uses in dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) with the addition of and improves coercitive metal.
Embodiment 3
There is provided a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, the proportioning of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is: the neodymium of 13wt%, the boron of 7wt%, and all the other are iron, and melting under ar gas environment, makes alloy pig, then under ar gas environment, pass through ball mill grinding; The preferred diameter being used as the ball milling of abrasive media is 4 millimeters; Then the powder of ball mill grinding is ground into the powder of particle mean size 3 μm by airslide disintegrating mill;
Be filled with argon gas in vacuum evaporation room, by the heat effect of evaporation source, dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb) formed metallic vapour; Partial pressure of ar gas is 3.5 × 10 -1pa;
Above-mentioned metallic vapour output gas flow is adhered to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder that airslide disintegrating mill grinds out, 0.5 hour duration;
By Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder under the pressure of 4 tons/square centimeter and 2.5T magnetic field under, be molded into base substrate, wherein magnetic alloy particle be oriented to easy magnetizing axis along the magnetic direction applied during mold pressing;
Magnetic material alloys powder green bodies sinters, and sintering was divided into for three stages carried out, not life period interval and cooling processing between three stages;
First stage sinters: carry out in vacuum environment, eliminate the pore in base substrate, sintering temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C, sintering time continues 2 hours, the density obtaining base substrate reaches 98% of magnetic alloy density, extend sintering time although lasting and improve the density in addition further leeway of improving of sintering temperature for base substrate, likely cause the less desirable thick of crystal grain;
Second stage sinters: in inert gas environment, controls, under 30-50 atmospheric environment, with 1000-1100 DEG C, to sinter 1.5 hours;
Phase III sinters: in inert gas environment, under normal pressure, under the environment of 800 DEG C, cool gradually with the speed of 200 DEG C/h.
It is as follows that the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet adopting the present invention to prepare records parameter:

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, is characterized in that:
(1) provide a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, by Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet melting under ar gas environment, make alloy pig, then under ar gas environment, pass through ball mill grinding; Then the powder of ball mill grinding is ground powdered by airslide disintegrating mill;
(2) be filled with argon gas in vacuum evaporation room, by the heat effect of evaporation source, dysprosium (Dy) or terbium (Tb) formed metallic vapour;
(3) above-mentioned metallic vapour output gas flow is adhered to the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder that airslide disintegrating mill grinds out, duration 0.1-1 hour;
(4) Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet alloy powder is molded into base substrate, wherein magnetic alloy particle be oriented to easy magnetizing axis along the magnetic direction applied during mold pressing;
(5) by magnetic material alloys powder green bodies sinter molding.
2. the preparation method of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described sintering was divided into for three stages carried out, not life period interval and cooling processing between three stages; Comprise:
First stage sinters: carry out in vacuum environment, and eliminate the pore in base substrate, sintering temperature is 1200-1300 DEG C, and sintering time continues 2-3 hour, and the density obtaining base substrate reaches the 95-98.5% of magnetic alloy density;
Second stage sinters: carry out in inert gas environment, controls under 30-50 atmospheric environment, with 1000-1100 DEG C, and sintering 1-2 hour;
Phase III sinters: carry out in inert gas environment, under normal pressure, under the environment of 800 DEG C, cool gradually with the speed of 200 DEG C/h.
3. the preparation method of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the proportioning of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is: the neodymium of 10-15wt%, the boron of 6-8wt%, and all the other are iron.
4. the preparation method of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter being used as the ball milling of abrasive media in described ball mill is 3-5 millimeter, and the powder mean particle sizes that described airslide disintegrating mill grinds is 3 μm.
5. the preparation method of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the partial pressure of ar gas forming metallic vapour in described vacuum evaporation room is not less than 3 × 10 -1pa.
6. the preparation method of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described in be embossed in the pressure of 3-5 ton/square centimeter under and at least 2.5T magnetic field under carry out.
CN201510418825.XA 2015-07-16 2015-07-16 Preparation method of NdFeB (neodymium iron boron) magnetic materials Pending CN104952581A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106935390A (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-07 厦门钨业股份有限公司 A kind of surface treatment method of rare-earth sintered magnet
CN107799255A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-13 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of corrosion-resistant Ne-Fe-B magnet steel
CN107845468A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of performance car magnet steel
CN107845463A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of high tenacity electric car magnetic steel special
CN107845466A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of inexpensive sintered NdFeB magnet steel
CN110299235A (en) * 2018-03-22 2019-10-01 日立金属株式会社 The manufacturing method of R-T-B based sintered magnet

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CN1257290A (en) * 1998-12-11 2000-06-21 信越化学工业株式会社 Process for preparing rare earth base permanent magnet
CN101842862A (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-09-22 株式会社爱发科 Process for producing permanent magnet and permanent magnet
CN103456452A (en) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-18 南京理工大学 Preparation method of low-dysprosium corrosion-resistant sintering neodymium iron boron
JP2014135441A (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-24 Ulvac Japan Ltd Method for manufacturing permanent magnet

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1257290A (en) * 1998-12-11 2000-06-21 信越化学工业株式会社 Process for preparing rare earth base permanent magnet
CN101842862A (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-09-22 株式会社爱发科 Process for producing permanent magnet and permanent magnet
JP2014135441A (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-24 Ulvac Japan Ltd Method for manufacturing permanent magnet
CN103456452A (en) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-18 南京理工大学 Preparation method of low-dysprosium corrosion-resistant sintering neodymium iron boron

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106935390A (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-07 厦门钨业股份有限公司 A kind of surface treatment method of rare-earth sintered magnet
CN107799255A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-13 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of corrosion-resistant Ne-Fe-B magnet steel
CN107845468A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of performance car magnet steel
CN107845463A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of high tenacity electric car magnetic steel special
CN107845466A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-27 浙江中杭新材料科技有限公司 The preparation method of inexpensive sintered NdFeB magnet steel
CN110299235A (en) * 2018-03-22 2019-10-01 日立金属株式会社 The manufacturing method of R-T-B based sintered magnet
CN110299235B (en) * 2018-03-22 2024-01-30 株式会社博迈立铖 Method for producing R-T-B sintered magnet

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